JP6440966B2 - グルコース製造方法 - Google Patents
グルコース製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6440966B2 JP6440966B2 JP2014097515A JP2014097515A JP6440966B2 JP 6440966 B2 JP6440966 B2 JP 6440966B2 JP 2014097515 A JP2014097515 A JP 2014097515A JP 2014097515 A JP2014097515 A JP 2014097515A JP 6440966 B2 JP6440966 B2 JP 6440966B2
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- glucose
- saliva
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- cellulose
- raw material
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
- 230000009229 glucose formation Effects 0.000 title claims description 32
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 claims description 123
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 79
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 73
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 65
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 12
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000283074 Equus asinus Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000022676 rumination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000015212 rumination disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 78
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 65
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 64
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000001461 cytolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 16
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000703 high-speed centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282832 Camelidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002414 normal-phase solid-phase extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000002109 Argyria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282836 Camelus dromedarius Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010008885 Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010056771 Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004366 Glucosidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012773 Laboratory assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012505 Superdex™ Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012156 elution solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003028 enzyme activity measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001641 gel filtration chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004252 protein component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007974 sodium acetate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/02—Monosaccharides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K1/00—Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups
- C13K1/02—Glucose; Glucose-containing syrups obtained by saccharification of cellulosic materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Description
実施例1においては、生物の唾液としてウシの唾液を用いてグルコースの生成を行った。
実施例2においては、生物唾液由来の活性助剤としてウシ唾液から有機化合物を抽出した活性助剤溶液を用いてグルコースの生成を行った。
実施例3においては、生物の唾液としてロバの唾液を用いてグルコースの生成を行った。なお、比較として、同じ条件にてウシの唾液を用いたグルコースの生成も行った。
実施例4においては、ウシ唾液の濃度とグルコースの収集量の関係を検討するべく、ウシ唾液の原液を100%とした0〜10%の濃度のウシ唾液についてグルコースの生成を行った。
実施例5においては、インキュベーション時間とグルコースの収集量との関係を検討するべく、インキュベーション時間を0〜72時間の間で変化させてグルコースの生成を行った。
実施例6においては、水溶性のセルロース原料に対して、本発明のグルコース製造方法を適用した場合のグルコースの生成量を検討するべく、セルロース原料としてカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、ナカライテクス社製)を用いてグルコースの生成を行った。
実施例7においては、ウシ唾液の具体的な作用効果について説明する。なお、本発明者等は予備的な実験として、ウシ唾液のセルロース原料の結晶形への影響を検討したところ、ウシ唾液はセルロース原料の結晶形には影響を与えないことが明らかとなった。さらに、ウシ唾液の静的表面張力を測定して、ウシ唾液が界面活性作用を有していることが明らかとなった。
実施例8においては、生物唾液由来の活性助剤の特性をより詳細に検討するべく、ウシ唾液の変性および分子量分画を行ったものを活性助剤溶液として用いグルコースの生成を行った。
実施例9においては、生物唾液由来の活性助剤の成分を特定するべく、ウシ唾液に対してゲル濾過クロマトグラフィーによる分子サイズ分画を行ったものを活性助剤溶液として用いグルコースの生成を行った。
試料:ウシ唾液
試料注入量:4mL
カラム:HiLoad 16/600 Superdex 200 prep grade(GE Healthcare社製)
溶離液:150mM塩化ナトリウム水溶液
流速:1mL/min
溶出液分取:5mL×24本(Fraction No.1〜24)
なお、以降、分取した24本の溶出液は、それぞれFraction No.1〜24と称する。
基質:2wt%基質/100mM酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH=4.0)
セルロース分解酵素:100μg/mLのCellulase from Trichderma Viride(SigmaAldrih社製)
唾液溶液:40μg/mL
溶出希釈液:タンパク質濃度40μg/mLのサンプルA〜EおよびサンプルMix
S2 酵素分解工程
S3 グルコース精製工程
C セルロース原料
Claims (3)
- セルロースを、セルロース分解酵素と、反芻を行う動物またはロバの唾液または3kD以上のタンパク質含有画分からなる生物唾液由来の活性助剤との混合物を用いて分解することを特徴とするグルコース製造方法。
- 前記生物唾液由来の活性助剤が、反芻を行う動物の唾液から抽出されてなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のグルコース製造方法。
- 前記反芻を行う動物の唾液が、ウシ、ラクダ、ヒツジ、ヤギの唾液であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のグルコース製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014097515A JP6440966B2 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-09 | グルコース製造方法 |
| PCT/JP2014/063173 WO2014185546A1 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-19 | グルコース製造方法およびこの方法により製造されたグルコース |
| CN201480028197.8A CN105408491B (zh) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-19 | 葡萄糖制造方法以及通过该方法制造的葡萄糖 |
| KR1020157035081A KR20160011192A (ko) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-19 | 글루코스 제조 방법 및 이 방법으로 제조된 글루코스 |
| EP14797675.7A EP2998403A4 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-19 | GLUCOSE PRODUCTION PROCESSES AND GLUCOSE DERIVED THEREFOR |
| US14/891,952 US10119156B2 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-19 | Glucose production method and glucose produced by said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013105209 | 2013-05-17 | ||
| JP2013105209 | 2013-05-17 | ||
| JP2013148545 | 2013-07-17 | ||
| JP2013148545 | 2013-07-17 | ||
| JP2013234006 | 2013-11-12 | ||
| JP2013234006 | 2013-11-12 | ||
| JP2014097515A JP6440966B2 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-09 | グルコース製造方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2015116184A JP2015116184A (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
| JP6440966B2 true JP6440966B2 (ja) | 2018-12-19 |
Family
ID=51898515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014097515A Expired - Fee Related JP6440966B2 (ja) | 2013-05-17 | 2014-05-09 | グルコース製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10119156B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2998403A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6440966B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20160011192A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN105408491B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014185546A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20160015259A (ko) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-02-12 | 엑테이브 코포레이션 | 글루코스 제조 방법 및 이 방법으로 제조된 글루코스 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009118302A2 (en) | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Automotive fuel compositions |
| BRPI0910491A2 (pt) | 2008-04-14 | 2015-08-18 | Basf Se | Métodos para produzir uma solução de glicose aquosa e uma substância orgânica por fermentação, solução de glicose, glúten, usos de uma solução de glicose e de um glúten, e, composição alimentícia. |
| GB2461091A (en) * | 2008-06-20 | 2009-12-23 | Compton Developments Ltd | Using a sandalwood extract or analogue as an animal foodstuff additive |
| CN101603065A (zh) * | 2009-05-26 | 2009-12-16 | 三峡大学 | 一种利用纤维素复合酶系生产葡萄糖和纤维二糖的方法 |
| US8911976B2 (en) | 2010-03-08 | 2014-12-16 | Forestry And Forest Products Research Institute | Lignin-based enzyme stabilizer |
| JP2012085544A (ja) | 2010-10-15 | 2012-05-10 | Taisei Corp | 草本系バイオマスの糖化方法 |
| US20140112889A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-04-24 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Method for reducing methane production in a ruminant animal |
-
2014
- 2014-05-09 JP JP2014097515A patent/JP6440966B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-19 KR KR1020157035081A patent/KR20160011192A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2014-05-19 WO PCT/JP2014/063173 patent/WO2014185546A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2014-05-19 CN CN201480028197.8A patent/CN105408491B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-19 US US14/891,952 patent/US10119156B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-05-19 EP EP14797675.7A patent/EP2998403A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2998403A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
| CN105408491A (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
| US10119156B2 (en) | 2018-11-06 |
| JP2015116184A (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
| CN105408491B (zh) | 2019-11-12 |
| EP2998403A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| WO2014185546A1 (ja) | 2014-11-20 |
| KR20160011192A (ko) | 2016-01-29 |
| US20160090613A1 (en) | 2016-03-31 |
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