JP6467665B2 - Manufacturing method of round plate - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a processing technique for a circular plate material that is cut from a log material and has a top and bottom surfaces, and particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a circular plate material that does not cause cracking or warping due to drying.

Immediately after cutting the raw wood, the moisture content is different between the core side and the bark side. In conifers such as birch and cedar, the sapwood on the bark side that conducts life activities has a higher water content than the heartwood on the core side. Therefore, the board material that has been lumbered before it sufficiently dries generates warp with the bark side inward as it dries.
In particular, a round cut board made of raw wood logs will be more shrunk than a heartwood if left alone or dried, so the conventional round cut board is made of bark as shown in FIG. 8 (b). A crack occurs from the side or warps like a bowl as shown in FIG. The ring-cut plate material has a great potential as a wood for interior use due to the appearance of a beautiful annual ring pattern at the cut end, but its use has been limited due to the occurrence of such cracks and warpage.

In order to prevent such warping and cracking, the raw wood has been naturally dried over a long period of time or artificially dried using expensive drying equipment. However, such a conventional method has low productivity and high cost.
Moreover, with the circular cut plate material, the cut end of the cut end is wide and the drying progresses rapidly from the end of the end of the end, so even if you use a log that has been dried to a certain extent, cracking and warping cannot be prevented sufficiently. It was.
In order to prevent deformation and cracking due to drying, as a conventional technique, a building material in which a large number of small holes are formed from the surface (for example, see Patent Document 1) or a central part before drying so that the wood is dried to the inside at an early stage. There are known log-finished products (see, for example, Patent Document 2) in which a three-shaped cut portion is provided, dried and shrunk, and then fitted with the same shaped insertion member in the cut portion.

Microfilm of Japanese Utility Model No. 1-126726 (Japanese Utility Model Application No. 3-67891) JP 2004-268292 A

However, the building material described in Patent Document 1 is inferior in appearance because it has a large number of holes, and it is impossible to obtain wood that makes use of the grain. In addition, since the fiber direction is cut short in the case of the ring-cut plate material, the force in the fiber direction of the wood that suppresses the deformation does not work unlike the building material described in Patent Document 1. Therefore, even if a large number of holes are drilled in the log and drying is continued to a certain extent, as soon as it is cut into a round plate, the drying proceeds rapidly and cracking and warping occur. there were.
Moreover, in the pierced processed product described in Patent Document 2, since the insertion member different from the cut original wood is fitted and bonded, the natural grain of the butt face cannot be utilized. In addition, after the excision part is excised, it is necessary to dry it sufficiently to complete the contraction deformation, and it is necessary to fit the insertion member in accordance with the deformed excision part. there were.

The present invention is sliced plate material to be able to an object to solve the above problems, it is processed rapidly from without raw wood logs material going through the special drying process, moreover utilized without generating cracking and warping It aims at providing the manufacturing method of.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides a manufacturing method of a circular cut plate material having a top and bottom ends cut from a log material, and a main portion having a different moisture content and a central side core material and an outer peripheral side material. A method of manufacturing a circular plate material made of any one of the above, wherein a log material that has not been subjected to a special drying process with the raw wood or the bark of the raw wood being peeled off is perpendicular to or perpendicular to the axis. A cutting step for cutting, a moisturizing step for moisturizing the cut plate material, a separation step for cutting and separating the moistened plate material along the vicinity of the boundary between the core material and the side material, and then a drying step for drying the plate material Further, a configuration characterized in that the separation step is performed by laser processing is adopted.

As another embodiment of the method for producing the circular cut plate material of the present invention, a log material that has not been subjected to a special drying process, with the raw wood or the bark of the raw wood being peeled off , is perpendicular or angled to the axis. a cutting step of cutting, a moisturizing step for moisturizing the cut sheet, moisturizing been plate to the vicinity of the boundary between the core and the sapwood, the deletion process for deleting one of the core or sapwood, then plate In the vicinity of the boundary between the heartwood and the sapwood, the log is made of raw wood or bark of raw wood that has not undergone a special drying process. until a deletion step of deleting one of the core or sapwood, and either one moisturizing round timber that has been removed moisturizing step, either one is removed, to the axis of the coercive humidified the round timber Vertical or corner A cutting step of cutting forms a, then, structure characterized in that it comprises a drying step of drying the plate, further, the boundary between the core and the sapwood is a moisture meter toward the outer periphery from the center of the cutting plane A configuration characterized by detecting the moisture value by measuring it is adopted.

The main part of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a round plate made of either a core material on the center side or a sap material on the outer periphery side having different moisture contents, even if the log material is a raw log material that has not undergone a special drying process. By keeping the plate cut from the log material moist, cracks and warpage due to drying do not occur.

As a manufacturing method of the circular cut plate material of the present invention, a cutting step of cutting a log material that has not undergone a special drying step perpendicularly or at an angle with respect to the axis, a moisturizing step of moisturizing the cut plate material, In an embodiment that includes a separation step of cutting and separating the cut plate material along the vicinity of the boundary between the core material and the sapwood, and then a drying step of drying the plate material, the log material is utilized without waste by utilizing both the core material and the sapwood. can do.
And since the sliced board material which passed through the isolation | separation process is rapidly dried on the mouth end which makes | forms a wide plane, the sliced board material without a crack and a curvature can be completed in a short time and at low cost.
Furthermore, in an embodiment characterized in that laser processing is used in the separation process, since laser processing can be performed with higher accuracy than ordinary cutting processing, a round plate material for interiors can be manufactured quickly and beautifully. be able to.

In addition, as a method of manufacturing the circular cut plate material of the present invention, a cutting step of cutting a log material that has not undergone a special drying step perpendicularly or at an angle with respect to the axis, a moisturizing step of moisturizing the cut plate material, moisturizing been plate to the vicinity of the boundary between the core and the sapwood, the deletion process for deleting one of the core or sapwood, then, embodiments and a drying step of drying the sheet, and, special drying process to near the boundary between the core and the sapwood a round timber that has not undergone a deletion step of deleting one of the core or sapwood, the moisturizing step of moisturizing the round timber either one has been removed, either one A cutting process in which the log material from which either the moisturized core material or the sap material is removed is cut perpendicularly or at an angle to the axis, and the dried plate material is then dried. Be equipped In that embodiment, since it is possible to remove one of the core or sapwood in normal cutting process or the like, processing becomes easier.

It is a figure which shows 1st Example of the manufacturing method of the ring-cut board | plate material of this invention. It is a figure which shows the modification of a cutting process and a isolation | separation process in 1st Example of the manufacturing method of this invention ring-cut board | plate material. It is a figure which shows 2nd Example of the manufacturing method of this invention round-cut board | plate material, In the figure, [A] row | line shows the round-cut board material which consists of sapwood, and [B] row | line shows the manufacturing method of the round-cut board | plate material which consists of core materials. It is a figure which shows 3rd Example of the manufacturing method of this invention round slice board material, In the figure, [C] row | line shows the round slice plate material which consists of sapwood, and [E] row | line shows the manufacturing method of the round slice plate material which consists of core materials. (A) is the graph which represented the moisture value in the cut surface of the raw log of a firewood by the moisture measurement value measured for every distance from the center, (b) The moisture meter which measured the moisture value of the log FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the laser processing machine used for the isolation | separation process in 1st Example of the manufacturing method of this invention ring-cut board | plate material. It is a figure which shows the utilization example of this invention round-cut board | plate material, (a) shows the example utilized as a frame material of a mirror, (b) shows as a timepiece. It is a figure which shows the conventional round slice board material, (a) is a top view before drying, (b) is a top view of the broken round slice board material after drying progressed, (c) is the cross-sectional side surface of the curved round slice board material FIG.

Next, the manufacturing method of the ring-cut board | plate material of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings which showed the Example.

1 to 4, reference numeral 1 denotes a log material that is a raw wood or a log material from which the bark of raw wood has been peeled off.
Here, raw wood refers to wood that has a bark that has been cut down, and bark, etc. is not limited to bark, but a small amount of edges that are peeled off to adjust the shape of the log in addition to the bark. It also includes the material part.

As shown in FIG. 1, in order to manufacture the circular cut plate material 4 from the log material 1, first, the log material 1 is cut into a desired thickness by a saw-tooth cutting device or the like (not shown) to produce the intermediate plate material 2.
The intermediate plate material 2 may be of a thickness that is included in the concept of a normal plate material. Here, the intermediate plate material 2 has a thickness that is at least smaller than the outer diameter D of the log material 1. In addition, although the outer periphery of the log 1 is described in the drawing in a circular shape, it may exhibit a cross-sectional shape having sides that are not only a circular shape but also a part of or the entire outer periphery cut out linearly, It may exhibit a natural tree-shaped cross-sectional shape as a raw wood.
The intermediate plate 2 has upper and lower ends that are cut ends of the log 1. Here, the end face includes not only a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the log 1 but also a surface having an angle in the axial direction.

In the cutting process, it is normal to cut the log 1 perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis direction. However, as in the modification shown in FIG. 2, the log material 1 may be cut obliquely so as to form a predetermined angle in the axial direction. Good.
By cutting obliquely in this way, the surrounding plate circumferential surface is inclined with respect to the plane of the cut surface, and when viewed from the cut plane side, a part of the plate peripheral surface can be seen and a unique taste of the round cut plate 4 can do.

Since the cut intermediate plate 2 is cracked or warped when it is naturally dried, it is stored in a moisturizing chamber or the like so as not to be dried.
After the moisturizing step, the intermediate plate member 2 is cut in the thickness direction near the boundary between the side member and the core member, and is separated into the side plate member 3a and the core side plate member 3b to form the intermediate ring cut plate 3.

The boundary between the sapwood and the heartwood having different moisture contents can be confirmed by visually checking the boundary line 9 because the heartwood is colored red as shown by hatching in FIG. .
However, there are cases in which the boundary between the sapwood and the heartwood cannot be visually recognized depending on the tree species, such as Todomatsu and Batesuga. In such a case, the boundary can be detected by various moisture meters.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the moisture value is measured by piercing a wood with a measuring needle 10 that also serves as an electrode, and measuring the conductivity of the wood by passing an electric current between the measuring needles 10. The moisture meter can be used.
In the figure, 11 is a battery (DC power supply), 12 is an ammeter, and 13 is wood to be measured.
In the graph of FIG. 5A, the moisture value measured from the center to the outer periphery of the cut surface of the firewood log by such a moisture meter is shown, but it is almost 25 up to about 127 mm from the center. %, The water value increased rapidly from 129 mm and continued to rise to 142 mm, and thereafter the change decreased again and remained at a water value of less than 30%.

It can be determined that the range of about 13 mm in width from 129 mm to 142 mm from the center where the moisture value measured with this moisture meter is greatly displaced is the boundary portion between the core material and the sapwood. When the cut surface of the log is visually observed, the color changes around 142 mm from the center where the moisture value measured by the moisture meter has finished increasing, and the boundary line 9 by this observation is the outer edge of the boundary between the heartwood and the sapwood. It can be inferred that
Assuming that the moisture value at the boundary line 9 by visual observation is 100, the moisture value at 127 mm from the center immediately before the moisture value starts to be greatly displaced is about 80, and this drop in moisture value generates stress due to the shrinkage action during drying, It is thought to cause cracks and warpage.
That is, if the boundary portion where the moisture value is greatly displaced is cut and the intermediate plate member 2 is separated into the side plate member 3a and the core plate member 3b, the occurrence of cracks and warpage can be prevented.

In this embodiment, for ease of processing, the intermediate plate 2 is cut and separated by a circle having a diameter d to create a side plate 3a having an inner diameter d and a core plate 3b having an outer diameter d.
Since the actual boundary part is not circular but has a complicated shape, even if the cut circle is near the boundary, the core part remains in a part of the side plate 3a, or conversely part of the core plate 3b. In some cases, the sapwood part may remain, but even if the other part remains in that way, it does not cause large stress due to shrinkage due to different moisture content. Will not occur.
In particular, it is desirable that the remaining other member is not continuous in the circumferential direction in order to prevent stress generation.

Further, it is not always necessary to cut into a circle as in the present embodiment. If the other member does not remain largely with respect to one main member, the polygonal shape or a part thereof is irregular. It may have a different shape.
The ratio of the other member allowed to the main member made of one of the core material and the sap material in the circular cut plate material depends on its shape, but if it is approximately 20 to 30%, it prevents cracking and warping. Then there is no problem. Here, since the boundary portion is a very narrow range, the area ratio may be almost ignored.
If the inner peripheral shape of the sapwood and the outer peripheral shape of the core material are circular, the ratio of the other member to the main member needs to be small, and if it is a polygonal shape, the ratio may be relatively large. Moreover, when the ring-cut board | plate material is thin, especially when it is 10 mm or less, since it is easy to warp, it is better to make the said ratio of the other member small.
In order to prevent cracking and warping, if the side plate 3a and the core plate 3b are cut only with a predetermined width including the boundary part so that the side plate 3a and the core plate 3b are made of only the side plate and the core, Of course, it is more preferable.

In the case of cutting and separating into a circle, when the boundary between the core material and the sapwood can be confirmed by visual observation like a scissors, the boundary line 9 by visual observation forms the outer edge of the boundary portion as described above. What is necessary is just to cut | disconnect along the circle | round | yen inscribed in the line 9. FIG.
When the boundary between the heartwood and the sapwood cannot be confirmed by visual inspection, the boundary portion is divided by a moisture meter on a line segment that equally divides the entire circumference from the vicinity of the center of the log, for example, on a three-line segment having a central angle of 120 degrees. Is measured, and it is cut along a circle passing through the three central positions.

The separation process can be performed by ordinary cutting using a saw or a lathe. However, if a laser processing apparatus equipped with an XY table is used, more precise processing is facilitated. In particular, it is extremely useful when cutting and separating into a complicated shape that is not just a circle.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the separation process by laser processing, the intermediate plate 2 is placed on the XY table 20, and the laser beam 22 excited by the laser transmitter 21 is placed on the planned cutting line 7 of the intermediate plate 2. The XY table 20 is moved at high speed in accordance with the program of the NC device 23 while irradiating with a focus. Reference numeral 24 denotes a valve for supplying air, and air is ejected from the nozzle 25 by an electromagnetic valve (not shown) to enhance the irradiation / cutting efficiency of the laser light 22.
According to such laser processing, the separation process of cutting along a complicated shape such as the actual boundary line 9 between the sapwood and the core material can be processed at high speed.

  In the present embodiment, since the planned cutting line 7 is circular, at the portion where the planned cutting line 7 and the actual boundary line 9 do not overlap, the core remaining part 3c or the core side plate 3b remaining on the side plate 3a side. The side material remaining portions 3d remaining on the side are generated, but these residual portions 3c and 3d are limited to a part of the inner periphery of the side side plate material 3a and the outer periphery of the core side plate material 3b, respectively. In addition, since a large stress is not generated by the shrinking action due to different moisture content in the drying process, cracking and warping do not occur.

After the separation step, the side plate member 3a and the core plate member 3b are subjected to a drying process to become the side plate member 4a having an inner diameter d1 and the core plate member 4b having an outer diameter d2, respectively, thereby completing the ring-cut plate member 4.
Since the side plate 3a contracts more than the core plate 3b due to the drying process, d2 is larger than d1, but the side plate 4a and the core plate 4b are separated, so there is a difference in contraction rate. They do not affect each other and do not crack or warp.
Here, the drying step is not necessarily a step that constitutes a special drying atmosphere, and the circular cut plate material of the present embodiment is a flat surface having a wide cut end, so that it is almost uniform even in natural drying. Dry quickly enough while maintaining moisture content.

Next, usage modes and operational effects of this embodiment will be described.
The ring-cut plate material 4 (side-side plate material 4a, core-side plate material 4b) of the present embodiment does not break or warp even with a thin plate material. In addition, the cut logs can be processed easily and in a short time by a cutting process that cuts into a ring without passing through a special drying process, and a separation process that separates the main members into sapwood and heartwood. Since the drying process is also a flat surface with a wide end, drying proceeds promptly, and the circular cut plate material 4 can be manufactured efficiently and inexpensively.

Therefore, the ring-cut board | plate material 4 of a present Example is very useful as a building material and furniture material which utilized the grain, and also the board | plate material for interior use.
As an example of use, as shown in FIG. 7, the side plate 4a is used as a frame material for a mirror 41 or a window frame for decoration, the core plate 4b is used as a dial or pan for a wall clock 42, It has high utility value as various furniture, daily necessities, and interior board materials, such as intermediate materials for processing into bags.
In addition, since the manufacturing method of the circular plate material of the present embodiment is processed after the cutting step and the separation step and then dried, it requires a long-term natural drying or a drying step with an expensive drying device in the state of the raw wood or an intermediate step. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a circular plate material quickly and inexpensively. In addition, since both the core material and the sapwood can be used without waste, it can be manufactured more resource-saving and inexpensively.

Next, a second embodiment of the manufacturing method of the ring-cut plate material will be described focusing on differences from the first embodiment with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 3, as in the first embodiment, first, the log material 1 is cut perpendicularly to the axis by a saw-tooth cutting device or the like (not shown) to produce an intermediate plate 2 having a desired thickness. .
In this cutting step, similarly to the modification in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to cut at an angle with respect to the axis.

After passing through the moisturizing step , the intermediate plate 2 is removed by cutting out the core material portion to the vicinity of the boundary by cutting, cutting or the like as shown in the row [A] in FIG. The side plate material 3a is processed.
Further, as shown in the row [B] in FIG. 3, the side plate portion 3b of the outer diameter d may be manufactured by cutting or cutting the side portion of the intermediate plate member 2 from the outer peripheral side to the vicinity of the boundary. it can.
The intermediate ring-cut plate 3 that has become the side plate member 3a or the core plate member 3b by this deletion step becomes the side plate member 4a having the inner diameter d1 or the core plate member 4b having the outer diameter d2 through the drying step, and is cracked or warped. This completes the ring-cut plate material 4 having no gap.

In addition, in the deletion process of the present embodiment, the inner periphery of the side plate 3a and the outer periphery of the core plate 3b are cut into a circle, but there is no problem even if the other member remains in part. It is the same as in the first embodiment, and may be cut or cut into a shape other than a circle such as a polygon.
Moreover, in order to prevent cracks and warping, it is possible to delete at least the outside of the boundary portion in the side-side plate material 3a to make only the side material, or to delete at least the inside of the boundary portion in the core-side plate material 3b to make only the core material portion. Of course, it is more preferable.
Similarly to the first embodiment, the drying process is not necessarily a process for forming a special drying atmosphere, and may be natural drying.

  The manufacturing method of the circular cut plate material of the present embodiment has been described above with respect to the first embodiment in which the plate material can be manufactured quickly and inexpensively without requiring a long-term natural drying or a drying process using an expensive drying device. In addition to the function and effect, since it can be easily manufactured by a deletion process using a normal cutting device such as a lathe or a hole saw, or a cutting device using a saw blade, there is an effect that the processing becomes easier.

Next, a third embodiment of the manufacturing method of the ring-cut plate material will be described focusing on differences from the first embodiment and the second embodiment with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, first, the log material 1 is subjected to a deletion process such as cutting or cutting to create a long side-side log material 1 a or a core-side log material 1 b.
As shown in the column [C] in FIG. 4, the log material 1 having an outer diameter D is removed by cutting out to the vicinity of the boundary by cutting, cutting, or the like, and a cylindrical side log 1a having an inner diameter d. To be processed.
Further, as shown in the column [E] in FIG. 4, the side log portion 1b of the log 1 may be cut or cut to the vicinity of the boundary to manufacture the core log 1b having the outer diameter d.

The side-side log material 1a or the core-side log material 1b is cut perpendicularly to the axis by a saw-tooth cutting device or the like (not shown) through a moisturizing process, and the side-side plate material 3a or the core-side plate material having a desired thickness, respectively. 3b is processed.
In this cutting step, similarly to the modification in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to cut at an angle with respect to the axis.
The intermediate ring cutting plate 3 that has become the side plate member 3a or the core plate member 3b by the cutting process becomes the side plate member 4a having the inner diameter d1 or the core plate 4b having the outer diameter d2 through the drying step, and is free from cracks and warpage. A non-circular plate member 4 is completed.

The points to be deleted in the deletion step, the relationship with the boundary portion, and the points to be noted such as the drying step are the same as described above for the first and second embodiments.
In the present embodiment, the intermediate cutting plate 3 is not manufactured by performing the deletion step for each intermediate plate member 2 as in the second embodiment, but is cut after the deletion step is performed on the long log material 1 and the intermediate cutting plate 3 is cut. Since the ring-cut plate 3 is manufactured, it is possible to greatly reduce the number of operations of attaching and detaching the work piece to and from the cutting device, the cutting device, etc. in the deletion process, and the number of steps can be more efficiently produced. it can.

The method for producing a ring-cut plate material according to the present invention can easily and quickly produce a ring-cut plate material without cracking or warping without going through a special drying step, and is therefore widely used as a low-cost method for producing a ring-cut plate material for interior use. Is available.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Log material 1a Side-side log material 1b Core-side log material 2 Intermediate plate material 3 Intermediate ring-cut plate 3a, 4a Side-side plate material 3b, 4b Core-side plate material 3c Core-material residual part 3d Side-material residual part 4 Ring-cut board material 7 Planned cutting line 9 Boundary Line 10 Measuring needle 11 Battery 12 Ammeter 13 Wood 20 XY table 21 Laser transmitter 22 Laser light 23 NC device 24 Valve 25 Nozzle 41 Mirror 42 Clock

Claims (5)

It is a method of manufacturing a ring-cut plate material having a mouthpiece cut from a log material up and down, and a main part consisting of either one of a core material on the center side and a sap material on the outer peripheral side with different moisture contents ,
A cutting process in which a log material that has not been subjected to a special drying process is peeled off perpendicularly or at an angle with respect to the axis while the raw wood or the bark of the raw wood is peeled off,
A moisturizing process for moisturizing the cut plate material;
A separation step of cutting and separating the moisturized plate material along the vicinity of the boundary between the core material and the sapwood;
Then, the manufacturing method of the ring-cut board | plate material characterized by including the drying process which dries a board | plate material. 2. The method for manufacturing a circular plate material according to claim 1, wherein the separation step is performed by laser processing . It is a method of manufacturing a ring-cut plate material having a mouthpiece cut from a log material up and down, and a main part consisting of either one of a core material on the center side and a sap material on the outer peripheral side with different moisture contents,
A cutting process in which a log material that has not been subjected to a special drying process is peeled off perpendicularly or at an angle with respect to the axis while the raw wood or the bark of the raw wood is peeled off,
A moisturizing process for moisturizing the cut plate material;
A deletion step of deleting either the core material or the sapwood until the moisturized plate material is near the boundary between the core material and the sapwood,
Then, the manufacturing method of the ring-cut board | plate material characterized by including the drying process which dries a board | plate material. It is a method of manufacturing a ring-cut plate material having a mouthpiece cut from a log material up and down, and a main part consisting of either one of a core material on the center side and a sap material on the outer peripheral side with different moisture contents ,
A deletion step of removing either the heartwood or the sapwood to the vicinity of the boundary between the heartwood and the sapwood , leaving the raw wood or the bark of the raw wood, etc.
A moisturizing step for moisturizing the log material from which either one has been removed;
A cutting step in which either one is removed and the moisturized log material is cut perpendicularly or at an angle to the axis;
Then, the manufacturing method of the ring-cut board | plate material characterized by including the drying process which dries a board | plate material. The boundary between the core material and the sapwood is detected by measuring a moisture value with a moisture meter from the center toward the outer periphery, and manufacturing the ring-cut plate material according to any one of claims 1 to 4. Method.

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