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JP6485347B2 - Quench ribbon production equipment - Google Patents
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JP6485347B2 - Quench ribbon production equipment - Google Patents

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JP6485347B2
JP6485347B2 JP2015252066A JP2015252066A JP6485347B2 JP 6485347 B2 JP6485347 B2 JP 6485347B2 JP 2015252066 A JP2015252066 A JP 2015252066A JP 2015252066 A JP2015252066 A JP 2015252066A JP 6485347 B2 JP6485347 B2 JP 6485347B2
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discharge port
molten metal
crucible
ribbon
quenching
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JP2017113784A (en
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彰 加納
彰 加納
大祐 佐久間
大祐 佐久間
孝明 高橋
孝明 高橋
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Description

本発明は、急冷凝固法を適用する際に使用される急冷リボン製作装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a rapid ribbon manufacturing apparatus used when applying a rapid solidification method.

ランタノイド等の希土類元素を用いた希土類磁石は永久磁石とも称され、その用途は、ハードディスクやMRIを構成するモータのほか、ハイブリッド車や電気自動車等の駆動用モータなどに用いられている。   Rare earth magnets using rare earth elements such as lanthanoids are also called permanent magnets, and their uses are used in motors for driving hard disks and MRI, as well as drive motors for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.

希土類磁石としては、組織を構成する結晶粒(主相)のスケールが3〜5μm程度の一般的な焼結磁石のほか、結晶粒を50nm〜300nm程度のナノスケールに微細化したナノ結晶磁石があるが、中でも、上記する結晶粒の微細化を図りながら高価な重希土類元素の添加量を低減すること(フリー化)のできるナノ結晶磁石が現在注目されている。   As rare earth magnets, in addition to general sintered magnets with a crystal grain (main phase) scale of 3 to 5 μm constituting the structure, nanocrystal magnets with crystal grains refined to a nanoscale of about 50 nm to 300 nm are available. Among them, nanocrystal magnets that can reduce the amount of expensive heavy rare earth elements added (free) while miniaturizing the crystal grains described above are currently attracting attention.

希土類磁石の製造方法を概説すると、たとえば希土類磁石材料となる金属の溶湯(Nd-Fe-B系の金属溶湯)を底部に吐出口を備えた坩堝内で形成し、当該吐出口から溶湯を下方へ吐出して溶湯急冷用の急冷ロールに提供する。急冷ロールに提供された金属の溶湯は急冷ロールにて急冷凝固されて急冷リボン(急冷薄帯)となり、急冷ロールにおいて溶湯が滴下された点の接線方向に噴射される。   An outline of a method for producing a rare earth magnet is as follows. For example, a molten metal (Nd-Fe-B based metal), which is a rare earth magnet material, is formed in a crucible having a discharge port at the bottom, and the molten metal flows downward from the discharge port. To provide a quenching roll for melt quenching. The molten metal provided to the quenching roll is rapidly solidified by the quenching roll to form a quenching ribbon (quenched ribbon), and is sprayed in the tangential direction at the point where the molten metal is dropped on the quenching roll.

このような急冷リボンの製作方法は急冷凝固法もしくはメルトスピニング法と称されている。この急冷リボンを所望の大きさに粉砕して磁石用の粉末とし、この粉末を加圧成形しながら焼結して焼結体を製造する。製造された焼結体に熱間塑性加工を施して磁気的異方性を付与することにより、希土類磁石が製造される。   Such a method of manufacturing a rapid ribbon is called a rapid solidification method or a melt spinning method. The quenched ribbon is pulverized to a desired size to obtain a powder for a magnet, and this powder is sintered while being pressed to produce a sintered body. A rare earth magnet is manufactured by subjecting the manufactured sintered body to hot plastic working to impart magnetic anisotropy.

ところで、上記する急冷凝固法による急冷リボンの製作においては、坩堝内にて金属材料を溶解する際に、吐出口の内側は溶湯温度と同程度の温度であるのに対して、吐出口の外側は外部雰囲気への放熱や放射熱によって温度が低下する傾向にある。   By the way, in the production of the quenching ribbon by the rapid solidification method described above, when the metal material is melted in the crucible, the inside of the discharge port is at the same temperature as the molten metal temperature, whereas the outside of the discharge port Tends to decrease in temperature due to heat radiation or radiant heat to the outside atmosphere.

このような温度低下にともない、溶解した溶湯の温度が吐出口内で低下し、この温度低下に起因して溶湯の粘性が増加することにより、吐出口内で溶湯が停滞し易くなるといった課題がある。   Along with such a temperature drop, there is a problem that the temperature of the molten metal is lowered in the discharge port, and the viscosity of the molten metal is increased due to this temperature drop, so that the molten metal is easily stagnated in the discharge port.

そこで、坩堝の吐出口付近にヒータ等の加熱装置を設置し、吐出口の加熱をおこなうことで粘性が増加した溶湯を再度低粘度にするといった方策が考えられる。   In view of this, it is conceivable to install a heating device such as a heater in the vicinity of the discharge port of the crucible and to reduce the viscosity of the molten metal whose viscosity has increased by heating the discharge port again.

しかしながら、一般的な急冷凝固法においては、坩堝の吐出口から急冷ロールまでの距離が短いことから、ヒータ等の加熱装置を設置する空間的余裕がなく、加熱装置の設置は極めて困難である。   However, in a general rapid solidification method, since the distance from the crucible discharge port to the rapid cooling roll is short, there is no space to install a heating device such as a heater, and the installation of the heating device is extremely difficult.

ここで、特許文献1には、金属の溶解装置が開示されている。具体的には、比較的吐出口の穴径が大きい場合に、溶解した金属材料が坩堝先端の吐出口から漏れ出すことを防止するべく、吐出口にノズル栓を設け、吐出に合わせてノズル栓を引き抜き、必要に応じて坩堝内の溶湯を加圧することで溶湯の吐出をおこなうものである。   Here, Patent Document 1 discloses a metal melting apparatus. Specifically, when the hole diameter of the discharge port is relatively large, a nozzle plug is provided at the discharge port to prevent the molten metal material from leaking out from the discharge port at the crucible tip, and the nozzle plug is adapted to the discharge. And the molten metal is discharged by pressurizing the molten metal in the crucible as necessary.

特開昭63−207984号公報JP-A 63-207984

特許文献1に開示の溶解装置を適用して坩堝内部にノズル栓を設けた場合、高温で溶解される金属にノズル栓が晒されることでノズル栓が損傷する可能性が高い。さらに、ノズル栓の材質や清浄度によっては原料溶湯の配合度を乱す恐れもある。   When the melting device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is applied and a nozzle plug is provided inside the crucible, there is a high possibility that the nozzle plug is damaged by exposing the nozzle plug to a metal melted at a high temperature. Furthermore, depending on the material and cleanliness of the nozzle plug, the blending degree of the raw material melt may be disturbed.

本発明は上記する問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、溶解した金属の溶湯の温度が吐出口内で低下し、粘性が増加することによって吐出口内で溶湯が停滞するといった課題を解消することのできる、急冷リボン製作装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and can solve the problem that the temperature of the molten metal melted in the discharge port decreases and the viscosity increases to cause the molten metal to stagnate in the discharge port. An object of the present invention is to provide a quench ribbon manufacturing apparatus.

前記目的を達成すべく、本発明による急冷リボン製作装置は、金属の溶湯を吐出口から吐出し、該吐出口においてレーザー光が透過自在な透過部材が配設されている、坩堝と、前記透過部材に対してレーザー光を照射するレーザー発振機と、前記坩堝の周囲に配設された誘導加熱コイルと、前記吐出口の下方に配設された急冷ロールと、を備えているものである。   In order to achieve the above object, a quench ribbon manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention discharges a molten metal from a discharge port, and a crucible in which a transmission member capable of transmitting laser light is disposed at the discharge port; A laser oscillator that irradiates the member with laser light, an induction heating coil disposed around the crucible, and a quenching roll disposed below the discharge port are provided.

本発明の急冷リボン製作装置は、吐出口にレーザー光が透過自在な透過部材が配設されている坩堝と、透過部材に対してレーザー光を照射するレーザー発振機を備えている点に特徴を有するものである。   The quench ribbon production apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a crucible in which a transmission member capable of transmitting laser light is disposed at a discharge port, and a laser oscillator that irradiates the transmission member with laser light. I have it.

吐出口に配設された、レーザー光が透過自在な透過部材に対してレーザー発振機からレーザー光を照射することにより、吐出口内の特に外側の溶湯を加熱してその温度低下を抑制することができる。そして、このことにより、溶湯の温度が吐出口内で低下して粘性が増加し、吐出口内で停滞するといった課題を効果的に解消することができる。   By irradiating a laser beam from a laser oscillator to a transparent member that is capable of transmitting laser light, which is disposed at the discharge port, the molten metal outside the discharge port is heated to suppress the temperature drop. it can. As a result, the problem that the temperature of the molten metal decreases in the discharge port, the viscosity increases, and the stagnation in the discharge port can be effectively solved.

レーザー光の照射においては、たとえば吐出口の内部もしくは近傍に温度センサを設けておき、レーザー光を照射しながら溶湯吐出を継続し、その際の溶湯温度をセンシングする。そして、センシング結果に応じて溶湯吐出のON/OFFを制御するのがよい。   In laser light irradiation, for example, a temperature sensor is provided in or near the discharge port, and molten metal discharge is continued while irradiating laser light, and the molten metal temperature at that time is sensed. And it is good to control ON / OFF of molten metal discharge according to a sensing result.

坩堝は、たとえばSiN素材の本体部に対して、レーザー光を透過する素材であるSiO2製の透過部材を取り付けることで製作できる。 The crucible can be manufactured, for example, by attaching a transmission member made of SiO 2, which is a material that transmits laser light, to a main body of a SiN material.

このように、坩堝を本体部と透過部材からなる分割構造とし、本体部を繰り返し利用可能なSiN製とし、透過部材をレーザー光が透過可能でかつ安価なSiO2製とすることで、溶湯吐出による吐出口摩耗に対する安価な坩堝修復(透過部材のみ交換可能)を実現できる。 In this way, the crucible has a divided structure composed of a main body and a transmission member, the main body is made of SiN that can be used repeatedly, and the transmission member is made of SiO 2 that can transmit laser light and is inexpensive, thereby discharging molten metal. It is possible to realize an inexpensive crucible repair (only the transmissive member can be replaced) against the discharge port wear due to.

本発明の急冷リボン製作装置を適用することにより、良品質の溶湯を急冷ロールに提供でき、良品質な急冷リボンを製作することが可能になる。   By applying the quenching ribbon production apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to provide a good quality molten metal to the quenching roll and to produce a good quality quenching ribbon.

ここで、良品質の急冷リボンとは、たとえばナノ結晶磁石用の急冷リボンの場合には、結晶粒径が200nm以下といった所望範囲にある急冷リボンのことを意味している。また、結晶組成の急冷リボンを作成したい場合やアモルファス組成の急冷リボンを作成したい場合など、作成したい組成の急冷リボンなども所望の品質の急冷リボンに包含される。   Here, a good quality quenching ribbon means a quenching ribbon having a crystal grain size in a desired range of 200 nm or less in the case of a quenching ribbon for a nanocrystal magnet, for example. In addition, a quenching ribbon having a desired composition is also included in the quenching ribbon having a desired quality, such as when a quenching ribbon having a crystalline composition is desired or when a quenching ribbon having an amorphous composition is desired.

以上の説明から理解できるように、本発明による急冷リボン製作装置によれば、吐出口の周囲にレーザー光が透過自在な透過部材が配設されている坩堝と、透過部材に対してレーザー光を照射するレーザー発振機を備えていることにより、吐出口内の特に外側の溶湯を加熱してその温度低下を抑制することができるため、溶湯の温度が吐出口内で低下して粘性が増加し、吐出口内で停滞するといった課題を効果的に解消することができる。   As can be understood from the above description, according to the quench ribbon manufacturing apparatus of the present invention, a crucible in which a transmissive member capable of transmitting laser light is disposed around the discharge port, and laser light is transmitted to the transmissive member. By providing a laser oscillator to irradiate, it is possible to heat the molten metal particularly inside the discharge port and suppress its temperature drop, so that the temperature of the molten metal decreases inside the discharge port, increasing the viscosity and discharging. The problem of stagnation in the mouth can be effectively solved.

本発明の急冷リボン製作装置の実施の形態を説明した模式図である。It is the schematic diagram explaining embodiment of the quenching ribbon manufacturing apparatus of this invention.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の急冷リボン製作装置の実施の形態を説明する。   Embodiments of a quench ribbon production apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

(急冷リボン製作装置の実施の形態)
図1は本発明の急冷リボン製作装置の実施の形態を説明した模式図である。
(Embodiment of a rapid cooling ribbon manufacturing apparatus)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an embodiment of a quench ribbon production apparatus of the present invention.

図1で示すように、急冷リボン製作装置10は、坩堝3と、坩堝3の周囲に配設された誘導加熱コイル4(高周波コイル)と、レーザー発振機5と、坩堝3の下方に配設されたたとえば銅製の急冷ロール6と、から大略構成されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the quench ribbon production apparatus 10 is disposed under the crucible 3, the induction heating coil 4 (high frequency coil) disposed around the crucible 3, the laser oscillator 5, and the crucible 3. For example, it is generally constituted by a quenching roll 6 made of copper, for example.

坩堝3は、底部に所定径の吐出口1aを備えた本体部1と、吐出口1aにおいてレーザー光が透過自在な透過部材2とから構成されている。   The crucible 3 includes a main body 1 having a discharge port 1a having a predetermined diameter at the bottom, and a transmission member 2 through which laser light can pass through the discharge port 1a.

本体部1はSiN素材で形成されており、透過部材2はレーザー光を透過すSiO2素材で形成されている。 The main body 1 is made of a SiN material, and the transmitting member 2 is made of a SiO 2 material that transmits laser light.

このように、坩堝3を本体部1と透過部材2からなる分割構造とし、本体部1を繰り返し利用可能なSiN製とし、透過部材2をレーザー光が透過可能でかつ安価なSiO2製とすることで、溶湯吐出による吐出口1aの摩耗に対する安価な坩堝修復(透過部材のみ交換可能)を実現できる。 Thus, the crucible 3 has a divided structure composed of the main body 1 and the transmissive member 2, the main body 1 is made of SiN that can be repeatedly used, and the transmissive member 2 is made of inexpensive SiO 2 that can transmit laser light. This makes it possible to realize inexpensive crucible repair (only the transmissive member can be replaced) against wear of the discharge port 1a due to molten metal discharge.

レーザー発振機5は、レーザー光が透過部材2に照射される角度で、かつ、坩堝3と急冷ロール6の間の狭い空間ではなく、それらから離れた位置に配設されている。   The laser oscillator 5 is disposed at an angle at which the laser beam is applied to the transmission member 2 and not in a narrow space between the crucible 3 and the quenching roll 6 but at a position away from them.

このように、レーザー発振機5を坩堝3と急冷ロール6から離れた位置に配設することで、坩堝3と急冷ロール6の間にヒータ等の加熱装置を設置する空間的余裕がない場合でも、坩堝3の吐出口1aをレーザー光にて加熱することが可能になる。   Thus, by arranging the laser oscillator 5 at a position away from the crucible 3 and the quenching roll 6, even when there is no space to install a heating device such as a heater between the crucible 3 and the quenching roll 6. The discharge port 1a of the crucible 3 can be heated with laser light.

なお、図示を省略するが、急冷リボン製作装置10はチャンバー内にあり、チャンバー内を真空雰囲気もしくはArガス等の不活性ガス雰囲気下に置くことができるようになっている。   Although illustration is omitted, the quench ribbon production apparatus 10 is in a chamber, and the inside of the chamber can be placed in a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar gas.

坩堝3内には金属材料が収容され(たとえば融点が1080℃程度の合金塊)、金属材料が誘導加熱コイル4で加熱されて溶湯Yが生成され(たとえば1430℃程度で加熱)、生成された溶湯はノズル1aから下方の急冷ロール6に滴下される。   A metal material is accommodated in the crucible 3 (for example, an alloy lump having a melting point of about 1080 ° C.), and the metal material is heated by the induction heating coil 4 to generate a molten metal Y (for example, heated at about 1430 ° C.). The molten metal is dropped from the nozzle 1a onto the quenching roll 6 below.

回転姿勢(X1方向)の急冷ロール5の頂部に滴下された溶湯Yは急冷ロール6で急冷されて希土類磁石用材料となる急冷リボンRが生成され、急冷ロール6の頂部の接線方向に噴射され(X2方向)、不図示の回収部にて回収されるようになっている。   The molten metal Y dripped onto the top of the quench roll 5 in the rotating posture (X1 direction) is quenched by the quench roll 6 to generate a quench ribbon R that becomes a material for a rare earth magnet, and is injected in the tangential direction of the top of the quench roll 6. (X2 direction), it is collected by a collection unit (not shown).

ここで、急冷リボンRの組成は、RE-Fe-B系の主相(RE:Nd、Prの少なくとも一種)と、該主相の周りにあるRE-X合金(X:金属元素であって重希土類元素を含まない)からなり、たとえばこれがナノ結晶組織の場合には、200nm以下の結晶粒径の主相からなる。   Here, the composition of the quenching ribbon R is the RE-Fe-B main phase (at least one of RE: Nd and Pr) and the RE-X alloy (X: metal element) around the main phase. For example, when this is a nanocrystalline structure, it consists of a main phase having a crystal grain size of 200 nm or less.

また、粒界相を構成するNd-X合金は、Ndと、Co、Fe、Ga、Cu、Al等のうちの少なくとも1種以上の合金からなり、たとえば、Nd-Co、Nd-Fe、Nd-Ga、Nd-Co-Fe、Nd-Co-Fe-Gaのうちのいずれか一種、もしくはこれらの二種以上が混在したものであって、Ndリッチな状態となっている。   The Nd—X alloy constituting the grain boundary phase is composed of Nd and at least one of Co, Fe, Ga, Cu, Al, and the like. For example, Nd—Co, Nd—Fe, Nd One of -Ga, Nd-Co-Fe, and Nd-Co-Fe-Ga, or a mixture of two or more of these, is in an Nd-rich state.

吐出口1aに配設された、透過自在な透過部材2に対してレーザー発振機5からレーザー光を照射することにより、吐出口1a内の特に外側の溶湯Yを加熱してその温度低下を抑制することが可能になる。   By irradiating laser light from the laser oscillator 5 to the transmissive member 2 that is disposed at the discharge port 1a and transmitting the light, the outer molten metal Y inside the discharge port 1a is heated to suppress the temperature drop. It becomes possible to do.

そして、このことにより、溶湯Yの温度が吐出口1a内で低下してその粘性が増加し、吐出口1a内で停滞するといった問題は生じ得ない。   As a result, there is no problem that the temperature of the molten metal Y decreases in the discharge port 1a, increases its viscosity, and stagnates in the discharge port 1a.

なお、図示を省略するが、吐出口1aの内部もしくは近傍に温度センサを設けておき、レーザー光の照射においては、レーザー光を照射しながら溶湯吐出を継続し、その際の溶湯温度をセンシングするのがよい。   In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, the temperature sensor is provided in the inside or vicinity of the discharge outlet 1a, and in irradiation of a laser beam, molten metal discharge is continued, irradiating a laser beam, and the molten metal temperature in that case is sensed It is good.

この場合、温度センサによるセンシング結果に応じて、溶湯吐出のON/OFFを制御することが可能になる。   In this case, ON / OFF of the molten metal discharge can be controlled according to the sensing result by the temperature sensor.

以上、本発明の実施の形態を図面を用いて詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこの実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲における設計変更等があっても、それらは本発明に含まれるものである。   The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. They are also included in the present invention.

1…本体部、1a…吐出口、2…透過部材、3…坩堝、4…誘導加熱コイル(高周波コイル)、5…レーザー発振機、6…急冷ロール、10…急冷リボン製作装置、Y…溶湯、R…急冷リボン   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main-body part, 1a ... Discharge port, 2 ... Transmission member, 3 ... Crucible, 4 ... Induction heating coil (high frequency coil), 5 ... Laser oscillator, 6 ... Quench roll, 10 ... Quench ribbon production apparatus, Y ... Molten metal , R ... Quenching ribbon

Claims (1)

金属の溶湯を吐出口から吐出し、該吐出口においてレーザー光が透過自在な透過部材が配設されている、坩堝と、
前記透過部材に対してレーザー光を照射することにより、吐出口内の前記溶湯を加熱する加熱部と、
前記坩堝の周囲に配設された誘導加熱コイルと、
前記吐出口の下方に配設された急冷ロールと、を備えている、急冷リボン製作装置。
A crucible in which a molten metal is discharged from a discharge port, and a transmission member capable of transmitting laser light is disposed in the discharge port;
A heating unit that heats the molten metal in the discharge port by irradiating the transmitting member with laser light;
An induction heating coil disposed around the crucible;
A quench ribbon manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a quench roll disposed below the discharge port.
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JP2001001114A (en) * 1999-06-15 2001-01-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd Crucible and rapid solidification method using it
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