JP6424892B2 - 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリング用ターゲット、及びそれを用いて得られる酸化物半導体薄膜 - Google Patents
酸化物焼結体、スパッタリング用ターゲット、及びそれを用いて得られる酸化物半導体薄膜 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6424892B2 JP6424892B2 JP2016529623A JP2016529623A JP6424892B2 JP 6424892 B2 JP6424892 B2 JP 6424892B2 JP 2016529623 A JP2016529623 A JP 2016529623A JP 2016529623 A JP2016529623 A JP 2016529623A JP 6424892 B2 JP6424892 B2 JP 6424892B2
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Description
100×I[GaInO3相(111)]/{I[In2O3相(400)]+I[GaInO3相(111)]} [%]・・・・式1
本発明の酸化物焼結体は、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相と、In2O3相以外の生成相としてβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相、あるいはβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相と(Ga,In)2O3相によって構成されることが好ましい。酸化物焼結体がIn2O3相のみによって構成されると、前記正二価元素Mの含有に関係なく、例えば特許文献3(WO2003/014409号公報)の比較例11と同様にノジュールが発生する。一方、前記のNiGa2O4相、CoGa2O4相、CaGa4O7相、Ca5Ga6O14相、SrGa12O19相、SrGa2O4相、Sr3Ga2O6相、Ga2PbO4相、又はこれらの複合酸化物相は、In2O3相やGaInO3相と比較して電気抵抗値が高いため、スパッタリング成膜で掘れ残りやすくノジュールが発生しやすい。また、これらの相が生成した酸化物焼結体を用いてスパッタリング成膜された酸化物半導体薄膜は、キャリア移動度が低くなる傾向にある。
(式中、I[In2O3相(400)]は、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相の(400)ピーク強度であり、I[GaInO3相(111)]は、β−Ga2O3型構造の複合酸化物β−GaInO3相(111)ピーク強度を示す。)
本発明の酸化物焼結体は、酸化インジウム粉末と酸化ガリウム粉末からなる酸化物粉末、ならびに前記正二価元素Mの酸化物粉末を原料粉末とする。
本発明のターゲットは、上記酸化物焼結体を所定の大きさに切断、表面を研磨加工し、バッキングプレートに接着して得ることができる。ターゲット形状は、平板形が好ましいが、円筒形でもよい。円筒形ターゲットを用いる場合には、ターゲット回転によるパーティクル発生を抑制することが好ましい。
本発明の非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜は、前記のスパッタリング用ターゲットを用いて、スパッタリング法で基板上に一旦非晶質の薄膜を形成し、次いで熱処理を施すことによって得られる。
得られた酸化物焼結体の金属元素の組成をICP発光分光法によって調べた。得られた酸化物焼結体の端材を用いて、X線回折装置(フィリップス製)を用いて粉末法による生成相の同定を行った。
得られた酸化物薄膜の組成をICP発光分光法によって調べた。酸化物薄膜の膜厚は表面粗さ計(テンコール社製)で測定した。成膜速度は、膜厚と成膜時間から算出した。酸化物薄膜のキャリア濃度および移動度は、ホール効果測定装置(東陽テクニカ製)によって求めた。膜の生成相はX線回折測定によって同定した。
(焼結体の作製および評価)
酸化インジウム粉末と酸化ガリウム粉末、ならびに正二価元素Mとして酸化ニッケル粉末を平均粒径1.5μm以下となるよう調整して原料粉末とした。これらの原料粉末を、表1の実施例及び比較例のGa/(In+Ga)原子数比、M/(In+Ga+M)原子数比の通りになるように調合し、水とともに樹脂製ポットに入れ、湿式ボールミルで混合した。この際、硬質ZrO2ボールを用い、混合時間を18時間とした。混合後、スラリーを取り出し、濾過、乾燥、造粒した。造粒物を、冷間静水圧プレスで3ton/cm2の圧力をかけて成形した。
前記正二価元素Mとして酸化コバルト(II)、酸化カルシウム(II)、酸化ストロンチウム(II)、酸化鉛(II)を用いたこと以外、正二価元素MがNiの場合と同様に酸化物焼結体の作製を行い、組成分析、相同定を行い、β−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相のX線回折ピーク強度比を算出した。その結果を、酸化コバルト(II)を用いた場合を表2に、酸化カルシウム(II)を用いた場合を表3に、酸化ストロンチウム(II)を用いた場合を表4に酸化鉛(II)を用いた場合を表5に示した。なお、組成分析において、金属元素について、原料粉末の配合時の仕込み組成とほぼ同じであることがいずれの実施例でも確認された。
各実施例及び比較例では基板温度200℃で直流スパッタリングによる成膜を行った。アーキング抑制機能のない直流電源を装備した直流マグネトロンスパッタリング装置(トッキ製)のカソードに、上記スパッタリングターゲットを取り付けた。このときターゲット−基板(ホルダー)間距離を60mmに固定した。1×10−4Pa以下まで真空排気後、アルゴンと酸素の混合ガスを各ターゲットのガリウム量に応じて適当な酸素の比率になるように導入し、ガス圧を0.6Paに調整した。直流電力300W(1.64W/cm2)を印加して直流プラズマを発生させた。10分間のプリスパッタリング後、スパッタリングターゲットの直上、すなわち静止対向位置に基板を配置して、膜厚50nmの酸化物薄膜を形成した。得られた酸化物薄膜の組成は、ターゲットとほぼ同じであることが確認された。また、X線回折測定の結果、非晶質であることが確認された。得られた非晶質の酸化物薄膜には、RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing)装置を用いて、酸化雰囲気中、250〜600℃において30分間以内の熱処理を施した。熱処理後の酸化物薄膜は、X線回折測定の結果、非晶質であることが確認された。得られた非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜のホール効果測定を行い、キャリア濃度および移動度を求めた。得られた評価結果を、表6〜表10にまとめて記載した。
実施例2、10、14及び比較例3、6のスパッタリング用ターゲットについて、量産を模擬したスパッタリング成膜によるノジュール発生の評価を実施した。スパッタリング装置は、アーキング抑制機能のない直流電源を装備したロードロック式通過型マグネトロンスパッタリング装置(アルバック製)を用いた。ターゲットは、縦5インチ、横15インチの角型のターゲットを用いた。スパッタリング成膜評価スパッタ室を7×10−5Pa以下まで真空排気後、アルゴンと酸素の混合ガスを各ターゲットのガリウム量に応じて適当な酸素の比率になるように導入し、ガス圧を0.6Paに調整した。このような条件のスパッタリングガスを選択した理由は、スパッタ室の真空度が1×10−4Paを超えてチャンバー内の水分圧が高い、あるいは水素ガスが添加される場合には、正当な評価ができなくなるためである。ITOなどでよく知られるように膜中に水分や水素ガス由来のH+が取り込まれると膜の結晶化温度が高くなり、ターゲット非エロージョン部に付着する膜が非晶質化し易くなる。その結果、膜応力が低下するため非エロージョン部から剥がれにくくなり、ノジュールが発生し難くなる。直流電力は、一般に量産で採用される直流電力密度は3〜6W/cm2程度であることを考慮し、2500W(直流電力密度5.17W/cm2)とした。
ノジュール発生評価は、上記条件にて、50kWhの連続スパッタリング放電後に、ターゲット表面を観察し、ノジュール発生の有無を評価した。
表1〜表5に示すように、実施例1〜29のガリウム含有量がGa/(In+Ga)原子数比で0.20以上0.45以下であり、前記正二価元素Mの含有量がM/(In+Ga+M)原子数比で0.0001以上0.05以下の場合には、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相と、In2O3相以外の生成相としてβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相、あるいはβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相と(Ga,In)2O3相によって構成されていた。
Claims (9)
- インジウム、ガリウム及び正二価元素を酸化物として含有し、
前記ガリウムの含有量がGa/(In+Ga)原子数比で0.20以上0.45以下であり、
前記正二価元素全体の含有量がM/(In+Ga+M)原子数比で0.0001以上0.05以下であり、
前記正二価元素が、ニッケル、コバルト、カルシウム、ストロンチウム及び鉛からなる群より選択される一つ以上であり、
ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相と、In2O3相以外の生成相としてβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相、あるいはβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相と(Ga,In)2O3相によって構成され、
前記正二価元素とガリウムからなる複合酸化物の相であるNiGa2O4相、CoGa2O4相、CaGa4O7相、Ca5Ga6O14相、SrGa12O19相、SrGa2O4相、Sr3Ga2O6相、Ga2PbO4相、又はこれらの複合酸化物相を含まないことを特徴とする酸化物焼結体。 - 前記正二価元素全体の含有量がM/(In+Ga+M)原子数比で0.0001以上0.03以下である請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記ガリウムの含有量がGa/(In+Ga)原子数比で0.20以上0.30以下である請求項1又は2に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記正二価元素以外の正二価元素、及び、インジウムとガリウム以外の正三価から正六価の元素、を実質的に含有しない請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 下記の式1で定義されるβ−Ga2O3型構造のGaInO3相のX線回折ピーク強度比が29%以上75%以下の範囲である請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体。
100×I[GaInO3相(111)]/{I[In2O3相(400)]+I[GaInO3相(111)]} [%]・・・・式1
(式中、I[In2O3相(400)]は、ビックスバイト型構造のIn2O3相の(400)ピーク強度であり、I[GaInO3相(111)]は、β−Ga2O3型構造の複合酸化物β−GaInO3相(111)ピーク強度を示す。) - 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の酸化物焼結体を加工して得られるスパッタリング用ターゲット。
- 請求項6に記載のスパッタリング用ターゲットを用いてスパッタリング法によって基板上に非晶質の薄膜を形成し、その後、熱処理する、非晶質の酸化物半導体薄膜の製造方法。
- 前記酸化物半導体薄膜のキャリア移動度が10cm2V−1sec−1以上である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記酸化物半導体薄膜のキャリア濃度が3.0×1018cm−3未満である、請求項7又は8に記載の方法。
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| KR101024177B1 (ko) | 2001-08-02 | 2011-03-22 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 스퍼터링 타겟, 투명 전도막 및 이들의 제조방법 |
| JP4351036B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-15 | 2009-10-28 | 日鉱金属株式会社 | スパッタリングターゲット |
| EP1737044B1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2014-12-10 | Japan Science and Technology Agency | Amorphous oxide and thin film transistor |
| JP4816116B2 (ja) * | 2006-02-08 | 2011-11-16 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | スパッタリングターゲット用酸化物焼結体および、それを用いて得られる酸化物膜、それを含む透明基材 |
| JP4779798B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-11 | 2011-09-28 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、ターゲット、およびそれを用いて得られる透明導電膜 |
| WO2008117739A1 (ja) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | 半導体デバイス、多結晶半導体薄膜、多結晶半導体薄膜の製造方法、電界効果型トランジスタ、及び、電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法 |
| JPWO2008136505A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-08 | 2010-07-29 | 出光興産株式会社 | 半導体デバイス及び薄膜トランジスタ、並びに、それらの製造方法 |
| WO2009008297A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-15 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | 酸化物焼結体とその製造方法、ターゲット、及びそれを用いて得られる透明導電膜ならびに透明導電性基材 |
| KR100922756B1 (ko) * | 2008-02-13 | 2009-10-21 | 삼성모바일디스플레이주식회사 | 전극, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 구비한 전자 소자 |
| CN101960625B (zh) * | 2008-03-06 | 2013-01-23 | 住友金属矿山株式会社 | 半导体发光元件、该半导体发光元件的制造方法以及使用该半导体发光元件的灯 |
| CN102105619B (zh) * | 2008-06-06 | 2014-01-22 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 氧化物薄膜用溅射靶及其制造方法 |
| JPWO2010032422A1 (ja) | 2008-09-19 | 2012-02-02 | 出光興産株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体及びスパッタリングターゲット |
| JP5442234B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-24 | 2014-03-12 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置及び表示装置 |
| JP2010165922A (ja) * | 2009-01-16 | 2010-07-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 電界効果型トランジスタ、電界効果型トランジスタの製造方法及び半導体素子の製造方法 |
| EP3540772A1 (en) | 2009-09-16 | 2019-09-18 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Transistor and display device |
| JP5763064B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-02 | 2015-08-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | スパッタリングターゲット |
| JP5414632B2 (ja) * | 2010-06-30 | 2014-02-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | スパッタリングターゲット |
| JP2012144410A (ja) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-08-02 | Kobelco Kaken:Kk | 酸化物焼結体およびスパッタリングターゲット |
| TWI495615B (zh) * | 2012-09-28 | 2015-08-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | p型金屬氧化物半導體材料 |
| JP5907086B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-06 | 2016-04-20 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化インジウム系の酸化物焼結体およびその製造方法 |
| JP6424892B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-26 | 2018-11-21 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリング用ターゲット、及びそれを用いて得られる酸化物半導体薄膜 |
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| WO2015199121A1 (ja) | 2015-12-30 |
| TWI552976B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
| TWI550145B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
| CN106458759A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106414366A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
| JPWO2015199121A1 (ja) | 2017-06-08 |
| JPWO2015199122A1 (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
| JP6424893B2 (ja) | 2018-11-21 |
| KR20170024579A (ko) | 2017-03-07 |
| TW201608066A (zh) | 2016-03-01 |
| WO2015199122A1 (ja) | 2015-12-30 |
| US20170137324A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
| US20170130329A1 (en) | 2017-05-11 |
| US10000842B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
| KR20170023801A (ko) | 2017-03-06 |
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