JP6465844B2 - Open shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an open shield machine used for burying underground structures such as water and sewage pipes and box culverts, and more specifically, an open shield capable of sucking and discharging groundwater from the outside of the open shield machine. Related to the machine.

  In order to embed underground structures such as water and sewage pipes and box culverts, an open shield method using an open shield machine has been frequently used. In the open shield method, a towed or self-propelled open shield machine is embedded in the soil, and underground structures are connected in the interior space of the open shield machine, and the soil is excavated in the forward direction. By moving the open shield machine forward and backfilling underground structures located behind the open shield machine (sediment and mortar are often used), A structure can be embedded continuously. Since the present applicant has already filed many applications (see, for example, Patent Document 1 to Patent Document 11) for the open shield method and the open shield machine, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

  The open shield construction method disclosed in Patent Document 12 is: “Propulsion jacks are arranged inside the left and right side wall plates, and the front and rear surfaces of the open shield machine that opens at the front, rear and top surfaces are excavated and discharged. The process, the process of extending the jacking jack to advance the shield machine with the reaction force of the concrete box, and the new concrete box hung from the top behind the jacking jack shrunk in the tail of the shield machine It was invented for the purpose of simply and reliably suppressing the intrusion of groundwater into the open shield machine in the open shield construction method in which concrete boxes are sequentially embedded in columns by repeating the setting process as appropriate. Specifically, “An open seal that has propulsion jacks inside the left and right side wall plates and that opens at the front, rear, and top surfaces. Excavating and discharging the soil in front of the front or top opening of the machine, extending the propulsion jack and advancing the shield machine using the concrete box as a reaction force, and the propulsion jack contracted within the tail part of the shield machine In the open shield method of burying concrete boxes in tandem one after another by repeatedly hanging and setting a new concrete box from above, the open shield machine has a water permeable hole below the fuselage, The open shield construction method is characterized by discharging the intrusion water from the water passage hole and lowering the groundwater level outside the open shield machine (Claim 1 of Patent Document 12). In an open shield machine with a front, rear and top opening, earth and sand flows in through the mesh or slit in the lower part of the left and right side wall plates. Open shield machine characterized by providing water-permeable holes with stopping means (Claim 5 of Patent Document 12) and "Propulsion jacks are arranged inside the left and right side wall plates, and the front, rear and top surfaces are opened. The open shield machine is characterized in that the bottom plate is provided with a water permeable hole provided with means for preventing inflow of earth and sand with a mesh or slit (Claim 6 of Patent Document 12). Groundwater that enters the open shield machine from other than the permeation hole by providing a water perforation below the fuselage of the open shield machine by the shield method, and draining the infiltrated water from this permeate hole to lower the groundwater level outside the open shield machine. Can be reduced as much as possible, so that the work in the open shield machine is not hindered. Also, unlike the installation of well points outside the open shield machine, drainage from the open shield machine itself is possible, saving the labor of installation of equipment and other items, and the location of drainage as the open shield machine progresses. Can be easily performed ”(paragraph number 0016 of Patent Document 12),“ As an open shield machine, groundwater is taken into the open shield machine from outside the lower part of the left and right side wall plates, and this intrusion water is discharged. The groundwater level outside the open shield machine can be lowered. At that time, the earth and sand inflow prevention means at the mesh or the slit can prevent the earth and sand from flowing in with the groundwater ”(paragraph number 0019 of Patent Document 12), and“ open shield the groundwater from the outside of the bottom plate as an open shield machine ” “Taking into the machine” (paragraph number 0020 of Patent Document 12) also has the same effect.

JP2015-78512A JP 2007-120130 A JP 2004-116179 A JP 2003-120182 A JP 2003-64987 A JP 2002-61492 A JP 2001-49991 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-131979 JP-A-10-299386 JP 10-131673 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-42488 JP-A-8-333987

However, in the open shield method and the open shield machine disclosed in Patent Document 12, although the earth or sand inflow prevention means is provided in the mesh or the slit, in actuality, the earth or sand passes through the mesh or the slit. There was a problem that caused pump failure. Such a problem often necessitates stopping the operation and cleaning or repairing, which significantly reduces workability.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an open shield machine capable of stable operation for a long time that can lower the groundwater level outside the open shield machine by inhaling and discharging groundwater from the outside of the open shield machine. To do.

  The open shield machine of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present open shield machine”) includes a right side plate portion and a left side plate portion arranged in the front-rear direction along the left and right side surfaces, and the right side plate portion and the left side plate portion. An open shield machine that sucks and removes water from a suction hole on at least one of the surfaces, comprising granular or powdered solids, and the suction water passes between the granular or powdered solids Thus, the sediment removal means for removing the sediment accompanying the suction water sucked from the suction hole by filtration, and the sediment removal means for sucking the suction water from the suction hole, the soil removal means An open shield machine comprising suction water transfer means for transferring suction water from which at least a part has been removed.

The open shield machine includes a right side plate portion and a left side plate portion that are disposed in the front-rear direction along the left and right side surfaces. The open shield machine is an open shield machine that sucks and removes water from a suction hole on the surface of at least one (one or both) of the right side plate part and the left side plate part. By inhaling and removing, the groundwater level outside the open shield machine can be lowered, and the intrusion of water into the open shield machine can be suppressed (in this respect, similar to the open shield machine disclosed in Patent Document 12) .)
The open shield machine includes earth and sand removal means and suction water transfer means.
The earth and sand removing means includes a large number of solid particles or powders. And the suction | inhalation water suck | inhaled from the suction hole passes between these granular or powdery solids. In this way, the suction water accompanying the sand and sand is filtered by passing between the granular or powdered solids contained in the sediment removal means, so that at least a part of the sand and sand accompanying the suction water is removed. Is done. The granular or powdered solid contained in the earth and sand removing means is preferable because even when the particle size is small, even small earth and sand accompanying the suction water is removed, but on the other hand, the suction water is in the granular or powdery state. Resistance to pass between solids increases. And when this particle size becomes large, the small earth and sand among the earth and sand accompanying the suction water will not be removed, but on the other hand, the resistance that the suction water passes between the granular or powdery solids decreases. Thus, since the size of the earth and sand removed by the particle size and the passage resistance of the suction water change, the particle size may be determined according to the use situation and purpose of the open shield machine.
The suction water transfer means transfers the suction water from which at least a part of the earth and sand has been removed by the earth and sand removal means so that the suction water is sucked from the suction hole. The suction water transfer means usually includes a pump for sucking suction water and a conduit (water pipe) for circulating the suction water.
As described above, in this open shield machine, the suction water accompanying the earth and sand is entrained in the suction water by passing between the granular or powdery solids contained in the earth and sand removing means and being filtered. At least a part of the earth and sand is removed by filtration, and the suction water is transferred by the suction water transfer means so that the suction water is sucked from the suction hole. This can reduce or prevent clogging of the conduit (water pipe) and pump failure. As a result, this open shield machine stably operates for a long time by reducing the groundwater level outside the open shield machine and suppressing the ingress of water into the open shield machine by inhaling and discharging groundwater from the outside. be able to.

This open shield machine is equipped with a sediment removal means for removing the sediment removed from the suction water by the sediment removal means (hereinafter referred to as “the open shield machine with the sediment removal means”). Good.
The suction water accompanying the earth and sand is filtered by passing between the particulate or powder solids included in the earth and sand removing means, so that at least a part of the earth and sand accompanying the suction water is removed. The removed earth and sand are often accumulated in earth and sand removing means (particularly between granular or powdered solids), which hinders the intake water from passing between the granular or powdered solids. May occur. For this reason, if the earth and sand removed from the suction water by the earth and sand removing means is provided with the earth and sand removing means for removing from the earth and sand removing means, the earth and sand removing means accumulates in the earth and sand removing means according to the accumulation of earth and sand in the earth and sand removing means. By removing the deposited earth and sand, accumulation of earth and sand in the earth and sand removing means can be eliminated, and problems caused by the accumulation can be prevented or reduced.

In the present open shield machine, the earth and sand removing means is configured to remove backwash water that is in a direction opposite to the flowing direction of the suction water when the earth and sand removing means filters the suction water and removes the earth and sand. It may be a back-washing means that flows in the flow (hereinafter referred to as “the present open shield machine with back-washing means”).
The sediment removal means is not particularly limited as long as the sediment removal means removes the sediment accumulated in the sediment removal means by removing it from the suction water, and is not particularly limited. That separates both granular and powdered solids and earth and sand by filtration, those that centrifuge them, and those that are attracted by magnetic force, and those that are separated by magnetic force Etc.), and backwashing that flows backwash water, which is water in the direction opposite to the flowing direction of the suction water when the sand removal means filters the suction water and removes the sand, It may be a means. By using the backwashing means in this way, the water flows in the direction opposite to the direction of the suction water when the earth removal means removes the earth and sand accompanying the filtered water, so the earth and sand is removed by the earth removal means. Due to the flow of water in the direction opposite to the direction of capture, the sediment accumulated in the sediment removal means is easily separated from the sediment removal means, and the sediment is easily removed from the sediment removal means.

In this open shield machine equipped with backwashing means, the backwashing water is suction water from which at least a part of the entrained earth and sand is removed by the earth removing means or ingress water existing on the soil surface inside the open shield machine. It may be the one used (hereinafter referred to as “this open shield machine equipped with backwashing means using intake water ingress water”).
In this way, the backwashing means is the backwashing water that flows to the earth and sand removing means, and the suction water from which at least a part of the entrained earth and sand has been removed by the earth and sand removing means or the soil surface inside the open shield machine. By using water, there is no need to separately prepare water used as backwash water, which can contribute to effective use of water resources.

In this open shield machine, the backwash water uses the ingress water, and has backwash water / sediment removal means for removing the earth and sand accompanying the ingress water. It may be.
When the ingress water is used as backwash water, since the ingress water is present on the soil surface inside the open shield machine, usually, the ingress water is accompanied by earth and sand. For this reason, if the ingress water with the earth and sand is flowed to the earth and sand removal means as backwash water, the effect of removing the earth and sand accumulated in the earth and sand removal means is reduced (the earth and sand accompanying the ingress water is It can also accumulate in the removal means.) For this reason, the backwash water earth and sand removal means may remove the earth and sand accompanying the ingress water in advance, and the ingress water from which the earth and sand have been removed may be used as the backwash water. The backwash water / sediment removal means can be used without particular limitation as long as it can remove the sand and sand accompanying the ingress water to a desired extent, but it can be used as a filter, a centrifuge, a sedimentation tank (sedimented sediment is entered. (Removable from water) and the like.

In this open shield machine, the backwash water uses the suction water, and the backwash means uses at least the earth and sand removal means to transfer the suction water transferred by the suction water transfer means. A suction water holding means for holding at a higher position, and a liquid high flow means for causing the suction water held by the suction water holding means to flow at a liquid height from the high position to the soil removal means. (Hereinafter, referred to as “this liquid open back washing machine equipped open shield machine”).
Thus, the backwashing means has the suction water holding means and the liquid high flow means, and the suction water holding means holds the suction water transferred by the suction water transfer means at least at a position higher than the sediment removal means. The liquid high flow means causes the suction water held in the suction water holding means to flow from the high position to the soil removal means by the liquid height, so that the suction water as backwash water is held by the suction water holding means. Since the backwash water can be flowed to the earth and sand removing means by using the height (liquid height), it is not necessary to arrange a separate pump or the like for pumping backwash water in the backwash means. The washing means can be configured easily.

In this open shield machine equipped with high liquid backwashing means, the suction water transfer means has a conduit for receiving the suction water that has passed through the sediment removal means at one end and guiding the suction water to a position higher than at least the one end. The suction water holding means may be constituted by the conduit from the one end to the high position, and the liquid high flow means may be a communication means for communicating the inside of the conduit at the high position with the outside.
The suction water transfer means has a conduit for receiving the suction water that has passed through the sediment removal means at one end and guiding the suction water to at least a position higher than the one end (usually such a conduit has such a conduit. In many cases, the suction water holding means is constituted by the conduit from the one end to the high position, and the communication means as the liquid high flow means communicates the inside of the conduit at the high position with the outside. As a result, the suction water, which is the backwash water held in the conduit from the one end to the high position, communicates the inside of the conduit at the high position with the outside, so that the suction water, which is the backwash water, is used. By utilizing the height (liquid height), the backwash water can be easily flowed to the sediment removal means.

This open shield machine is equipped with a rock removal plate with a rock non-passing hole that restricts the passage of rock and allows the passage of suction water in order to prevent or reduce the arrival of rock to the sediment removal means. (Hereinafter referred to as “the open shield machine equipped with a rock removal plate”).
The earth removal means removes the earth and sand accompanying the suction water sucked from the suction hole by filtration, but when the rock around the open shield machine reaches the earth removal means, the earth removal means may be damaged, The ability to remove sediment that accompanies inhaled water may decrease. For this reason, this open shield machine is equipped with a rock removal board, and the passage of rocks is restricted by the rock passage hole formed in the rock removal board (the rock passage hole allows the passage of suction water) and the removal of sediment. You may make it prevent or reduce that a rock reaches | attains a means.

In this open shield machine with a rock removal plate, the rock removal plate forms a part of the one surface, and the rock non-passing hole constitutes a suction hole, and the inside of the one is formed by a rock non-passing hole. A holding space that communicates with the outside and holds the sediment removal means may be formed, and the suction water transfer means may suck suction water from the holding space.
By doing so, the rock removal plate forms a part of the surface of the at least one (one or both) of the right side plate portion and the left side plate portion, and the rock non-passage hole constitutes a suction hole. A rock removing plate can be constituted by a member forming one surface, and suction water can be sucked from a rock non-passing hole. A holding space is formed in at least one (one or both) of the right side plate portion and the left side plate portion, the holding space communicates with the outside through a rock non-passing hole, and the holding space has a soil removal means. Hold. When the suction water transfer means sucks the suction water from the holding space, the water is sucked from the rock non-passage hole, which is the suction hole, and the sediment removal means held in the holding space is accompanied by the suction water sucked from the suction hole. The earth and sand to be removed can be removed by filtration, and the suction water transfer means can suck the suction water from which the earth and sand has been removed by the earth and sand removal means from the holding space. As described above, by utilizing the internal space of at least one (one or both) of the right side plate portion and the left side plate portion as a holding space, the open shield machine equipped with the rock removing plate can be configured in a small and simple manner. it can.

The present invention provides an open shield method (hereinafter referred to as “main method”) using the open shield machine.
That is, the present construction method is an open shield construction method using the present open shield machine, and includes a suction step of sucking and removing water from a suction hole existing on the one surface.
In this construction method, the suction water accompanying the earth and sand is filtered by passing between the particulate or powdery solids included in the earth and sand removal means of the open shield machine, so that the earth and sand accompanying the suction water is filtered. Since at least a part is removed by filtration and the suction water is transferred by the suction water transfer means so that the suction water is sucked from the suction hole, the amount of earth and sand accompanying the suction water transfer means is reduced, and the conduit (water pipe) ) Clogging and pump failure can be prevented or reduced. As a result, in this construction method, it is possible to perform stable operation for a long time by lowering the groundwater level outside the open shield machine and suppressing water intrusion into the open shield machine by inhaling and discharging groundwater from the outside. it can.

This construction method is an open shield construction method using an open shield machine equipped with earth and sand removal means, and includes an earth and sand removal process for removing earth and sand removed from the suction water by the earth and sand removal means after the suction process. It may be a thing.
By doing so, the sediment accumulated in the sediment removal means in the suction process is removed by the sediment removal means in the sediment removal process after the suction process, thereby preventing or reducing problems due to accumulation of sediment in the sediment removal means. This method can be carried out effectively and stably.

It is a top view which shows the open shield machine (this open shield machine) which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a front view of this open shield machine shown in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view (FIG. 3A shows a cross section taken along the line BB in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3B shows a cross section taken along the line CC in FIG. 2). It is DD sectional drawing of the Fig.3 (a) (The state which removed the filter medium is shown in figure). It is a figure which shows the place which looked at the porous part from the arrow E direction in Fig.3 (a). FIG. 6A is a view showing the porous portion viewed from the direction of arrow F in FIG. 3B, and FIG. 6B is a view showing another example of the porous portion. It is a figure which shows the pipe connection state of this open shield machine. Sectional drawing of the left front lower chamber and the left tail lower chamber which comprise the open shield machine (this open shield machine) which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention (Fig.8 (a) is a cross section of a left front lower chamber, FIG. 8 (b) is a cross section of the left tail lower chamber). It is GG sectional drawing of the Fig.8 (a) (The state which removed the filter medium is shown in figure). It is a graph which shows the result of the water absorption experiment using this open shield machine of a 1st embodiment. It is a graph which shows the result of the water absorption experiment using this open shield machine of a 2nd embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited by these.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an open shield machine (present open shield machine) 11 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the open shield machine 11 (in FIG. 1, an arrow). 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 (specifically, FIG. 3 (a) shows a cross-section BB of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 (b) shows a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3). FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 3A (however, in order to facilitate understanding, a state in which a filter medium 57 described later is removed is illustrated. FIG. 5 shows the porous portion 23bbh seen from the direction of arrow E in FIG. 3 (a), and FIG. 6 (a) shows the porous portion 33bbh from the direction of arrow F in FIG. 3 (b). It shows what you see. FIG. 6B shows another example of the porous portion 33bbh (seen from the same direction as FIG. 6A).
The open shield machine 11 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  In the present open shield machine 11, the front part 21 and the tail part 31 are slidable (displaceable) with respect to each other in the front-rear direction (in the figure, the front direction is indicated by the arrow Q1 and the rear direction is indicated by the arrow Q2). A propulsion jack 41 (a total of four propulsion jacks 41 are disposed because the pair of left and right propulsion jacks 41 is disposed vertically) between the front portion 21 and the tail portion 31. It is attached. When the four propulsion jacks 41 are extended (the hydraulic device for extending and contracting the propulsion jack 41 and its control device are accommodated in the control unit 61), the front portion 21 and the tail portion 31 extend back and forth. Therefore, if there is earth and sand (for example, the backfilled material) behind the open shield machine 11, the front portion of the earth and sand is squeezed toward the rear and the front reaction force is generated by the forward reaction force generated by the compaction. 21 moves forward (in the direction of arrow Q1), then when the propulsion jack 41 is contracted together with excavation in the front, the tail portion 31 moves forward (in the direction of arrow Q1), and then backfills the earth behind the open shield machine 11 When the propulsion jack 41 is extended again, the front end of the earth and sand is pressed and solidified to the rear, and the front reaction force generated by the compaction is applied to the front. 21 moves forward again. Thus, the process of extending the propulsion jack 41 (rearward compaction of sand and sand and advancing the front part 21), excavating forward, contracting the propulsion jack 41 (advance of the tail part 31), and backfilling the earth and sand back. By repeating the above, the open shield machine 11 can be advanced while the earth and sand behind the open shield machine 11 are pressed and solidified. As the open shield machine 11 advances in this manner, underground structures (not shown) such as water and sewage pipes and box culverts are sequentially embedded in the inside 11c of the open shield machine 11 in the front-rear direction. The underground structure (not shown) can be continuously embedded along the line.

  A pair of front parts 21 are arranged on the left and right (the left and right recognized by the operator (not shown) on the control unit 61 when the operator is facing forward) (the direction of the arrow Q1). A front side plate portion 23a and a left front side plate portion 23b (a right front side plate portion 23ab is fixed to the right front side plate portion 23a and a left front side plate 23bb is fixed to the left front side plate portion 23b); A pair of front support beams 24 and 25 that support the right front side plate portion 23a and the left front side plate portion 23b by having one end attached to the inner surface of the front side plate portion 23a and the other end attached to the inner surface of the left front side plate portion 23b; , Has.

The tail part 31 has one end attached to the inner surface of the right tail side plate part 33a and the other end attached to the inner surface of the left tail side plate part 33b. Tail support beams 35c and 35d for supporting the right tail side plate portion 33a and the left tail side plate portion 33b (specifically, the tail support beams 35c and 35d are an inner surface of a right tail side plate main body 33am and a left tail side plate main body 33bm described later). The inner surface is connected).
The left tail side plate portion 33b includes a left tail side plate 33bb and a left tail side plate main body 33bm. The left tail side plate 33bb is attached to the left tail side plate main body 33bm so as to be slidable back and forth, and is connected to the left front side plate 23bb to move integrally with the left front side plate 23bb in the front-rear direction.
The right tail side plate portion 33a includes a right tail side plate 33ab and a right tail side plate main body 33am. The right tail side plate 33ab is attached to the right tail side plate main body 33am so as to be slidable back and forth, and is connected to the right front side plate 23ab so as to move integrally with the right front side plate 23ab.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A in particular, the left front side plate portion 23b has a left front lower chamber 26 formed in the front-rear direction (arrow Q1, Q2 direction) along its lower surface 23bd. . The left front lower chamber 26 includes an inner space 26r by a lower plate 20a of the left front side plate portion 23b, an inner plate 20b of the left front side plate portion 23b, a left front side plate 23bb, and a partition plate 20d of the left front side plate portion. (See FIG. 3A in particular). The inner space 26r of the left front lower chamber 26 has a porous portion 23bbh formed in the lower part of the left front side plate 23bb (as shown in FIG. 5, a circular opening 29 having a diameter of 10 mm, and the center of the circle is 15 mm both vertically and horizontally). Openings 29 along a circle having a radius of 5 mm centered on the intersection (that is, the intersection of a plurality of parallel lines every 15 mm vertically and a plurality of parallel lines every 15 mm horizontally drawn on the left front side plate 23bb) Are formed so that the outer space 301 is communicated with the exterior 301 (the interior space 26r of the left front lower chamber 26 is the exterior 301 except for the opening 29 of the porous portion 23bbh. And is liquid-tight.)

As shown in FIG. 4, a branch pipe 51 is disposed in the left front lower chamber 26 along the front-rear direction (the directions of arrows Q1 and Q2). The other end of the pipe 51 is connected to a trunk pipe 56 described later. Three intake pipes 53a, 53b, and 53c are connected to the branch pipe 51 by connecting pipes 55a, 55b, and 55c, respectively. Each of the three suction pipes 53a, 53b, and 53c has a diameter of 10 mm in a hollow pipe (here, diameter 32 mm × length 550 mm) sealed at the tip (end not connected to the connection pipes 55a, 55b, and 55c). And a 10-mesh wire net having a thickness of 0.4 mm is wound around the outer surface of the tube.
The inner space 26r of the left front lower chamber 26 is filled with a filter medium 57. For the filter medium 57, silica sand having a particle size of 1.7 mm to 4.8 mm is used (specifically, a product name “Ube silica sand” manufactured by Ube Sand Industries, Ltd., model number “1A”). Then, a wire mesh 58 (specifically, a thickness of 0.5 mm × 12 mesh) is used so that the filter medium 57 does not flow out from the opening 29 of the porous portion 23bbh to the outside 301. .) Is lined on the left front lower chamber 26 internal space 26r side of the porous portion 23bbh.

For this reason, when the inside of the branch pipe 51 is depressurized, water existing in the outside 301 in the vicinity of the porous portion 23bbh is sucked into the left front lower chamber 26 internal space 26r from the opening 29 of the porous portion 23bbh via the wire mesh 58 and sucked in. Water can be sucked in from the outer surfaces of the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c while filtering the fresh water through the filter medium 57.
A right front lower chamber (not shown) similar to the left front lower chamber 26 in which the branch pipe 51 to which the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c are connected is provided also on the right front side plate portion 23a. (In the right front lower chamber (not shown), an opening 29 is formed in the right front side plate 23ab).
Here, as shown in FIG. 5, as shown in FIG. 5, a large number of circular openings 29 having a diameter of 10 mm are formed so that the centers are 15 mm apart in both the vertical and horizontal directions. In this case, the diameter is 10 mm), the interval (here, the center of the circle is 15 mm apart in both vertical and horizontal directions), the array (here, the center of the circle exists at the intersection of the lattices with the same vertical and horizontal intervals), and the opening shape (here circular). Various changes can be made according to the usage status of the machine 11. For example, a circular opening having a diameter of 15 mm centering on a lattice point of a regular triangular lattice having a distance between lattice points of 30 mm may be used.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3B, the left tail side plate portion 33b includes a left tail side plate body 33bm and a left tail side plate 33bb that is slidably attached to the left tail side plate 33b. A left tail lower chamber 36 is formed inside the left tail side plate body 33bm in the front-rear direction (arrows Q1, Q2 direction) along the lower surface 33bd. The left tail lower chamber 36 includes a lower plate 34a of the left tail side plate main body 33bm, an inner plate 34b of the left tail side plate main body 33bm, an outer plate 34c of the left tail side plate main body 33bm, and a partition plate 34d of the left tail side plate main body 33bm. As a result, an internal space 36r is formed (see particularly FIG. 3B). As shown in FIG. 5, a circular opening 34cha having a diameter of 10 mm is formed in the lower portion of the outer plate 34c (the portion facing the inner space 36r) as in the case of the porous portion 34ch (the porous portion 23bbh formed in the lower portion of the left front side plate 23bb). However, the center of the circle is formed so that both the length and width are 15 mm apart.), And the inner space 36r communicates with the outside 301 by the porous portion 34ch (the left tail lower chamber 36). The inner space 36r is liquid-tight with the outer portion 301 except for the opening 34cha of the porous portion 34ch. The left tail side plate 33bb has a porous portion 33bbh formed in a lower portion thereof (as shown in FIG. 6A), a slit 39 having a width (front-rear direction dimension) of 20 mm × a length (up-down direction dimension) of 160 mm is 60 mm in the front-rear direction. The internal space 36r communicates with the exterior 301 through a wire mesh 58, an opening 34cha, and a slit 39 (the left tail side plate relative to the left tail side plate body 33bm). When 33bb slides back and forth, the left tail side plate 33bb and a part of the outer plate 34c may not overlap each other, and in this case, the internal space 36r communicates with the outside 301 through the wire mesh 58 and the opening 34cha. The interior space 36r of the tail lower chamber 36 is communicated with the outside 301 by the wire mesh 58, the opening 34cha and the slit 39 or the wire mesh 58 and the opening. Except for communicating with the outside 301 by 4Cha, it is configured liquid-tightly to the external 301.).

In the left tail lower chamber 36, the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c of the left front lower chamber 26, the connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, and the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c similar to the branch pipe 51 (FIG. 3B). ), The suction pipe 53b appears.), The connection pipes 55a, 55b, and 55c (the connection pipe 55b appears in FIG. 3B) and the branch pipe 51 are arranged.
The inner space 36r of the left tail lower chamber 36 is filled with the same filter medium 57 as that of the left front lower chamber 26. In order to prevent the filter material 57 from flowing out from the opening 34cha of the porous portion 34ch toward the outside 301, a wire mesh 58 having a finer mesh than the opening 34cha (the same wire mesh 58 as that of the left front lower chamber 26 is used). .) Is lined on the left tail lower chamber 36 internal space 36r side of the porous portion 34ch.

For this reason, when the inside of the branch pipe 51 is depressurized, the water existing in the outside 301 in the vicinity of the porous portion 33bbh passes through the slit 39 of the porous portion 33bbh, the opening 34cha of the porous portion 34ch, and the wire mesh 58 to the inside of the left tail lower chamber 36. While sucking into the space 36r and filtering the sucked water through the filter medium 57, water can be sucked from the outer surfaces of the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c. The portion where the outer plate 34c and the left tail side plate 33bb overlap with each other sucks the water existing in the outside 301 from the slit 39 (the water further passes through the opening 34cha after passing through the slit 39). A portion where the outer plate 34c and the left tail side plate 33bb do not overlap is sucked from the opening 34cha.
A right tail lower chamber (not shown) similar to the left tail lower chamber 36 provided with the branch pipe 51 to which the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c are connected is also formed in the right tail side plate portion 33a. (In the right tail lower chamber (not shown), a slit 39 is formed in the right tail side plate 33ab).
In addition, here, as shown in FIG. 6A, the slits 39 having a width of 20 mm × a length of 160 mm are formed at intervals of 60 mm in the front-rear direction, as described above. Various changes can be made according to the use situation of the open shield machine 11. For example, as shown in FIG. 6B, slits 39c having a width (front-rear dimension) of 50 mm × length (up-down dimension) of 160 mm may be formed at intervals of 20 mm in the front-rear direction.

  Here, as holes for sucking water existing in the outside 301, the left front lower chamber 26 and the right front lower chamber are the openings 29 of the porous portion 23bbh, and the left tail lower chamber 36 and the right tail lower chamber of the porous portion 33bbh. The slit 39 (the opening 34cha is a portion where the outer plate 34c and the left tail side plate 33bb do not overlap) is not limited to this, and slits are formed in the left front lower chamber 26 and the right front lower chamber. The opening 29 may be formed in the left tail lower chamber 36 and the right tail lower chamber, and the opening size, opening interval, opening arrangement and opening shape can be changed, and the slit width, slit The length and slit interval can also be changed.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the pipe connection of the open shield machine 11.
As shown in FIG. 7, the branch pipe 51a disposed in the left front lower chamber (the branch pipe has been described as the reference numeral 51 so far, but hereinafter, for ease of explanation and understanding, 51a, 51b, 51c. 51d), a branch pipe 51b disposed in the right front lower chamber, a branch pipe 51c disposed in the left tail lower chamber 36, and a right tail lower chamber. Each of the branch pipes 51 d is connected to one end of one trunk pipe 56. The other end of the trunk pipe 56 is connected to the open valve 70. In addition to the other end of the trunk pipe 56, the open valve 70 includes a base end of a single pipe 72 whose tip is open to the outside 301, and one end of a connection pipe 70 c that communicates a first valve 71 and an open valve 70 described later. And the open valve 70 is operated, so that the state in which the stem pipe 56 and the connection pipe 70c are in communication and the state in which the stem pipe 56 and the single pipe 72 are in communication are freely set. You can choose. The other end of the connection pipe 70 c is connected to the first valve 71. In addition to the connection pipe 70c, the first valve 71 is connected to a suction pipe 73s of the water suction pump 73 and a discharge pipe 74d of a discharge pump 74 (submersible pump) that discharges water from the settling tank 75. By operating the first valve 71, it is possible to freely select a state where the connection pipe 70c and the suction pipe 73s are communicated with each other and a state where the connection pipe 70c and the discharge pipe 74d are communicated. In addition, the front-end | tip of the discharge pipe 73d of the water absorption pump 73 is connected to the waste water treatment apparatus which is not shown in figure.

An open water drain pump 76 (submersible pump) that drains groundwater that has entered the open shield machine 11 is disposed inside the open shield machine 11. A discharge pipe 76 d of the incoming water drain pump 76 is connected to the second valve 77. In addition to the discharge pipe 76d, the second valve 77 is connected to a proximal end of an incoming water transfer pipe 78 that transfers incoming water to the settling tank 75 and a proximal end of an incoming water drain pipe 79 that drains incoming water. By operating the second valve 77, the state where the discharge pipe 76d and the incoming water transfer pipe 78 are communicated with each other and the state where the discharge pipe 76d and the incoming water drain pipe 79 are communicated are freely set. Can be selected. Therefore, the water that has entered the interior of the open shield machine 11 is pumped by the incoming water drainage pump 76 and operated by the second valve 77 to be injected into the settling tank 75 via the incoming water transfer pipe 78 (described later). As described above, the water can be effectively used as backwash water), and can be selected to be injected into a wastewater treatment apparatus (not shown) via the incoming water drainage pipe 79.
Incoming water is injected into the sedimentation tank 75 from the tip of the ingress water transfer pipe 78, and sediment and water are separated by sedimentation in the sedimentation tank 75. As described later, the water from which the sediment has been separated is discharged from the discharge pump. 74, and is discharged from the surfaces of the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c via the first valve 71, the connection pipe 70c, the release valve 70, the trunk pipe 56 and the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, The suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, the filter medium 57, and the holes (opening 29, opening 34cha, slit 39) can be washed (backwashed) to eliminate clogging of the suction pipe, filter medium, and hole due to earth and sand. it can.
Among these, the open valve 70, the first valve 71, and the water suction pump 73 are accommodated in the water suction / drainage unit 91 supported by the tail portion 31. The sedimentation tank 75 and the second valve 77 are accommodated in a backwash unit 95 disposed outside or inside the open shield machine 11.

An operation of lowering the groundwater level outside the open shield machine 11 by inhaling and discharging groundwater from the periphery of the open shield machine 11 will be described. First, the open valve 70 is operated to connect the trunk pipe 56 and the connecting pipe 70c, and the first valve 71 is operated to connect the connecting pipe 70c and the suction pipe 73s to operate the water absorption pump 73. Thereby, the hole (opening 29, slit 39, opening 34cha), filter medium 57, suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56, By sequentially passing through the open valve 70, the connecting pipe 70c, the first valve 71, and the suction pipe 73s, the ground water is drained from the water suction pump 73 through the discharge pipe 73d to a wastewater treatment apparatus (not shown) (this open shield machine 11). Reduce the groundwater level outside.)
By sucking in the groundwater, the earth and sand existing around the open shield machine 11 adheres to the holes (opening 29, slit 39, opening 34cha), filter medium 57, and suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c. If the suction resistance increases and the groundwater cannot be sucked well, the following backwashing process may be performed. In the backwashing process, a backwashing process using pressure due to the liquid height (hereinafter referred to as “liquid high backwashing process”) and a backwashing process using the discharge pressure of the discharge pump 74 (hereinafter referred to as “pump backwashing”). Can be performed.

The liquid high back washing process uses the liquid height (head) of water present in the pipe (mainly the trunk pipe 56) from the open valve 70 (located at a position higher than the suction pipe) to the suction pipe, Specifically, in a state where water is present in the pipe up to the open valve 70 or close to the open valve 70, the open valve 70 is operated so that the trunk pipe 56 and the single pipe 72 communicate with each other. Thereby, the single pipe 72 sucks air from the outside 301, and water contained in the pipe from the open valve 70 to the suction pipe passes through the trunk pipe 56 and the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, and the suction pipe 53a, It is discharged from the surfaces 53b and 53c. As a result, the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, the filter medium 57, and the holes (opening 29, slit 39, open hole 34cha) are washed (backwashed), and clogging of the suction pipe, filter medium, and hole due to earth and sand is eliminated. can do.
The pump backwashing process is backwashing using water discharged from the discharge pump 74. Specifically, the first valve 71 is operated so that the connection pipe 70c and the discharge pipe 74d are in communication with each other and opened. The discharge pump 74 is operated by operating the valve 70 so that the main pipe 56 and the connecting pipe 70c are in communication with each other. Thus, the water from which the sediment has been separated in the sedimentation tank 75 is pumped by the discharge pump 74, and the discharge pipe 74d, the first valve 71, the connection pipe 70c, the release valve 70, the trunk pipe 56 and the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, The suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, the filter medium 57, and the holes (opening 29, slit 39, opening 34cha) are washed (backwashed) by being discharged from the surfaces of the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c via 51d. ) And clogging of the suction pipe, filter medium, and hole due to earth and sand can be eliminated.
As described above, the liquid backwashing step uses the liquid height (head) of the water contained in the pipe from the open valve 70 to the suction pipe, so that the amount and pressure of backwashing are limited. The operation can be easily performed only by operating the opening valve 70. On the other hand, since the pump backwashing process uses water discharged from the discharge pump 74, the amount and pressure of backwashing water can be increased. There is also an advantage that the water that has entered the open shield machine 11 can be effectively used for backwashing. Therefore, when the degree of clogging due to earth and sand is large, the pump back washing process is performed, and when the degree of clogging is small, the liquid high back washing process can be used properly. If the clogging is not sufficiently improved after the first stroke, the pump backwashing stroke can be performed.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the left front lower chamber 26 and the left tail lower chamber 36 constituting the open shield machine (the present open shield machine) according to the second embodiment of the present invention (specifically, FIG. FIG. 8B is a cross section of the left front lower chamber 26 (showing the same cross-sectional position as FIG. 3A), and FIG. 8B is a cross-section of the left tail lower chamber 36 (cross-sectional position similar to FIG. 3B). FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line GG in FIG. 8A (however, in order to facilitate understanding, the state excluding the filter medium 57 is illustrated). .
The open shield machine of the second embodiment includes a left front lower chamber 26, a left tail lower chamber 36, a branch pipe 51 and a connection pipe in the right front lower chamber and the right tail lower chamber of the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment. 55a, 55b, 55c and suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c differ only in that they are replaced with branch pipes 51, and the remainder is the same as that of the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment. A duplicate description is omitted (see the description of the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment if necessary).

As shown in FIGS. 8A and 9, a branch pipe 51 is disposed in the left front lower chamber 26 along the front-rear direction (arrows Q1 and Q2 directions). Blocked. A large number of communication holes 51h are formed in the branch pipe 51 to communicate the inside of the branch pipe 51 and the internal space 26r along the longitudinal direction thereof. The communication holes 51h are formed at intervals J (here, J = about 80 mm) in the longitudinal direction of the branch pipe 51, and the diameters of the communication holes 51h are approximately equal at intervals along the circumference of the branch pipe 51. Eight 6 mm communicating holes 51h are formed.
For this reason, when the inside of the branch pipe 51 is depressurized, water existing in the outside 301 in the vicinity of the porous portion 23bbh is sucked into the left front lower chamber 26 internal space 26r from the opening 29 of the porous portion 23bbh via the wire mesh 58 and sucked in. The drained water can be sucked into the branch pipe 51 from the communication hole 51 h while being filtered by the filter medium 57.
A right front lower chamber (not shown) similar to the left front lower chamber 26 in which the branch pipe 51 in which such a large number of communication holes 51h are formed is disposed is also formed in the right front side plate portion 23a ( In the right front lower chamber (not shown), an opening 29 is formed in the right front side plate 23ab.)

The left tail lower chamber 36 is provided with a branch pipe 51 (a number of communication holes 51h are formed) similar to the branch pipe 51 of the left front lower chamber 26 described above.
Therefore, when the inside of the branch pipe 51 is depressurized, water existing in the outside 301 in the vicinity of the porous portion 33bbh is sucked into the internal space 36r of the left tail lower chamber 36 from the slit 39 of the porous portion 33bbh via the opening 34cha and the wire mesh 58. The sucked water can be sucked into the branch pipe 51 from the communication hole 51h while being filtered by the filter medium 57. Further, the portion where the outer plate 34c and the left tail side plate 33bb do not overlap is sucked into the inner space 36r of the left tail lower chamber 36 through the opening 34cha, and the sucked water is filtered by the filter medium 57, and the communication hole 51h can be sucked into the branch pipe 51.
A right tail lower chamber (not shown) similar to the left tail lower chamber 36 in which the branch pipe 51 in which such a large number of communication holes 51h are formed is disposed is also formed in the right tail side plate portion 33a ( In the lower right tail chamber (not shown), a slit 39 is formed in the right tail side plate 33ab.)

  That is, the open shield machine of the second embodiment is connected to the branch pipe 51 itself without using the connecting pipes 55a, 55b, 55c and the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c of the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment. By forming a large number of communication holes 51h, water flows into the branch pipe 51 from the left front lower chamber 26 internal space 26r, the right front lower indoor space, the left tail lower chamber 36 internal space 36r, and the right tail lower indoor space. Inhaled directly. By doing so, the connection pipes 55a, 55b, and 55c and the suction pipes 53a, 53b, and 53c are not necessary, and the configuration of the open shield machine can be simplified. Note that the present open shield machine 11 according to the first embodiment includes the connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c and the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, which is one of the connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c and the suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c. When a problem such as clogging occurs in a part, the problem can be solved by replacing the problem, so that maintenance can be easily and quickly performed and the operating rate can be improved.

(Water absorption experiment)
A water absorption experiment was performed using the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment.
The open valve 70 and the first valve 71 are operated so that the main pipe 56, the connection pipe 70c, and the suction pipe 73s communicate with each other, and the second valve 77 is set so that the discharge pipe 76d and the incoming water drain pipe 79 communicate with each other. In the operated state, as shown in FIG. 7, the flow rate F3 passing through the discharge pipe 73d of the water suction pump 73 and the flow rate F2 passing through the incoming water drain pipe 79 were measured.
FIG. 10 shows the measurement results. FIG. 10 shows the amount of water (total water amount (integrated water amount) for one minute of the flow rates F2 and F3. Unit: m ³ ) on the vertical axis (in FIG. 10, “underwater P drainage amount” is one minute of the flow rate F2. total water (unit: ^{m 3)} of indicates, "WP.P effluent amount" total water (unit: ^{m 3)} of 1 minute flow F3. showing the), left graph (in FIG. 10, "underwater "Drained only by P") is when the water suction pump 73 is stopped and the ingress water drainage pump 76 is operated, and F3 total water amount = 0 (the water absorption pump 73 is stopped, so 0) That is, F2 total water amount = 0.34 m ³ . This F2 total water amount = 0.34 m ³ indicates the amount of water entering the inside of the conventional open shield in the environment where the water absorption experiment was conducted.
The graph on the right side of FIG. 10 (shown as “WP.P + water P in water” in FIG. 10) is obtained when the water intake pump 73 is operated and the ingress water drain pump 76 is operated, and F3 It shows that the total water amount = 0.34 m ³ and the F2 total water amount = 0.08 m ³ .
That is, in an environment where 0.34 m ³ (F2 total water amount in the left graph of FIG. 10) of water enters the conventional open shield in one minute, the water entering the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment is It became clear that only 0.08 m ³ (F2 total water amount in the graph on the right side of FIG. 10) of water entered, and water entry could be significantly reduced (about 76% of water entry was reduced). (0.34-0.08) /0.34=about 0.765.)

Similar to the above-described water absorption experiment using the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment, a water absorption experiment using the open shield machine of the second embodiment was performed.
FIG. 11 shows the measurement results. FIG. 11 shows the amount of water (unit: m ³ ) on the vertical axis (in FIG. 11, “in-water P drainage” indicates the total amount of water (unit: m ³ ) for one minute at the flow rate F2, and “WP. The “P drainage amount” indicates the total water amount (unit: m ³ ) for one minute at the flow rate F3.) The left graph (shown as “drainage only underwater P” in FIG. 11) shows the water absorption pump 73. And F3 total water amount = 0 (because the water absorption pump 73 is stopped, 0), and F2 total water amount = 0.34 m ^3. Is shown. This F2 total water amount = 0.34 m ³ indicates the amount of water entering the inside of the conventional open shield in the environment where the water absorption experiment was conducted.
The graph on the right side of FIG. 11 (shown as “WP.P + water P in water” in FIG. 11) is obtained when the water intake pump 73 is operated and the ingress water drain pump 76 is operated, and F3 indicating that was total water = 0.49 m ^3, F2 total water = 0.07 m ^3.
That is, in an environment where water of 0.34 m ³ (F2 total water amount in the graph on the left side of FIG. 11) enters into the conventional open shield, water entering the open shield machine of the second embodiment is zero. It became clear that only 0.07 m ³ (F2 total water amount in the graph on the right side of FIG. 11) of water entered, and water entry could be remarkably reduced (about 79% of water entry was reduced. 0.34-0.07) /0.34=about 0.794.)

(Backwash experiment)
When a water absorption experiment was performed using the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment, there was a tendency that the flow rate F3 decreased and the flow rate F2 increased as the F3 total water amount increased. A backwashing experiment was conducted assuming that the cause was clogging by the inhaled earth and sand.
Specifically, immediately after the start of the water absorption experiment, the flow rate F3 = 0.34 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.08 m ³ / min, but the F3 total water amount (the accumulated water amount since the start of the water absorption experiment) Was 5.6 m ³ (about 20 minutes after starting the water absorption experiment), the flow rate F3 = 0.23 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.17 m ³ / min. A washing process was performed. Thereafter, when the water absorption experiment was performed again, the flow rate F3 = 0.30 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.11 m ³ / min were obtained. According to the liquid high backwashing process, the flow rate F3 did not recover as much as that immediately after the start of the water absorption experiment (0.34 m ³ / min), but the liquid high backwashing process can be performed quickly and is sufficiently practical. It was a sexual thing.
Immediately after the start of another water absorption experiment, the flow rate F3 = 0.32 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.12 m ³ / min, but the F3 total water amount (the accumulated water amount after starting the water absorption experiment) is When it reached 6.0 m ³ (about 20 minutes after the start of the water absorption experiment), the flow rate F3 = 0.25 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.18 m ³ / min. For about 0.5 minutes (the total amount of backwash water discharged from the discharge pump 74 was 0.2 m ³ ). Thereafter, when the water absorption experiment was performed again, the flow rate F3 = 0.31 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.12 m ³ / min. According to the pump back washing process, the flow rate F3 recovered to the level immediately after the start of the water absorption experiment (0.32 m ³ / min).

Moreover, the backwashing experiment using this open shield machine of 2nd Embodiment was conducted.
Immediately after the start water absorption experiment, the flow rate F3 = 0.49 m ³ / min, the flow rate F2 = 0.07 m ³ / min at which was but, F3 total water (accumulated water from the start of the water absorption experiment) is 7.9 m ³ when it becomes (approximately 20 minutes after the start of the water absorption experiment), flow F3 = 0.32 m ³ / min, due to a flow rate F2 = 0.25 m ³ / min, liquid was high backwash process described above . Thereafter, when the water absorption experiment was performed again, the flow rate F3 = 0.43 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.14 m ³ / min were obtained. According to the liquid high backwashing process, the flow rate F3 did not recover as much as that immediately after the start of the water absorption experiment (0.49 m ³ / min), but the liquid high backwashing process can be performed quickly and is sufficiently practical. It was a sexual thing.
Immediately after the start of another water absorption experiment, the flow rate F3 = 0.42 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.12 m ³ / min, but the F3 total water amount (the accumulated water amount after starting the water absorption experiment) is when it becomes 7.2 m ³ (about 20 minutes after the start of the water absorption experiment), flow F3 = 0.29 m ³ / min, due to a flow rate F2 = 0.25 m ³ / min, the pump described above backwash stroke For about 0.5 minutes (the total amount of backwash water discharged from the discharge pump 74 was 0.2 m ³ ). Thereafter, when the water absorption experiment was performed again, the flow rate F3 = 0.40 m ³ / min and the flow rate F2 = 0.13 m ³ / min were obtained. According to the pump back washing process, the flow rate F3 recovered to the level immediately after the start of the water absorption experiment (0.42 m ³ / min).

As described above, since both the present open shield machine 11 according to the first embodiment and the present open shield machine according to the second embodiment filter the suction water by the filter medium 57, pipe clogging or pumping with earth and sand is performed. While preventing or reducing failure (the frequency of stopping operation and cleaning or repairing is low, improving workability), the amount of water that stably enters the open shield can be significantly reduced.
In addition, this open shield machine performs the backwashing process (liquid high backwashing process, pump backwashing process) when the suction input is reduced and the flow rate F3 is reduced due to clogging with the sucked earth and sand. Thus, the amount of water entering the open shield stably and continuously can be significantly reduced.
In this way, this open shield machine can lower the groundwater level outside the open shield machine by inhaling and discharging groundwater from the outside of the open shield machine, while suppressing the ingress of water into the open shield machine, Long-term stable operation is possible.

  The open shield machine 11 according to the first embodiment includes a right side plate portion (right front side plate portion 23a, right tail side plate portion 33a) and a left side arranged in the front-rear (arrow Q1, arrow Q2) direction along both left and right side surfaces. It includes a plate portion (left front side plate portion 23b, left tail side plate portion 33b), right side plate portion (right front side plate portion 23a, right tail side plate portion 33a) and left side plate portion (left front side plate portion 23b, left tail side plate portion 33b). ) On the surface of at least one (here, both) (open hole 29 for left front side plate portion 23b and right front side plate portion 23a, and slit 39 for left tail side plate portion 33b and right tail side plate portion 33a). An open shield machine that sucks and removes water from the open holes 34cha), and is a granular or powdery solid (here, silica sand having a particle size of 1.7 mm to 4.8 mm) In addition, when the suction water passes between the granular or powdery solids, the earth and sand accompanying the suction water sucked from the suction holes (opening hole 29, slit 39, opening hole 34cha) is removed. The soil removal means (filter medium 57 in this case) to be removed by filtration and the sand removal means (filter medium 57) so that the suction water is sucked from the suction holes (opening hole 29, slit 39, opening 34cha). Suction water transfer means for transferring suction water from which at least a part of the earth and sand is removed (here, suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk) A pipe 56, an open valve 70, a connection pipe 70c, a first valve 71, a suction pipe 73s, a water suction pump 73, and a discharge pipe 73d). It is.

The open shield machine of the second embodiment includes a right side plate (right front side plate 23a, right tail side plate 33a) and a left side plate arranged in the front-rear (arrow Q1, arrow Q2) direction along the left and right side surfaces. (Left front side plate portion 23b, left tail side plate portion 33b), right side plate portion (right front side plate portion 23a, right tail side plate portion 33a) and left side plate portion (left front side plate portion 23b, left tail side plate portion 33b). Among these, the suction holes (the opening 29 for the left front side plate portion 23b and the right front side plate portion 23a, and the slit 39 and the opening for the left tail side plate portion 33b and the right tail side plate portion 33a are present on the surface of at least one (here, both). This is an open shield machine that sucks and removes water from the holes 34cha), and contains granular or powdery solids (here, silica sand having a particle size of 1.7 mm to 4.8 mm). When the suction water passes between the granular or powdery solids, the soil and sand accompanying the suction water sucked from the suction holes (opening 29, slit 39, opening 34cha) is filtered. The sand removal means (filter medium 57 in this case) and the sand removal means (filter medium 57) entrain the suction water so that the suction water is sucked from the suction holes (opening hole 29, slit 39, opening 34cha). Suction water transfer means for transferring suction water from which at least part of the earth and sand is removed (branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56, open valve 70, connection pipe 70c, first valve 71, suction A pipe 73s, a water absorption pump 73, and a discharge pipe 73d.).
In both the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the open shield machine of the second embodiment, the particle size of the granular or powdered solid constituting the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57) is small. This is preferable because even small earth and sand accompanying the suction water is removed, but on the other hand, the resistance of the suction water to pass between the granular or powdery solids increases, so it may be in a range where both of them are compatible. In general, a material having a size of 0.85 mm to 9.5 mm (measured by a soil particle size test defined in “JIS A 1204”) can be used.

The open shield machine 11 according to the first embodiment is configured to remove earth and sand removed from the suction water by the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57) from the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57) (here, suction pipes 53a, 53b, and 53c). And connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, a main pipe 56, and an open valve 70, a liquid high backwashing section, an incoming water drainage pump 76, and a discharge pipe 76d. , Second valve 77, incoming water transfer pipe 78, settling tank 75, discharge pump 74, discharge pipe 74d, first valve 71, connection pipe 70c, release valve 70, trunk pipe 56, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d. And a pump backwashing section configured to include connection pipes 55a, 55b, and 55c and suction pipes 53a, 53b, and 53c.
The present open shield machine of the second embodiment is configured to remove earth and sand removed from the suction water by the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57) from the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57) (here, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, a trunk pipe 56, and an open valve 70, a liquid backwashing section, an incoming water drainage pump 76, a discharge pipe 76d, a second valve 77, an incoming water transfer pipe 78, a settling tank 75, and a discharge A pump backwashing unit configured to include a pump 74, a discharge pipe 74d, a first valve 71, a connection pipe 70c, an open valve 70, a trunk pipe 56, and branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d. ).

In any of the present open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the present open shield machine of the second embodiment, the earth and sand removing means (liquid high back washing part, pump back washing part) is the earth and sand removing means (filter material). 57) is a backwashing means for flowing backwash water, which is water in a direction opposite to the flowing direction of the suction water when filtering the suction water and removing the sand, to the sand removal means (filter medium 57).
In any of the present open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the present open shield machine of the second embodiment, backwash water is at least a part of the earth and sand accompanied by the earth and sand removing means (filter material 57). Intake water from which water is removed (in the case of backwashing by the liquid backwashing part) or ingress water existing on the soil surface inside the open shield machine (in the case of backwashing by the pump backwashing part) is used.

In any of the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the open shield machine of the second embodiment, the backwash water uses the ingress water (in the case of backwash by the pump backwash section). And having backwashing water and sand removal means (here, sedimentation tank 75) for removing the sand and sand accompanying the ingress water.
In the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment, the backwash water uses the suction water (in the case of backwash by the liquid high backwash section), and backwash means (suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c). And connecting pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, a trunk pipe 56, and an opening valve 70) are provided as suction water transfer means (suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, Connection pipe 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipe 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56, open valve 70, connection pipe 70c, first valve 71, suction pipe 73s, water absorption pump 73, discharge pipe 73d Suction water holding means (branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d) and a trunk pad for holding the suction water transferred by at least a position higher than the soil removal means (filter medium 57). And intake water holding means (including branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d and trunk pipe 56) from the high position. It has liquid high flow means (in this case, an open valve 70) that allows the removal means (filter medium 57) to flow according to the liquid height.
In the open shield machine of the second embodiment, the backwash water uses the suction water (in the case of backwashing by the liquid high backwashing section), and backwashing means (branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, a trunk pipe 56, and an open valve 70) are configured to supply suction water (branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, a trunk pipe 56, an open valve 70, a connection pipe 70c, a first valve). 71, a suction pipe 73s, a water suction pump 73, and a discharge pipe 73d.) The suction water holding means (branch) for holding the suction water transferred by at least a position higher than the sediment removal means (filter medium 57). Pipe 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d and a trunk pipe 56), and suction water holding means (branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d and a trunk pipe 56). Comprising a a, a (open valve 70 in this case) intake water held the high hydraulic high flowing means for flowing the liquid height to sediment removal means (filter material 57) from the position in.

In the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment, suction water transfer means (suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56, open valve) 70, a connecting pipe 70c, a first valve 71, a suction pipe 73s, a water suction pump 73, and a discharge pipe 73d) are configured to have one end of the suction water (here, the suction pipe) that has passed through the sediment removal means (filter medium 57). 53a, 53b, 53c side) and has conduits (in this case, connecting pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, and trunk pipe 56) for guiding the intake water to a position higher than the one end. The suction water holding means (including the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d and the trunk pipe 56) is provided between the one end and the high position. The pipe (connecting pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, and the main pipe 56) and a liquid high flow means (open valve 70) are connected to the conduit (connecting pipe 55a , 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56) are communicating means for communicating with the outside.
In the present open shield machine of the second embodiment, suction water transfer means (branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56, open valve 70, connection pipe 70c, first valve 71, suction pipe 73s, water absorption pump 73, including the discharge pipe 73d), the suction water that has passed through the sediment removal means (filter material 57) is one end (here, the side where the communicating holes 51h of the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d are formed) ) And has a conduit (here, branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56) that guides the suction water to a position higher than at least one end thereof, and includes suction water holding means (branch pipes 51a, 51b). , 51c, 51d and a trunk pipe 56) are connected from the one end to the high position (the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, the trunk pipe). 6) and the liquid high flow means (open valve 70) is a communication means for communicating the inside of the conduit (the branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, and the trunk pipe 56) at the high position with the outside. .

In any of the present open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the present open shield machine of the second embodiment, in order to prevent or reduce the rocks from reaching the sediment removal means (filter material 57), A rock removal plate (right front side plate 23ab, left front side plate 23bb, left tail) in which a rock non-passage hole (opening 29, slit 39, opening 34cha) that restricts passage and allows passage of suction water is formed. A side plate 33bb, a right tail side plate 33ab, an outer plate 34c of the left tail side plate main body 33bm, and an outer plate of the right tail side plate main body similar to the outer plate 34c of the left tail side plate main body 33bm. In addition, the rock whose passage is restricted here is preferably 53 mm or more, more preferably 37.5 mm or more (both 53 mm and 37.5 mm are soil particle size tests defined in “JIS A 1204”. (Depending on the measurement) (There is no upper limit, but in the state where the rock is sandwiched between two virtual planes parallel to each other (the rock is in contact with both of the two planes)) (The minimum value of the distance when the rock is rotated in various directions in this state) is usually 150 mm or less.)
In both the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the open shield machine of the second embodiment, the rock removal plate (the right front side plate 23ab, the left front side plate 23bb, the left tail side plate 33bb, The right tail side plate 33ab, the outer plate 34c of the left tail side plate main body 33bm, and the outer plate of the right tail side plate main body similar to the outer plate 34c of the left tail side plate main body 33bm form a part of the one surface, The rock non-passing holes (opening 29, slit 39, open hole 34cha) constitute the suction hole, and the one inside communicates with the outside 301 by the rock non-passing holes (opening 29, slit 39, open hole 34cha). Holding space (the left front lower chamber 26 internal space 26r, the right front lower indoor space 26r, the left tail lower chamber 36 internal space 36r, The interior space below the tail is formed, and suction water transfer means (in the present open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment, suction pipes 53a, 53b, 53c, connection pipes 55a, 55b, 55c, branch pipes 51a, 51b). 51c, 51d, trunk pipe 56, open valve 70, connection pipe 70c, first valve 71, suction pipe 73s, water suction pump 73, and discharge pipe 73d.This open shield machine of the second embodiment. Branch pipes 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, a trunk pipe 56, an open valve 70, a connecting pipe 70c, a first valve 71, a suction pipe 73s, a water suction pump 73, and a discharge pipe 73d). (Left front lower chamber 26 internal space 26r, right front lower indoor space, left tail lower chamber 36 internal space 36r and right tail lower indoor space) It is intended to suck the water.

Both the water absorption experiment using the open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the water absorption experiment using the open shield machine of the second embodiment are open shield methods using the open shield machine. The method includes a suction step of sucking and removing water from suction holes (opening hole 29, slit 39, opening hole 34cha) existing on the one surface.
The above-described backwashing experiment after the water absorption experiment using the present open shield machine 11 of the first embodiment and the above-described backwashing experiment after the water absorption experiment using the present open shield machine of the second embodiment. Both are open shield construction methods using this open shield machine, and after the suction process (water absorption experiment), the earth and sand removed by the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57) from the suction water is removed from the earth and sand removing means (filter medium 57). It is a construction method that includes the removal of soil and sand removal process (liquid high back washing process, pump back washing process).

11 Open Shield Machine according to First Embodiment 11c Inner 20a Lower plate 20b Inner plate 20d Partition plate 21 Front portion 23a Right front side plate portion 23ab Right front side plate 23b Left front side plate portion 23bb Left front side plate 23bd Lower surface 23bbh Porous portion 24, 25 Front support beam 26 Left front lower chamber 26r Internal space 29 Open hole 31 Tail portion 33a Right tail side plate portion 33ab Right tail side plate 33am Right tail side plate body 33b Left tail side plate portion 33bb Left tail side plate 33bd Lower surface 33bm Left tail Side plate body 33bbh Porous portion 34a Lower plate 34b Inner plate 34c Outer plate 34ch Porous portion 34cha Open hole 34d Partition plate 35c, 35d Tail support beam 36 Left tail lower chamber 36r Inner space 39 Slit 41 Propulsion jack 51, 1a, 51b, 51c, 51d Branch pipe 51e Tip 51h Communication hole 53a, 53b, 53c Suction pipe 55a, 55b, 55c Connection pipe 56 Trunk pipe 57 Filter medium 58 Wire net 61 Control section 70 Open valve 70c Connection pipe 71 First valve 72 Single Pipe 73 Water absorption pump 73d Discharge pipe 73s Suction pipe 74 Discharge pump 74d Discharge pipe 75 Settling tank 76 Incoming water drainage pump 76d Discharge pipe 77 Second valve 78 Incoming water transfer pipe 79 Incoming water drainage pipe 91 Intake water drainage unit 95 Backwash unit 301 Outside

Claims (11)

It includes a right side plate portion and a left side plate portion arranged in the front-rear direction along the left and right side surfaces,
An open shield machine that sucks and removes water from a suction hole on at least one surface of the right side plate and the left side plate,
Sediment that contains granular or powdered solids, and by which suction water passes between the granular or powdered solids, the sediment that is entrained in the suctioned water sucked from the suction holes is removed by filtration. Removal means;
Suction water transfer means for transferring the suction water from which at least a part of the entrained earth and sand has been removed by the sand removal means so that the suction water is sucked from the suction hole;
An open shield machine.     The open shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising earth and sand removing means for removing the earth and sand removed from the suction water by the earth and sand removing means.     The sediment removal means is a backwashing means for flowing backwash water, which is water in a direction opposite to the direction in which the suction water flows when the sediment removal means filters the suction water and removes the sediment, to the sediment removal means. Open shield machine as described in.     The backwash water uses suction water from which at least a part of the entrained earth and sand has been removed by the earth and sand removing means or ingress water existing on the earth surface inside the open shield machine. Open shield machine. Backwash water is one that uses the ingress water,
The open shield machine of Claim 4 which has a backwash water earth and sand removal means which removes the earth and sand accompanying the said approach water. Backwash water is one that uses the suction water,
The backwashing means holds at least the suction water transferred by the suction water transfer means at a position higher than the sediment removal means, and the suction water held by the suction water holding means from the high position. The open shield machine according to claim 4, further comprising: a liquid high flow means that causes the removal means to flow at a liquid height. The suction water transfer means has a conduit for receiving the suction water that has passed through the sediment removal means at one end and guiding the suction water to a position higher than at least the one end;
The suction water holding means is constituted by the conduit from the one end to the high position, and the liquid high flow means is a communication means for communicating the inside of the conduit at the high position with the outside. Open shield machine.     In order to prevent or reduce the arrival of rocks to the sediment removal means, the rock removal plate is provided with a rock non-passing hole that restricts passage of rocks and allows passage of suction water. 7. The open shield machine according to any one of 7. The rock removal plate forms a part of the one surface, and the rock non-passage hole constitutes a suction hole,
A holding space for holding the earth and sand removing means is formed in the inside of the one side, communicating with the outside through a rock non-passing hole,
The open shield machine according to claim 8, wherein the suction water transfer means sucks suction water from the holding space.     An open shield construction method using the open shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the construction method includes a suction step of sucking and removing water from a suction hole existing on the one surface.     It is an open shield construction method using the open shield machine of any one of Claims 2 thru | or 7, Comprising: The earth removal process which removes the earth and sand which the earth and sand removal means removed from the suction water after the suction process from the earth and sand removal means The method according to claim 10, comprising: