JP6503608B2 - Construction method of underground structure and pneumatic caisson used therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is suitable for constructing a large structure at a shallow location in the ground, constructing a small structure at a deep location in the ground, and constructing an underground structure having a different shape in the vertical direction as a whole. The present invention relates to a method of constructing a medium structure and a pneumatic caisson used therefor.

For example, underground structures such as substations with large building facilities (structures) at shallow locations in the ground and small shafts (structures) for underground lines at deep locations, etc. When constructing a different underground structure, generally, (1) once excavate the ground by the amount of the construction facility at a shallow location along with the installation of the earth support and build the construction facility there, and from there a shaft at a deep location And (2) excavate by excavating with the installation of soil retention or sinking the caisson so that all structures envelop the ground, and (2) From there, one of the methods of constructing a building facility in a shallow place and constructing a shaft in a deep place is adopted.
The caisson construction method is roughly divided into a pneumatic caisson construction method and an open caisson construction method according to the difference between the digging method and the sinking method as described in Patent Document 1, for example. The former pneumatic caisson method is An airtight work room is built in the ground, and compressed air matched to the pore water pressure of the ground is sent there to prevent the infiltration of groundwater, and while built in the dry state, while digging and unloading soil manually or by machine, a frame constructed on the ground In the latter method, the open caisson method is used to excavate and carry out the inside of a cylindrical frame whose upper and lower surfaces are open from the ground with a drilling machine such as a clamshell, and gradually build the frame built on the ground It is a construction method to set it down.
For example, as described in Patent Document 2, the so-called “sone-bori” is a method in which a worker enters the hole and manually excavates it based on manual construction.

Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2004-44242 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 10-152853

  However, when constructing a large structure at a shallow location in the ground and constructing a small structure at a deep location in the ground in this way, and constructing a structure having a different shape in the vertical direction as a whole, In the construction using two types of construction methods as in (1), there is a problem that the process from the excavation of the ground to the construction of the underground structure is significantly increased, and as in the above (2) In the construction which carries out the large excavation which envelops all the structures on the ground, there is a problem that the expense which it costs for digging cost other construction becomes excessive.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, in which a large structure is built at a shallow location in the ground, a small structure is built at a deep location in the ground, and a shape is formed vertically in the ground as a whole. When constructing different structures, it is possible to carry out construction with one type of work and continuous construction, and it is possible to greatly reduce the process required for construction, and also to dig in a form along the shape of the vertical structure. Underground structures that can reduce drilling costs and also use and diversify various facilities used for construction to reduce costs for various facilities and significantly reduce overall costs It is an object of the present invention to provide a construction method and a pneumatic caisson used therefor.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is
In the construction method of the underground structure which constructs a large structure in a shallow part in the ground, a small structure in a deep part in the ground, and a ground structure having a different shape in the vertical direction as a whole,
In the large caisson frame for forming the large structure to be sunk in the shallow spot by the pneumatic caisson method, the small structure to be sunk in the deep spot by the pneumatic caisson method is formed the small size of the caisson skeleton for leave Nde write set before sinking the large caisson skeleton in the ground,
After the large caisson case is sunk in the shallow part of the ground, the small caisson case is sunk in the deep part of the ground from the large caisson case
It shall be the gist.

In addition, pneumatic caisson used in the method of constructing an underground structure of the present invention is
A large caisson body to form a large structure,
A small size caisson case for forming a small structure which is removably attached to the bottom plate of the large size caisson case and is incorporated into the inside of the large size caisson case ;
Equipped with
The small caisson case is integrally incorporated into the large caisson case before being sunk into the ground .
It shall be the gist.

According to the construction method of the underground structure of the present invention, a large structure is constructed at a shallow location in the ground, a small structure is constructed at a deep location in the ground, and the underground as a whole having a different shape in the vertical direction When constructing a structure, the large caisson frame for forming a large structure to be sunk in the shallow part of the ground by the pneumatic caisson method, the small caustic sink in the deep part of the earth by the pneumatic caisson method small caisson skeleton to form a construct previously Nde write set before sinking the large caissons skeleton in the ground, after sinking the large caissons skeleton underground shallow location, small from large caissons skeleton Since the caisson frame is sunk deep in the ground, construction with one type of construction and continuous construction can be performed, and the process required for construction can be significantly reduced, and the vertical structure Can be drilled according to the shape of the shape, reduce the cost of drilling, and additionally use various facilities attached to the pneumatic caisson to be used for construction to reduce the cost of the various facilities, overall As a result, the present invention has an exceptional effect that the cost can be significantly reduced.
Further, according to the pneumatic caisson of the present invention, the unique effect of the present invention can be achieved that the method of constructing the underground structure can be realized.

FIG. 1 also shows a method of constructing an underground structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention and a pneumatic caisson used therefor The construction method of the underground structure and the figure which expands and shows the main part of the pneumatic caisson The figure which shows collectively the construction method of the underground structure by 2nd Embodiment of this invention, and a pneumatic caisson used therewith

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 1, according to the construction method of this underground structure, a large structure is constructed at a shallow location in the underground G, a small structure is constructed at a deep location in the underground, and the shape as a whole in the vertical direction In this method, a large caisson body B1 for forming a large structure is sunk in a shallow location in the ground G using a pneumatic caisson method. Two small and large caisson rods that incorporate a small caisson rod S1 into the small caisson rod B1 and form a small caisson rod S1 from the large caisson rod B1 to a deep location in the ground G. Adopt a two-stage set-up method using B1 and S1.

FIG. 1 also shows the pneumatic caisson P1 used in the construction method of this underground structure, and FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the main part thereof.
As shown in FIG. 1, the pneumatic caisson P1 is detachably attached to a large caisson case B1 for forming a large structure and a bottom plate 12 of a large caisson case B1 so as to be a large caisson case B1. And a small caisson casing S1 for forming a small structure incorporated therein, wherein the small caisson S1 is integrally incorporated into the large caisson casing B1.
The large-sized and small-sized caisson rods B1 and S1 have substantially the same configuration except for their sizes.
In the large-size caisson case B1, a side wall 10 is formed in the vertical direction, a cutting edge 11 is formed at the lower end of the side wall 10, and a bottom plate (ceiling slab) 12 is formed at the lower side inside the side wall 11 A working chamber 13 is provided inside the lower end 11. In addition, a hole into which the small caisson case S1 can be removably inserted is drilled in a part of the bottom plate 12 as an incorporating portion 120 for incorporating the small caisson case S1. Then, a plurality of through holes 140, 150 are formed in a predetermined position of the bottom plate 12 in the caisson housing B1 so as to communicate with the through holes 140, 150 and adjust the air pressure and sediment on the top surface of the bottom plate 12. Material shaft 14 used for carrying out the work, man shaft 15 used for raising and lowering the worker, and a plurality of rails 17 are attached to the ceiling slab in the working room 13 in the basement, that is, the lower surface of the bottom plate 12 Excavating machines 18 used for excavating the ground in the lower part of the caisson frame B1 are movably disposed on the rails 17, respectively, and a tower crane (not shown) used to construct the caisson frame B1 on the ground. ), And skater cranes (not shown) used to carry out earth and sand are installed, etc. Various facilities are located necessary to tick caisson method. In addition, a caisson continuation installation body is suitably accumulated and installed in the upper part of this caisson body B1.
The small caisson S1 is formed in the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson box B1 as a built-in portion 120 of the small caisson box S1 with a cutting edge 111 formed, and a side wall 110 is formed upward from this hole 120 Also, a bottom plate (ceiling slab) 112 is formed on the lower side inside the side wall 110, and a working chamber 113 is provided inside the lower end 111 of the side plate 110, and a bottom plate 12 of a large caisson box B1 (as a whole) Is detachably attached to the insertion portion 120) of the In addition, a caisson continuation installation body is suitably accumulated and installed in the upper part of this caisson body S1. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, around the small caisson case S1, ie, between the outer surface of the side wall 110 of the caisson case S1 and the inner circumferential surface of the hole 120 of the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson case B1, In order to ensure air tightness, a water blocking structure using an entrance 19 is provided around the bottom plate 12 upper hole 120 of the large caisson case B1 so as to be airtightly attached to the outer surface of the side wall 110 of the small caisson case S1. In this case, the entrance 19 is constituted by an annular shield packing (entrance packing) made of an elastic material and an annular pressing member made of a metal material to be put on the outer peripheral portion of the shield packing. Grease 20 is injected and filled between the entrance 19 and the outer surface of the side wall 110 of the small caisson housing S1. Furthermore, between the large caisson case B1 and the small caisson case S1, a plurality of lift preventing pins are used to resist the pressure on the small caisson case S1 and to prevent the caisson case S1 from floating. A lift-off prevention structure is employed. In this case, each floating preventing pin 21 can be turned only downward via the pin on the bottom plate fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the hole 120 of the bottom plate 12 and the pin on the bottom plate via the hinge pin and the rotation restricting member. And a small caisson housing side pin fixed to the side wall 110 of the small caisson housing S1. Then, in the caisson housing S1, a material used for adjusting the air pressure and carrying out the soil on the upper surface of the bottom plate 112 in communication with the through hole 140 (only one is shown) formed at a predetermined position of the bottom plate 112. A shaft 114 and a man shaft (not shown) used for raising and lowering workers are installed, and a plurality of rails 117 are attached to the ceiling slab in the work room 113 in the basement, ie, the lower surface of the bottom plate 112 via a plurality of columns 116. These tools are used for drilling the ground in the lower part of the caisson frame S1 on each of the rails 117, and the parts necessary for the pneumatic caisson construction are required for each part of the caisson frame S1. Various facilities are arranged.

In this underground construction method, as shown in FIG. 1, before sinking the large caisson case B1 into the ground, the small caisson case S1 is incorporated into the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson case B1, Using these large and small caisson rods B1 and S1, the large caisson rod B1 sinking step and the small caisson rod S1 sinking step are sequentially performed, and these caisson rods B1 and S1 are used as foundations for undergrounding. Build a large structure at a shallow spot and a small structure at a deep spot in the ground. The procedure is specifically described below.
In the setting step of the large caisson frame B1, the large caisson frame B1 for forming a large structure is sunk at a shallow location in the ground by the pneumatic caisson method.
In this case, first, a reinforced concrete caisson housing B1 is constructed on the ground, and compressed air is fed into the airtight work chamber 13 at the lower part of the caisson housing B1 to prevent water from entering the working chamber 113 of the small caisson housing S1. The large caisson chassis B1 is carried by its own weight while carrying out the excavation work of the ground by the respective drilling machines 18 in the working chamber 13 including the drilling machinery 118 (also to promote the settlement of the caisson chassis B1, if necessary Load water on the bottom plate 12 of the chassis B1 or press-fit the caisson chassis into the ground using a press-in jack and an anchor material; The caisson continuous installation body is piled up and installed on this caisson body B1 (with this, the material shafts 14, 114, man shaft 5 is extended upward) and bottom landing large caissons skeleton B1 to a predetermined depth. In the process of excavating the ground by feeding compressed air into the working chamber 13 at the lower part of the caisson body B1, the inner circumferential surface of the hole 120 of the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson body B1 and the side wall 110 of the small caisson body S1. The airtightness between the outer surface and the outer surface is ensured by the combined use of the entrance 19 and the grease 20 (see FIG. 2), and for the pumping pressure of the small caisson housing S1, the space between the bottom plate 12 and the small caisson housing S1. The plurality of floating preventing pins 21 (see FIG. 2) resist the movement of the small caisson housing S1 (the upward movement of the small caisson housing S1 is restricted), and the floating of the caisson housing S1 is prevented. Further, against the sinking of the small caisson casing S1, the traveling rails 117 and the support 116 (see FIG. 2) of the excavating machine 118 in the working chamber 113 below the caisson casing S1 resist. After the large caisson case B1 (and the caisson continuous installation) is sunk, the working chamber 13 of the caisson case B1 is filled with the filling concrete 22 to fill the working chamber 13 inside. In addition, in this inside filling, you may pour weak strength concrete in the part directly under small sized caisson body S1.
After the large caisson body B1 is sunk (embedded) and buried in the middle, the process proceeds to the small caisson body S1 sunk step. In this step, the small caisson shell S1 incorporated in the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson shell B1 is sunk from the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson shell B1 deep in the ground by the pneumatic caisson method. In this case, similarly to the submersion step of the large-sized caisson body B1, compressed air is sent to the working chamber 113 at the lower portion of the small-sized caisson body S1 to prevent water from entering and ground is obtained by each digging machine 118 in the working chamber 113. Digging the small caisson body S1 with its own weight (also to load the load water on the bottom plate 112 of the caisson body S1 if necessary in order to promote the settlement of the caisson body S1, or by a jack for press-fitting In some cases, the caisson body S1 is press-fit into the ground using an anchor material, and pressed into the ground by a predetermined stroke, and appropriately, the caisson continuous installation body is stacked and installed on the caisson body S1. Then, the material shaft and man shaft are extended upward, and the small caisson housing S1 is placed at a predetermined depth. In the settling process of the small caisson case S1, the floating preventing pin 21 (see FIG. 2) between the bottom plate 12 and the small caisson case S1 allows the downward movement of the small caisson case S1, and this caisson It does not interfere with sedimentation of the rod S1. After the small caisson body S1 is sunk, the work room 113 is filled with filling concrete to fill the work room 113 inside. In this manner, the small caisson casing S1 is sunk in connection with the large caisson casing B1.
Then, based on these caisson bodies B1 and S1 (and caisson continuous installation bodies), a large structure is constructed at a shallow location in the ground, and a small structure is constructed at a deep location in the ground. Underground structures of different shapes.

As described above, in this construction method of the underground structure, the large caisson body B1 for forming the large structure is sunk in the shallow part of the ground by the pneumatic caisson method, and the large caisson body B1 is formed. The small caisson case S1 is incorporated in the bottom plate 12 to form a small structure, and the large caisson case B1 is sunk (embedded), filled in, and then the small caisson case S1 is prepared from the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson case B1. Since it is sunk deep in the ground, construction with one type of work and continuous construction can be performed, and the steps required for construction can be significantly reduced, and the shape along the shape of the vertical structure Drilling is possible to reduce drilling cost, and further each caisson casing B1, drilling machine 18 at the bottom of S1, material shaft 14 inside each caisson casing B1, S1, The cost is reduced as a whole by reducing the cost required for various facilities by sharing and using various facilities attached to the pneumatic caisson P1 such as compressed air facilities for overhead parts, compressed air facilities at the ground, various cranes, etc. It can be greatly reduced.
The pneumatic caisson P1 can realize the construction method of this underground structure.

A second embodiment is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, this construction method of the underground structure also constructs a large structure at a shallow location in the ground, a small structure at a deep location in the ground, and the shape in the vertical direction as a whole Also in this method, in the case of constructing a different underground structure, a large caisson body B2 for forming a large structure is sunk in a shallow location in the ground by the pneumatic caisson method, Two large and small caisson rods B2 and S2 incorporating a small caisson rod S2 for forming a small structure in the rod B2 and sinking a small caisson rod S2 from a large caisson rod B2 to a deep place in the ground The two-stage set-up method is adopted.

FIG. 3 also shows the pneumatic caisson P2 used in the construction method of this underground structure.
As shown in FIG. 3, this pneumatic caisson P2 is detachably attached to the large caisson case B2 for forming a large structure and the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson case B2 so as to be a large caisson case B2. The small caisson case S2 and the small caisson case S2 and the large caisson case B2 are separate, and the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson case B2 is separate. The small caisson box S2 is retrofitted into the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson box B2 with the inlay 120 for the small caisson box S2.
The large-sized and small-sized caisson rods B2 and S2 have substantially the same configuration except for the size thereof.
The large-sized caisson case B2 has a configuration substantially similar to that of the first embodiment (large-sized caisson case B1) as a whole, and therefore the same reference numerals are given to the portions common to the first embodiment. And duplicate explanations will be omitted. Further, illustration of the material shaft 14, the man shaft 15 and the like is omitted. The large size caisson case B2 is different from the case where the small size caisson case S2 is incorporated into the bottom plate 12 (as an initial aspect), but only the incorporation portion 120 for the small size caisson case S2 is formed. It differs from the first embodiment. In this case, a hole through which the small caisson case S2 can be removably inserted is drilled as a built-in portion 120 for incorporating the small caisson case S2 into a part of the bottom plate 12, and this hole 120 is blocked by the temporary bottom plate 121. Be done. The temporary bottom plate 121 is formed by placing concrete in the hole 120 of the bottom plate 12, and in order to resist the lifting pressure on the temporary bottom plate 121, a plurality of supports 23 are installed between the bottom plate 12 and the temporary bottom plate 121. Ru. In this case, the temporary bottom plate 23 is formed in the range from the lower side opening of the hole 120 of the bottom plate 12 to the vicinity of the middle portion between the lower side opening and the upper side opening, and each support 23 is inside the hole 120 of the bottom plate 12. It is installed and fixed between the circumferential surface and the upper surface outer peripheral side edge of the temporary bottom plate 121 so that the temporary bottom plate 121 is pressed from above by each support 23. In addition, when the small caisson housing S2 is incorporated in the mounting portion 120 around the mounting portion 120 of the small caisson housing S2 on the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson housing B2, the side wall 110 of the small caisson housing S2 is assembled. A waterproof structure using the entrance 19 is provided so as to be airtightly and closely attached to the outer surface. The entrance 19 is as described in the first embodiment. In addition, the grease 20 is also used in combination when the small caisson housing S2 is incorporated. In addition, a caisson continuation installation body is suitably accumulated and installed in the upper part of this caisson body B2.
As in the first embodiment, the small caisson S2 has a cutting edge 111 formed in the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson housing B2 as a built-in portion 120 of the small caisson housing S2, and this hole 120 is formed. A side wall 110 is formed upward from the bottom, and a bottom plate (ceiling slab) 112 is formed on the lower side of the inner side of the side wall 110, and a working chamber 113 is provided inside the blade port 111 below it. It is detachably attached to (the incorporating portion 120 of) the bottom plate 12 of the large sized caisson housing B2. In addition, a caisson continuation installation body is suitably accumulated and installed in the upper part of this caisson body S2. Then, a material shaft used for adjusting the air pressure and carrying out the earth and sand on the upper surface of the bottom plate 112 in communication with the opening 140 (only one is shown) formed in a predetermined position of the bottom plate 112 in the caisson housing S2. 114, a man shaft (not shown) used for raising and lowering the worker is installed, and a plurality of rails 17 are attached to the ceiling slab in the work room 113 in the basement, ie, the lower surface of the bottom plate 112. A variety of equipment necessary for the pneumatic caisson construction is disposed at each part of the caisson casing S2, such as an excavating machine 118 used for excavating the ground in the lower part of the caisson casing S2 is movably disposed.

In this construction method of the underground structure, before sinking the large-sized caisson body B2 into the ground, the incorporating portion 120 for the small-sized caisson body S2 is formed in the bottom plate 12 of the large-sized caisson body B2, As the small caisson body S2 is incorporated into the bottom plate 120 of the large caisson body B2 after settling (landing) and filling in the large caisson body B2, using these large and small caisson bodies B2 and S2 The large caisson body B2 sinking step and the small caisson body S2 sinking step are sequentially performed, and based on these caisson bodies B2 and S2, a large structure is built in the shallow part in the ground, Build small structures deep. The procedure is specifically described below.
In the setting step of the large caisson body B2, the large caisson body B2 for forming a large structure is sunk at a shallow location in the ground by the pneumatic caisson method.
In this case, first, a reinforced concrete caisson body B2 is constructed on the ground, and compressed air is sent to the airtight work chamber 13 at the lower part of the caisson body B2 to prevent water from infiltrating. While carrying out the excavation work of the ground, large-scale caisson body B2 by its own weight (Also, in order to promote the settlement of this caisson body B2, load water is loaded on bottom plate 12 of caisson body B2, if necessary, for press-fit Using a jack and an anchor material, the caisson body may be pressed into the ground, or may be pressed into the ground by a predetermined stroke, and the caisson chain body may be stacked on the caisson body B2 as appropriate. (In accordance with this, the material shaft and man shaft are extended upward), and the large caisson case B2 is bottomed to a predetermined depth. In the process of excavating the ground by feeding compressed air into the working chamber 13 at the lower part of the caisson frame B2, against the lifting pressure of the temporary bottom plate 121 of the bottom plate 12, between the bottom plate 12 and the temporary bottom plate 121. The plurality of supports 23 hold down and resist, and the floating of the temporary bottom plate 121 is prevented. After the large caisson case B2 (and the caisson continuous installation) is sunk, the work room 13 is filled with the filling concrete 22 to fill the working room 13 inside. In the inside filling, a weak-strength concrete may be placed in a portion directly below the temporary bottom plate 121.
After the large caisson body B2 is sunk (grounded) and filled in, the process proceeds to the small caisson body S2 sunk step. In this step, as described above, the small caisson casing S2 is incorporated into the mounting portion (hole) 120 of the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson casing B2, and the bottom plate 12 of the large caisson casing B2 is formed by the pneumatic caisson method. Sink the small caisson chassis S2 deep in the ground. In this case, similarly to the sinking step of the large-sized caisson body B2, compressed air is sent to the working chamber 113 at the lower portion of the small-sized caisson body S2 to prevent water from infiltrating. Digging work, load the caisson chassis S2 with its own weight (and, if necessary, load water on the bottom plate 112 of the caisson chassis S2 to promote the settlement of the caisson chassis S2, or press-fit jacks and anchors). Material may be used to press-fit the caisson body S2 into the ground, or press-fit and sink into the ground a predetermined stroke at a given stroke, and appropriately, the caisson continuous installation body is stacked and installed on the caisson body S2. (In accordance with this, the material shaft and the man shaft are extended upward), and the small caisson housing S2 is bottomed to a predetermined depth. After the small caisson body S2 is sunk, the work room 113 is filled with filling concrete to fill the work room 113 inside. In this manner, the small caisson casing S2 is sunk in connection with the large caisson casing B2.
And based on these caisson bodies B2 and S2 (and caisson continuous installation bodies), a large structure is built in the shallow part in the ground, a small structure is built in the deep part in the ground, and the vertical direction as a whole Underground structures of different shapes.

  Also in this case, the same function and effect as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

P1, P2 Pneumatic caisson B1, B2 Large caisson body S1, S2 Small caisson body 10, 110 Side wall 11, 111 Cutting edge 12, 112 Bottom plate (ceiling slab)
120 built-in part (hole)
121 temporary bottom plate 13, 113 working room 140 through hole 14, 114 material shaft 150 through hole 15 man shaft 16, 116 post 17, 117 rail 18, 118 drilling machine 19 entrance 20 grease 21 floating pin 22 internal concrete 23 support

Claims (2)

In the construction method of the underground structure which constructs a large structure in a shallow part in the ground, a small structure in a deep part in the ground, and a ground structure having a different shape in the vertical direction as a whole,
In the large caisson frame for forming the large structure to be sunk in the shallow spot by the pneumatic caisson method, the small structure to be sunk in the deep spot by the pneumatic caisson method is formed the small size of the caisson skeleton for leave Nde write set before sinking the large caisson skeleton in the ground,
After the large caisson case is sunk in the shallow part of the ground, the small caisson case is sunk in the deep part of the ground from the large caisson case
How to construct underground structures characterized by A large caisson body to form a large structure,
A small size caisson case for forming a small structure which is removably attached to the bottom plate of the large size caisson case and is incorporated into the inside of the large size caisson case;
Equipped with
The small caisson case is integrally incorporated into the large caisson case before being sunk into the ground.
A pneumatic caisson for use in the method of constructing an underground structure according to claim 1.

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