JP6491045B2 - Biodegradable non-woven sheet and greening herbicide method using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a weed control method for preventing the growth of weeds on the ground around roads, railways, parks, rivers, etc., solar power plant sites, agricultural land, power facility sites and the like.

Weeds are used for roads, railways, parks, rivers, surrounding grounds, solar power plant sites, farmland, power facility sites, etc., as weeds grow, which may impair functions. To be done.
Instead of manual mowing and the use of herbicides, concrete and mortar secondary products, synthetic resin sheets, and greening herbicidal sheets that can be planted with specific plants are used as a means of suppressing weed growth. .

As a method of greening with a specific plant, there are a method of spraying seeds after weeding a site to be greened, and a method of installing a sheet in which seeds for greening are dispersed in advance.
As an example of the latter, a plant seed and a vegetation base material are sandwiched between an upper surface sheet and a lower surface sheet made of a partially degradable material, and germination growth of the plant seed on the outer surface side of the upper surface sheet A vegetation mat equipped with a net with a mesh that can be used on a base made of a woody nonwoven fabric such as a vegetation mat (Patent Document 1) in which a water retentive material and fertilizer are sandwiched and a water retention agent. In addition, there is a vegetation mat (Patent Document 2) in which seeds and fertilizer particles and, if necessary, a soil improvement material are scattered and adhered, covered with an insulator fiber layer, and further covered with a lattice net formed of a water-soluble film and natural fibers.
Also, a plurality of non-woven sheets made of natural fibers such as burlap are laminated to form a felt-shaped core mat, and plant parts or plant seeds are substantially evenly distributed between the layered sheets forming the felt-shaped core mat. A greening mat (Patent Document 3) with a non-woven cover sheet made of biodegradable plastic fibers or decaying fibers on the upper and lower surfaces of a felt-like core mat, We lay a light-shielding black sheet that passes through the roots of the plants without passing through the buds, cover the soil with a thickness of several millimeters, and then install a weed-proof sheet with seeds on it, and then weed it. A tree planting method (Patent Document 4), etc., in which the desired plant is allowed to flourish by suppressing the above is proposed.

In the above method, fertilizer is used in combination with a herbicidal method in which seeds of plants are attached to a sheet in advance and the plants are propagated to suppress weed growth and green.
As a fertilizer containing calcium aluminate, Al ₂ O ₃ is 40 to 65 mass%, CaO is 35 to 60 mass% calcium aluminate composition containing 3 to 30 mass% (Patent Document 5), And nitrogen fertilizer composition containing 0.3 to 3% by mass of dicyandiamide, 3 to 30% by mass of hydraulic calcium compound, and 67 to 96% by mass of nitrogen fertilizer (Patent Document 6).
The above-mentioned nitrogen fertilizer composition is such that calcium aluminate gives the effect of promoting growth by extending the existence period of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the soil and absorbing it in the plant body. This is an effect when combined with nitrogenous fertilizer, acting so that it can continuously absorb the nutrients necessary for the growth of the plant.

JP-A-7-224430 JP 2000-38725 A JP 2000-136534 A JP 2014-209865 A JP 2006-193368 A JP 2007-22834 A

The present invention is not limited to nitrogen fertilizer, plant seed and calcium aluminate-containing material, or biodegradable non-woven sheet sprayed with water or aqueous polymer emulsion solution is spread on the ground after weeding, plant growth To provide a greening herbicide method that prevents the growth of weeds by promoting and promoting the promoting effect.

That is, the present invention is (1) biodegradation obtained by dispersing 50 to 1000 g per 1 m ^{2 of} plant seeds and a calcium aluminate-containing substance having a CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of 1.3 to 3.0. (2) Furthermore, the biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet of (1) obtained by spraying water or an aqueous polymer emulsion from above, (3) per 1 m ^{2 of} water or the aqueous polymer emulsion dispersed in the sheet The biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet of (1) or (2) which is 250 to 800 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the calcium aluminate-containing substance, (4) (1) to (3) on the ground after weeding A greening herbicidal method for preventing growth of weeds by breeding dispersed plant seeds, characterized by laying any biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet.

The present invention can be easily installed in a place where weed protection is desired, and by spreading water from the surface of the sheet, the dispersed seeds germinate, grow and propagate in the process of decomposing over the years of the nonwoven fabric, so weeds can be propagated. Can be suppressed. In addition, a specific amount of calcium aluminate-containing substance is solidified with a specific amount of water or an aqueous polymer emulsion solution, and the plant derived from the solidified product exhibits a plant growth promoting action, so that greening herbicide can be performed at an early stage. .

The biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention is a three-dimensional fiber assembly in which fibers dispersed independently for each are formed by adhesive or heat bonding, or mechanical entanglement. It has structural features including many voids. As a form, a cotton-like sheet is preferable in consideration of taking a powdered calcium aluminate-containing substance into the gap.
The material of the nonwoven fabric exhibiting biodegradability of the present invention may be any material made of water-soluble or biodegradable fibers. For example, as synthetic fibers, polymers such as polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid or copolymers thereof, and poly (ω-hydroxyalkanoate) such as poly (ε-caprolactone, poly (β-propiolactone) Poly-3-hydroxypropionate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly-3-hydroxycaprolate, poly-3-hydroxyheptanoate, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate and poly- Poly (β-hydroxyalkanoates) such as copolymers with 3-hydroxyvalerate and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate, polyethylene oxalate, polyethylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polyethylene azepate, polyethylene azelate, Polybutylene oxalate, polybutylene succine , Polybutylene adipate, polybutylene sebacate, polyhexamethylene sebacate, polyneopentyl oxalate or copolymers thereof, aliphatic polyester and polycapramide (nylon 6), ritetramethylene adipamide (nylon 46) Aliphatic polyesteramide copolymer which is a copolycondensation polymer with aliphatic polyamide such as polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66), polyundecanamide (nylon 11), polylaurolactamide (nylon 12) Examples thereof include plant fibers such as cotton, hemp and wood fibers (cellulose fibers), and animal fibers such as wool and silk.
Further, a water-soluble substance such as an oblate or polyvinyl alcohol may be used in combination as long as the effect is not affected.
Of these, polylactic acid fibers are preferred as plant fibers and synthetic fibers typified by cotton.

10-1000 g / m < ² > is preferable and the fabric weight of the nonwoven fabric sheet of this invention has more preferable 30-500 g / m < ² >. If it is less than 10 g / m ² , it may be difficult to disperse the seed or calcium aluminate-containing material and hold it in the nonwoven fabric. If it exceeds 1000 g / m ² , the calcium aluminate-containing material is uniformly distributed in the nonwoven fabric. May not be distributed.
1-20 mm is preferable and, as for the thickness of the nonwoven fabric of this invention, 3-10 mm is more preferable. If it is less than 1 mm, it may be difficult to suppress weed germination, and if it exceeds 20 mm, the sheet may become heavy and workability may be reduced.

The calcium aluminate-containing substance of the present invention is a calcium aluminate obtained by heat-treating a mixture of a CaO raw material or an Al ₂ O ₃ raw material with a kiln or melting in an electric furnace or the like. The CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio is preferably 1.3 to 3.0 calcium aluminate, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5. If the CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio is less than 1.3, the plant growth promoting effect may not be recognized, and if it exceeds 3.0, the effect reaches a peak.
Also, materials containing as other components, sodium, potassium, and calcium aluminate alkali metal salt in a solid solution portion of the lithium, calcium containing SiO ₂ aluminate, and calcium aluminate containing SO ₃ It is. Among these, amorphous calcium aluminate is preferable in terms of reaction activity.
The particle size of the calcium aluminate is preferably 3000 cm ² / g or more in terms of Blaine specific surface area. The reactivity may fall that it is less than 3000 cm < ² > / g.

In the present invention, as a constituent of the calcium aluminate-containing substance in a range not affecting the effect, clay minerals such as blast furnace slag, bentonite, pozzolanic active substances such as silica fume and fly ash, gypsum, calcium carbonate, γ -2CaO · SiO ₂ -containing substances, water retention agents and the like may be added.

50-1000g is preferable and, as for the dispersion amount per 1 m < ² > of nonwoven fabric sheets of the calcium aluminate containing material of this invention, 100-600g is more preferable. If it is less than 50 g, the plant growth promoting action may not be recognized, and if it exceeds 1000 g, the effect may reach its peak.

Examples of the seeds of the present invention include seeds of alien species such as grass, flower plant seeds, wild grasses and tree seeds. For example, centipeat grass, creeping red fescue, highland bentgrass, red top, bermudagrass, kentucky bluegrass, yellow daisy, french chrysanthemum, large gold fowl chrysanthemum, saw grass, flies Gypsophila, Cosmos, Shibazakura, Celosia, Kawaranadeshiko, Teningiku, Artemisia, Susuki, Chigaya, Medhagi, Japanese Knotweed, Akamatsu, Yashabuki, Itachihagi, Yamahagi, Komatsunagina and the like. Green-yellow vegetables and legume seeds are also fried.

The manufacturing method of the nonwoven fabric sheet of this invention will not be specifically limited if the sheet | seat which disperse | distributed the seed and the calcium aluminate containing substance in the nonwoven fabric can be manufactured. For example, a method in which a sheet manufactured by a needle punch method is placed on a vibrator, and seeds and a calcium aluminate-containing substance are uniformly added to the surface while being vibrated, and are dispersed in the voids in the nonwoven fabric by vibration. In addition, a method of adding a seed and a calcium aluminate-containing substance so as to be uniform on the sheet without using a vibrator and covering the sheet with another sheet to form a sandwich structure may be used.
The product form of the nonwoven fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a scattering prevention sheet (peeling sheet) made of plastic or paper is stuck on one side so that the powder does not scatter, and is made into a roll shape. Is preferred.
Moreover, it is preferable to pack and store the rolled sheet in a plastic bag in order to prevent deterioration of quality until use.

In the sheet installation method of the present invention, when the scattering prevention sheets are stacked, the sheets are peeled off and laid on the ground after weeding. Although fixation of a sheet | seat is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just the method of inserting a pin into soil through a sheet | seat and fixing. Next, water or an aqueous polymer emulsion is sprayed from the sheet.
Application rate of water or aqueous polymer emulsion fluid of the present invention to calcium aluminate-containing material 100 parts by weight / ^{m 2,} preferably 250 to 800 parts by weight / ^{m 2,} 300 to 600 parts by weight / ^{m 2} Gayori preferable. If the amount is less than 250 parts by mass / m ² , the light-shielding property may be increased and the plant growth promoting effect may not be exhibited. If the amount exceeds 800 parts by mass / m ² , the plant growth promoting effect may not be exhibited.

The method for spraying water or the aqueous polymer emulsion of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a sprayer for spraying water, agricultural chemicals, or the like can be used.
The aqueous polymer emulsion has an effect of forming a film by drying and suppressing the outflow of the solidified body. As the type of the aqueous polymer emulsion, commercially available ones can be used, and examples thereof include an ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion, an acrylate emulsion, a styrene-butadiene emulsion, and a chloroprene emulsion. Moreover, the liquid which disperse | distributed the cellulose containing a nanosize cellulose and lignin can also be used. The solid content of the aqueous polymer emulsion is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, and if it is less than 5% by mass, the effect of preventing spillage may not be observed. If it exceeds 30% by mass, the growth promotion of plants is suppressed. there is a possibility.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further more concretely, this invention is not limited to the following Example.

"Example 1"
A nonwoven fabric sheet made of cotton was produced by a needle punch method. The prepared sheet was set on a table-like vibrator, and mixed with reagent-grade calcium carbonate and reagent-grade aluminum oxide so as to have a predetermined molar ratio, and prepared by quenching after firing in an electric furnace at 1650 ° C. A calcium aluminate-containing substance was added as shown in the table, seed A was added at 50 g / m ² , and the mixture was vibrated for 1 minute to uniformly disperse in the nonwoven fabric to obtain an experimental nonwoven fabric sheet. The sheet is laid on the weeded ground, and water is sprayed from the surface using a spray spray so that the water content is 450 parts by mass / m ² with respect to 100 parts by mass / m ² of the calcium aluminate-containing substance. confirmed. The results are shown in Table 1.

(Materials used)
Nonwoven fabric: Cotton, size: width 10 cm × length 10 cm, basis weight: 150 g / m ² , thickness: 5 mm, commercially available cotton gauze nonwoven fabric adjusted to a predetermined size, basis weight, and thickness Blast furnace slag powder: blast furnace Granulated slag product, Blaine specific surface area 4300 cm ² / g, manufactured by D.S.I.
Plant seed A: Clover (white clover), commercially available calcium aluminate-containing substance a: amorphous calcium aluminate with CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio = 1.1, Blaine specific surface area 5900 cm ² / g
Calcium aluminate-containing material b: amorphous calcium aluminate with a CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio = 1.5, Blaine specific surface area 5900 cm ² / g
Calcium aluminate-containing material c: amorphous calcium aluminate with CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio = 2.5, Blaine specific surface area 5900 cm ² / g
Calcium aluminate-containing material d: amorphous calcium aluminate with a CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio = 3.0, Blaine specific surface area of 6000 cm ² / g
Calcium aluminate-containing material e: mixture of calcium aluminate-containing material b and blast furnace slag fine powder, mixing ratio: 100: 100 (mass ratio)

(Test method)
Greening herbicidal effect: In the test, soil collected from paddy paddy in Itoigawa City, Niigata Prefecture was packed into a container of 10 cm in length, 10 cm in width, and 8 cm in thickness so as to have a thickness of 5 cm. The environmental conditions were a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 60%, and the average growth length of clover after one month, the average number of germination of weeds other than clover, and the greening rate were confirmed. In the test, we confirmed weeds that grew from the soil itself collected from paddy rice fields in Itoigawa City, Niigata Prefecture, and confirmed that clovers did not breed. The number of n was 5 cases for each condition.
Tree planting rate (%) = [average number of clovers / (average number of clovers + average number of weeds other than clovers) × 100]

From Table 1, the present invention has the effect of promoting the growth of plants and also has the effect of inhibiting the growth of weeds.

"Example 2"
A sheet prepared by adjusting the calcium aluminate-containing substance b to 300 g / m ² was prepared, and the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the seed type and the amount of various seeds were changed as shown in the table. The results are shown in Table 2.

(Materials used)
Plant seeds B: Centipede grass, commercial plant seeds C: mugwort, commercial plant seeds D: chigaya, seeds collected from nature

"Example 3"
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the type of nonwoven fabric was changed as shown in the table so that the calcium aluminate-containing substance b was 300 g / m ² and the seed A was 50 g / m ² . The results are shown in Table 3.

(Materials used)
Nonwoven fabric A: Polylactic acid-based nonwoven fabric, basis weight 30 g / m ² , thickness 5 mm, commercially available product

Example 4
The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of water or aqueous polymer emulsion liquid was changed as shown in the table using a nonwoven fabric sheet in which 300 g / m ^{2 of} calcium aluminate-containing material b was dispersed. The results are shown in Table 4.

(Materials used)
Aqueous polymer emulsion: ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. (trade name: RIS211E), diluted with water to a solid content concentration of 15%.

The present invention can be easily installed in a place where weed protection is desired, and by spreading water from the surface of the sheet, the dispersed seeds germinate, grow and propagate in the process of decomposing over the years of the nonwoven fabric, so weeds can be propagated. Since it can be controlled, it can be applied to the prevention of weed growth on the ground around roads, railroads, parks, rivers, solar power plant sites, farmland, and power facility sites.

Claims (4)

A biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet obtained by dispersing 50 to 1000 g per 1 m ^{2 of} plant seeds and a calcium aluminate-containing substance having a CaO / Al ₂ O ₃ molar ratio of 1.3 to 3.0. Furthermore, the biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet of Claim 1 formed by spraying water or an aqueous polymer emulsion liquid from the top. The biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water or aqueous polymer emulsion liquid is 250 to 800 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the calcium aluminate-containing substance per 1 m ² dispersed in the sheet. A greening herbicide that prevents the growth of weeds by breeding dispersed plant seeds, characterized in that the biodegradable nonwoven fabric sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is laid on the ground after weeding. Construction method.