JP6490140B2 - Dewatering machine - Google Patents

Description

  The technology disclosed in the present specification relates to a liquid remover used for separating a liquid / solid from a solid-liquid mixed raw material in which a liquid and a solid are mixed, such as sludge.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a screw drainer. This screw dewatering machine has a cylindrical barrel formed of a perforated plate, a screw body arranged in the barrel, and a solid-liquid mixed material (for example, sludge) introduced into the barrel by rotating the screw body Has a transport mechanism that feeds the barrel toward one end of the barrel. The screw body has screw-like blades fixed to the outer surface of the screw shaft arranged concentrically with the barrel. The screw-shaped blade is formed so that the pitch interval becomes narrower toward the outlet side.

  As the screw body rotates, the solid-liquid mixed raw material charged into the barrel is sent toward the end of the barrel. At this time, since the pitch interval of the screw body (that is, the passage of the solid-liquid mixed raw material) gradually narrows toward the outlet side, the solid-liquid mixed raw material is composed of the inner peripheral surface of the barrel having the filter medium and the screw shaft having the filter medium. And squeezed and drained. As a result, the liquid is separated from the solid-liquid mixed raw material. The raw material from which the liquid has been removed (that is, the solid after draining, also called “cake”) is discharged to the outside from the outlet of the barrel.

JP 2011-212697 A

  In the screw drainer of Patent Document 1, the range not facing the inner peripheral surface of the barrel (mainly the valley portion between the blade and the shaft) in the pitch space of the inner peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the barrel and the screw body. ), The relative frictional force between the solid-liquid mixed raw material and the other member is small, the conveying ability of the solid-liquid mixed raw material by the screw blades is weak, and sufficient pressure may not be applied to the solid-liquid mixed raw material. In addition, there may occur a situation where the cake adheres to the screw surface and the solid-liquid mixed raw material is not smoothly conveyed. As a result, the screw drainer of Patent Document 1 may not be able to perform the draining process efficiently.

  In this specification, the technique which can perform a liquid removal process efficiently compared with the conventional screw liquid removal machine is provided.

  The dewatering machine disclosed in the present specification includes a cylindrical barrel in which a large number of dewatering holes are formed, a screw-type spiral disposed concentrically with the barrel inside the barrel, and the screw-type spiral A shaft body arranged concentrically with the barrel and the screw-type spiral body inside, and the solid-liquid mixed raw material charged into the barrel is conveyed toward one end of the barrel. And a drive mechanism that relatively rotates the combination of the barrel and the shaft body and the screw-type spiral body. The screw-type spiral body is formed so that the pitch becomes narrower from the inlet side to the outlet side in the transport direction of the solid-liquid mixed raw material.

  In the above-described liquid remover, the combination of the barrel and the shaft body and the screw-type spiral body are relatively rotated so that the solid-liquid mixed raw material charged into the barrel is conveyed toward the outlet of the barrel. At this time, as the pitch of the screw type spiral body becomes narrower from the inlet side toward the outlet side, the space between the inner peripheral surface of the barrel, the screw type spiral body and the shaft body (that is, the passage of the solid-liquid mixed raw material). Hereinafter, it may be referred to as “compressed space.” Also, “compressed space” may be referred to as “pitch space” or “helical groove cross-sectional area”), and gradually narrows from the inlet side toward the outlet side. Become. Thereby, the solid-liquid mixed raw material in the pressing space is sandwiched and compressed between the inner peripheral surface of the barrel (which may be referred to as “filter medium surface”), the screw-type spiral body, and the shaft body. At this time, the relative rotation between the barrel and the screw-type spiral allows the relative frictional force between the solid-liquid mixed raw material and the barrel to be increased on the surface of the compressed space facing the inner peripheral surface of the barrel. A large pressing pressure is applied to the mixed raw material. Furthermore, since the shaft body and the screw-type spiral body also rotate relative to each other, the relative friction force between the solid-liquid mixed raw material and the shaft body can be increased even in the range facing the shaft body in the compressed space, and the solid-liquid mixed raw material A large pressing pressure is applied. As a result, the solid-liquid mixed raw material existing in the compressed space is effectively compressed, and liquid removal is performed. Furthermore, by increasing the relative frictional force both between the solid-liquid mixed raw material and the barrel and between the solid-liquid mixed raw material and the shaft, the solid-liquid mixed raw material is easily conveyed smoothly. Therefore, according to the above-described dewatering machine, the solid-liquid mixed material can be efficiently used as compared with the conventional screw dewatering machine in which pressure and friction force are not generated in the solid-liquid mixed material in the valley portion between the shaft and the blade. It can be drained.

  The shaft body may be formed in a cylindrical shape in which a number of drain holes are formed.

  According to this mechanism, when a pressure is applied between the solid-liquid mixed raw material in the compressed space and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body, the liquid contained in the solid-liquid mixed raw material is discharged into the shaft body through the drainage hole. Is done. Since liquid removal can be performed through both the liquid removal hole of the casing and the liquid discharge hole of the shaft body, the liquid removal can be performed more efficiently.

  An end portion on the outlet side of the barrel may be installed at a position higher than an end portion on the inlet side.

  According to this mechanism, it is possible to suppress the liquid squeezed from the solid / liquid mixed raw material from flowing down toward the outlet side in the transport direction of the solid / liquid mixed raw material. Therefore, it is possible to suppress re-infiltration of the liquid (which may be called “liquid removal”) into the solid-liquid mixed raw material (that is, the cake) after the liquid removal.

  The outer peripheral portion of the screw-type spiral body and the inner peripheral surface of the barrel are slidably contacted with each other, and the inner peripheral portion of the screw-type spiral body and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body are slidably contacted with each other. Or at least one of them may be satisfied.

  According to this mechanism, the pressing space can be narrowed, and a larger pressing pressure can be applied to the solid-liquid mixed raw material in the pressing space. Liquid removal can be performed more efficiently.

  The screw-type spiral body may be capable of stretching and deforming along the transport direction. Along with the expansion and contraction of the screw type spiral body, the length of the screw type spiral body along the transport direction may change.

  According to this mechanism, when a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is applied to the screw-type spiral body, the screw-type spiral body is set so as to expand and contract along the conveyance direction. When clogging or the like of the liquid mixed raw material occurs, the screw-type spiral body can be expanded and contracted (that is, expanded and contracted). Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the relative rotation between the combination of the barrel and the shaft body and the screw-type spiral body from being inhibited. According to said mechanism, even when a foreign material is contained in a solid-liquid mixed raw material, dehydration can be performed continuously without stopping.

The perspective view showing the whole drainage machine composition of the 1st example. Sectional drawing which shows the II-II cross section of FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the III-III cross section of FIG. The disassembled side view which shows the components which comprise a casing, a helical body, and a shaft body. The enlarged view of the V section of FIG. Sectional drawing which shows the liquid removal machine of 2nd Example.

(First embodiment)
(Configuration of the dewatering machine 2)
A liquid removal machine 2 shown in FIG. 1 is a spiral liquid removal machine used for separating a liquid from a solid-liquid mixed raw material (for example, sludge). Hereinafter, the solid-liquid mixed raw material is simply referred to as “raw material”. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the liquid removal machine 2 includes a casing 10, a screw-type spiral body 20, a shaft body 30, a drive mechanism 40, a hopper 50, a raw material charging section 52, and a shaft support body 56. A rotating shaft 60, a bearing body 70, a coupling joint 74, a termination member 80, a fixing base 90, and a table 94. As shown in FIG. 2, the liquid removal machine 2 performs liquid removal while conveying the raw material (see arrow S <b> 1) charged into the hopper 50 toward the terminal member 80 in the casing 10 (see arrow S <b> 2). The discharged raw material (that is, the solid after the liquid discharge, also referred to as “cake”) is discharged from the discharge port 82 of the termination member 80. Hereinafter, the inlet direction (left side in FIGS. 2 and 4) in the raw material conveyance direction is referred to as “inlet”, and the outlet direction (right side in FIGS. 2 and 4) in the raw material conveyance direction is “exit”. Sometimes called.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the casing 10, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the shaft body 30 are arranged concentrically in this order from the outside. That is, the screw-type spiral body 20 is concentrically disposed inside the casing 10, and the shaft body 30 is concentrically disposed in the space inside the screw-type spiral body 20. In other words, the casing 10, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the shaft body 30 may have the same central axis (coaxial).

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the casing 10 includes an outer cylinder 12 and a filter medium 16. Both the outer cylinder 12 and the filter medium 16 are formed in a cylindrical shape. The outer cylinder 12 and the filter medium 16 are overlapped in this order from the outside. That is, the outer peripheral surface of the filter medium 16 is covered with the inner peripheral surface of the outer cylindrical body 12. The outer cylinder 12 is a metal cylinder having rigidity. The outer cylinder 12 is generally called a “barrel”. Therefore, the outer cylinder 12 may be called a “barrel”. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a large number of drain holes 14 are formed in the outer cylinder 12. The filter medium 16 is a cylinder configured by, for example, forming a metal mesh material or a nonwoven fabric into a cylindrical shape. That is, the filter medium 16 is made of a finer mesh than the drainage hole 14 of the outer cylinder 12. As shown in FIG. 2, the inlet portion of the casing 10 is fixed to the raw material charging portion 52 so as to cover the discharge port 53 b of the raw material charging portion 52, and the outlet portion of the casing 10 covers the inlet port 84 of the termination member 80. In this way, the end member 80 is fixed. That is, the casing 10 is fixed between the raw material charging portion 52 and the termination member 80. In the modification, the outer cylindrical body 12 may be formed by combining the cylindrical outer cylindrical body 12 with shapes that can be divided along the axis. Similarly, the filter medium 16 may also be formed by combining cylindrical filter media 16 with shapes that can be divided along the axis.

  In the example of FIG. 4, the screw-type spiral body 20 is a member formed by winding a metal wire in a coil shape. In another example, the screw-type spiral body 20 may be a member obtained by forming a flat plate member into a spiral shape. The pitch of the screw-type spiral body 20 is formed so as to become narrower from the inlet side end portion 22 toward the outlet side end portion 24. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the outer peripheral portion of the screw-type spiral body 20 is slidably in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the filter medium 16. A shaft body 30 is inserted into the internal space of the screw-type spiral body 20. However, the screw-type spiral body 20 and the shaft body 30 are not fixed, and the inner periphery of the screw-type spiral body 20 is slidably in contact with the outer peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the filter medium 32 of the shaft body 30. The outlet side end portion 24 of the screw-type spiral body 20 is fixed to the smooth surface 64 of the joint portion 62 of the rotating shaft 60. The outlet side end 24 and the smooth surface 64 are fixed by, for example, welding. The inlet side end portion 22 of the screw-type spiral body 20 is supported by a bearing 54 provided in the raw material charging portion 52. However, the inlet side end 22 is not fixed to the bearing 54. Thereby, when the rotating shaft 60 rotates (refer to the arrow R in FIG. 2), the screw-type spiral body 20 rotates coaxially.

  Further, the screw-type spiral body 20 can be expanded and contracted like a compression coil spring along the material conveyance direction. When a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is applied to a part of the screw-type spiral body 20 (for example, between adjacent pitch grooves or both end portions of the screw-type spiral body 20), the screw-type spiral body 20 expands and contracts. As the screw-type spiral body 20 expands and contracts, the length of the screw-type spiral body 20 changes.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the shaft body 30 includes a filter medium 32 and an inner cylindrical body 34. Both the filter medium 32 and the inner cylinder 34 are formed in a cylindrical shape. The filter medium 32 and the inner cylinder 34 are overlapped in this order from the outside. That is, the outer peripheral surface of the inner cylinder 34 is covered with the inner peripheral surface of the filter medium 32. The filter medium 32 is a cylinder configured by, for example, forming a metal mesh material or a nonwoven fabric into a cylindrical shape. That is, a large number of mesh holes finer than the drainage holes 36 (described later) of the inner cylinder 34 are formed in the filter medium 32. On the other hand, the inner cylinder 34 is a metal cylinder having rigidity. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a large number of drain holes 36 are formed in the inner cylindrical body 34. Further, a filtration hole 38 is formed at a predetermined position in the vicinity of the inlet side end of the inner cylinder 34. The opening area of the filtration hole 38 is larger than the opening area of the liquid removal hole 36. As shown in FIG. 2, the vicinity of the inlet side end of the shaft body 30 is fixed by a shaft support 56. At this time, the filtration hole 38 of the inner cylinder 34 is exposed to the outside (left side in FIG. 2) of the shaft support 56. The vicinity of the outlet side end of the shaft body 30 is supported by a termination member 80. The outlet side end portion of the shaft body 30 is inserted into a bearing space 66 provided in the joint portion 62 of the rotating shaft 60. However, the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 30 is not fixed to the joint portion 62. That is, the shaft body 30 is held by the shaft support 56 and the terminal member 80 in a manner that does not rotate.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a compressed space 100 (referred to as “pitch space” or “helical groove sectional area”) is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the filter medium 16, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the outer peripheral surface of the filter medium 32. Which may be changed). The compression space 100 is a space for squeezing a liquid from a raw material by applying pressure to the raw material while being a passage for the raw material. As described above, the pitch of the screw-type spiral body 20 is formed so as to gradually narrow from the inlet side end portion 22 side toward the outlet side end portion 24 side. For this reason, the volume of the compressed space 100 gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side. Thereby, by rotating the screw-type spiral body 20, the raw material in the compressed space 100 is conveyed toward the outlet side (see arrow S2 in FIG. 2), and the liquid is squeezed out from the raw material by applying the pressing pressure to the raw material ( That is, it can be separated.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hopper 50 is a guide member for introducing a raw material into the raw material charging portion 52. The upper end surface of the hopper 50 is greatly opened. The lower end surface of the hopper 50 is communicated with the input port 53 a of the raw material input unit 52. The operator can feed the raw material into the raw material charging unit 52 by charging the raw material into the hopper 50 (see arrow S1 in FIG. 2).

  The raw material charging unit 52 sandwiches the raw material charged through the hopper 50 between the pitches of the screw-type spiral body 20 and the raw materials sandwiched between the pitches of the screw-type spiral body 20 as the screw-type spiral body 20 rotates. It is a member for sending out to the exit side. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the screw-type spiral body 20 and the shaft body 30 are inserted into the raw material charging section 52. The raw material charging unit 52 has a charging port 53 a communicating with the hopper 50 and a discharging port 53 b connected to the casing 10. That is, the raw material input through the hopper 50 and the input port 53a is sandwiched between the pitches of the screw-type spiral body 20, and is sent out from the discharge port 53b toward the outlet side as the screw-type spiral body 20 rotates. A bearing 54 is provided inside the raw material charging unit 52. As described above, the bearing 54 supports the inlet side end portion 22 of the screw-type spiral body 20 in a rotatable manner. At this time, the bearing 54 and the screw-type spiral body 20 are not fixed. The inlet side end of the raw material charging portion 52 is fixed to the shaft support 56 with bolts (not shown).

  The shaft support body 56 is a member for fixing the vicinity of the inlet side end portion of the shaft body 30. The shaft body 30 is inserted into the shaft support 56. The lower end portion of the shaft support 56 is fixed on the fixed base 90. As shown in FIG. 5, a recess 57 is formed in a portion of the shaft support 56 that faces the inlet-side end 22 of the screw-type spiral body 20. As described above, the screw-type spiral body 20 of this embodiment expands and contracts when a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is applied, and the length in the transport direction changes. Since the outlet side end 24 of the screw-type spiral body 20 is fixed to the smooth surface 64 of the joint portion 62 of the rotating shaft 60, when the length of the screw-type spiral body 20 becomes long, as shown by the broken line portion in FIG. The extended end 22 of the screw-type spiral 20 enters the space in the recess 57. That is, the concave portion 57 forms a space (so-called play space) for accommodating an extension portion when the screw-type spiral body 20 extends.

  The termination member 80 is a member for supporting the vicinity of the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 30. A discharge port 82 is opened below the end member 80. Further, the termination member 80 has an introduction port 84 for connecting the outlet side end portion of the casing 10 and introducing the raw material (in this case, cake) that has been conveyed in the compressed space 100 into the termination member 80. ing. The raw material (cake) introduced into the terminal member 80 from the casing 10 via the inlet 84 falls from the outlet 82 and is discharged to the outside (see arrow S3 in FIG. 2).

  The rotation shaft 60 is a shaft for rotating the screw-type spiral body 20. The rotating shaft 60 includes a shaft portion 61 and a joint portion 62. The shaft portion 61 is rotatably supported by the bearing body 70. An outlet side end portion (right end portion in the figure) of the shaft portion 61 is fixed to the coupling joint 74. The joint portion 62 is provided at the inlet side end portion (left end portion in the figure) of the shaft portion 61. The joint part 62 has a larger diameter than the shaft part 61. The end surface on the inlet side of the joint portion 62 is a smooth surface 64 polished so as to reduce friction. The smooth surface 64 is in contact with the end member 80 in a slidable manner, and closes the opening at the outlet side end of the end member 80. As described above, the outlet side end 24 of the screw-type spiral body 20 is fixed to the smooth surface 64 by welding or the like. The joint portion 62 is also formed with a bearing space 66 for accommodating the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 30. As described above, the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 30 is accommodated in the bearing space 66, but the joint portion 62 and the shaft body 30 are not fixed.

  The bearing body 70 is a member that rotatably supports the shaft portion 61 of the rotating shaft 60. As shown in FIG. 1, the bearing body 70 is fixed on a fixed base 90.

  The coupling joint 74 is a connecting member for connecting the shaft portion 61 of the rotating shaft 60 and the rotating shaft 42 of the drive mechanism 40. The coupling joint 74 fixes the shaft portion 61 of the rotating shaft 60 and the rotating shaft 42 of the drive mechanism 40.

  The drive mechanism 40 is a power source for rotating the screw spiral body 20. The drive mechanism 40 is fixed on the fixed base 90. The drive mechanism 40 is a motor, for example. The drive mechanism 40 includes a rotation shaft 42. The rotating shaft 42 is fixed to the coupling joint 74 as described above. When the drive mechanism 40 is operated, the rotational force is transmitted to the rotary shaft 42, the coupling joint 74, the rotary shaft 60, and the screw-type spiral body 20, and these members rotate coaxially (see arrow R in FIG. 2). Thereby, the screw-type spiral body 20 rotates inside the casing 10 and outside the shaft body 30. Since the shaft body 30 and the casing 10 do not rotate, the raw material existing in the compressed space 100 is conveyed toward the outlet side by rotating the screw-type spiral body 20 (see arrow S2 in FIG. 2).

  The fixing base 90 is a base capable of fixing the shaft support body 56, the terminal member 80, the bearing body 70, and the drive mechanism 40. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a hole 92 is formed in the central portion of the fixing base 90 for dropping the liquid separated from the raw material downward.

  The table 94 is a table for supporting the fixed table 90. The hole 92 described above is provided so as to penetrate the table 94. In FIG. 1, for ease of understanding, the table 94 is illustrated as being horizontally arranged, but in reality, the upper surface of the table 94 is pivoted on the drive mechanism 40 side (right end side in FIG. 2). It inclines so that it may become higher than the support body 56 side (left end side of FIG. 2). That is, the upper surface of the table 94 is inclined so as to increase from the inlet side toward the outlet side. Accordingly, the casing 10, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the shaft body 30 are also installed such that the end portion on the outlet side is higher than the end portion on the inlet side.

(Operation of the drainer 2)
Operation | movement of the liquid removal machine 2 which has said structure is demonstrated. When performing the liquid removal processing of the solid-liquid mixed raw material using the liquid removal machine 2 of the present embodiment, the operator first drives the drive mechanism 40. When the drive mechanism 40 is driven, the rotary shaft 42, the coupling joint 74, the rotary shaft 60, and the screw-type spiral body 20 rotate coaxially (see arrow R in FIG. 2).

  Subsequently, the operator throws the raw material in a solid-liquid mixed state into the hopper 50 (see arrow S1 in FIG. 2). The raw material charged into the hopper 50 passes through the hopper 50 and is introduced into the raw material charging portion 52 through the charging port 53a. In the raw material charging part 52, the screw-type spiral body 20 is rotating. The raw material introduced into the raw material charging unit 52 is sandwiched between the pitches of the screw-type spiral body 20 and is sent out from the discharge port 53b into the casing 10 as the screw-type spiral body 20 rotates. The raw material fed into the casing 10 is fed toward the outlet side by the rotating screw-type spiral body 20 (see arrow S2 in FIG. 2). In the casing 10, the raw material passes through the compressed space 100. At this time, since the compressed space 100 gradually narrows toward the outlet side end, the raw material in the compressed space 100 is sandwiched between the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the shaft body 30. Squeezed. When the raw material is squeezed, the liquid contained in the raw material is separated from the raw material. When the raw material is squeezed in the compressed space 100, a fine raw material layer (so-called cake layer) not containing a liquid is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the filter medium 16 and the surface of the shaft body 30. The cake layer itself serves as a filter medium, and separates the raw material into a solid (ie, cake) and a liquid. Thus, in this embodiment, so-called cake filtration is performed, whereby the raw material can be separated into a solid and a clear liquid. In the following, the liquid separated from the raw material may be referred to as “liquid removal”.

  In addition, when the raw material is squeezed in the compressed space 100, a situation occurs such that a foreign substance in the raw material is bitten, and the screw-type helical body 20 is The length in the transport direction becomes longer (ie, longer) due to expansion and contraction. In that case, the inlet side end 22 of the extended screw-type spiral 20 enters the space in the recess 57 (see FIG. 5). Thereby, even if it is a case where the pressure more than a predetermined threshold value is applied to the screw type | mold spiral body 20, a liquid removal process is continued, without preventing rotation of the screw type | mold spiral body 20. FIG.

  A part of the liquid (liquid removal) separated from the raw material is discharged to the outside of the casing 10 through the mesh hole of the filter medium 16 of the casing 10 and the liquid removal hole 14 of the outer cylinder 12. The drained liquid discharged to the outside of the casing 10 falls downward through the hole 92 and is collected in a drainage recovery hopper (not shown) provided below the table 94. As described above, since the casing 10 is installed such that the end on the outlet side is higher than the end on the inlet side, the drained liquid discharged from the casing 10 moves toward the outlet side in the transport direction. I ca n’t tell you. Therefore, the drainage does not re-enter the raw material.

  Another part of the liquid removal is introduced into the inner cylinder 34 through the mesh hole of the filter medium 32 of the shaft body 30 and the liquid removal hole 36 of the inner cylinder 34. As described above, since the shaft body 30 is also arranged such that the end portion on the outlet side is higher than the end portion on the inlet side, the liquid removal introduced into the inner cylinder 34 is performed on the outlet side in the transport direction. Without moving through the inner cylinder 34, it moves along the inner cylinder 34 toward the inlet side. For this reason, the liquid (liquid removal) does not re-enter the raw material after the liquid removal. The drainage that has flowed down to the outlet side end in the inner cylindrical body 34 is discharged from the filter hole 38 to the outside of the shaft body 30. The drainage discharged from the shaft body 30 falls downward and is collected in a drainage recovery hopper (not shown) provided below.

  Thus, the raw material in the pressing space 100 is compressed while being conveyed toward the outlet side. As a result, the raw material in the compressed space 100 becomes a cake separated from the liquid when it reaches the terminal member 80. The raw material (that is, the cake) that has reached the end member 80 falls from the discharge port 82 and is discharged to the outside (see arrow S3 in FIG. 2).

  In the above, the structure and operation | movement of the dewatering machine 2 of a present Example were demonstrated. Subsequently, a conventional screw drainer will be described as a comparative example for more clearly explaining the effects of the drainer 2 of the present embodiment. A conventional screw drainer includes a cylindrical casing formed by a perforated plate, a screw body arranged in the casing, and a raw material that is put into the casing by rotating the screw body at one end of the casing. And a transport mechanism for feeding toward the head. The screw shaft is formed so that the groove depth becomes shallower toward the outlet side in the conveying direction of the solid-liquid mixed raw material. The screw pitch groove is formed so that the interval becomes narrower toward the outlet side. As the screw body rotates, the raw material charged into the casing is sent toward the outlet of the casing. At this time, since the screw pitch groove gradually becomes narrower toward the outlet side, the solid-liquid mixed raw material is sandwiched between the inner peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the casing and the screw body and compressed.

  In the screw drainer of the comparative example, the range (mainly the valley between the blade and the shaft) that does not face the inner peripheral surface (filter material surface) of the casing, of the inner peripheral surface (filter material surface) of the casing and the screw pitch groove. In (Part), the relative frictional force between the solid-liquid mixed raw material and the other member is small, and a sufficient pressing pressure may not be applied to the solid-liquid mixed raw material. Moreover, the situation where a solid-liquid mixed raw material is not conveyed smoothly may also occur. As a result, the screw drainer of Patent Document 1 may not be able to perform the draining process efficiently.

  On the other hand, in the dewatering machine 2 according to the present embodiment, as described above, the screw-type spiral body 20 rotates and the casing 10 does not rotate (that is, the screw-type spiral body 20 and the casing 10 rotate relative to each other). In 100, in the range which faces the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10, the relative frictional force between the raw material and the casing 10 can be increased, and a large pressure can be applied to the raw material. In addition, since the shaft body 30 and the screw-type spiral body 20 also rotate relative to each other, a relative frictional force is generated between the raw material and the shaft body 30 even in a range of the compressed space 100 facing the shaft body 30, A large pressure is applied to the. As a result, the raw material existing in the compressed space 100 is sufficiently compressed, and the liquid removal is appropriately performed more efficiently. Furthermore, the relative frictional force acts both between the raw material and the casing 10 and between the raw material and the shaft body 30, so that the raw material is easily conveyed smoothly.

  Further, in the liquid removal machine 2 of the present embodiment, the outer peripheral portion of the screw-type spiral body 20 and the inner peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the filter medium 16 of the casing 10 are slidably contacted with each other, and the screw-type spiral body 20 Since the peripheral portion and the outer peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the filter medium 32 of the shaft body 30 are slidably in contact with each other, the compressed space 100 can be narrowed. As a result, the pressing force of the pressing space 100 can be increased. The pressing pressure can be sufficiently applied to the raw material in the pressing space 100, and high dewatering efficiency can be realized.

  Moreover, as above-mentioned, in the dehydrator 2 of a present Example, the casing 10, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the shaft 30 are arrange | positioned so that the edge part by the side of an exit may become higher than the edge part by the side of an inlet. Therefore, as described above, the liquid separated from the raw material and discharged to the outside from the casing 10 and the liquid separated from the raw material and introduced into the inner cylindrical body 34 of the shaft body 30 are disposed on the outlet side in the transport direction. It is possible to prevent it from traveling down. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the liquid from re-entering the raw material after the liquid removal is performed, and high liquid removal efficiency can be realized.

  Moreover, as above-mentioned, in the dehydrator 2 of a present Example, the screw-type spiral body 20 can be expanded-contracted like a compression coil spring along the conveyance direction of a raw material. When a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is applied to a part of the screw-type spiral body 20 (for example, between adjacent metal wires or both ends of the screw-type spiral body 20), the screw-type spiral body 20 expands and contracts. As the screw-type spiral body 20 expands and contracts, the length of the screw-type spiral body 20 changes. Therefore, when clogging of the raw material occurs during the squeezing operation, the screw-type spiral body 20 can be expanded and contracted along the conveyance direction. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the relative rotation between the combination of the casing 10 and the shaft body 30 and the screw-type spiral body 20 from being inhibited. According to the present embodiment, even when foreign materials are contained in the raw material, the liquid removal can be continuously performed without stopping.

(Second embodiment)
Next, with reference to FIG. 6, the configuration and operation of the dewatering machine 102 of the second embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 6, the dewatering machine 102 of the present embodiment is that the casing 110, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the shaft body 130 are all installed vertically (that is, vertically). This is different from the dewatering machine 2. The liquid removal machine 102 described in the present embodiment is a type of liquid removal machine that performs liquid removal while a raw material is conveyed from below to above. In the modified example, the liquid removal machine may be a mold that performs liquid removal while the raw material is conveyed from above to below. Even in this case, the basic components are common to the dewatering machine 102 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the dewatering machine 102 of this embodiment includes a casing 110, a screw-type spiral body 120, a shaft body 130, a drive mechanism 140, a hopper 150, a raw material charging unit 152, and a shaft support body. 156, a rotation shaft 160, a terminal member 180, and a fixed base 190. The liquid removal machine 102 performs liquid removal while conveying the raw material (see arrow S11) charged into the hopper 150 toward the end member 180 (that is, upward) in the casing 110 (see arrow S12). The drained cake is discharged from the discharge port 182 of the termination member 180. Also in this embodiment, the inlet direction in the raw material transport direction (lower side in FIG. 6) is called “inlet”, and the outlet direction in the raw material transport direction (upper side in FIG. 6) is called “exit”. There is. In FIG. 6, for the sake of easy understanding, illustration of support members for supporting the members 110 to 190 arranged in the vertical direction is omitted. However, in the actual dehydrator 102, the members 110 to 110 are omitted. 190 may be supported by various support members not shown.

  The casing 110, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the shaft body 130 have the same configuration as the casing 10, the screw-type spiral body 20, and the shaft body 30 of the first embodiment. Also in the present embodiment, the casing 110, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the shaft body 130 are concentrically arranged in this order from the outside. However, in the present embodiment, the casing 110, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the shaft body 130 are different from the first embodiment in that they are installed vertically.

  Also in this embodiment, the casing 110 includes an outer cylinder (barrel) 112 and a filter medium 116. A large number of drain holes (not shown) are formed in the outer cylinder 112. As shown in FIG. 6, the inlet portion of the casing 110 is fixed to the raw material charging portion 152 so as to cover the discharge port 153 b of the raw material charging portion 152, and the outlet portion of the casing 110 covers the inlet 184 of the termination member 180. In this manner, the end member 180 is fixed. That is, the casing 110 is fixed between the raw material charging unit 152 and the terminal member 180.

  Also in this embodiment, the pitch of the screw-type spiral body 120 is formed so as to become narrower from the inlet side end portion 122 toward the outlet side end portion 124. The outer peripheral portion of the screw-type spiral body 120 is slidably in contact with the inner peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the filter medium 116. A shaft body 130 is inserted into the internal space of the screw-type spiral body 120. However, the screw-type spiral body 120 and the shaft body 130 are not fixed, and the inner periphery of the screw-type spiral body 120 is slidably in contact with the outer peripheral surface (filter medium surface) of the filter medium 132 of the shaft body 130. The outlet side end portion 124 of the screw-type spiral body 120 is fixed to the smooth surface 164 of the joint portion 162 of the rotating shaft 160. The inlet side end portion 22 of the screw-type spiral body 120 is supported by a bearing 154 provided in the raw material charging portion 152. However, the inlet side end portion 122 is not fixed to the bearing 154. Thereby, also in a present Example, when the rotating shaft 160 rotates (refer arrow R of FIG. 6), the screw type | mold helical body 120 will carry out coaxial rotation in connection with it. Also in this embodiment, the screw-type spiral body 120 can be expanded and contracted.

  The shaft body 130 includes a filter medium 132 and an inner cylindrical body 134. A large number of drain holes 136 (not shown) are formed in the inner cylinder 134. Further, a filtration hole 138 is formed in the vicinity of the inlet side end of the inner cylinder 134. As shown in FIG. 2, the vicinity of the inlet side end of the shaft body 130 is fixed by a shaft support 156. At this time, the filtration hole 138 of the inner cylinder 134 is exposed below the shaft support 156. The vicinity of the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 130 is supported by a termination member 180. The outlet-side end portion of the shaft body 130 is inserted into a bearing space 166 provided in the joint portion 162 of the rotating shaft 160. However, the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 130 is not fixed to the joint portion 162. That is, also in the present embodiment, the shaft body 130 is held by the shaft support 156 and the terminal member 180 in a manner that does not rotate.

  Also in this embodiment, the compressed space 200 is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the filter medium 116, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the outer peripheral surface of the filter medium 132. As the pitch of the screw-type spiral body 120 gradually decreases from the inlet side end portion 22 side toward the outlet side end portion 124 side, the volume of the compressed space 200 also gradually decreases from the inlet side toward the outlet side.

  The hopper 150 is a member that introduces a raw material into the raw material charging unit 152. The upper surface of the hopper 150 has a large opening. The lower end surface of the hopper 150 is communicated with a charging port 153 a provided on the side of the raw material charging unit 152.

  The raw material charging unit 152 is a member for sandwiching the raw material charged through the hopper 150 between the pitches of the screw-type spiral body 120 and sending it to the outlet side as the screw-type spiral body 120 rotates. Also in this embodiment, the screw-type spiral body 120 and the shaft body 130 are inserted into the raw material charging unit 152. The raw material charging unit 152 has a charging port 153 a communicating with the hopper 150 and a discharging port 153 b connected to the casing 110. A bearing 154 is provided inside the raw material charging unit 152. As described above, the bearing 154 supports the inlet side end 22 of the screw-type spiral body 120 in a rotatable manner. At this time, the bearing 154 and the screw-type spiral body 120 are not fixed. The inlet side end of the raw material charging unit 152 is fixed to the shaft support 156.

  The shaft support 156 is a member that fixes the vicinity of the inlet side end of the shaft 130. The shaft body 130 is inserted into the shaft support body 156. The lower surface of the shaft support 56 is fixed on a fixed base 190. Also in this embodiment, a concave portion 157 is formed in a portion of the shaft support 156 facing the inlet side end 122 of the screw-type spiral body 120. Also in the present embodiment, when the screw-type spiral body 120 is deformed and expanded, the inlet side end portion 122 of the extended screw-type spiral body 120 enters the space in the recess 157.

  The termination member 180 is a member that supports the vicinity of the outlet side end of the shaft body 130. A discharge port 182 is opened to the side of the termination member 180. Further, the termination member 180 has an inlet 184 for connecting the outlet side end of the casing 110 and introducing the raw material (in this case, cake) that has been conveyed in the compressed space 200 into the termination member 180. ing. The raw material (cake) introduced into the terminal member 180 from the casing 110 through the inlet 184 is discharged to the outside from the outlet 182 (see arrow S13 in FIG. 6).

  The rotation shaft 160 is a shaft for rotating the screw-type spiral body 120. The rotating shaft 160 includes a shaft portion 161 and a joint portion 162. In the present embodiment, the outlet side end portion (upper end portion in the figure) of the shaft portion 161 is connected to the drive mechanism 140. The joint portion 162 is provided at an inlet side end portion (lower end portion in the drawing) of the shaft portion 161. The end surface on the inlet side of the joint portion 162 is a smooth surface 164 polished so as to reduce friction. The smooth surface 164 is in contact with the end member 180 in a slidable manner, and closes the upper end opening of the end member 180. Further, as described above, the outlet side end 24 of the screw-type spiral body 20 is fixed to the smooth surface 164. The joint portion 162 is also formed with a bearing space 166 for accommodating the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 130. As described above, the outlet side end portion of the shaft body 130 is accommodated in the bearing space 166, but the joint portion 162 and the shaft body 130 are not fixed.

  The drive mechanism 140 is a power source for rotating the screw spiral body 120. In the present embodiment, the drive mechanism 140 is disposed above the rotation shaft 160. In another example, as long as a drive system (for example, a belt and a pulley) that can rotate the rotation shaft 160 is provided, the drive mechanism 140 may be disposed at a position other than above the rotation shaft 160. When the drive mechanism 140 is operated, the rotational force is transmitted to the rotating shaft 160 and the screw-type spiral body 120, and these rotate coaxially (see arrow R in FIG. 6). As a result, the screw-type spiral body 120 rotates inside the casing 110 and outside the shaft body 130. Since the shaft body 130 and the casing 110 do not rotate, the raw material existing in the compressed space 200 is conveyed toward the outlet side (that is, upward) by the rotation of the screw-type spiral body 120 (the arrow in FIG. 6). (See S12).

  The fixing base 190 of this embodiment is a base for fixing the lower surface of the shaft support 56 described above.

(Operation of the dewatering machine 102)
The operation of the drainage machine 102 having the above configuration will be described. Also in the present embodiment, first, the operator drives the drive mechanism 140. When the drive mechanism 140 is driven, the rotary shaft 160 and the screw-type spiral body 120 rotate coaxially (see arrow R). The operator puts the raw material in a solid-liquid mixed state into the hopper 150 (see arrow S11). The raw material charged into the hopper 150 passes through the hopper 150 and is introduced into the raw material charging portion 152 through the charging port 153a. In the raw material charging unit 152, the screw-type spiral body 120 is rotating. The raw material introduced into the raw material charging unit 152 is sandwiched between the pitches of the screw-type spiral body 120, and is sent out into the casing 110 from the discharge port 153 b as the screw-type spiral body 120 rotates. The raw material fed into the casing 110 is sent toward the outlet side by the rotating screw-type spiral body 20 (see arrow S12). Since the compressed space 200 gradually narrows toward the outlet side end, the raw material in the compressed space 200 is sandwiched between the inner peripheral surface of the casing 110, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the shaft body 130 and is compressed. . When the raw material is squeezed, the liquid contained in the raw material is separated from the raw material.

  In addition, when the raw material is compressed in the compressed space 200, a situation occurs such that a foreign substance in the raw material is bitten, and when a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold is applied to the screw-type helical body 120, the screw-type helical body 120 is Stretches and stretches. In that case, the inlet-side end 122 of the extended screw-type spiral 20 enters the space in the recess 157. Thereby, even if it is a case where the pressure more than a predetermined threshold value is applied to the screw type | mold spiral body 120, a liquid removal process is continued, without preventing rotation of the screw type | mold spiral body 120. FIG.

  A part of the liquid (drainage) separated from the raw material is discharged to the outside of the casing 110 through the mesh hole of the filter medium 116 of the casing 110 and the drainage hole (not shown) of the outer cylinder 112. Since the casing 110 is installed such that the outlet side end portion is higher than the inlet side end portion, the drained liquid discharged from the casing 110 does not travel through the casing 110 toward the outlet side. Therefore, the drainage does not re-enter the raw material.

  Another part of the liquid removal is introduced into the inner cylindrical body 134 through the mesh hole of the filter medium 132 of the shaft body 130 and the liquid discharging hole of the inner cylindrical body 134. As described above, the shaft body 130 is also arranged such that the end portion on the outlet side is higher than the end portion on the inlet side, so that the liquid removal introduced into the inner cylinder 134 is directed toward the inlet side. It moves along the inner cylinder 134. Therefore, the drainage does not re-enter the raw material after the drainage is separated. The drained liquid that has flowed down to the end on the outlet side in the inner cylindrical body 134 is discharged from the filter hole 138 to the outside of the shaft body 130.

  Thus, also in a present Example, the raw material in the pressing space 200 is compressed, being conveyed toward an exit side. As a result, the raw material in the compressed space 200 becomes a cake separated from the liquid when it reaches the terminal member 180. The raw material (that is, the cake) that has reached the end member 180 is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 182 (see arrow S13).

  In the above, the structure and operation | movement of the dewatering machine 102 of a present Example were demonstrated. The liquid removal machine 102 of this embodiment can also exhibit all the same effects as the first embodiment. Further, in this embodiment, since the drainage device 102 is a so-called vertical type, it is difficult to cause bending due to its own weight as compared with the horizontal-type drainage device 2 as in the first embodiment, and the drainage. There is an advantage that the installation area of the machine 102 can be reduced.

  As mentioned above, although the Example of the technique disclosed by this specification was described in detail, these are only illustrations and do not limit a claim. The technology described in the claims includes various modifications and changes of the specific examples illustrated above. For example, the following modifications may be included.

(Modification 1) In each of the above-described embodiments, the casings 10 and 110 include the filter media 16 and 116 made of a mesh material. Similarly, the shaft bodies 30 and 130 also include filter media 32 and 132 made of a mesh material. The filter medium is not limited to a mesh material, and any other filter medium can be used. For example, you may use a nonwoven fabric as a filter medium.

(Modification 2) In the embodiment, only the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 are rotated, and the casings 10 and 110 and the shaft bodies 30 and 130 are fixed (not rotated). Without being limited thereto, the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 and the casings 10 and 110 and the casing-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 can be rotated coaxially in the same direction without rotating the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120. You may employ | adopt the structure which rotates the combination of the shaft bodies 30 and 130 relatively. Further, the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 and the combination of the casings 10 and 110 and the shaft bodies 30 and 130 are coaxially rotated in opposite directions to each other, whereby the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 and the casings 10 and 110 and the shaft body are rotated. You may employ | adopt the structure which rotates the combination of 30 and 130 relatively.

(Variation 3) The outer peripheral portions of the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 and the inner peripheral surfaces of the filter media 16 and 116 of the casings 10 and 110 may not be in contact with each other, and an optimal gap may be provided between them. . Similarly, the inner peripheral portions of the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120 and the outer peripheral surfaces of the filter media 32 and 132 of the shaft bodies 30 and 130 may not be in contact with each other, and an optimal gap may be provided between them.

(Modification 4) The casings 10 and 110, the screw-type spiral bodies 20 and 120, and the shaft bodies 30 and 130 may be installed such that the end on the outlet side and the end on the inlet side have the same height. .

(Modification 5) In the second embodiment, the casing 110, the screw-type spiral body 120, and the shaft body 130 may be installed so that the end on the inlet side is higher than the end on the outlet side. In this case, the addition of gravity to the raw material can facilitate the conveyance of the raw material during the pressing operation.

(Modification 6) The drain holes of the inner cylinders 34 and 134 of the shaft bodies 30 and 130 may be omitted.

(Modification 7) The dewatering machines 2 and 102 of each of the above embodiments may be provided with die resistance by providing a die plate at the discharge ports 82 and 182 of the termination members 80 and 180. The gap between the die plates can be adjusted. According to this modification, an appropriate pressure can be applied to the raw material even in the vicinity of the discharge port of the termination member, and the raw material can be appropriately squeezed also in the vicinity of the discharge port. Also, when a predetermined amount or more of raw material is accumulated near the discharge port, the raw material that has been accumulated near the discharge port is pushed by the newly arrived material near the discharge port, and as a result, the raw material pushes the die plate . In this case, the raw material after liquid removal can be appropriately discharged to the outside by deformation of the die plate.

  The technical elements described in this specification or the drawings exhibit technical usefulness alone or in various combinations, and are not limited to the combinations described in the claims at the time of filing. In addition, the technology illustrated in the present specification or the drawings achieves a plurality of objects at the same time, and has technical utility by achieving one of the objects.

2: Dewatering machine 10: Casing 12: Outer cylinder 14: Dewatering hole 16: Filter medium 20: Screw-type spiral body 22: Screw-type spiral body inlet side end 24: Screw-type spiral body outlet-side end 30: Shaft body 32: Filter medium 34: Inner cylinder 36: Liquid removal hole 38: Filter hole 40: Drive mechanism 42: Rotating shaft 50: Hopper 52: Raw material input part 53a: Input port 53b: Discharge port 54: Bearing 56: Shaft support 57 : Recess 60: Rotating shaft 61: Shaft portion 62: Joint portion 64: Smooth surface 66: Bearing space 70: Bearing body 74: Coupling joint 80: Termination member 82: Discharge port 84: Inlet port 90: Fixing base 92: Hole 94 : Table 100: Pressing space 102: Dewatering machine 110: Casing 112: Outer cylinder 116: Filter medium 120: Screw-type spiral 122: Screw-type spiral inlet end 124: Screw-type spiral Outlet side end portion 130: shaft body 132: filter medium 134: inner cylinder 138: filter hole 140: drive mechanism 150: hopper 152: raw material input portion 153a: input port 153b: discharge port 154: bearing 156: shaft support 157: Concave portion 160: Rotating shaft 161: Shaft portion 162: Joint portion 164: Smooth surface 166: Bearing space 180: Termination member 182: Discharge port 184: Inlet port 190: Fixing base 200: Squeeze space

Claims (3)

A cylindrical barrel with a number of drain holes,
A screw-type helix arranged concentrically with the barrel inside the barrel;
A shaft disposed concentrically with the barrel and the screw-type helix inside the screw-type helix;
A combination of the barrel and the shaft body, the screw-type helical body, and a drive mechanism for relative rotation so that the solid-liquid mixed raw material charged into the barrel is conveyed toward one end of the barrel. With
The barrel is
An outer cylinder that is a rigid metal cylinder having a number of drain holes formed therein;
A metal mesh material or non-woven fabric is formed into a cylindrical shape, and has a plurality of drainage holes smaller than the drainage holes of the outer cylinder body, and is formed inside the outer cylinder body. A barrel filter medium arranged in a superimposed manner,
The shaft body is
An inner cylinder which is a rigid metal cylinder having a number of drain holes formed therein;
The metal mesh material or non-woven fabric is formed into a cylindrical shape, and has a plurality of drainage holes smaller than the drainage holes of the inner cylinder, and is formed outside the inner cylinder. A shaft medium filter medium arranged in a superimposed manner,
The screw-type spiral is
While being a member formed by winding a metal wire having a circular cross section into a coil shape,
The pitch is formed so as to narrow from the inlet side to the outlet side in the transport direction of the solid-liquid mixed raw material ,
The outer periphery of the screw-type spiral body slidably contacts the inner peripheral surface of the barrel filter medium,
The inner periphery of the screw-type spiral body is slidably in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the shaft body filter medium,
Dewatering machine. The drainage device according to claim 1, wherein an end portion on the outlet side of the barrel is installed at a position higher than an end portion on the inlet side. The screw-type spiral body is extendable and deformable along the transport direction,
The dewatering machine according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a length of the screw type spiral body along the transport direction changes as the screw type spiral body expands and contracts.

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