JP6418557B2 - Agricultural greenhouse - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an agricultural greenhouse provided with a double film covering structure used for enhancing heat retention.

Agricultural greenhouses are intended to keep the inside of a greenhouse warm by confining solar heat by spreading a transparent vinyl film on a frame made of metal or the like. By keeping the inside of the greenhouse warm, the growth of the crop is promoted, or the harvest time is shifted and the high price trade of the crop is realized. However, in the case of a single film, the temperature inside the greenhouse at night falls to almost the same as the outside temperature due to the heat conduction of the film. Therefore, two films are stretched and an air layer is formed between the two films, so that this air layer is used as a heat insulating layer to enhance heat retention. The specific prior art will be described below.
As disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a method in which an air mat is installed between double films.
Moreover, like patent document 2, there exists a method of providing a film fastening member in order to stretch | stretch a double film, and stretching a film in each, and forming a heat insulation layer.
Moreover, there exists the method of forming a heat insulation layer by blowing with an electric fan between double films like patent document 3. FIG.
Further, as disclosed in Patent Document 4, there is a method of spreading a double film having an air layer in a conventional greenhouse.
Further, as in Non-Patent Document 1, there is a flat type house using a steel pipe for scaffolding having an outer diameter of 48.6 mm as a main structural member.
By the way, there are three paths for heat: conduction heat, convection heat, and radiant heat. Convection heat can be blocked by sealing the entire greenhouse with a film, and conduction heat can be blocked by using a double film as in Patent Documents 1 to 3.
As disclosed in Patent Document 5, there is one that constitutes a covering material for a greenhouse by a member that blocks near infrared rays.
In addition, as in Non-Patent Document 2, there is a greenhouse called a sunlight greenhouse. This is an emphasis on warmth in winter, and by providing futon material that can be stored and stored outside the roof surface of the greenhouse, it exhibits the effect of blocking conduction heat and radiant heat at night in winter. Improves heat retention.

JP 2002-58355 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-5798 JP 2012-75405 A JP 2006-29608 A JP 2006-68964 A

9 pages of flattened house design and construction manual (provisional version), published by Kinki Shikoku Agricultural Research Center, National Institute of Agricultural and Food Industry Research "November 2012 issue of modern agriculture" 88-89 pages, 128-131 pages

According to the method of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to form an air mat over the entire film surface, and there is a problem that the cost of the entire covering material increases. In addition, since light reaches the inside of the greenhouse through the inner vinyl, the upper and lower surfaces of the air mat for heat insulation, and the outer vinyl together with a total of four vinyl films, the light transmittance is lowered and the growth of the crop is deteriorated. There was also a problem.
According to the method of Patent Document 2, a thick member is required for the film fastening member, and the problem that the cost of the structural member increases, and this structure itself can be applied to the door portion. There is a problem that it cannot be applied to the roof surface due to the interference.
According to the method of Patent Document 3, it is necessary to keep the fan running at all times, and it is necessary to secure a power source. Also, if there is a hole in the film, the air blowing loss increases. There is a problem that it is necessary and requires equipment cost and operation cost.
According to the method of Patent Document 4, since the air heat insulation layer is as narrow as 100 μm to 3 mm, conduction heat is easily transmitted, and particularly when used in an agricultural greenhouse, the heat insulation effect is remarkably reduced at the portion where the film is in close contact due to wind pressure or the like. There was a problem.
Also, in the method of fixing the double film to one film fastening member at the same time, in order to spread the film, the worker climbs to the roof of the greenhouse and requires a high-risk work that is dangerous and difficult, There was a problem that the construction period of the greenhouse was protracted due to the weather due to the long construction period and the difficulty of film extension in strong winds and rainy weather. The fact that the construction period is long has been a problem in agricultural management due to the high construction labor costs and the length of time during which crops cannot be planted.
According to the method of Non-Patent Document 1, when the outside air temperature is low such as in winter, moisture condensed on the film room side flows down along the slope of the roof, and is blocked by the main building pipe parallel to the building existing on the film room side. There was a problem that water drops from the lower end of the purlin pipe caused the bacteria grown in the greenhouse to be infected with bacteria.
According to the method of Patent Document 3, the temperature rise in summer can be suppressed, but the temperature rise in the greenhouse is similarly suppressed in winter, so that there is a problem that a sufficient temperature in the greenhouse cannot be secured in winter. It was.
According to the method of Non-Patent Document 2, there is a problem that no effect is exhibited against a temperature rise in summer.
The problems of the present invention are the problems of various costs in the above prior art, the problem that it cannot be applied to the roof surface of a greenhouse, the problem that it is necessary to secure a separate power source, and the problem that the construction period is long. In addition, it is necessary to solve the problem that the work is a high place which is dangerous and is easily affected by the weather, and that the water condensed in the film chamber falls as water droplets.
In addition, the problem of the present invention is that the above-mentioned prior art has a problem that the warming effect in winter is not sufficiently obtained, a problem due to a rise in temperature in summer, and further, a rise in temperature in summer when trying to suppress the rise in temperature in summer. The problem is that the temperature cannot be secured.
Here, a part that contributes to photosynthesis and a part that does not contribute to photosynthesis and is ultimately converted into thermal energy are considered. As shown in FIG. 19, sunlight falling on the ground surface is widely distributed from an ultraviolet region near a wavelength of 350 nm to a near infrared region near a wavelength of 3000 nm. On the other hand, the wavelength band that contributes to the photosynthesis of plants varies to some extent depending on the plant, but substantially matches the ultraviolet region from about 350 nm to 750 nm to the visible light region. That is, the solar energy in the infrared region of 750 nm or more is a region that is finally converted into heat. In summer, this area is not taken in to suppress the rise in the temperature in the greenhouse, and in winter, the problem is to increase the temperature in the greenhouse by actively taking in this area.
On the other hand, the black body radiation due to the temperature of the soil in the greenhouse, the structural members of the greenhouse and the crops is distributed from 4000 nm to 12000 nm or more as shown in FIG. 20 when the temperature of the object is 25 ° C. In the far-infrared region, the energy of these blackbody radiations is actively released into the outer space of the greenhouse during summer nights to reduce the temperature inside the greenhouse by radiation cooling, and these blackbody during winter nights. The problem is to keep the radiation without releasing the radiation energy outside the greenhouse.

Therefore, in the present invention, a transparent film is stretched on both sides of a rectangular frame having a certain thickness, and a panel in which an air layer of about several centimeters to tens of centimeters is secured between the two films is provided on the indoor side of the greenhouse. By fixing the frame to the frame, it is possible to provide an agricultural greenhouse with a double film structure that does not require air blowing and does not require work on the roof. This structure can be applied to any surface, whether it is a roof surface, a side surface or a door.
In the present invention, in addition to the transparent film that is fixedly spread on the roof surface, another film that can be unfolded and stored on the roof surface is attached. Of the energy contained in the light, light in the visible light region, which mainly contributes to photosynthesis, is transmitted, blocking near-infrared rays that do not contribute to photosynthesis and far-infrared energy due to black body radiation from the soil and frame members in the greenhouse. It is assumed that such characteristics are given. And by deploying and storing the film according to the season and day and night, we provide an agricultural greenhouse that keeps the greenhouse temperature high in the winter and keeps the greenhouse temperature low in the summer. To do.

By constructing an agricultural greenhouse with a double-film structure with excellent thermal insulation in a short period of time without dangerous work at high altitudes, labor costs can be reduced, or the period during which farmland cannot be used is shortened, resulting in vinyl damage. In the event of an accident, it is not necessary to replace the entire vinyl, and the optical performance or mechanical strength of the greenhouse can be set independently for each panel, so a high-performance and expensive film is applied only to the necessary parts. By limiting, it is possible to provide a high-performance greenhouse with reduced production costs, and it is possible to reduce energy consumption, increase the amount of crop production, and carry out shipments that are out of time.
In addition, because the panel itself with the double film is strong, it is possible to omit the structural material in parallel with the greenhouse of the greenhouse, so that when the condensed water inside the greenhouse flows along the roof, Since it is blocked by parallel structural materials and does not fall as water droplets in the room, it is possible to reduce the illnesses of crops to be grown and obstacles caused by water droplets.
The greenhouse temperature in the summer can be kept low while keeping the greenhouse temperature in the winter low, so there is no need for air conditioning with heavy oil or electricity in the first place, or it is enough to operate a small air conditioning system for a short time Therefore, it is possible to provide a high-performance agricultural greenhouse that can increase the production amount of various crops and can be shipped in a timely manner, and that suppresses facility costs and running costs.

The figure which applied the agricultural greenhouse double film panel structure by embodiment of this invention to the ceiling part of a flat type house The perspective view of the panel member of the ceiling part in FIG. Sectional view of the main part of the A part in FIG. Sectional drawing of the principal part of the panel member by other embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing of the principal part of the panel member by other embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing of the principal part of the panel member by other embodiment of this invention Sectional drawing of the principal part of the panel member by other embodiment of this invention An agricultural greenhouse according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. An agricultural greenhouse according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. The perspective view which installed the film winding apparatus, the 1st film, and the 2nd film on the roof surface of the flat type | mold house which is the agricultural greenhouse of other embodiment of this invention. Side view from the wife side of the agricultural greenhouse Side view of an agricultural greenhouse according to still another embodiment of the present invention. Side view of the main part seen from the wife side of the agricultural greenhouse The side view seen from the wife side of the agricultural greenhouse of other embodiment of the present invention The perspective view and side view of the agricultural greenhouse of other embodiment of this invention Side view of essential parts of an agricultural greenhouse according to still another embodiment of the present invention. The perspective view of the agricultural greenhouse of other embodiment of this invention. The side view seen from the wife side of the agricultural greenhouse of other embodiment of the present invention A diagram representing the spectrum of sunlight and the spectrum that contributes to photosynthesis. Illustration of the spectrum of blackbody radiation emitted from an object with a temperature of 25 ° C. The figure which shows the panel member used for the agricultural greenhouse of other embodiment of this invention. Schematic of the agricultural greenhouse Part A enlarged view in FIG. Part B enlarged view in FIG. Part C enlarged view in FIG. YY arrow view in FIG.

  FIG. 1 shows a greenhouse called a flat-type house, in which a film is stretched flat on a metal frame. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the panel member, and FIG.

A plurality of panel members 10 are provided on the roof surface of the greenhouse.
The panel member 10 has a rectangular frame 13 that forms an outer frame. A crosspiece 12 as a reinforcing member is provided inside the frame 13 as necessary.
A transparent film 11 is stretched on both surfaces of the frame 13, and one end portion 11 a of the film 11 and the other end portion 11 b of the film 11 are thermally welded outside the frame 13, so that the film 11 is attached. It is in close contact with the frame 13.

  FIG. 3 shows the heat welding location B. A greenhouse structural member 20 for fixing the panel member 10 is provided on the roof surface of the greenhouse. The plurality of panel members 10 are fixed to the greenhouse structural member 20 by the screw members 17 in units of the panel member 10. ing. The screw member 17 is detachably attached from the interior of the greenhouse. The frame 13 is provided with a nut 16 for fastening the screw member 17. The screw member 17 is inserted from the lower surface of the greenhouse structural member 20, passes through the lower surface of the frame 13, and is coupled to the nut 16. An air layer of several centimeters to several tens of centimeters is formed between the film 11 stretched on one surface of the frame 13 and the film 11 stretched on the other surface of the frame 13 depending on the thickness of the frame 13. . This air layer can be kept constant throughout the greenhouse, and by having high-performance heat insulation, the heat retention of the entire greenhouse is significantly improved. Since light only passes through the film 11 stretched on one side of the frame 13 and the film 11 stretched on the other side of the frame 13, an air mat is installed between the double films. Compared with such a conventional method, a decrease in light transmittance can be minimized.

  In the present embodiment, one end portion 11a and the other end portion 11b of the film 11 stretched on both surfaces of the panel member 10 are heat-welded. Since the film 11 is stretched, the film 11 is fixed to the frame 13 because tension acts on the frame 13. The method of fixing the film 11 to the frame 13 is not limited to this, and the two films 11 are respectively arranged on one side and the other side of the frame 13, and the films 11 are connected to each other or the film 11 and the frame 13 can be fixed by heat welding, adhesion, or adhesion.

4 to 9 show another embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same member and description is abbreviate | omitted.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a groove 13 </ b> A is formed on the outer peripheral end surface of the frame 13, and one end 11 a and the other end 11 b of the film 11 are sandwiched between the grooves 13 </ b> A and the metal spring 18 is inserted. Used to fix mechanically. The groove-shaped portion 13A shown in FIG. 4 has a bottom groove width wider than the inlet groove width.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a groove 13B is formed on the outer peripheral end surface of the frame 13, and one end 11a and the other end 11b of the film 11 are sandwiched between the groove 13B and the rubber elastic body 19 is inserted. It is mechanically fixed using. The groove-like portion 13B shown in FIG. 5 has a bottom groove width and an inlet groove width that are the same width.
The material of the frame 13 and the crosspiece 12 is not limited to metal or resin. Since the frame 13 and the crosspiece 12 are covered with the film 11, even a water-sensitive material such as wood or paper can be used as the panel member 10.

The method of fixing the panel member 10 to the greenhouse structural member 20 is not limited to the fastening by the screw member 17 described in the above embodiment.
For example, it is possible to use a detachable bush 14 as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 or to fix using a spring member 15 as in the embodiment shown in FIG. In these fixing methods, when the panel member 10 is fixed to the greenhouse structural member 20 with the bush 14 or the spring member 15, the fixing work is facilitated by using the jig 21 so that the panel member 10 does not float.

  FIG. 8 shows a case where a panel member 10X having a film 11X having different optical properties is installed on a part of a roof of a greenhouse. The panel member 10X extends a film 11X having a higher light shielding rate than the film 11 of the panel member 10, and is installed on a part of the south surface of the roof of the greenhouse. Thus, it is also effective to use different films 1111X having different optical properties between the south surface and the north surface of the roof of the greenhouse.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a panel member 10Y having a high-strength film 11Y stretched on a surface exposed to a strong wind seasonally (for example, the north surface) and a normal-strength film 11 on the other surface (for example, the south surface). A stretched panel member 10 can also be used.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a roof surface of a greenhouse called flat-type house in which a film is stretched flat on a metal frame.
A fixed transparent film 11 is stretched on the roof surface. The panel member 10 already described in FIGS. 1 to 9 is preferably disposed on the roof surface of the greenhouse.
The film 11 uses a material having a light blocking property with good transmittance in the visible light region, near infrared region, and far infrared region. Here, the reason why the transmittance in the visible light region is good is to allow the photosynthesis of the crops in the greenhouse to be performed well, and the reason why the transmittance in the near infrared region is good is the temperature inside the greenhouse in winter. The reason is that the near-infrared region included in the sunlight is captured in order to maintain high, and the transmittance in the far-infrared region is good because the radiation cooling in summer is effectively performed.

  On the roof surface of the greenhouse, a film winding device 30 that is generally marketed for ventilation of the greenhouse is installed. The film winding device 30 transmits a visible light region, a near infrared region, A second film 32 having the characteristic of blocking the far infrared region is attached. FIG. 10 shows a state during development. The state which looked at this state from the greenhouse wife side is shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the second film 32 having one end fixed to the uppermost portion (ridge portion) of the roof can be wound and stored by the film winding device 30 or can be spread over the entire roof surface. In addition, as an example of the commercially available film winding device 30, a new can kit (manual type) manufactured by Toto Kogyo Co., Ltd., or a DC motor for winding (electric type) manufactured by NAI SYSTEM CO., LTD. Can be used.

  As an example of the second film 32 having a characteristic of transmitting the visible light region and blocking the near infrared region and the far infrared region, vinyl chloride having absorption characteristics in the far infrared region is used for the film base, A resin coated with a resin having a near-infrared region blocking characteristic as disclosed in JP-A-2002-370319 can be used. As another embodiment, a film base material made of vinyl chloride having absorption characteristics in the far-infrared region and a near-infrared shielding member of Patent Document 3 laminated and fixed can be used. Moreover, even if the near-infrared region blocking member has a structure that is kneaded into the film base material itself, the same effects as those coated on the surface can be obtained.

  Here, the movement of unfolding and storing the second film 32 will be described. By winding and storing the second film 32 during the daytime in the winter, all the energy contained in the sunlight is taken into the greenhouse, and during nighttime in the winter, the black body radiation is emitted from the soil and crops in the greenhouse. By blocking the far-infrared rays caused by, the temperature inside the greenhouse due to radiation cooling is prevented. The second film 32 is unfolded during the daytime in the summer to prevent the solar energy unnecessary for photosynthesis from entering the greenhouse, and it is rolled up and stored during the summer at night to emit from the soil and crops in the greenhouse. Far-infrared rays from blackbody radiation escape toward outer space and radiate cooling.

  As still another embodiment according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 12, the film is rolled on the roof surface by using a film winding device 30 separately from the film 11 or the panel member 10 that is fixedly stretched on the roof surface. A third film 33 using a material that can be stored and transmits the visible light region and the far-infrared region and blocks the near-infrared region is attached, and deployed on the inside of the roof surface using a separate film winding device 30. A fourth film 34 using a material that can be stored and transmits the visible light region and the near infrared region and blocks the far infrared region is attached. FIG. 13A shows a state in which the third film 33 has been unfolded about half from the state of FIG. 12, and FIG. 13B shows a state in which the fourth film 34 has been unfolded almost entirely from the state of FIG. ing.

As the third film 33 having the characteristic of transmitting the visible light region and blocking the near infrared region, a polyolefin resin having a low absorption rate in the far infrared region is used as the film base material, and further, JP-A-2002-370319. A resin coated with a resin having a near-infrared region blocking characteristic as shown in the Japanese Patent Publication No. JP-A No. 2004-26853 can be used, or a film in which a polyolefin resin is similarly used for a film base and the near-infrared blocking member of Patent Document 3 is laminated and fixed. .
Vinyl chloride can be used as the fourth film 34 that transmits the visible light region and the near infrared region and blocks the far infrared region.

Here, the movement of unfolding and storing the third film 33 and the fourth film 34 will be described.
During winter daytime, as shown in FIG. 13 (a), the third film 33 is wound and stored, and the fourth film 34 is spread, so that the energy contained in sunlight (ultraviolet, visible light, near infrared) (Region) is taken into the greenhouse and far infrared rays due to black body radiation emitted from the surface of the soil and members in the greenhouse are blocked by the fourth film 34 to ensure heat retention.
At night in winter, as shown in FIG. 13 (b), the third film 33 and the fourth film 34 are deployed to cut off far-infrared radiation from black body radiation from soil and crops in the greenhouse. By preventing the temperature in the greenhouse from being lowered due to cooling and increasing the number of films, the heat conduction is reduced, so that the heat retaining property is enhanced.
During the summer day, as shown in FIG. 13C, the third film 33 is unfolded and the fourth film 34 is wound and stored, so that only the ultraviolet region and the visible light region of sunlight are taken into the greenhouse. The far-infrared rays from the black body radiation emitted from the surface of the soil and members in the greenhouse are not absorbed by the fixedly stretched film 11 and the third film 33, so that the radiation cooling effect is exerted in directions other than the sun even in the daytime. Can be put out.
As shown in FIG. 13D, the radiation cooling effect can be enhanced by winding and storing both the third film 33 and the fourth film 34 during the summer night.

The infrared blocking principle includes reflection and absorption, but the second film 32, the third film 33, and the fourth film 34 are coated with a coating mainly composed of reflection.
When reflecting infrared rays, there is no temperature rise in the film itself, so it is highly effective in suppressing the temperature rise during the daytime in the summer. Because the black body radiation is returned to the greenhouse as it is, the heat retention effect is high.
On the other hand, when absorbing infrared rays, the temperature of the 2nd film 32, the 3rd film 33, and the 4th film 34 itself rises. As a result, inflow of thermal energy from the second film 32 and the third film 33 outside the roof surface of the greenhouse to the inside of the greenhouse due to conduction heat occurs to some extent. Therefore, the summer daytime temperature rise suppression effect is slightly lower than the reflection. Moreover, regarding the radiant heat confinement effect in winter night, the temperature of the second film 32 and the third film 33 is almost equal to the outside air temperature, which is much higher than near absolute zero in outer space, Since it is a little lower than the temperature of the soil and members, the thermal insulation effect at night in winter is slightly lower than the reflection.
Actually, when the second film 32, the third film 33, and the fourth film 34 are manufactured, the absorption and reflection of infrared rays occur at the same time, and it is difficult to construct strictly by the reflection. In the case of, a higher effect is obtained by mainly using reflection.

  As still another embodiment of the present invention, as the second film 32 that can be unfolded and stored, a film that transmits the visible light region and blocks the infrared region and has the property of blocking the ultraviolet region is used. is there. By blocking the ultraviolet region, it is possible to obtain an effect of reducing diseases and insects caused by ultraviolet rays. Furthermore, by coating a member that blocks the ultraviolet region on the outside of the substrate film, the film substrate can be prevented from being deteriorated by ultraviolet rays and the effect of extending the life can be obtained. Photosynthesis also uses some light in the ultraviolet region, so the photosynthesis ability is slightly reduced, but more effects can be expected in diseases and insect damage and film life.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, a film that transmits the visible light region and the far infrared region and blocks the near infrared region and blocks the ultraviolet region is used as the third film 33. By blocking the ultraviolet region, it is possible to obtain an effect of reducing diseases and insects caused by ultraviolet rays. Furthermore, by coating a member that blocks the ultraviolet region on the outside of the substrate film, the film substrate can be prevented from being deteriorated by ultraviolet rays and the effect of extending the life can be obtained. Photosynthesis also uses some light in the ultraviolet region, so the photosynthesis ability is slightly reduced, but more effects can be expected in diseases and insect damage and film life.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the second film 32, the third film 33, and the fourth film 34 on the roof surface are automatically controlled. Specifically, it can be controlled uniquely according to the season and time with an annual timer, and sensors are installed inside and outside the greenhouse, and more appropriate control is performed according to the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the amount of solar radiation. You can also. For example, in the case of winter daytime when the amount of solar radiation is more than a certain level and the temperature in the greenhouse is high, the second film 32, the third film 33, and the fourth film 34 are deployed, and even in the summer daytime, When the temperature is low, the second film 32, the third film 33, and the fourth film 34 on the roof surface are wound and stored. In this case, the film winding device 30 is an electric type.

  As still another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 14, a second film 32 that can be unfolded and stored is installed inside the roof surface of a greenhouse. In the present embodiment, a lining film is installed on the ceiling portion of the greenhouse, and the second film 32 has a property of transmitting the visible light region and blocking the near infrared region and the far infrared region. Use film. In the present embodiment, when the temperature of the second film 32 itself rises, the heat leads to an increase in the temperature in the greenhouse. Therefore, in order to suppress the temperature rise in the daytime in summer, the principle of infrared shielding is that of reflection rather than absorption. Is definitely suitable. On the other hand, the function of suppressing radiative cooling at night in winter is that the heat remains effectively in the greenhouse even when the temperature of the second film 32 itself rises. An effect can be obtained. As a mechanism for opening and closing the second film 32, the above-described film winding device 30 may be used, or a wire-type lining curtain unfolding device may be used.

  Still another embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b). In the present embodiment, not only the roof surface of the greenhouse, but also the side surface has the same optical characteristics as the second film 32 having a characteristic of transmitting the visible light region and blocking the near infrared region and the far infrared region. The film 36 is used. In an ordinary greenhouse, a insect repellent net is installed on the side and a film take-up device 30 is provided on the outside to ensure ventilation. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is high, the film is taken up and the net is taken up. In this embodiment, the ventilation property is ensured. However, in this embodiment, the normal winding film itself has a light blocking property, and the film for adjusting the ventilation property is used as the film. .

  Yet another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, not only the roof surface of the greenhouse but also the side surface is applied with the film 36 having the same optical characteristics as the second film 32, and the film winding device 30 for the side film 37 that is normally developed on the side surface of the greenhouse. Separately, a film take-up device 30 is separately installed on the outside thereof, and a film 36 having the same optical characteristics as the second film 32 is developed. Moreover, the 3rd film 33 and the 4th film 34 are also applicable to each of the two film winding apparatuses 30 attached to the side surface.

  Still another embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The present embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a roof surface of a kamaboko type greenhouse called an arch pipe type. As described above, the present invention can be applied irrespective of the shape of the greenhouse main body such as a flat type or an arch pipe type.

  Still another embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The present embodiment is applied to the roof surface of a flat-type house to which the panel member 10 is fixed, thereby blocking both heat radiation by conduction heat and heat radiation by radiant heat, and the film developed on the roof surface during summer daytime. Even when 11 itself rises in temperature due to absorption of infrared rays, its conduction heat is difficult to be transmitted into the greenhouse. Also, the central top of the roof surface, the so-called ridge, has a stepped structure, and the hot air accumulated in the upper part of the greenhouse can be discharged outside the greenhouse by natural convection. With these structures, the temperature inside the greenhouse in winter can be kept higher, and the temperature inside the greenhouse in summer can be kept low.

Next, still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same member and description is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 21 shows a panel member used in this embodiment. FIG. 21 (a) is a plan view, FIG. 21 (b) is a perspective view, and FIG. 21 (c) is an XX in FIG. It is line sectional drawing.
As shown in FIG. 21, the panel member 10 has a transparent film 11 stretched on both sides of a frame 13, and one end 11 a of the film 11 and the other end 11 b of the film 11 are separated from the frame 13. The film 11 is brought into close contact with the frame 13 by heat welding outside.
One end 11a of the film 11 and the other end 11b of the film 11 extend from the frame 13 to form film extending pieces 11c, 11d, and 11e.
The film extension piece 11 c is formed along the long side of the frame 13, and the film extension pieces 11 d and 11 e are formed along the short side of the frame 13.
In the panel member 10 in the present embodiment, one film 11 is folded in half, and one long side of the frame 13 is brought into contact with the bent portion 11f of the film 11 so that one surface and the other surface of the frame 13 are in contact with each other. The film 11 is stretched and the film extension pieces 11c, 11d, and 11e extending from the frame 13 are heat-welded.

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of an agricultural greenhouse according to the present embodiment.
The roof surface of the greenhouse is formed by a first inclined roof surface 41 and a second inclined roof surface 42 having a different inclination angle from the first inclined roof surface 41.
In FIG. 22, two pairs of roof surfaces formed by the first inclined roof surface 41 and the second inclined roof surface 42 are provided with the first inclined roof surface 41 adjacent to each other.
The first inclined roof surface 41 and the second inclined roof surface 42 are formed by providing the panel member 10 together.
By making the height of the 1st ridge part 41H by the 1st inclined roof surface 41 and the height of the 2nd ridge part 42H by the 2nd inclined roof surface 42 differ, between the 1st ridge part 41H and the 2nd ridge part 42H. A ventilation part 43 is formed.

The height of the first eave portion 41L by the first inclined roof surface 41 and the height of the second eave portion 42L by the second inclined roof surface 42 are the same height. Moreover, the length W from the 1st ridge part 41H to the 1st eave part 41L by the 1st inclined roof surface 41 and the length W from the 2nd ridge part 42H to the 2nd eaves part 42L by the 2nd inclined roof surface 42 are shown. Is the length W of one piece of the panel member 10.
According to the agricultural greenhouse according to the present embodiment, the height of the first ridge portion 41H and the height of the second ridge portion 42H by the second inclined roof surface 42 are made different, and the ventilation portion 43 is formed with the ridge portion as a step structure. Since it forms, the hot air collected in the upper part in a greenhouse can be discharge | released out of a greenhouse from the ventilation part 43 by natural convection. Therefore, the vinyl temperature in summer can be kept low.
Further, according to the agricultural greenhouse according to the present embodiment, the height of the first eave portion 41L by the first inclined roof surface 41 and the height of the second eave portion 42L by the second inclined roof surface 42 are the same height, The length W from the first ridge portion 41H to the first eave portion 41L by the first inclined roof surface 41 and the length W from the second ridge portion 42H to the second eave portion 42L by the second inclined roof surface 42, By making the length W of one piece of the panel member 10, the panel member 10 having a single size can be used, and the panel member 10 is not stacked in the height direction, so that it is not necessary to work at a high place for a short period of time. Can be built in.

FIG. 23 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG.
The panel member 10 is placed on the rafter 22. A film fixing member 26 a is provided on the pillar 25 connecting the truss member 23 and the beam 24. The rafter 22 is placed on the purlin pipe 27.
Here, the rafters 22, the truss members 23, the beams 24, the pillars 25, and the film fixing members 26 a constitute the greenhouse structure member 20.
The film extension piece 11d of the panel member 10 is fixed to the film fixing member 26a.
Thus, according to the agricultural greenhouse by this Embodiment, by fixing the film extension piece 11d to the film fixing member 26a which is the greenhouse structural member 20, the eaves part of the panel member 10 (in FIG. 23). The gap formed below the second eaves part 42L) can be closed without using a dedicated closing member, and the hermeticity in the greenhouse can be secured.

FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG.
The beam 24 is provided with a film fixing member 26b.
Here, the film fixing member 26 b constitutes the greenhouse structural member 20.
The film extension piece 11d of the panel member 10 is fixed to the film fixing member 26b.
Thus, according to the agricultural greenhouse by this Embodiment, by fixing the film extension piece 11d to the film fixing member 26b which is the greenhouse structural member 20, the eaves part of the panel member 10 (in FIG. 24). The gap formed below the first eave portion 41L) can be closed without using a dedicated closing member, and the airtightness in the greenhouse can be secured.

FIG. 25 is an enlarged view of part C in FIG.
A film fixing member 26 c is provided at the upper end of the rafter 22 that forms the second inclined roof surface 42. The pillar 25 is provided with a film fixing member 26d.
Here, the film fixing members 26 c and 26 d constitute the greenhouse structural member 20.
The film extending piece 11e of the panel member 10 forming the second inclined roof surface 42 is fixed to the film fixing member 26c, and the film extending piece 11e of the panel member 10 forming the first inclined roof surface 41 is fixed to the film fixing member 26d. Fixed to.
Thus, according to the agricultural greenhouse according to the present embodiment, the film extending piece 11e is fixed to the film fixing members 26c and 26d, which are the greenhouse structural members 20, so that the ridge portion of the panel member 10 (FIG. 25, the gap formed below the first ridge 41H and the second ridge 42H) can be closed without using a dedicated closing member, and the hermeticity in the greenhouse can be secured.

26A is a view taken along the line YY in FIG. 22, FIG. 26B is an enlarged view of a portion D in FIG. 26A, and FIG. 26C is an E view in FIG. FIG.
As shown in FIG.26 (b), the film fixing member 26e is provided in the outer end surface of the rafter 22 arrange | positioned at the edge part of a greenhouse. The film fixing member 26e constitutes the greenhouse structural member 20.
The film extension piece 11c of the panel member 10 arrange | positioned at the edge part of the roof surface of a greenhouse is fixed to the film fixing member 26e.
In FIG. 26B, a plate-like elastic body 28 having a low thermal conductivity is sandwiched and fixed between the panel member 10 and the rafter 22.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 26C, the film extension piece 11 c formed on one panel member 10 is sandwiched and fixed between the other adjacent panel member 10 and the rafter 22. A plate-like elastic body 28 is sandwiched and fixed between the film extending piece 11 c and the rafter 22. The elastic body 28 is also sandwiched and fixed between the panel member 10 and the rafter 22. Thus, by providing the elastic body 28 with low thermal conductivity between the panel member 10 and the rafter 22, waterproofness, airtightness, and heat insulation can be improved. That is, it is possible to eliminate the leakage of rainwater into the greenhouse from between one panel member 10 and the other panel member 10 and the movement of air into and out of the greenhouse. Further, it is possible to prevent heat from the frame of the panel member 10 from being transmitted to the rafter 22 which is the greenhouse structure member 20. By improving airtightness and heat insulation, it is possible to further improve heat insulation in summer and heat insulation in winter.
The elastic body 28 has at least the length W of one piece of the panel member 10.
As described above, according to the agricultural greenhouse according to the present embodiment, the film extending piece 11c is fixed to the film fixing member 26e, which is the greenhouse structural member 20, so that it can be formed on the side of the roof surface of the greenhouse. The gap can be closed without using a dedicated closing member, and the hermeticity in the greenhouse can be secured.
Moreover, according to the agricultural greenhouse by this Embodiment, the clearance gap between the adjacent panel members 10 can be block | closed without using an exclusive obstruction | occlusion member, and the airtightness in a greenhouse can be ensured.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it is possible to provide an agricultural greenhouse with a double film structure that does not require ventilation and does not need to work at a high place on the roof, and can be applied to greenhouses other than agriculture.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Panel member 11 Film 11c, 11d, 11e Film extension piece 13 Frame 14 Bush 15 Spring member 16 Nut 17 Screw member 18 Metal spring 19 Rubber elastic body 20 Greenhouse structural member 21 Jig 26a, 26b, 26c, 26d, 26e Film fixing member 30 Film winding device 32 Second film 33 Third film 34 Fourth film 36 Film 37 Side film 41 First inclined roof surface 41H First ridge 41L First eaves 42 Second inclined roof 42H Building part 42L 2nd eaves part 43 Ventilation part

Claims (15)

A panel member in which a transparent film is stretched on both sides of a rectangular frame having a certain thickness to form an air insulation layer is detachable from the greenhouse structural member in units of the panel member, and the film is removed from the frame. extending out was to form a film extending piece, agricultural vinyl house said film extending piece and said solid Teisu Rukoto in greenhouses structural member.   The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein the films or the film and the frame are fixed by heat fusion. The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the panel member can be fixed to the greenhouse structural member from the inside of the greenhouse. A material having a high transmittance in the visible light region, the near infrared region, and the far infrared region is used as the film, and a second film that can be unfolded and stored on the roof surface is provided separately from the film. The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a material that transmits the visible light region and blocks the near infrared region and the far infrared region is used. A material having a high transmittance in the visible light region, the near infrared region, and the far infrared region is used as the film, and the visible light region and the far infrared region are transmitted separately from the film, and the near infrared region is A third film using a material to be blocked, and a fourth film using a material that transmits the visible light region and the near infrared region and blocks the far infrared region are provided, and the third film and the first film The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the four films are provided on the roof surface so that they can be unfolded and stored. The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 4 , wherein the infrared shielding material of the second film is mainly composed of a shielding method based on a reflection principle. The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 5 , wherein the infrared shielding material of the third film and the fourth film is mainly composed of a shielding method based on a reflection principle. The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 4 or 6 , wherein a material that blocks an ultraviolet region in addition to the infrared region is used for the second film. The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 5 or 7 , wherein a material that blocks an ultraviolet region in addition to the near infrared region is used as the third film. 9. The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 4, wherein the second film is automatically unfolded and stored in accordance with a temperature condition and a sunlight condition. 10. The agricultural product according to claim 5, wherein the third film and the fourth film are automatically unfolded and stored according to a temperature condition and a sunlight condition. vinyl house. The agricultural vinyl according to claim 4, 6, 8, or 10 , wherein the second film is used not only on the roof surface but also on a side surface of the agricultural greenhouse. House. The said 3rd film and the said 4th film were used not only on the said roof surface of the said greenhouse for agriculture but on the side surface , The claim 7, the claim 9, the claim 11, or the claim 11 The agricultural greenhouse described. A roof surface is formed by a first inclined roof surface and a second inclined roof surface having a different inclination angle from the first inclined roof surface, and the first inclined roof surface and the second inclined roof surface are the panel members. The height of the first ridge portion due to the first inclined roof surface and the height of the second ridge portion due to the second inclined roof surface are made different from each other. A ventilation part is formed between the first and second ridges, and the height of the first eave portion by the first inclined roof surface is the same as the height of the second eave portion by the second inclined roof surface, and the first inclined roof The length from the first ridge part to the first eave part by the surface and the length from the second ridge part to the second eave part by the second inclined roof surface are one piece of the panel member The agricultural greenhouse according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the length of   The agricultural greenhouse according to claim 1, wherein a plate-like elastic body is sandwiched between the film extension piece and the greenhouse structural member.