JP6499984B2 - Hydroelectric and road surface lighting devices using Pelton-type pico hydroelectric generators - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydroelectric generator that generates electric power using a small Pelton turbine operating at a low head, and a hydroelectric outdoor lamp equipped with the generator.

The villages in the mountainous areas are mainly small-scale agriculture, and young people are not returning to the city and the population is decreasing. And there are no outdoor lights on the zigzag slopes that support commuting and attending school, and walking at night becomes dangerous, and it is necessary to return to home by sunset after early farming, and the sun goes down. Relying on cars.
The distribution lines provided by the electric power company are transmitted in such a way that the distance from the fence to the mountainous village is in a straight line with the shortest distance. is there.

In recent years, power generation devices using natural energy are also frequently used, and power generation is performed with familiar energy such as power generation using sunlight, power generation using a windmill, and power generation using a flow in a water channel.
However, sunlight is short in mountainous areas, especially in places where there are large trees, and solar power is not suitable.
In addition, the wind does not blow stably in mountainous areas, and wind power generation becomes unstable and difficult to use.

There are many places where brooks flow in parallel on the slopes in mountainous areas, and it is conceivable to use this water flow to generate electricity and turn on outdoor lights. The amount of water flowing through the stream is limited, and for that purpose it must be a small water wheel. Conventionally, various power generators using small water wheels are known.
For example, “water turbine device and small-scale generator using the same” disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-14360 is sufficiently small and light enough to be easily transported, installed, used, removed and stored, and has a simple structure. In addition, it can generate power efficiently even with a small amount of water and has excellent durability.

  That is, a top surface water tank and a drainage channel are secured on the trapezoid base, and a bearing seat is provided at the center of the circular inner wall, and a casing having an opening for water is embedded in the top surface water tank. A plurality of guide pipes and supply ends are connected around, and the inlet of each of the guide pipes is directed to a tangential approximate centrifugal direction aligned in the same direction around the centrifugal peripheral wall of the casing so as to be exposed to the top water tank. It is a watermill device in which the main shaft of the blade ring is rotatably mounted on the bearing seat.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-118831 discloses a “water turbine device and a hydroelectric power generation device” in which a side wall portion of a case has a conical truncated conical shape in front of a drainage side, an impeller is disposed inside, and the case has a side wall The section is provided with a water supply pipe for supplying water to the impeller from the tangential direction of the locus of the impeller, and a drain pipe for discharging water along the axis of the impeller on the small diameter side. The impeller includes twelve blades having a small distance from the rotating shaft toward the drain pipe side around the frustum-shaped shaft member, and draws a frustoconical locus whose peripheral edge is close to the inner wall of the drainage side wall. The blade is inclined at 45 ° with respect to the rotation axis and inclined at 45 ° with respect to the radial direction from the rotation axis.

"Watermill device and small-scale generator using the same" according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-14360 "Watermill device and hydroelectric power generation device" according to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-118831

  As described above, various relatively small water wheels are known. However, even if it is a conventional small water wheel, it is not easy to rotate using a small amount of water flowing through a mountain stream and turn the generator with this rotational force. The problem to be solved by the present invention is this problem, a Pelton-type pico hydroelectric power generation outdoor lamp that can generate electricity by turning a water wheel in a stream flowing through a stream and can use this power to turn on the exterior lamp. I will provide a.

The outdoor lamp according to the present invention generates power using the water of a stream flowing in parallel with a slope in a mountainous area, and is configured to light the outdoor lamp using this electricity. By the way, the amount of water necessary to light the outdoor lamp is about 1 liter per second, and this amount of water is close to the amount of water coming out of a household tap.
This approximately 1 liter / second of water is branched from a stream with a narrow pipe and guided along a slope. A hydroelectric external light is constructed by integrating an ultra-small hydroelectric generator and LED lighting at a drop of approximately 1.5 m. This outdoor lamp can be continuously arranged along the slope.

The slope of a general slope is about 5%, and if it falls 35m, a head of 1.5m can be obtained, so a hydropower lamp can be installed every 35m on average.
A theoretical energy of 1 liter / second with a drop of 1.5 m is 14.7 w, and electric power (electric power) of about 3.7 w can be obtained if electricity is generated with an efficiency of 25%. Light is obtained.

  In this way, a small hydropower lamp that draws water from a stream with a thin pipe and weighs about 5 to 10 kg has a voltage of 12 v or less and a power generation amount of less than 5 w. There is no risk of electric shock or fire, and no electrical work qualification is required. Construction can be done more easily than the piping work required for water management in paddy fields, so it can be carried out by an aging agricultural worker, and the economic burden of the construction is light, and outdoor lights with no electricity charges are possible. Even if a pipe breaks and water flows to the road surface, the water pressure and flow rate are small, so the road is not broken.

  By the way, the hydroelectric lamp has a vertical shaft at the lower end and a Pelton type turbine that rotates in a horizontal plane, and a plurality of turbine blades are mounted around a rotating body that rotates around the vertical axis. A water pipe for guiding water from the creek is arranged, a supply pipe is connected to the water pipe, and a nozzle is attached to the tip so as to inject water into the water wheel. The Pelton turbine is equipped with a generator and a lighting fixture for lighting with electricity generated by the generator.

The outdoor light of the present invention is constructed by incorporating a Pelton turbine, and water is guided from a water pipe arranged in a stream that flows along a slope, and water sprayed from a nozzle is applied to the turbine blade, thereby rotating the turbine to generate electricity. To do. With this electricity, lighting fixtures can be lit, and can be used as outdoor lights on mountain slopes where electricity is not supplied by the power company.
The amount of water required for power generation is about 1 liter per second. About 1 liter / second of water is branched from a stream by a narrow pipe and guided along a hill. It is possible to continuously arrange the hydropower lamps that are configured by integrating the hydroelectric generator and the LED lighting along the slope.
The outdoor lamp can also be used as a kidnapping lamp to control pests that gather in the fields.

In the Example which shows the hydraulic external light which concerns on this invention, (a) is a front view, (b) is a side view. It is a specific example which shows a Pelton turbine, (a) is a top view, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view. A specific example of a road surface light in which a plurality of hydraulic external lights are arranged along a slope. The A section enlarged view of FIG.

  FIG. 1 is an embodiment showing a Pelton-type hydropower outdoor lamp according to the present invention, where (a) shows a front view and (b) shows a side view. In the figure, 1 is a lighting fixture, 2 is a straight tube lighting fixture, 3 is a vertical tube, 4 is an overflow tube, 5 is an overflow confirmation transparent tube, and 6 is a hub dynamo generator. FIG. 2 shows a Pelton turbine, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view, 7 is a turbine blade, 8 is a turbine casing, 9 is a nozzle tube, and 10 is a nozzle.

The hydraulic external light of the present invention is arranged near a stream and supplies water led from the stream through the water pipe 13 to the supply pipe 11, which can flow through the nozzle pipe 9 and be jetted from the nozzle 10. . Then, the jetted water hits the water wheel blades 7, 7.
Therefore, the hub dynamo generator 6 directly connected to the rotating body 12 is operated to generate electricity, and the lighting fixtures 1, 1.

  The hydropower lamp of the present invention can generate power with a little water energy, that is, a head of about 1.5 m and a water volume of about 1 liter / second, and uses a hub dynamo generator 6 for a bicycle as a generator. The water turbine integrated with the hub dynamo generator 6 is specifically designed by selecting a Pelton system having a simple structure and relatively low energy loss.

For a nozzle injection speed of about 5 m / sec with a head of 1.5 m, the maximum efficiency of a Pelton turbine is efficient by rotating around about 1/2 the turbine speed. The diameter at which the water wheel is 4 to 5 revolutions / second in a second / second is in a range of 199 mm to 159 mm, and is manufactured with a structurally possible 190 mm.
The shaft 18 of the Pelton turbine is vertical and the turbine blades 7 rotate horizontally. Four nozzles 10, 10... With a diameter of 7 mm are evenly arranged horizontally, and the total amount of spray water is approximately 0.8 liters. / Sec. As a result, the theoretical energy was about 11 w, the power generation of about 2.7 w was confirmed with an efficiency of about 25%, and the LED lighting fixtures 1, 1.

.. Are provided on the four nozzles 10, 10... So that the rotation speed of the water turbine does not exceed the design value. It was connected to the overflow pipe 4 that overflowed 5 m above, and the overflow pipe 4 kept 1.5 m even when the inflow pressure increased. The lighting fixtures 1, 1... Are attached to the upper ends of the four vertical tubes 3, 3.

The lighting fixture 1 has two sets of two LED lights for bicycles and one LED light as a 1m straight tube lighting fixture 2, and switches to each lighting fixture 1, 1 ..., straight tube lighting fixture 2. It is possible to select and turn on. The number of bicycle lights is about 0.25w, and even if four lights are turned on, 1w, 1m straight tube lighting fixture 2 is about 1.5w, and the total power consumption is about 2.5w, which is balanced with the amount of power generation.
The hub dynamo generator 6 of the magnet generator structurally requires a starting torque. When the starting head is measured repeatedly, an average of 80 cm and a head of 1 m or more are stable as a hydropower lamp, but the brightness is almost proportional to the head.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which four hydraulic external lights are arranged along a slope, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part A of FIG. In other words, a hydropower lamp is arranged for every head drop of H = 1.5-2m on the road gradient, but the difference in pipe loss and head drop caused by different pipe lengths for each turbine is the difference in water volume for each turbine. Appears as
The difference is that the nozzle injection speed with a drop of 1 m is about 4.4 m, the drop is 1.5 m, the nozzle injection speed is about 5.4 m, and the drop is 2 m with about 6.2 m. When 1.5 m is used as a reference, a difference of 81% to 114% is generated. When a water amount of 0.8 liter with a drop of 1.5 m is used as a reference, a difference of approximately 0.65 liter to 0.91 liter / second is generated.
Therefore, water is taken at a rate of about 1.0 liter / second based on the amount of generated water with a drop of 2 m, and the drop of all turbines is set to 2 m or less, and the excess water is diverted to the overflow pipe 4 to stabilize the turbine. ing.

  In the figure, 16, 16... Indicate spot illumination locations, and a single hydraulic external light is provided with lighting fixtures 1, 1... Composed of a plurality of LEDs, and each of these lighting fixtures 1, 1,. -By changing the direction, the spot illumination places 16, 16... Are connected in a strip shape along the road surface of the uphill road. That is, the area of length Lm can be illuminated with one hydraulic external light.

When leading water from a stream, a water intake and dust removal part 17 is attached to the tip of the water pipe 13, and the water intake digs a groove with a width of 30cm, a depth of 30cm, and a length of 5m, and a dust removal function. The underground drainage pipe (perforated pipe) for civil engineering having a length of about 4 m and a diameter of about 50 mm is filled with water-permeable gravel, and a 40A PVC pipe is directly connected to the water pipe 11 for feeding water to the water turbine. The head from the water intake to the first hydropower lamp was set to approximately 3 m, assuming a head loss of about 1 m due to clogging of the dust removal part.
In a state where there is little clogging of dust removal, the amount of water intake is larger than the planned water intake, so that the water amount adjusting valves 15 are provided at all water turbine inlets so that adjustment is possible.

  Then, the water that has flowed out of the water turbine of the hydraulic external lamp and the water that has flowed through the overflow pipe 4 flow out of the drain pipe 19 and flow through the water supply pipe 13 to the hydraulic external lamp disposed downstream. The adjustment water tank 20 is provided at the outlet of the drain pipe 19, and when the amount of water discharged from the drain pipe 19 is large, it flows through the spill pipe 14 provided alongside the water supply pipe 13 and flows into the downstream adjustment water tank 12.

  By the way, the hydraulic external lamp of the present invention is used as a kidnapping lamp as a usage method other than illuminating a slope. Nocturnal insects, such as moths and some beetles and stink bugs, are often attracted by illumination sources, and the wavelength range of light that insects perceive is in the range of human visible light (400-700 nm) ) Is far beyond the ultraviolet region (250-400 nm), and many insects recognize ultraviolet rays that are invisible to humans as “colors”. Of the light sources that attract nocturnal insects, light sources that emit relatively much ultraviolet light are said to have a higher attraction. It is also possible to construct a light source having a high attractability to these insects by using an LED and add it to a hydropower outdoor lamp, or to dedicate it as a hydropower lantern.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lighting fixture 2 Straight pipe lighting fixture 3 Vertical pipe 4 Overflow pipe 5 Overflow confirmation transparent pipe 6 Hub dynamo generator 7 Turbine blade 8 Turbine casing 9 Nozzle pipe
10 nozzles
11 Water supply pipe
12 Rotating body
13 Water pipe
14 Waste water pipe
15 Water flow control valve
16 Spot lighting location
17 Water intake and dust removal part
18 axes
19 Drain pipe
20 Adjusted water tank

Claims (5)

In a hydroelectric lamp that generates electricity with a rotating Pelton turbine using the water of the stream flowing along the slope, and illuminates the road surface using this power, the Pelton turbine takes water from the stream into the river bed and removes dust. A water supply pipe that supplies a portion through a water supply pipe provided at the tip, a nozzle that is connected to the water supply pipe is provided with a nozzle that injects water on a turbine blade, and the rotational speed of the Pelton turbine has a predetermined value. the standing vertical pipe, connected to the excess water to overflow and overflow pipe can flow into the drainage pipe at the upper end of the vertical tube through which the water extends from the nozzle tubes so as not to exceed the upward The Pelton-type Pico hydropower is characterized in that the inflow pressure to the nozzle tube is regulated and a lighting fixture that is lit by electricity generated by a generator rotating in a Pelton turbine is attached to the upper end of the vertical tube. Hydroelectric light using a generator. The hydropower lamp using the Pelton type pico hydroelectric generator of Claim 1 provided with the straight pipe lighting fixture as said lighting fixture. In a road surface lighting device in which a plurality of hydraulic external lights are arranged to irradiate a slope road surface, the hydraulic external light includes a generator that operates on a Pelton turbine that rotates using water of a stream flowing along a slope, The water wheel has a water supply pipe that supplies water from a stream buried in the river bed and a water supply pipe that supplies a dust removing portion at the tip, and sprays the water turbine blade at the tip of the nozzle pipe connected to the water supply pipe With a nozzle,
Extending rotating speed of the Pelton wheel is upward from the nozzle pipe so as not to exceed the predetermined value upright vertical tubes through which water flows excess water at the upper end of the vertical tube to overflow to the drainage pipe Connected to an overflow tube that can control the pressure inflow into the nozzle tube, a lighting fixture that is lit by electricity generated from the generator is attached to the upper end of the vertical tube , and is positioned above A road surface lamp device, wherein a water pipe is connected to supply water flowing out from a drain pipe of a hydraulic power lamp to a supply pipe of a hydraulic power lamp located below. The road surface lighting device according to claim 3, wherein a water amount adjusting valve is provided at a water turbine entrance of the hydropower outdoor light so that the amount of water flowing in can be adjusted. The road surface lamp device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein an adjustment water tank is provided in the vicinity of a drain pipe of a Pelton turbine, and is connected to an adjustment water tank of a hydraulic external light located below and a spill pipe.

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