JP6465052B2 - Material testing equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present application relates to a material testing apparatus.

  There is a material testing device that delivers a test piece stocked in a magazine in a thermostat to a chuck and applies a test load to the test piece via the chuck.

  In addition, there is a metal thermal fatigue testing machine in which a high frequency heating coil is provided around a test piece to heat the test piece, and an injection nozzle that blows cold air on the test piece is disposed.

JP-A-60-114740 JP 2008-058017 A

  In a material testing apparatus that performs a material test by applying a mechanical load to a test piece in a thermostatic chamber, heat (heat and cold) applied to the test piece causes a load member (mechanical load shaft) to apply the mechanical load to the test piece. ) May escape. In particular, the responsiveness when cold heat is applied to the test piece is low, and since the cold heat of the test piece escapes to the shaft member, it is necessary to apply the cold heat including the shaft member. That is, it is necessary to arrange not only the test piece but also the shaft member in the thermostatic chamber, resulting in an increase in the size of the thermostatic chamber.

  Further, in the constant temperature bath of the material testing apparatus, various members such as a heating device and a cooling device for adjusting the temperature in the bath and a fan for circulating air are arranged inside the constant temperature bath. For this reason, the heat capacity in the thermostatic chamber, that is, the combined thermostatic chamber and these various members is increased.

  Therefore, in a material testing apparatus using a thermostatic chamber, it is easy to equalize the temperature of the test piece, but the time to reach the target temperature of the test piece and the time until the temperature can be stabilized and the test can be started become longer. Sometimes.

  On the other hand, in the structure in which the test piece is heated at a high frequency or cooled with gas, it is easy to heat or cool the test piece in a short time. However, since heat is locally applied to a part of the test piece, the temperature unevenness of the test piece becomes large.

  Thus, it is difficult to achieve both heating and cooling of the test piece in a short time and equalization of the temperature of the test piece.

  In consideration of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to heat and cool a test piece in a short time and to make the temperature of the test piece uniform in performing a test by applying a mechanical load to the test piece.

In the first aspect, a load member that includes a holding portion that holds the test piece and applies a mechanical load to the test piece, and the test piece or the test piece and a part of the load member on the holding portion side are provided. accommodated, a test chamber in which the exhaust ports are formed for discharging the gas to the outside, surrounds the test piece held by the load member such that said flow of said gas temperature adjusted is generated A spray member that blows the gas into the test tank from a nozzle facing between the test piece and the inner surface of the test tank.

In this material testing apparatus, in a state where the test piece is held by the holding part of the load member, the temperature-adjusted gas is formed between the test piece and the inner surface of the test tank so that a gas flow surrounding the test piece is generated . Spray into the test chamber from the nozzle facing in between . This gas heats or cools the test piece and is discharged from the exhaust port to the outside of the test chamber. The test piece can be tested by applying a mechanical load to the test piece with the load member.

  The test tank accommodates the test piece or a part of the test piece and the load member on the holding portion side, and does not accommodate the entire load member. Compared with a structure in which all of the load members are accommodated in the test tank, the test tank can be downsized, so that the test piece can be heated and cooled in a short time.

  Since the temperature-adjusted gas flow surrounding the test piece is generated by the spray member, the temperature of the test piece can be made uniform as compared with a configuration in which such a gas flow is not generated.

  In addition, the “part on the holding portion side” accommodated in the test tank in the load member has substantially no portion present inside the test tank, and only the end surface of the load member is exposed in the test tank. This includes cases that are in a state.

  In a second aspect, in the first aspect, the spray member is an introduction member that introduces a temperature-adjusted gas between the test piece held by the load member and the inner surface of the test tank.

  The introduction member as the spray member introduces the temperature-adjusted gas between the test piece held by the load member and the inner surface of the test tank, so that the temperature-adjusted gas flow surrounding the test piece is effective. Can be generated. Thereby, the temperature of a test piece can be made uniform.

According to a third aspect, in the second aspect, the introduction member has a pipe that penetrates the inner wall of the test tank, the gas flows through the inside, and the nozzle is formed.

  Since the introduction member can be constituted by a pipe in which a nozzle is formed, the structure of the spray member is simple.

In the first aspect, gas is blown into the test chamber from a nozzle facing between the test piece and the inner surface of the test chamber.

  The gas can be introduced between the test piece and the inner surface of the test tank with a simple structure in which the nozzle faces the test piece and the inner surface of the test tank.

According to a fourth aspect, in any one of the first to third aspects, the gas discharge direction of the exhaust port with respect to the gas blowing direction into the test tank is 90 degrees to 180 degrees.

  Compared to a structure with an exhaust port whose gas discharge direction is 0 degree or more and less than 90 degrees, the gas in the test tank is less likely to come out of the test tank from the exhaust port, thus promoting the circulation of gas in the test tank The temperature of the test piece can be made uniform in a short time.

In the fifth aspect, a load member that includes a holding portion that holds a test piece and applies a mechanical load to the test piece, and the test piece or the test piece and a part of the load member on the holding portion side are provided. accommodated, a test chamber in which the exhaust ports are formed for discharging the gas to the outside, surrounds the test piece held by the load member such that said flow of said gas temperature adjusted is generated A spraying member for spraying the gas into the test chamber from a nozzle facing the test piece .
In this material testing apparatus, in a state where the test piece is held by the holding portion of the load member, the temperature-adjusted gas is supplied from the nozzle facing the test piece so that a gas flow surrounding the test piece is generated. Spray into the test chamber. This gas heats or cools the test piece and is discharged from the exhaust port to the outside of the test chamber. The test piece can be tested by applying a mechanical load to the test piece with the load member.
The test tank contains the test piece or a part of the test piece and the load member on the holding portion side, and does not contain the entire load member. Compared with a structure in which all of the load members are accommodated in the test tank, the test tank can be downsized, so that the test piece can be heated and cooled in a short time.
Since the temperature-adjusted gas flow surrounding the test piece is generated by the spray member, the temperature of the test piece can be made uniform as compared with a configuration in which such a gas flow is not generated.
In addition, the “part on the holding portion side” accommodated in the test tank in the load member has substantially no portion present inside the test tank, and only the end surface of the load member is exposed in the test tank. This includes cases that are in a state.
In a sixth aspect, in a first aspect, the nozzles are more disposed distributed around the test piece held by the load member, the gas whose temperature is adjusted toward the test piece Spray.

  Since the spraying member sprays the temperature-adjusted gas from the nozzle toward the test piece, the temperature of the test piece can be changed quickly.

  There are a plurality of nozzles, which are distributed around the test piece held by the load member. Thereby, compared with the structure which sprays the temperature-controlled gas from one nozzle toward a test piece, the flow of the temperature-controlled gas surrounding a test piece can be produced | generated effectively. Thereby, the temperature of the test piece sprayed with gas can be made uniform.

In the fifth aspect, the nozzle faces the test piece.

  Therefore, compared with the structure in which the nozzle is not opposed to the test piece, the gas can be blown directly toward the test piece, and the temperature of the test piece can be changed more rapidly.

In a seventh aspect, in the fifth or sixth aspect, the nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the test piece.

  Therefore, it is possible to make the temperature of the test piece sprayed with gas symmetrized as compared with the configuration in which the nozzles are asymmetrically distributed around the test piece.

In an eighth aspect, in any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, the spray member passes through one of the opposing inner walls of the test tank and flows to the other of the inner walls, and the gas flows through the inside. A pipe in which a nozzle is formed.

  Since the spray member can be constituted by a pipe in which a nozzle is formed, the structure of the spray member is simple.

In a ninth aspect, in any one of the fifth to eighth aspects, the gas discharge direction of the exhaust port is in the direction of blowing the gas from the nozzle located relatively close to the exhaust port. On the other hand, it is 90 degrees or more and less than 180 degrees.

  Compared to a structure with an exhaust port whose gas discharge direction is 0 degree or more and less than 90 degrees, the gas in the test tank is less likely to come out of the test tank from the exhaust port, thus promoting the circulation of gas in the test tank The temperature of the test piece can be made uniform in a short time.

According to a tenth aspect, in the ninth aspect, the exhaust port is formed in the test tank in a direction of an angle bisector formed by adjacent gas flows from the plurality of nozzles.

  Therefore, the symmetry of the gas flow around the test piece is improved, and a gas flow with little bias is likely to occur along the surface of the test piece. Thereby, a test piece can be heated and cooled more uniformly and rapidly.

In an eleventh aspect, in the third or eighth aspect, a plurality of the nozzles are formed along the longitudinal direction of the pipe.

  Since gas is blown from a plurality of nozzles formed along the longitudinal direction of the pipe, compared to a structure in which only one nozzle is formed on the pipe, the temperature variation of the test piece is reduced and the temperature is made uniform. be able to.

In a twelfth aspect, in the third or eighth aspect, the load member is a pair of dynamic load shafts that sandwich and hold the test piece in the holding portion, and the pipe is parallel to the dynamic load axis. Is arranged.

  Since the dynamic load axis and the pipe are parallel, the plurality of nozzles are located along the dynamic load axis. Since the gas is blown along the axial direction of the dynamic load shaft, the temperature unevenness of the test piece can be reduced and the temperature of the test piece can be made uniform.

In a thirteenth aspect, in any one of the first to twelfth aspects, the exhaust port surrounds the spray member as viewed in the direction of introduction of the gas from the spray member into the test tank. And provided in the test tank.

  Since the exhaust port surrounds the spray member when viewed in the direction of gas introduction, the gas after hitting the test piece is effectively distributed in the test chamber, and the temperature of the test piece is made uniform in a short time. be able to.

In a fourteenth aspect, in any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, the exhaust port is a slit or an aggregate of a plurality of micro holes.

  By making the shape of the exhaust port into a slit shape or an aggregate of a plurality of micro holes, the resistance acting on the gas flow in the exhaust port is increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress inadvertent gas flow from the outside to the inside of the test tank, so that the temperature-adjusted introduced gas is circulated in the test tank and the temperature of the test piece is made uniform in a short time. Can do.

According to a fifteenth aspect, in any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, the load member covers an outer peripheral portion of a portion located inside the test tank and has a higher thermal conductivity than the load member. It has a member.

  Since the outer peripheral portion of the portion of the load member located inside the test tank can be soaked by the covering member, the temperature of the outer peripheral portion of the load member is made uniform. By equalizing the temperature of the outer periphery of the load member, bending deformation of the load member when the load member applies a mechanical load to the test piece can be suppressed. Furthermore, by suppressing the bending deformation of the load member, inadvertent bending deformation of the test piece can also be suppressed.

In a sixteenth aspect, in any one of the first to fifteenth aspects, a ratio (Va / Vtp) between the internal volume Va of the test tank and the volume Vtp of the test piece is 1000 or less.

  By setting the ratio of the inner volume of the test tank to the volume of the test piece to 1000 or less, the temperature rise time when the test piece is heated can be shortened reliably, and the temperature drop time when the test piece is cooled is reliably shortened. it can.

  In addition, although this ratio (Va / Vtp) becomes small, both the temperature rising time and temperature falling time of a test piece can be shortened, but since Va is larger than Vtp, a lower limit is 1 or more.

According to a seventeenth aspect, in any one of the first to sixteenth aspects, an adjuster for adjusting at least one of a temperature and an air volume of the gas sent to the spray member, and a temperature of the test piece are detected. A temperature sensor; and a control device that controls the regulator based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

  Based on the temperature of the test piece detected by the temperature sensor, the control device controls the adjuster to adjust at least one of the temperature of the gas sent to the spray member and the air volume. That is, when adjusting the amount of heat applied from the gas to the test piece, the temperature of the test piece is directly detected, so that the test piece can be heated more efficiently in a shorter time compared to a configuration that detects temperatures other than the test piece. And can cool.

In an eighteenth aspect, in any one of the first to seventeenth aspects, the flow of the gas from the spray member to the exhaust port through the periphery of the test piece is set along the periphery of the test piece. It has a channel wall which guides to.

  The flow path wall allows gas to flow along the periphery of the specimen. Compared to a structure without a channel wall, the gas channel is narrowly limited in the test tank, and the volume of the gas channel is small. That is, since the flow rate of the gas flowing around the test piece is increased and the substantial flow rate is increased, the test piece can be heated and cooled more quickly.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, when a test is performed by applying a mechanical load to the test piece, the test piece can be heated and cooled in a short time, and the temperature of the test piece can be made uniform.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a material testing apparatus according to the first embodiment. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1 showing the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 2 showing the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2 showing the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 2 showing the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment. FIG. 6A is a front view showing a pipe of the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 6A showing the pipe of the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of the pipe and the dynamic load shaft. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the first embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of the exhaust port. FIG. 9 is a graph showing changes over time in the bath temperature and test piece temperature of the material test apparatus of the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the change over time in the bath temperature and the test piece temperature of the material testing apparatus of the first comparative example. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the second comparative example partially enlarged near the exhaust port. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a partially enlarged material test apparatus of the first embodiment near the exhaust port. FIG. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to the second embodiment. FIG. 14 is a graph showing temporal changes in the bath temperature and the test piece temperature of the material testing apparatus of the second embodiment. FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to the third embodiment. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 15 showing the material testing apparatus of the third embodiment. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 17-17 of FIG. 15 showing the material testing apparatus of the third embodiment. FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a material testing apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 20-20 of FIG. 19 showing the material testing apparatus of the fifth embodiment. FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 20 showing the material testing apparatus of the fifth embodiment. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 22-22 of FIG. 20 showing the material testing apparatus of the fifth embodiment. FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a material testing apparatus according to the sixth embodiment. 24 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 24-24 of FIG. 23 showing the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment. 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 25-25 of FIG. 24 showing the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment. 26 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 26-26 of FIG. 24 showing the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 27-27 of FIG. 24 showing the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 28A is a front view showing a pipe of the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 28B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 6A showing the pipe of the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment. FIG. 29 is a sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of a pipe and a test piece. FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the sixth embodiment partially enlarged near the exhaust port. FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view showing a partially enlarged material test apparatus according to a modification of the sixth embodiment in the vicinity of the exhaust port. FIG. 32 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to the seventh embodiment. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 10 showing the material testing apparatus of the seventh embodiment. FIG. 34 is a sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the eighth embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of the pipe and the test piece. FIG. 35 is a sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the ninth embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of a pipe and a test piece. FIG. 36 is a sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the tenth embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of a pipe and a test piece. FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing a material testing apparatus according to the eleventh embodiment. 38 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 38-38 of FIG. 37 showing the material testing apparatus of the eleventh embodiment. 39 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 39-39 of FIG. 38 showing the material testing apparatus of the eleventh embodiment. 40 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 40-40 of FIG. 38 showing the material testing apparatus of the eleventh embodiment. FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the eleventh embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of the pipe and the dynamic load shaft. FIG. 42 is a horizontal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to a modification of the eleventh embodiment. FIG. 43 is a horizontal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to a modification of the twelfth embodiment. FIG. 44 is a horizontal sectional view showing a material testing apparatus according to a modification of the twelfth embodiment. FIG. 45 is a sectional view showing the material testing apparatus of the thirteenth embodiment partially enlarged in the vicinity of a pipe and a test piece. FIG. 46 is a graph showing the relationship between the volume ratio of the test piece and the tank and the temperature rise time in the tank. FIG. 47 is a graph showing the relationship between the volume ratio of the test piece and the tank and the temperature lowering time in the tank. FIG. 48 is a graph showing the relationship between the volume ratio and the heat capacity ratio in the test piece and the tank.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the material test apparatus 12 of the first embodiment has a test tank 14. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the test tank 14 has a rectangular parallelepiped box shape. In the drawing, the upper side of the test chamber 14 is indicated by an arrow U, the rear side is indicated by an arrow D, and the right side in the width direction is indicated by an arrow R.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the test chamber 14 has an inner metal case 19. A heat insulating material 18 is disposed outside the metal case 19. The metal constituting the metal case 19 is not particularly limited. If, for example, an aluminum foil is used as the metal case 19, aluminum has high thermal conductivity, so that high heat uniformity in the test chamber 14 can be realized with a lightweight structure. Moreover, since aluminum is difficult to oxidize, it has high durability. If copper is used as the metal constituting the metal case 19 (for example, as a copper foil), copper has high thermal conductivity, so that high thermal uniformity in the test tank 14 can be realized. The thickness of the metal case 19 is preferably 2 mm or less, and more preferably 0.3 mm or less in order to reduce the heat capacity.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the load member 20 passes through the upper portion 14 </ b> U and the lower portion 14 </ b> S of the test tank 14. The load member 20 has a pair of upper and lower dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. A holding portion 24 is provided in a portion facing the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. The holding portion 24 can hold the upper and lower portions of the test piece 26. The heat capacity of the dynamic load shafts 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B is larger than the heat capacity of the test piece 26.

  In the present embodiment, as an example of the test piece 26, a central portion 26C in which outlines on both sides in a cross section appear in parallel in the center in the longitudinal direction, and a cover thicker than the central portion 26C at both longitudinal ends of the central portion 26C. Holding part 26H. The test piece 26 is held by the holding portion 24 in the held portion 26H and its vicinity. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the center in the longitudinal direction of the central portion 26 </ b> C has a narrower shape, but the central portion 26 </ b> C may have a shape having a certain width (or diameter) in the longitudinal direction.

  Furthermore, the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are provided with a dynamic load mechanism (not shown) such as an actuator. The mechanical load can be applied to the test piece 26 by the mechanical load mechanism in a state where the test piece 26 is sandwiched and held between the holding portions 24. This mechanical load is not particularly limited, such as tension, compression (indentation), rotation, and twist.

  As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the mechanical load shafts 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B are partly held inside the test chamber 14 on the holding part 24 side, but other parts (parts on the opposite side of the holding part 24). ) Is located outside the test chamber 14.

  A mechanical load detector (not shown) is attached to the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. With this mechanical load detector, the deformation and displacement of the test piece 26 can be detected. Examples of the mechanical load detector include a load cell and a displacement meter.

  A pipe 28 further passes through one of the opposing inner walls in the test tank 14 (upper part 14U in the examples shown in FIGS. 2 and 3). The tip of the pipe 28 extends toward the other wall (the lower portion 14S in the example shown in FIG. 2) of the opposing wall of the test chamber 14. The tip (lower end) of the pipe 28 is closed and fixed to the lower part 14 </ b> S in the test chamber 14. The pipe 28 is parallel to the dynamic load axes 22A and 22B.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a temperature control gas heater 30 is provided in a portion of the pipe 28 located outside the test tank 14. The temperature control gas heater 30 is a member that sends air (compressed gas) that flows in from the outside into the pipe 28 at a predetermined temperature, as indicated by an arrow F1. Hereinafter, the temperature-adjusted gas is referred to as “temperature-controlled gas”. An air volume adjuster that adjusts the air volume of the gas fed into the pipe 28 as necessary may be provided, for example, on the upstream side of the temperature control gas heater 30.

  As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a plurality of nozzles 32 are formed in the pipe 28 at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction. The temperature control gas in the pipe 28 is introduced into the test chamber 14 through the nozzle 32. The pipe 28 in which the nozzle 32 is formed is an example of the introduction member (spraying member) of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the nozzle 32 is oriented between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test chamber 14. In other words, the direction of the nozzle 32 is set so that the temperature control gas in the pipe 28 is introduced between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14 as indicated by an arrow F2.

  In particular, in this embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 3, the pipe 28 is disposed at a position closer to the rear portion 14 </ b> K side than the center of the test chamber 14. The direction in which the temperature control gas exits from the exhaust port 34 (the direction of the arrow F5) is orthogonal to the gas introduction direction F2 from the nozzle 32.

  From the viewpoint of equalizing the flow rate of the temperature control gas, for example, when the inner diameter of the nozzle 32 is 4 mm, the diameter of the nozzle 32 is preferably 2 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less.

  The inner diameter of the pipe 28 is preferably at least twice the diameter of the nozzle 32, more preferably at least four times. This is because the larger the ratio of pipe inner diameter / nozzle diameter, the more uniform the flow rate of the temperature control gas flowing out from each of the nozzles 32 can be achieved.

  Around the test piece 26, as indicated by an arrow F3 in FIG. 4, a flow of temperature control gas around the test piece 26 occurs. Moreover, a part of temperature control gas leaves | separates from the vicinity of the test piece 26, as shown by arrow F4, and goes to the position which provided the exhaust port 34 of the test tank 14. FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5, a plurality of exhaust ports 34 are formed in the test tank 14. In the present embodiment, each of the exhaust ports 34 has a slit shape (elongated shape). As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the exhaust port 34 is formed at a position close to the left side 14H (a position far from the right side 14M) in the upper part 14U, the lower part 14S, the front part 14Z and the rear part 14K of the test tank 14. Has been.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the exhaust port 34 surrounds the pipe 28 (introduction member) when viewed from the exhaust port 34 of the pipe 28 in the introduction direction of the temperature control gas (in the direction of arrow F <b> 2 in FIG. 2). It is out.

  When the temperature control gas is introduced into the test chamber 14, the plurality of exhaust ports 34 as a whole have an opening cross-sectional area sufficient to discharge the gas that was already present in the test chamber. However, each of the exhaust ports 34 has a slit shape, and, for example, is narrower than an exhaust port having a circular opening cross section (having the same cross-sectional area), the resistance when the gas is discharged is large.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the flow direction of the temperature control gas at the position L1 where the exhaust port 34 is formed will be considered. In this embodiment, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 (the direction in which gas is discharged from the inside of the test chamber 14 to the outside, the direction of the arrow F5) with respect to the introduction direction of the temperature control gas (the direction of the arrow F2) is 90 degrees. .

  As shown in FIG. 2, a temperature sensor 36 that detects the temperature of the air in the test tank 14 (temperature in the tank) is provided in the test tank 14. The temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 36 is sent to the control device 38. The control device 38 controls the temperature control gas heater 30 based on this temperature data.

  Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

  When the test of the test piece 26 is performed using the material test apparatus 12, the test piece 26 is held by the holding portion 24 of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B in the test tank 14, as shown in FIGS. .

  And the temperature control gas is produced | generated by the temperature control gas heater 30, and as shown by the arrow F2, it introduce | transduces in the test tank 14 from the inside of the pipe 28. FIG. A part of the temperature control gas flows around (near) the test piece 26 as indicated by an arrow F3, for example. And the test piece 26 becomes predetermined | prescribed temperature (target temperature T0). In this state, a mechanical load is applied to the test piece 26 by the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. The gas in the test chamber 14 is discharged from the exhaust port 34.

  In this embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a part of the dynamic load shafts 22 </ b> A and 22 </ b> B (load member 20) on the holding portion 24 side is accommodated in the test tank 14. However, the other part (the part on the opposite side of the holding part 24) is located outside the test chamber 14. The test tank 14 is smaller than the structure in which the entire dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are accommodated in the test tank. For this reason, the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled efficiently in a short time.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the control device 38 controls the temperature control gas heater 30 based on the temperature in the tank detected by the temperature sensor 36.

  Here, FIG. 9 shows changes over time in the bath temperature and the temperature of the test piece 26 in the material test apparatus 12 of the first embodiment. FIG. 10 shows the material testing apparatus of the first comparative example. The time change of the temperature in a test tank and the temperature of a test piece is shown. The material testing apparatus of the first comparative example has a structure in which the entire load member (corresponding to the dynamic load shaft of the first embodiment) is accommodated in a thermostatic chamber. A heating device, a cooling device, and a fan for circulating air are provided for adjustment. Compared with the constant temperature bath of the material test apparatus of the first comparative example, the test tank 14 of the material test apparatus 12 of the first embodiment is small and has a small heat capacity.

  As can be seen from the comparison between FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, in the material testing apparatus of the first comparative example, since the rise in the bath temperature is slow, it takes a long time for the bath temperature to reach the target temperature T0. . Since the change in the temperature of the test piece is delayed from the temperature change in the temperature in the bath, it takes a longer time for the test piece to reach the target temperature T0.

  On the other hand, in the material test apparatus 12 of the first embodiment, since the responsiveness of the temperature in the tank is better than that of the material test apparatus of the first comparative example, the target temperature T0 is reached earlier. Further, in the material test apparatus 12 of the first embodiment, since the temperature change of the test piece 26 is also quick because the temperature change of the temperature in the tank is fast, the target temperature T0 is shorter in a shorter time than the material test apparatus of the first comparative example. Has reached. In particular, in the material test apparatus 12, the heat capacity of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B is larger than the heat capacity of the test piece 26, but also in such a material test apparatus 12, the temperature of the test piece 26 quickly reaches the target temperature. Can be made.

  In addition, the material testing apparatus 12 according to the present embodiment has a structure in which the temperature control gas is introduced into the test tank 14, and there is no need to arrange a heating device or a cooling device in the test tank 14. That is, in the material test apparatus 12 according to the present embodiment, the heat capacity inside the test tank 14 is small as compared with the structure in which the heating equipment and the cooling equipment are arranged in the test tank 14, so that the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled quickly. it can.

  As described above, in the material test apparatus 12 of this embodiment, the test piece 26 is rapidly heated by the synergistic action of the downsizing of the test tank 14 itself and the small heat capacity in the test tank 14. Alternatively, cooling is possible.

  In addition, in the material test apparatus 12 of the present embodiment, a temperature control gas is introduced from the outside of the test tank 14, and heat is concentrated on the test piece 26 having a smaller heat capacity than the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. . That is, it is not necessary to heat or cool the entire dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B (to reach the target temperature). Thus, since the test piece 26 is concentratedly heated or cooled, the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled quickly.

  In this embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 7, the direction of the nozzle 32 of the pipe 28 is a direction toward the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test chamber 14. Thereby, the temperature control gas in the pipe 28 is introduced between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14 as shown by arrows F2 and F3 in FIG. Generated. Therefore, compared with a structure in which the test piece is locally heated at a high frequency, the temperature unevenness of the test piece 26 can be reduced and the temperature can be made uniform.

  In this way, the structure for introducing the temperature control gas between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14 has the introduction member, that is, the pipe 28 and the nozzle 32 formed on the pipe 28. It is not limited to the structure. For example, a structure may be adopted in which a plurality of tubes penetrate the tank wall of the test tank 14 and the nozzles at the respective tips of the tubes are directed between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14.

  In the structure in which the nozzle 32 is formed on the pipe 28 as in the first embodiment described above, the introduction member can be configured with a simple structure in which the nozzle 32 is formed on the pipe 28.

  The temperature control gas is passed between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14 with a simple structure in which the nozzle 32 formed in the pipe 28 is directed between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14. Can be introduced.

  Even if one nozzle 32 is formed for one pipe 28, the temperature control gas can be introduced between the test piece 26 and the inner surface of the test tank 14. In the structure in which the plurality of nozzles 32 are formed as in the first embodiment described above, the temperature control gas is introduced from the plurality of nozzles 32 into the test tank 14, so that the temperature unevenness in the test tank 14 is suppressed. The temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  Since the pipe 28 is parallel to the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B (test piece 26), the temperature control gas can be introduced into the test tank 14 along the axial direction of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. Thereby, the temperature unevenness in the test tank 14 can be reduced, and the temperature can be made uniform over a wide range of the test piece 26.

  In the material testing apparatus 12 of the first embodiment, the exhaust port 34 is viewed from the exhaust port 34 of the pipe 28 in the introduction direction of the temperature control gas (in the direction of arrow F2), as shown in FIG. ) Therefore, the temperature control gas introduced into the test chamber 14 from the nozzle 32 and directed to the exhaust port 34 can be prevented from flowing in a specific direction, and the temperature control gas can be effectively distributed in the test chamber 14. Thereby, the temperature in the tank can be made uniform, and further, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  In the first embodiment, the exhaust port 34 has a slit shape, that is, an elongated shape, and the exhaust port 34 having such a shape surrounds the test tank 14 in the upper portion 14U, the lower portion 14S, the front portion 14Z, and the rear portion 14K. Is formed. Therefore, the bias of the gas discharged from the inside to the outside of the test tank 14 can be reduced, and the discharge amount can be made uniform throughout the test tank 14. As a result, after the temperature control gas is uniformly circulated around the test piece 26 in the test tank 14, the gas is discharged outside the test tank 14.

  Further, since the exhaust port 34 has a slit shape, the resistance when the gas flows through the exhaust port 34 is larger than, for example, an opening having a circular cross section.

  If an exhaust port having a small gas flow resistance is formed, air outside the test chamber 14 may flow into the test chamber 14 through the exhaust port 34. Further, it is assumed that most of the temperature control gas introduced from the nozzle 32 is discharged from the exhaust port before circulating around the test piece 26.

  On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the inflow of air from the outside to the inside of the test tank 14 is suppressed. Further, when the temperature control gas flows out to the test chamber 14 through the exhaust port 34, resistance is generated, and the temperature control gas is difficult to enter the exhaust port 34. Thereby, the structure in which the temperature control gas is easily circulated in the test tank 14 is realized. Thus, by promoting the circulation of the temperature control gas in the test tank 14, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  Note that the entire exhaust port 34 has an opening cross-sectional area sufficient to discharge the gas existing in the test tank when the temperature control gas is introduced into the test tank 14. Accordingly, there is no great resistance to the introduction of the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32, and the gas in the test tank 14 is quickly discharged from the exhaust port 34 to the outside of the test tank 14.

  As described above, the shape of the exhaust port 34 is not limited to the above-described slit shape as long as a predetermined resistance can be generated in the gas discharge from the test chamber 14 to promote the circulation of the temperature control gas. For example, even if the exhaust port is an aggregate of holes (micropores) each having a minute opening cross-sectional area, a predetermined resistance can be generated by the microholes in discharging the gas from the test chamber 14. Is possible.

  As shown in FIG. 8, in the first embodiment, the angle θ1 (gas discharge direction, arrow F5 direction) of the exhaust port 34 is 90 degrees with respect to the temperature control gas introduction direction (arrow F2 direction). Here, FIG. 11 shows a structure in which the angle θ1 is an acute angle as a second comparative example. In the second comparative example, the gas flow direction (arrow F5 direction) in the exhaust port 34 is along the temperature control gas flow direction (arrow F2 direction). That is, the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 easily enters the exhaust port 34 directly.

  On the other hand, if the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 is set to 90 degrees, the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 is less likely to enter the exhaust port 34 directly than in the structure of the second comparative example. The circulation of the temperature control gas in the tank 14 can be promoted, and the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  In the material testing apparatus 12 of the first embodiment, in order to suppress the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 from directly entering the exhaust port 34, as shown in FIG. The structure may be such that the angle θ1 of the mouth 34 is an obtuse angle. That is, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 may be in the range of 90 degrees to 180 degrees. For example, if an exhaust port is formed in the normal direction of the wall surface in the left side portion 14H of the test tank 14, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port is 180 degrees.

  Next, a second embodiment will be described. In the second embodiment, the same elements, members, and the like as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 13, in the material testing apparatus 42 of the second embodiment, a temperature sensor 46 that directly detects the temperature of the test piece 26 is provided in the test tank 14 instead of the temperature sensor 36 of the first embodiment. It is done. The temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 46 is sent to the control device 38. The control device 38 controls the temperature control gas heater 30 based on this temperature data.

  Thus, in the second embodiment, the temperature sensor 36 directly detects the temperature of the test piece 26, and the control device 38 controls the temperature control gas heater 30 based on the detection result.

  FIG. 14 shows changes over time in the bath temperature and the temperature of the test piece 26 in the second embodiment. As described above, in this embodiment, since the volume of the test tank 14 is small, the responsiveness of the temperature in the tank is fast, and the temperature in the tank can be changed quickly (in a short time).

  In particular, when the responsiveness of the temperature in the tank is low, in order to avoid an excessive increase in the temperature in the tank (so-called “overshoot”), the temperature of the test piece is in the stage before reaching the predetermined target temperature T0. May cause a gradual rise in temperature. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the temperature in the bath is temporarily made higher than the target temperature T0, and then rapidly lowered, whereby the degree of temperature change of the test piece 26 (the slope of the curve on the graph). Is maintained up to near the target temperature T0. Thereby, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made to reach the target temperature T0 in a shorter time.

  Next, a third embodiment will be described. In the third embodiment, elements, members, and the like similar to those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 15 to 17, the material testing apparatus 52 of the third embodiment includes a heat conductor 54 as an example of a covering member. The heat conductor 54 is formed of a material having a higher thermal conductivity (for example, 100 W / m · k or more) than the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B, and covers the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B.

  In the third embodiment, when the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are covered with the heat conductor 54 in this way, and the heat of the temperature control gas in the test tank 14 acts on the heat conductor 54, the heat conductor From 54, heat is transferred to the outer peripheral portion of the dynamic load shafts 22A, 22B. Since this thermal conductor 54 has higher thermal conductivity than the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B, compared with a structure in which the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are not covered with the thermal conductor 54, the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B The temperature of the outer peripheral portion of 22B can be made uniform. Thereby, since the bending deformation of the mechanical load shafts 22A and 22B when the mechanical load is applied to the test piece 26 by the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B can be suppressed, the reliability and accuracy of the material test for the test piece 26 are achieved. Becomes higher.

  Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In the fourth embodiment, the same elements, members, and the like as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 18, in the material test apparatus 62 of the fourth embodiment, the test tank 64 has an upper part 64U, a lower part 64S, a left side part 64H, a right side part 64M, a front part (not shown), and a rear part (not shown). . And compared with the material test apparatus 12 of 1st embodiment, the lower surface of the upper part 64U of the test tank 64 is located in the vicinity of the holding part 24 of the dynamic load shaft 22A, and the upper surface of the lower part 64S of the test tank 64 is It is located in the vicinity of the holding portion 24 of the dynamic load shaft 22B. Therefore, in the material test apparatus 62 of the fourth embodiment, the vertical dimension of the test tank 64 is shorter and smaller than the test tank 14 of the material test apparatus 12 of the first embodiment. Since the internal volume of the test tank 64 is small, it takes a short time to bring the inside of the test tank 64 to a desired temperature.

  A very small part of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B on the holding part 24 side is accommodated in the test tank 64, but the other most part (the part on the opposite side of the holding part 24) is outside the test tank 64. Is located. Therefore, compared to a structure in which most of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are accommodated in the test chamber, the amount of heat transferred to the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B is small, so that the test piece 26 can be efficiently heated in a shorter time. Can be cooled.

  In addition, in 4th embodiment, although the structure which detects the temperature in a tank with the temperature sensor 36 similarly to 1st embodiment is mentioned in the example shown in 1st Embodiment, 2nd Embodiment and 3rd Embodiment are mentioned. As described above, the temperature of the test piece 26 may be detected.

  In 4th embodiment, it is good also as a structure where the space | interval of the upper part 64U and the lower part 64S is further shortened, and a part or all of the holding | maintenance part 24 is located outside the test tank 64 substantially.

  Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. In the fifth embodiment, elements, members, and the like similar to those in the first embodiment to the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the material test apparatus 72 of the fifth embodiment has a test tank 64. Similarly to the fourth embodiment, the test tank 74 has a shape whose vertical dimension is shorter than that of the test tank 14 of the first embodiment, and is downsized.

  As shown in FIGS. 20-22, the flow-path wall 76 is provided in the inside of the test tank 64 which concerns on 5th embodiment. The flow path wall 76 is provided such that the temperature control gas flow path from the nozzle 32 (spraying member) to the exhaust port 34 through the periphery of the test piece 26 is smaller than the volume of the test tank 64.

  Specifically, the right side portion (the portion close to the right side portion 64M) of the metal case 19 is opposed to the mechanical load shafts 22A and 22B and the test piece 26 in the vicinity of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B and the test piece 26. Is forming. The front portion and the rear portion (portions close to the front portion 64Z and the rear portion 64K) constitute inclined walls 76B and 76C that are inclined from the opposing wall 76A.

  As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, the rear inclined wall 76C is closer to the pipe 28 than the front inclined wall 76C. In other words, the inclined wall 76C is on the upstream side in the flow direction of the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 (arrow F6 direction). The inclined wall 76C gradually decreases the substantial flow path width of the temperature control gas as it approaches the test piece 26 at a position close to the rear portion 64K.

  On the other hand, the front inclined wall 76B is farther from the nozzle 32 than the rear inclined wall 76C and is downstream of the flow direction of the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 (arrow F6 direction). The inclined wall 76B has a substantial flow path width of the temperature control gas toward the exhaust port 34 in the flow direction of the temperature control gas from the vicinity of the test piece 26 toward the exhaust port 34 at a position close to the front portion 64Z. Gradually increasing.

  The facing wall 76 </ b> A is at a midstream position in the flow direction of the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32. At the position of the facing wall 76A, the flow path width of the temperature control gas constitutes a portion that is narrower than the positions of the inclined walls 76B and 76C.

  In the fifth embodiment, the flow path wall 76 thus includes the opposing wall 76A and the inclined walls 76B and 74C, and the flow path wall 76 is configured by a part of the metal case 19 (metal). The case 19 also serves as a part of the flow path wall 76).

  Since the material test apparatus 72 of the fifth embodiment has such a flow path wall 76, the flow of the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32 to the exhaust port 34 through the periphery of the test piece 26 (shown by an arrow F6). ) Is guided along the periphery of the test piece 26.

  20 to 21, the inner surface position of the test tank 64 when the flow path wall 76 is not formed is indicated by a two-dot chain line 79. Compared to the volume (volume) in the range indicated by the two-dot chain line 79, the material test device 72 of the fifth embodiment has a substantially smaller volume (volume) of the temperature control gas flow path.

  Thus, it can be said that the substantial volume in the test tank 64 is reduced in the material test apparatus 72 of the fifth embodiment. Thereby, the flow rate of the temperature control gas flowing around the test piece 26 is increased, and the flow rate per unit time is increased. For this reason, the test piece 26 can be heated and cooled more rapidly.

  Moreover, in the material test apparatus 72 of 5th embodiment, the efficiency which heats and cools the test piece 26 is high. For this reason, it is also possible to reduce the flow rate of the temperature control gas for obtaining the same heating / cooling rate as that of the structural material test apparatus that does not have the flow path wall 76.

  Next, a sixth embodiment will be described. In the sixth embodiment, elements, members, and the like that are the same as in the first to fifth embodiments are assigned the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 23 to 25, the test tank 114 of the material test apparatus 112 according to the sixth embodiment is similar to the test tank 64 according to the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment. Compared with the twelve test tanks 14, the vertical dimension of the test tank 114 is shorter and the size is reduced. Since the internal volume of the test tank 114 is small, it takes a short time to bring the inside of the test tank 114 to a desired temperature.

  In the test tank 114 of the sixth embodiment, there are a plurality of pipes 28 (two in the example shown in FIGS. 23 and 24). The temperature adjusting gas heater 30 is connected to a merging pipe 31 from which the temperature adjusting gas flows, and the two pipes 28 are branched from the merging pipe 31. That is, the temperature control gas heater 30 is shared by the two pipes 28.

  As shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, also in the pipe 28 of the sixth embodiment, a plurality of nozzles 32 are formed at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction. The temperature control gas in the pipe 28 is introduced into the test tank 114 through the nozzle 32. The pipe 28 in which the nozzle 32 is formed is an example of the spray member of the present invention.

  As shown in FIGS. 26 and 29, in the sixth embodiment, the direction of the nozzle 32 is the direction facing the test piece 26. In other words, the direction of the nozzle 32 is set so that when the temperature control gas in the pipe 28 is blown from the nozzle 32 as indicated by the arrow F2, the test piece 26 is blown. In particular, in the sixth embodiment, the nozzle 32 faces the test piece 26 so that the temperature control gas is directed to the position of the center CT of the test piece 26. The center line (flow center line FC-1) of the temperature control gas blown out from the nozzle 32 is directed to the center CT of the test piece 26. Therefore, assuming that the test piece 26 does not exist, the position of the center CT is the collision point of the two temperature control gases.

  As shown in FIGS. 24, 26, and 29, in the sixth embodiment, the two pipes 28 are symmetrical positions about the test piece 26. In other words, the two pipes 28 are dispersedly arranged around the test piece 26 with the central angle θ2 being 180 degrees.

  As described above, the pipes 28 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the test piece 26, so that the plurality of nozzles 32 formed on the pipe 28 are also located symmetrically with respect to the test piece 26. In other words, the plurality of nozzles 32 are dispersedly arranged at a central angle of 180 degrees around the test piece 26 for each pipe 28.

  In the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 26, the pipe 28 is arranged at the center in the depth direction of the test chamber 114 and at a position close to the right side 114M or the left side 114H in the left-right direction. Yes.

  In the sixth embodiment, from the viewpoint of making the flow rate of the temperature control gas uniform, for example, when the inner diameter of the pipe 28 is 4 mm, the diameter of the nozzle 32 is preferably 2 mm or less, and more preferably 1 mm or less.

  In the sixth embodiment, the inner diameter of the pipe 28 is preferably at least twice the diameter of the nozzle 32, more preferably at least four times. This is because the larger the ratio of pipe inner diameter / nozzle diameter, the more uniform the flow rate of the temperature control gas flowing out from each of the nozzles 32 can be achieved.

  In the sixth embodiment, as described above, the center line (flow center line FC-1) of the flow of the temperature control gas blown from the nozzle 32 is directed to the center CT of the test piece 26. Thereby, since the temperature control gas hits toward the center CT of the test piece 26, the warm gas flows in the vicinity of the test piece 26 around the test piece 26. And the temperature control gas leaves | separates from the vicinity of the test piece 26, as shown by arrow F4, and goes to the inner surface of the test tank 14. FIG. Since a plurality of (two) pipes 28 are located around the test piece 26 and nozzles 32 are formed on these pipes 28, the nozzles 32 are also arranged around the test piece 26. ing. As described above, the plurality of nozzles 32 are arranged in a distributed manner around the test piece 26, thereby realizing a structure in which the temperature control gas flows around the test piece 26.

  As shown in FIGS. 23 and 25 to 27, in the sixth embodiment, the exhaust port 34 is located at a position close to the left side 114H and on the right side in the upper part 114U, the lower part 114S, the front part 114Z and the rear part 114K of the test tank 114 It is formed at a position close to the portion 114M.

  As shown in FIG. 25, the exhaust port 34 surrounds the pipe 28 (spraying member) when viewed from the exhaust port 34 of the pipe 28 in the introduction direction of the temperature control gas (in the direction of arrow F2 in FIG. 2). It is out.

  As in the first embodiment, when the temperature control gas is introduced into the test chamber 114, the plurality of exhaust ports 34 have sufficient opening cuts so that the gas already existing in the test chamber 114 is exhausted. It has an area as a whole. However, since each of the exhaust ports 34 has a slit shape, for example, the opening cross-sectional shape is narrower than that of a circular exhaust port having the same opening cross section, the resistance when the gas is discharged is large.

  As shown in FIG. 30, when the test tank 114 is viewed in a cross section in the horizontal direction, one of the plurality of nozzles 32 is located in the vicinity of the exhaust port 34 with respect to each of the exhaust ports 34. For example, in FIG. 4, the nozzle 32H is located relatively close to the exhaust port 34H appearing on the left side, and the nozzle 32M is located relatively close to the exhaust port 34M appearing on the right side. ing.

  Here, consider the exhaust port 34 and the nozzle 32 in the vicinity thereof (for example, FIG. 30 shows the exhaust port 34H and the nozzle 32H). In the present embodiment, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 (the direction in which gas is discharged from the inside of the test tank 114 to the outside, the direction of the arrow F5) with respect to the blowing direction of the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32 (the direction of the arrow F2). 90 degrees.

  An exhaust port 34 is also formed in the upper part 114U and the lower part 114S of the test tank 114. For example, with respect to the exhaust port 34 of the upper portion 114U, it can be said that the uppermost nozzle 32 in the relatively close pipe 28 is a nozzle located in the "near" position. Similarly, with respect to the exhaust port 34 of the lower portion 114S, it can be said that the lowermost nozzle in the relatively close pipe 28 is a nozzle located in the “vicinity”.

  As shown in FIG. 24, a temperature sensor 36 that detects the temperature of the test piece 26 is provided in the test tank 114. The temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 36 is sent to the control device 38. The control device 38 controls the temperature control gas heater 30 based on this temperature data.

  Also in the material testing apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment configured as described above, when the test of the test piece 26 is performed, the holding portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are provided in the test tank 114 as shown in FIG. 24 holds the test piece 26.

  And the temperature control gas heater 30 produces | generates temperature control gas, and as shown by the arrow F2, it introduce | transduces into the test tank 114 from the inside of the pipe 28. FIG.

  In the sixth embodiment, the nozzle 32 of the pipe 28 faces the test piece 26, and the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32 is blown directly onto the test piece 26. For this reason, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be rapidly changed compared with the structure where temperature control gas is not sprayed directly on the test piece 26. After the temperature control gas is sprayed on the test piece 26, a flow surrounding the test piece 26 is generated. In the state where the test piece 26 is not held by the holding portion 24, the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32 collides at the position of the center CT of the test piece 26, so the center CT is also a temperature control gas collision point. .

  Thereafter, the gas in the test chamber 114 is discharged from the exhaust port 34.

  Also in the sixth embodiment, a part of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B (load member 20) on the holding part 24 side is accommodated in the test tank 114 in the test tank 114, but the other part (holding) The portion on the opposite side of the portion 24) is located outside the test chamber 114. The test tank 114 is smaller than the structure in which the entire dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are accommodated in the test tank. For this reason, the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled efficiently in a short time.

  In the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the control device 38 controls the temperature control gas heater 30 based on the temperature of the test piece 26 detected by the temperature sensor 36.

  The material testing apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment has a structure in which a temperature control gas is introduced into the test tank 114, and there is no need to arrange a heating device or a cooling device in the test tank 114. That is, in the material test apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment, the heat capacity inside the test tank 114 is small compared to the structure in which the heating equipment and the cooling equipment are arranged in the test tank 114, so that the test piece 26 can be heated quickly or Can be cooled.

  As described above, in the material testing apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment, not only the temperature control gas is blown directly on the test piece 26, but also the test tank 114 itself is downsized and the heat capacity in the test tank 114 is small. Thus, the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled rapidly.

  In addition, in the material test apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment, temperature control gas is introduced from the outside of the test tank 114, and heat is concentrated on the test piece 26 having a smaller heat capacity than the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. Let That is, it is not necessary to heat or cool the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B (to reach the target temperature). Thus, since the test piece 26 is concentratedly heated or cooled, the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled quickly.

  In the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 26, a plurality of (two) pipes 28 are provided. As shown also in FIG. 29, these two pipes 28 are distributed at symmetrical positions with the test piece 26 as the center. Here, for example, a configuration is assumed in which the pipes are unevenly distributed in a narrow range with respect to the test piece 26. For example, there are a configuration in which only one pipe is arranged, a configuration in which a plurality of pipes are arranged in a narrow range, and the like. In such a configuration in which the pipes are unevenly distributed, the nozzle position is also unevenly distributed as viewed in the horizontal cross section, and therefore, when the temperature control gas hits the test piece, the symmetry of the temperature distribution of the test piece becomes low. There is a problem that temperature unevenness tends to occur in the test piece. In this way, in the material test apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment, the temperature distribution of the test piece 26 when the temperature control gas hits can be made uniform and symmetric as compared with the example in which the nozzle positions are unevenly distributed. it can. For example, in the sixth embodiment, the temperature distribution of the test piece 26 in the cross section of FIG. 29 is a distribution that is nearly symmetrical in FIG.

  Then, by symmetrizing the temperature distribution of the test piece 26, bending strain due to the difference in thermal expansion of the test piece 26 is less likely to occur, so the reliability of the material test can be improved.

  In this way, the structure in which the temperature control gas is directly blown onto the test piece 26 is not limited to the structure having the pipe 28 and the nozzle 32 formed in the pipe 28. For example, a structure may be employed in which a plurality of tubes pass through the tank wall of the test tank 114 and the nozzle at the tip of each tube faces the test piece 26. In the structure in which the nozzle 32 is formed on the pipe 28 as in the sixth embodiment described above, the spray member can be configured with a simple structure in which the nozzle 32 is formed on the pipe 28 and a small heat capacity.

  The temperature control gas can be efficiently blown onto the test piece 26 with a simple structure in which the nozzle 32 formed on the pipe 28 is opposed to the test piece 26.

  Even if one nozzle 32 is formed per one pipe 28, if a plurality of pipes 28 are scattered around the test piece 26, the temperature control gas can be directly blown onto the test piece 26. Is possible. In the structure in which a plurality of nozzles 32 are formed on one pipe 28 as in the sixth embodiment described above, temperature control gas is introduced into the test chamber 114 from the plurality of nozzles 32 in the vertical direction of the test chamber 114. A structure is realized. For this reason, the effect of suppressing temperature unevenness in the test tank 114 is high, and the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  Since the pipe 28 is parallel to the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B (test piece 26), the temperature control gas can be sprayed onto the test piece 26 along the axial direction of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. As a result, since the temperature control gas is blown along the axial direction of the test piece 26 as well, the temperature unevenness in the axial direction of the test piece 26 is reduced and the temperature of the test piece 26 is made uniform over a wide range. Can be planned.

  In the material testing apparatus 112 of the sixth embodiment, the exhaust port 34 is viewed from the exhaust port 34 of the pipe 28 in the introduction direction of the temperature control gas (direction of the arrow F2), as shown in FIG. ) Therefore, it is possible to suppress the temperature control gas introduced from the nozzle 32 into the test chamber 114 and flowing toward the exhaust port 34 in a specific direction, and the temperature control gas can be effectively distributed in the test chamber 114. Thereby, the temperature in the tank can be made uniform, and further, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  In the sixth embodiment, the exhaust port 34 has a slit shape, that is, an elongated shape, and the exhaust port 34 having such a shape surrounds the test chamber 114 at the upper part 114U, the lower part 114S, the front part 114Z, and the rear part 114K. Is formed. Therefore, the deviation of the gas discharged from the inside to the outside of the test tank 114 can be reduced, and the discharge amount can be made uniform throughout the test tank 114. As a result, the temperature control gas is made uniform and circulates around the test piece 26 in the test tank 114, and then discharged to the outside of the test tank 114.

  Further, since the exhaust port 34 has a slit shape, the resistance when gas flows through the exhaust port 34 is larger than that of an exhaust port having the same cross-sectional area and a circular cross section, for example.

  Here, assuming a configuration in which an exhaust port having a small gas flow resistance is formed, air outside the test chamber 114 may flow into the test chamber 114 through the exhaust port 34. Further, it is assumed that most of the temperature control gas introduced from the nozzle 32 is discharged from the exhaust port before circulating around the test piece 26.

  On the other hand, in the sixth embodiment, the inflow of air from the outside to the inside of the test tank 114 is suppressed. Further, when the temperature control gas flows out to the test chamber 114 through the exhaust port 34, resistance is generated, and the temperature control gas does not easily enter the exhaust port 34. As a result, a structure in which the temperature control gas easily circulates in the test tank 114 is realized. Thus, by promoting the circulation of the temperature control gas in the test tank 114, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  The plurality of exhaust ports 34 as a whole have an opening cross-sectional area sufficient to discharge the gas existing in the test chamber 114 when the temperature control gas is introduced into the test chamber 114. Therefore, there is no great resistance to the introduction of the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32, and the gas in the test tank 114 is quickly discharged from the exhaust port 34 to the outside of the test tank 14.

  In the sixth embodiment, a predetermined resistance is generated in the gas discharge from the test tank 114 and the circulation of the temperature control gas is promoted as described above. Therefore, the test tank 114 can be downsized. By reducing the size of the test tank 114, the heat capacity of the test tank 114 is reduced, so that the test piece 26 can be heated or cooled more efficiently.

  Note that the shape of the exhaust port 34 is not limited to the above-described slit shape as long as a predetermined resistance can be generated in the discharge of the gas from the test tank 114 to promote the circulation of the temperature control gas. For example, even if the exhaust port is an aggregate of holes (microholes) each having a minute opening cross-sectional area, a predetermined resistance can be generated by the microholes in discharging the gas from the test chamber 114. Is possible.

  As shown in FIG. 30, in the sixth embodiment, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34, that is, the direction in which gas is discharged from the exhaust port 34 (inside the test tank 14) to the outside (the direction of arrow F5) is It is 90 degrees with respect to the blowing direction of gas from the nozzle 32 (arrow F2 direction).

  Therefore, at the position L1 where the exhaust port 34 is formed, the temperature control gas flowing in the direction of the arrow F3 is smoothly discharged from the exhaust port 34 to the outside of the test chamber 14. The temperature control gas in the direction indicated by the arrow F3 is a temperature control gas that is blown from the nozzle 32 near the exhaust port 34, circulates in the test tank 114, and flows in the direction of the arrow F3 at the position of the exhaust port 34.

  As described above, when the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 is set to 90 degrees, the circulation of the temperature control gas in the test tank 114 is promoted, and this temperature control is smoothly performed from the exhaust port 34 to the outside of the test tank 114. The temperature of the test piece 26 can be made uniform.

  In this way, in order to smoothly discharge the temperature control gas flowing in the test chamber 114 from the exhaust port 34 while promoting the circulation, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 has an obtuse angle structure as shown in FIG. There may be. That is, the angle θ1 of the exhaust port 34 may be in the range of 90 degrees or more and less than 180 degrees.

  Next, a seventh embodiment will be described. In the seventh embodiment, the same elements, members, and the like as those in the first to sixth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the material test apparatus 152 of the seventh embodiment includes a heat conductor 154 as an example of a covering member. The thermal conductor 154 is made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity (for example, 100 W / m · k or more) than the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B, and covers the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B.

  In the seventh embodiment, the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are thus covered with the heat conductor 154, and when the heat of the temperature control gas in the test tank 114 acts on the heat conductor 154, the heat conductor From 154, heat is transferred to the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B. Since this thermal conductor 154 has a higher thermal conductivity than the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B, compared to a structure in which the outer peripheral portions of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are not covered with the thermal conductor 154, the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22A, The temperature of the outer peripheral portion of 22B can be made uniform. Thereby, since the bending deformation of the mechanical load shafts 22A and 22B when the mechanical load is applied to the test piece 26 by the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B can be suppressed, the reliability and accuracy of the material test for the test piece 26 are achieved. Becomes higher.

  In the sixth and seventh embodiments, a plurality (two) of pipes 28 are arranged at point-symmetrical positions (center angle θ2 = 180 degrees) around the test piece 26, and the nozzle 32 corresponds to the test piece 26. However, the arrangement of the pipes 28 and the direction of the nozzles 32 are not limited thereto. In the following eighth to tenth embodiments, examples of the arrangement of the pipes 28 and the direction of the nozzles 32 different from the above are shown. In each embodiment, since the whole structure of a material testing apparatus can take the structure similar to 6th embodiment or 7th embodiment, detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 34, the nozzles 32 of the two pipes 28 are opposed to the test piece 26, but the pipe 28 is asymmetric about the test piece 26, and the nozzle 32 is also asymmetric. Specifically, one central angle θ3 in FIG. 34 is smaller than 180 degrees, and the other central angle θ3 ′ (θ3 ′ = 360 degrees−θ3) is larger than 180 degrees. Even with this structure, it can be said that the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 collides at the collision point CT where the test piece 26 is not present.

  In this way, even if the plurality of nozzles 32 are not strictly symmetrical with respect to the test piece 26, the plurality of nozzles 32 are unevenly distributed if the plurality of nozzles 32 are arranged around the test piece 26. Compared with the structure to perform, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be symmetrized.

  In the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 35, the nozzles 32 of the two pipes 28 are in a symmetrical position with respect to the test piece 26, but the nozzle 32 does not face the center of the test piece 26. In other words, the center line (flow center line FC-1) of the temperature control gas blown from the nozzle 32 crosses the test piece 26 but does not intersect with the center CT of the test piece 26.

  Thus, even if the nozzle 32 is not strictly opposed to the center of the test piece 26, the temperature control gas blown from the nozzle 32 flows while spreading and reaches the test piece 26. Since the plurality of nozzles 32 are distributed around the test piece 26, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be symmetrized compared to a configuration in which the plurality of nozzles 32 are unevenly distributed.

  Furthermore, even if the center line (flow center line FC-1) of the temperature control gas blown from the nozzle 32 does not cross the test piece 26, the temperature control gas blown from the nozzle 32 as described above. It is possible to realize a configuration in which the temperature control gas can be sprayed onto the test piece 26 by utilizing the flow while spreading.

  In the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 36, there are three pipes 28. Since the nozzles 32 are formed in each pipe 28, three nozzles 32 appear at the central angle θ4 = 120 degrees with respect to the test piece 26 in the cross section shown in FIG. Even with this structure, it can be said that the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 collides at the collision point CT where the test piece 26 is not present.

  Thus, even in a structure in which there are three or more pipes 28 and three or more nozzles 32 appear in a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction of the test piece 26, a plurality of nozzles 32 can be provided around the test piece 26. Compared with the structure in which the nozzles 32 are unevenly distributed, the temperature of the test piece 26 can be symmetrized.

  When the number of nozzles 32 appearing in a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction of the test piece 26 is n, when the nozzles 32 are arranged symmetrically (equally spaced in the circumferential direction) with respect to the test piece 26, the central angle is (360 degrees / n ). Even if the nozzle 32 is not strictly symmetric, if the nozzle 32 is positioned so that the central angle is in the range of about (360 degrees / n) ± 2 degrees, the temperature of the test piece 26 is symmetrized. It is effective in aiming.

  Next, an eleventh embodiment will be described. In the eleventh embodiment, elements, members, and the like similar to those in the first to tenth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIGS. 37 to 40, in the material test apparatus 212 of the eleventh embodiment, the exhaust port 34 is formed in the front part 114Z and the rear part 114K of the test tank 114, but the right side part 114M and the left side part. It is not formed in 114H.

  As shown in detail in FIG. 41, the positions of the exhaust ports 34 at the front portion 114Z and the rear portion 114K are two flows of temperature control gas respectively ejected from the two nozzles 32M and 32H (flow center line FC-1). Is formed in the direction of the bisector HL-1 of the angle θ2. In other words, the position of the exhaust port 34 when two opposing temperature control gases are generated passes through the substantial collision point CT of the two temperature control gases, and the two temperature control gas flows (flow center line). It is the direction orthogonal to FC-1). In the example shown in FIG. 41, since θ2 = 180 degrees, the exhaust port 34 is formed on a line passing through the center CT and orthogonal to the flow center line FC-1.

  In the material testing apparatus 212 of the eleventh embodiment, since the exhaust port 34 is formed in such a position, the symmetry when the temperature control gas ejected from the nozzle 32 flows around the test piece 26 is improved. . And it becomes easy to produce the flow of the smooth temperature control gas along the surface of the test piece 26. FIG. For this reason, it is possible to heat and cool the test piece 26 more uniformly and rapidly.

  In the eleventh embodiment, the term “orthogonal” is not limited to being strictly orthogonal to the flow center line FC-1, but is substantially symmetrical when the temperature control gas flows around the test piece 26. It may be in a range that improves the property.

  Further, like the material testing apparatus 222 of the modified example of the eleventh embodiment shown in FIG. 42, for example, the exhaust outlet 34 is configured by a branched exhaust outlet 34 </ b> D branched into a plurality (in the example of FIG. 41, bifurcated). Even when the plurality of branched exhaust ports are viewed as a whole, it is only necessary to be orthogonal to the center line FC-1.

  Next, a twelfth embodiment will be described. In the twelfth embodiment, elements, members, and the like that are the same as in the first to eleventh embodiments are assigned the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.

  The overall configuration of the material testing apparatus 242 of the twelfth embodiment can be substantially the same as that of the material testing apparatus 212 of the eleventh embodiment, except for the points described below. Omitted.

  In particular, as shown in FIGS. 43 and 44, in the material test apparatus 242 of the twelfth embodiment, the position of the exhaust port 34 formed in the test tank 214 is the same as that of the material test apparatus 212 of the eleventh embodiment. It is.

  In the material testing apparatus 242 of the twelfth embodiment, the flow path wall 274 is provided inside the test tank 114.

  Similarly to the fifth embodiment, the flow path wall 274 is such that the temperature control gas flow path from the nozzle 32 (spraying member) to the exhaust port 34 through the periphery of the test piece 26 is smaller than the volume of the test tank 114. Is provided.

  Specifically, the front part (part close to 114Z) and the rear part (part close to the rear part 114K) of the metal case 19 extend from the vicinity of the pipe 28 to the vicinity of the mechanical load shafts 22A and 22B and the test piece 26. An existing parallel wall 274A is formed. An arc wall 274B that surrounds the dynamic load shafts 22A, 22B and the test piece 26 in an arc shape is formed from the end of the parallel wall 274A (portion close to the dynamic load shafts 22A, 22B and the test piece 26). . Since the exhaust port 34 in the twelfth embodiment is formed from the arc wall 274B to the outer surface of the test tank 64, it is substantially compared with the exhaust port 34 (see FIG. 40) of the eleventh embodiment. Thus, it can be said that the exhaust port 34 has a shape that is elongated inside the test tank 64.

  In the twelfth embodiment, the flow path wall 274 includes a parallel wall 274A and an arc wall 274B, and the flow path wall 274 is configured by a part of the metal case 19 (the metal case 19 flows). It also serves as part of the road wall 274).

  Since the material test apparatus 242 of the twelfth embodiment has such a flow path wall 274, the flow of the temperature control gas from the nozzle 32 to the exhaust port 34 through the periphery of the test piece 26 (indicated by an arrow F7) Is guided along the periphery of the test piece 26.

  43 and 44, the inner surface position of the test tank 114 when the flow path wall 274 is not formed is indicated by a two-dot chain line 279. Compared with the volume (volume) in the range indicated by the two-dot chain line 279, the material test apparatus 242 of the twelfth embodiment has a substantially smaller volume (volume) of the temperature control gas flow path.

  As described above, in the material testing apparatus 242 of the twelfth embodiment, by reducing the substantial volume in the test tank 114, the flow rate of the temperature control gas flowing around the test piece 26 is increased, and the unit time per unit time. The flow rate increases. For this reason, the test piece 26 can be heated and cooled more rapidly.

  Moreover, in the material test apparatus 242 of 12th embodiment, the efficiency which heats and cools the test piece 26 is high. For this reason, it is also possible to reduce the flow rate of the temperature control gas for obtaining the same heating / cooling rate as that of the structural material test apparatus not having the flow path wall 274.

  For example, in the example in which three pipes 28 are arranged and the nozzles 32 appear in three places in a horizontal cross section, a structure in which the position of the exhaust port is set similarly to the eleventh embodiment and the twelfth embodiment. It is also possible to apply. That is, as in the thirteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 45, the bisector of the angle (θ4 = 120 degrees in the example shown in FIG. 45) formed by the three flows (flow center line FC-1) of the temperature control gas. What is necessary is just to form the exhaust port 34 along the direction of HL-1.

  In the sixth to tenth embodiments, an example in which the temperature control gas blown from the nozzle 32 hits the test piece 26 in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the test piece 26 (the axial direction of the mechanical load shafts 22A and 22B) is given. However, the direction of the temperature control gas that hits the test piece 26 is not limited to this. For example, a configuration in which the temperature control gas hits the test piece 26 obliquely from above or obliquely below may be used.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples while comparing with comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific structures of the following examples.

  Tables 1 and 2 show test pieces and test tanks in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples (in the case of Comparative Examples, constant temperature baths, hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “tanks”). Various parameters and judgments on the test piece temperature rise time and temperature drop time are shown. Examples 1 to 5 are examples using the material testing apparatus 12 of the first embodiment. As can be seen from Table 2, the comparative example has a structure in which a heater for heating the test piece 26 and a fan for cooling are arranged in the tank, and the pipe 28 and the exhaust port 34 according to the first embodiment include Not formed. In Example 4, the test tank 14 is downsized to such an extent that the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B do not enter the test tank 14, and only the end surfaces of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are exposed in the test tank 14. Yes. Therefore, as shown in Table 2, the heat capacity of the dynamic load shaft in Example 4 is zero.

表１において、昇温時間は、２５℃から２００℃まで槽内温度が上昇するのに要する時間である。昇温時間の測定にあたっては、実施例１〜５では、温調ガスの熱量を最大にし、比較例では、ヒータの能力を最大にした。

In Table 1, the temperature raising time is the time required for the temperature in the tank to rise from 25 ° C to 200 ° C. In measuring the temperature raising time, in Examples 1 to 5, the amount of heat of the temperature control gas was maximized, and in the comparative example, the capacity of the heater was maximized.

  FIG. 46 shows the relationship between the ratio Va (volume ratio) of the volume Va of the test piece 26 to the internal volume Vtp of the tank, and the temperature rising time in the tank. From Table 1 and FIG. 46, it turns out that the temperature rising time in a tank is sufficiently shorter in Examples 1-5 than a comparative example. In particular, for example, from the viewpoint of smoothly testing the test piece 26, 1 minute or less is preferable, and the shorter the time, the more preferable. When the volume ratio is 1000 or less, the degree of increase in the heating time accompanying the increase in the volume ratio is moderate (the curve is nearly horizontal), but the temperature rises as the volume ratio increases from around the volume ratio exceeding 1000. The increase in time is steep (the curve is rising).

  The temperature lowering time is the time required for the temperature in the tank to drop from 200 ° C to 50 ° C. In measuring the temperature drop time, in Examples 1 to 5, the output of the heater for heating the temperature control gas was set to zero, and in the comparative example, the output of the heater was set to zero.

  FIG. 47 shows the relationship between the ratio Va (volume ratio) of the volume Va of the test piece 26 to the internal volume Vtp of the tank, and the temperature lowering time in the tank. From Table 1 and FIG. 47, it turns out that the temperature fall time in a tank is sufficiently shorter in Examples 1-5 than a comparative example. In particular, for example, from the viewpoint of shortening the time for cooling the test piece 26 and replacing it with the next test piece 26, it is preferably 10 minutes or less, more preferably 5 minutes or less, and even more preferably 3 minutes or less.

  In Table 1, each example and comparative example were determined with respect to the temperature raising time and the temperature falling time from the above viewpoint. The determination “E” indicates that both the temperature rising time and the temperature falling time are long and there is room for improvement. On the other hand, the determination “D” indicates that both the temperature rising time and the temperature decreasing time are shorter than the determination “E”, and there is no problem in application as a material testing apparatus. Then, in order of the determinations “C”, “B”, and “A”, both the temperature rise time and the temperature fall time are shortened, indicating that preferable results can be obtained as a material testing apparatus.

  Thus, from the viewpoint of shortening both the temperature raising time and the temperature falling time of the test piece 26, the volume ratio is preferably 1000 or less (Example 5 in Table 1, judgment C), and 600 or less (Table 1 implementation). Example 1 and Example 2, determination B) are more preferable, and 300 or less (Example 3 and Example 4, determination A in Table 1) are further preferable. However, even when the volume ratio is large as in Example 5, the temperature rise time and the temperature fall time that can be practically used as the material testing apparatus can be obtained by adopting the configuration of the present invention. On the other hand, in the comparative example (determination E in Table 1), the volume ratio is the same as in Example 5, but the structure has a heater and a fan in the tank, and both the temperature rise time and the temperature fall time are long.

  Table 2 shows the relationship between the heat capacity Ca of the test piece 26 and the ratio (heat capacity ratio) of the heat capacity Ctp in the entire tank. FIG. 48 shows the relationship between the volume ratio and the heat capacity ratio.

  From FIG. 48, it can be seen that when the volume ratio is 1000 or less, the reduction in the heat capacity ratio becomes remarkable (250 or less). Furthermore, when the volume ratio is 600 or less and 300 or less, the heat capacity ratio is significantly reduced (150 or less, 75 or less). This is considered to be because when the volume ratio is small, the heat capacities of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B are also small, and the influence of a decrease in the heat capacity of the dynamic load shafts 22A and 22B acts greatly. Along with this, as the volume ratio becomes smaller, the effect of shortening the temperature rise time and the temperature fall time becomes remarkable.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Material test apparatus 14 Test tank 20 Load member 22A, 22B Dynamic load shaft 24 Holding part 26 Test piece 28 Pipe 30 Temperature control gas heater 32 Nozzle 34 Exhaust port 36 Temperature sensor 38 Control apparatus 42 Material test apparatus 46 Temperature sensor 52 Material test apparatus 54 Thermal conductor (coating material)
62 Material testing apparatus 64 Test tank 72 Material testing apparatus 74 Test tank 76 Channel wall 112 Material testing apparatus 114 Test tank 152 Material testing apparatus 154 Thermal conductor 212 Material testing apparatus 214 Test tank 222 Material testing apparatus 242 Material testing apparatus 274 Flow Road wall

Claims (18)

A load member having a holding portion for holding the test piece, and applying a mechanical load to the test piece;
A test tank in which an exhaust port for containing the test piece or the test piece and a part of the load member on the holding part side and discharging gas to the outside is formed;
Surrounding the test piece held by the load member, the nozzle is directed between the test piece and the inner surface of the test tank so as to generate a temperature-adjusted gas flow. A blowing member for blowing the gas to
A material testing device.   2. The material testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spray member is an introduction member that introduces a gas whose temperature is adjusted between the test piece held by the load member and an inner surface of the test tank. The material testing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the introduction member has a pipe that penetrates an inner wall of the test tank and in which the gas flows and the nozzle is formed. The material test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a discharge direction of the gas at the exhaust port with respect to a direction in which the gas is blown into the test tank is 90 degrees to 180 degrees. A load member having a holding portion for holding the test piece, and applying a mechanical load to the test piece;
A test tank in which an exhaust port for containing the test piece or the test piece and a part of the load member on the holding part side and discharging gas to the outside is formed;
A spray member that surrounds the test piece held by the load member and blows the gas into the test chamber from a nozzle facing the test piece so as to generate a temperature-adjusted gas flow. When,
A material testing device. The nozzle, said load member has a plurality of variance to around held the specimen, material testing apparatus according to claim 5, blowing the gas whose temperature is adjusted toward the test piece . The material testing apparatus according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein the nozzles are arranged symmetrically about the test piece. 8. The pipe according to claim 5 , wherein the spraying member has a pipe that penetrates one of the opposing inner walls of the test tank and flows toward the other of the inner walls and in which the gas flows and the nozzle is formed. The material testing apparatus according to claim 1. One of the exhaust port of the claims 5 to 8 discharge direction of the gas is less than 90 degrees or more 180 degrees with respect to blowing direction of the gas from the nozzle located relatively close to the exhaust port 2. The material testing apparatus according to item 1. The material testing apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the exhaust port is formed in the test tank in a direction of an angle bisector formed by adjacent gas flows from the plurality of nozzles. The material testing apparatus according to claim 3 or 8 , wherein a plurality of the nozzles are formed along a longitudinal direction of the pipe. The load member is a pair of mechanical load shafts that sandwich and hold the test piece in the holding portion;
The material testing apparatus according to claim 3 or 8 , wherein the pipe is arranged in parallel with the mechanical load axis. The exhaust port, said viewed from spray members in the introduction direction of the gas to the test chamber, any one of the preceding claims is provided in the test chamber surrounds the spray member to claim 1 to claim 12 The material testing apparatus described in 1. The material testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13 , wherein the exhaust port is a slit shape or an assembly of a plurality of minute holes. The material testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14 , wherein the load member includes a covering member that covers an outer peripheral portion of a portion located inside the test tank and has a higher thermal conductivity than the load member. . The material testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 15 , wherein a ratio (Va / Vtp) between an inner volume Va of the test tank and a volume Vtp of the test piece is 1000 or less. An adjuster for adjusting at least one of the temperature and the air volume of the gas sent to the spray member;
A temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the test piece;
A control device for controlling the regulator based on the temperature detected by the temperature sensor;
The material testing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: To any one of claims 1 to 17 having a flow path wall for guiding along the periphery of the spray member from said specimen said flow of said gas leading to the outlet specimen through the surrounding The material testing apparatus described.

Images