JP6503987B2 - Waste gasification apparatus and method, waste gasification and liquid fuel production apparatus and method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste gasification apparatus and method for gasifying waste in a gasification furnace to obtain product gas, and a waste gasification / liquid fuel production apparatus and method for obtaining liquid fuel from the product gas.

  BACKGROUND ART A waste gasifier that gasifies waste to generate gas is known, for example, in Patent Document 1. In the apparatus of Patent Document 1, wastes are compressed by a compression molding apparatus prior to being supplied to the gasification furnace and are formed into a dense block. The compression molding apparatus has a support board and a pressing member which can be opened and closed in the cylindrical part, and wastes are supplied into the cylindrical part and then compressed toward the closed support board by the pressing member to be blocked. The blocks are formed in a batch system, and each time the formation is performed, the blocks are intermittently introduced into the gasification furnace to thermally decompose and gasify waste to generate a product gas. An oxygen-containing gas supply port is provided in the upper wall portion of the gasification furnace, and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the generated gas in the upper space in the furnace to reform the generated gas.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses an apparatus for producing a liquid fuel using the product gas obtained as described above as a raw material. In this patent document 2, a mixed gas of liquid fuel (DME) and carbon dioxide is generated by the reaction of hydrogen in product gas with carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide is separated from this mixed gas to obtain DME. And

JP 2013-129791 Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-045394

  When liquid fuel is to be efficiently produced from product gas obtained by gasifying waste, the product gas is obtained in the block of the highly densified waste according to Patent Document 1, and this product gas is used as a raw material for patent document According to 2, it is possible to produce liquid fuel.

However, in order to block waste according to Patent Document 1, one block is placed in the furnace of the gasification furnace in order to cause the support plate and the pressing member to perform a series of operations in the cylindrical portion of the compression molding apparatus. The interval from the supply to the supply of the next block into the furnace is relatively long. Therefore, the properties of the generated gas in the furnace change intermittently. That is, immediately after the block is supplied into the furnace, the concentration of H ₂ and CO in the product gas increases because the waste of the block is pyrolyzed and gasified in a large amount, and before the next block is supplied Because the amount of waste pyrolyzed in the furnace is small, the concentration of H ₂ and CO in the product gas fluctuates to decrease. As a result, when the purified gas obtained by purifying the produced gas is supplied as the liquid fuel production raw material, the raw material component composition can not be stably supplied, and the yield of the liquid fuel is lowered.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method capable of gasifying waste and stably producing a produced gas, and thus producing a liquid fuel from the produced gas with high yield.

  According to the present invention, the first and second inventions are directed to a waste gasification system for stably producing product gas, and the third aspect is directed to a waste gasification / liquid fuel production system for producing liquid fuel with high yield. The invention and the fourth and fifth inventions for the waste gasification method and the sixth invention for the waste gasification / liquid fuel production method are configured as follows, and the above-mentioned problems are solved.

[Waste gasification system]
<First invention>
A waste gasifier comprising: a compression molding device for compression molding waste into a block to form a block; and a gasification furnace for gasifying a block received from the compression molding device,
The compression molding apparatus has a plurality of cylindrical portions, each cylindrical portion is connected to the gasification furnace, and a passage in the cylindrical portion is in communication with the in-furnace space of the gasification furnace, and each cylindrical portion And a support plate for closing and opening the passage of the cylindrical portion at a forward position closer to the gasification furnace than the waste supply portion, and a cylindrical shape. Forward and backward within the unit, and forwardly from a position behind the waste supply unit, together with the support plate, compress the waste to form a block and push the block forward after the support plate is opened. It is provided, and the support board and the pressing member in each cylindrical portion repeat the following series of operations (i) to (iii), and the operation timing of the series of operations is set by shifting between the respective cylindrical sections. The waste gasifier characterized by having been.
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.

  In the first aspect of the invention, the inner wall surface of the front end portion of the cylindrical portion communicating with the inner space of the gasification furnace forms a gap with the block at least a part in the circumferential direction. It is preferable to form a heat receiving space for receiving radiant heat.

<Second invention>
A waste gasifier comprising: a compression molding device for compression molding waste into a block to form a block; and a gasification furnace for gasifying a block received from the compression molding device,
The cylindrical portion of the compression molding apparatus has a main cylindrical portion and a sub cylindrical portion juxtaposed to the main cylindrical portion, and the sub cylindrical portion is connected to the gasification furnace and the inside of the sub cylindrical portion And the main tubular portion is provided with a waste supply unit for supplying wastes into the tubular portion, and a gas supply from the waste supply unit is provided. A support plate which closes and opens the passage of the main tubular portion at a forward position close to the furnace, and can be advanced and retracted within the main tubular portion, and advances from a rear position with respect to the waste supply portion And a pressing member that compresses the waste into a block and pushes the block after the opening of the support plate forward, and a block in the main cylindrical portion is formed from the side at the front end of the main cylindrical portion as a sub-cylindrical A transition body is provided to be transferred to the part, and the block transferred from the main cylindrical part is sent forward to the gasification furnace in the sub-cylindrical part Delivery is provided body, repeating a series of operations waste gasifier characterized by the support plate and the pressing member in the main cylindrical portion of the following (a) to (c).
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position behind the waste supply part, and the waste is combined with the support board and compressed to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.

  In the second invention, the sub-cylindrical portion is an inner wall surface of the front end portion of the sub-cylindrical portion communicating with the in-furnace space of the gasification furnace, and at least a part of the circumferential direction forms an air gap with the block. It is preferable to form a heat receiving space which receives radiant heat from the inside.

[Waste gasification and liquid fuel production equipment]
<Third invention>
From the waste gasifier according to the first or second invention, a gas purifier connected to the waste gasifier for receiving the product gas from the waste gasifier and purifying the product gas, and from the purified gas In a waste gasification / liquid fuel production apparatus having a liquid fuel production apparatus for producing liquid fuel,
A heat recovery device equipped with a waste heat boiler that recovers the heat held by the product gas from the waste gasification device and generates steam is installed between the waste gasification device and the gas purification device, and a liquid fuel production device A gas turbine generator driven by surplus gas left over from the production of liquid fuel is connected to the heater, which receives the steam from the waste heat boiler and heats it with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine generator to generate superheated steam. A waste gasification and liquid fuel production system comprising a steam turbine generator driven by superheated steam connected to the heater.

  In the third invention, the heat recovery device has a temperature reducing device at a position upstream of the waste heat boiler, and cools the generated gas to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting temperature of dust contained in the produced gas and supplies it to the waste heat boiler. Is preferred.

  In the third invention, the waste gasifier has an oxygen-containing gas supply unit in the gas reforming unit of the gasification furnace, and the temperature of the generated gas discharged from the gas reforming unit is contained in the generated gas. It is preferable that the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas from the oxygen-containing gas supply unit be controlled so as to be equal to or lower than the melting temperature.

[Waste gasification method]
<Fourth invention>
In a waste gasification method of compression molding waste into a block in a cylindrical portion provided in a compression molding apparatus, and gasifying the block in a gasification furnace,
It has a plurality of cylindrical parts, each cylindrical part is connected to the gasification furnace, the passage in the cylindrical part is in communication with the furnace internal space of the gasification furnace, and waste is discharged to each cylindrical part There is provided a waste supply portion for feeding into the tubular portion, and a support plate for closing and opening the passage of the tubular portion at a forward position closer to the gasification furnace than the waste feed portion; A retractable member is provided with a pressing member which advances from a position behind the waste supply unit and compresses the waste into a block together with the support plate to push the block forward after the support plate is opened. A series of the following operations (a) to (c) are repeatedly performed on the support plate and the pressing member in each cylindrical portion using the compression molding apparatus, and the operation timings of the series of operations A waste gasification method characterized by being performed in a staggered manner.
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.

  In the fourth aspect of the invention, a void is formed between the block and at least a part of the circumferential direction on the inner wall surface of the front end of the tubular portion communicating with the in-furnace space of the gasification reforming furnace, and the radiant heat from inside the furnace Is preferably received by the block.

<Fifth Invention>
In a waste gasification method of compression molding waste into a block in a cylindrical portion provided in a compression molding apparatus, and gasifying the block in a gasification furnace,
A main cylindrical portion and a sub cylindrical portion juxtaposed to the main cylindrical portion, the sub cylindrical portion being connected to the gasification furnace, and the passage in the sub cylindrical portion being the gasification furnace A waste supply unit is provided which communicates with the in-furnace space and supplies waste to the inside of the cylindrical portion in the main cylindrical portion, and the main cylindrical portion is located at a front position closer to the gasification furnace than the waste supply portion. A support plate which closes and opens the passage of the tubular portion, and can be advanced and retracted within the main tubular portion, and advances from a position behind the waste supply portion to compress the waste together with the support plate. A block is provided with a pressing member for pushing the block after the opening of the support board forward, and a transition body is provided at the front end of the main cylindrical portion to shift the block in the main cylindrical portion from the side to the sub cylindrical portion. The sub-cylindrical part is provided with a delivery body for delivering the block transferred from the main tubular part forward toward the gasification furnace. That by using a compression molding apparatus, the support plate and waste gasification method for causing repeated performed a series of operations of the pressing member follows (a) to (c) in the main tubular portion.
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.

  In the fifth invention, an air gap is formed between the block and at least a part of the circumferential direction on the inner wall surface of the front end portion of the sub-cylindrical portion communicating with the in-furnace space of the gasification furnace. It is preferable to receive heat in the block.

[Waste gasification and liquid fuel production method]
<Sixth Invention>
A waste gasification process according to the waste gasification method of the fourth or fifth invention, a gas purification process for purifying a product gas from the waste gasification process, a liquid fuel production process for producing a liquid fuel from the purified gas Waste gasification and liquid fuel production methods,
A heat recovery process for recovering heat from the waste gasification process by the waste heat boiler and generating steam, and a gas turbine generator driven by the excess gas remaining in the liquid fuel production process in the liquid fuel production process A heating step of generating a superheated steam by heating the steam with exhaust gas of the gas turbine generator by receiving the steam from the waste heat boiler, and driving the steam turbine generator with the superheated steam; Waste gasification and liquid fuel production method having two power generation steps.

  In the sixth aspect of the invention, the heat recovery step preferably includes a temperature reducing step of cooling the generated gas to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting temperature of dust contained in the generated gas at a position upstream of the waste heat boiler and supplying the waste gas to the waste heat boiler.

  In the sixth invention, in the waste gasification step, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the gas reforming portion of the gasification furnace, and the temperature of the generated gas discharged from the gas reforming portion is the melting temperature of the dust contained in the generated gas It is preferable to control the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas as follows.

[Effect]
In the first invention and the fourth invention, waste blocks are compression molded at different times in a plurality of cylindrical parts, and the blocks are sequentially disposed from the cylindrical parts in the order of completion of molding. Supply to. Therefore, the frequency with which the block is supplied into the furnace is increased by a multiple of the number of cylindrical portions as compared to the case of a single cylindrical portion conventionally used. As a result, the fluctuation of the property of the product gas in the furnace is reduced, and the component composition of the product gas as the liquid fuel production raw material is stabilized, thereby increasing the yield of the liquid fuel.

  In the first and fourth inventions, when the heat receiving space is formed in the cylindrical portion, the block is preheated by receiving radiant heat from the high temperature gas in the furnace by the formation of the heat receiving space, and the block is put in the furnace. After the supply, the temperature is quickly raised and gasified.

  In the second invention and the fifth invention, after the block formation by the main cylindrical portion, the block is transferred to the sub-cylindrical portion, and the block is supplied from the sub-cylindrical portion into the waste gasification furnace. During the feeding of the block into the furnace by the sub-tubular part, the next block is formed in the main tubular part. As a result, in the main cylindrical portion, the time for sending out and supplying the block into the furnace is unnecessary, and only the time required for block formation is sufficient, so the frequency of block formation increases. As a result, the fluctuation of the property of the product gas in the furnace is reduced, and the component composition of the product gas as the liquid fuel production raw material is stabilized, thereby increasing the yield of the liquid fuel. For one sub-cylindrical portion, two main tubular portions may be provided on both sides, blocks may be alternately formed, and the blocks may be transferred to the sub-cylindrical portion.

  In the second and fifth inventions, when the heat receiving space is formed in the sub-cylindrical portion, the block is preheated by receiving radiant heat from the high temperature gas in the furnace by the formation of the heat receiving space, and the block is put in the furnace. After the supply, the temperature is quickly raised and gasified.

  In the third and sixth inventions, the retained heat of the product gas is recovered by the waste heat boiler, and the gas turbine generator is driven by the surplus gas in the liquid fuel synthesis apparatus, and the exhaust gas from the waste heat boiler The steam is heated to superheated steam, which drives the steam turbine generator. As a result, while generating electric power with two generators, energy of exhaust gas of a gas turbine generator can also be used effectively.

  In the third and sixth inventions, by cooling the generated gas to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting temperature of the dust contained in the generated gas at the front stage position of the waste heat boiler, the dust in the generated gas is not in a melted state. It is possible to prevent the reduction of the heat recovery efficiency of the waste heat boiler and the narrowing of the gas flow path without adhesion.

  In the third and sixth inventions, oxygen from the oxygen-containing gas supply unit of the gas reforming unit is set so that the temperature of the product gas discharged from the gas reforming unit is equal to or lower than the melting temperature of dust contained in the product gas. By controlling the supply amount of the contained gas, the dust in the generated gas is not in a molten state, so that the reduction of the heat recovery efficiency of the waste heat boiler and the narrowing of the gas flow path can be prevented without adhering to the waste heat boiler.

  According to the waste gasification apparatus and method of the present invention, a plurality of cylindrical parts of a compression molding apparatus for forming a block of waste are provided, or the cylindrical parts are divided into a main cylindrical part and a sub cylindrical part. Since the main cylinder forms the block and the sub-cylindrical part supplies the block to the furnace, the block formation frequency, and hence the block supply frequency into the furnace, is greatly increased. As a result, the fluctuation of the property of the product gas in the furnace is reduced, and the component composition of the product gas as the liquid fuel production raw material is stabilized, so that the yield of the liquid fuel is enhanced.

  Furthermore, while using the above waste gasification apparatus and method, the waste heat boiler recovers the retained heat of the generated gas to generate steam, and the surplus gas in the liquid fuel production apparatus drives the gas turbine generator to If the steam turbine generator is driven by the superheated steam obtained by heating the steam with the exhaust gas, power can be generated by the two generators, and the energy of the exhaust gas from the gas turbine generator can be effectively used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic block diagram of the waste gasification and liquid fuel manufacturing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a perspective view showing a form of a cylindrical portion for forming a waste block provided in the waste gasifier in the apparatus, (A) is an example thereof, (B) is another example. (A)-(D) are figures which show formation of the waste block in the cylindrical part of the apparatus of FIG. 1 to process order.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the attached drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a waste gasification / liquid fuel production apparatus according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 1, in addition to a waste gasifier I for obtaining product gas from waste and a liquid fuel production apparatus IV for obtaining liquid fuel from purified gas after purifying the product gas, as a preferred embodiment, the product gas is formed between the two And a gas purification apparatus III for purifying the product gas.

  In the present embodiment, the waste gasifier I for gasifying waste compacts the waste into blocks upon supplying the waste to the gasifier 30, which will be described later, and the block is converted to the gasifier 30. Two compression molding devices 20A, 20B of the same configuration connected to the gasification furnace 30 to be sent out to the gasification furnace 30 are arranged side by side, and waste materials are sent to the compression molding devices 20A, 20B. Waste supply devices 10A and 10B to be supplied are respectively attached. In addition, since two compression molding apparatus 20A, 20B is the same structure in FIG. 1, only one compression molding apparatus 20A is shown in figure.

  Thus, the waste gasifier I is composed of two compression molding devices 20A, 20B and a gasifier 30, to which the waste supply devices 10A, 10B are respectively attached.

  The respective compression molding devices 20A, 20B are formed in the same structure as seen in FIG. 2 (A) showing only the cylindrical parts 21A, 21B and the pressing members 22A, 22B, and the molding and delivery of the block are performed. It differs only in that the time is set out of phase. The two compression molding devices 20A and 20B and the waste material supply devices 10A and 10B have the same structure as described above, and therefore, one compression molding device 20A and the waste material supply device 10A will be described with reference to the structure, The description of the compression molding apparatus 20B and the waste supply apparatus 10B will be omitted.

  The compression molding apparatus 20A has a cylindrical portion 21A for forming a block into wastes and providing a space for feeding the blocks into the gasification furnace 30, and the cylindrical portion 21A is provided with a cylindrical portion 21A from above. A waste supply device 10A for introducing waste into the inside is attached.

  The waste supply apparatus 10A is an apparatus for supplying waste from above into the compression molding apparatus 20A as seen in FIG. 1, and the waste supply apparatus 10A includes a hopper 11A for receiving the waste, and The hopper 11A is provided openably and closably, and has a lid 12A that forms a bottom when closed. The waste supply device 10A communicates with the cylindrical portion 21A of the compression molding device 20A when the lid 12A is in the open position, and supplies waste into the cylindrical portion 21A of the compression molding device 20A. The waste to be supplied is thrown into the waste supply device 10A by a crane or the like in a separated state.

  Below the waste supply device 10A, as described above, the compression molding device 20A for compressing the waste and forming a block, and further pushing the block forward toward the gasification furnace 30 for feeding is provided. It is done. The compression molding apparatus 20A extends in the horizontal direction at the lower position of the hopper 11A and reaches the gasification furnace 30. The cylindrical part 21A reaches the gasification furnace 30, and the inside of the cylindrical part 21A Member 22A as compression means that reciprocates in a piston shape, and the downstream opening of the cylindrical portion 21A by reciprocating in the vertical direction at a position (right side in FIG. 1) downstream from the hopper 11A. And a support plate 23A for opening and closing the plate. The support plate 23A also serves as a gate for opening and closing an upstream side (left side) opening of a cylindrical portion 21A described later.

  The compression molding apparatus 20A is in a closed state in which the support plate 23A closes the downstream opening of the cylindrical portion 21A at the lowered position, and the pressing member 22A approaches the support plate 23A forward (in the right direction in the figure The waste material introduced from the hopper 11A is compressed between the pressing member 22A and the support plate 23A to form a block PA. The shaping of the waste block PA takes place batchwise. The pressing member 22A also has a function of pushing the block PA and sending it forward beyond the position of the support plate 23A when the support plate 23A is in the raised position and in the open state.

  The cylindrical portion 21A extends to the gasification furnace 30 and is connected to the opening of the furnace side wall, and the downstream end (right end) opening of the cylindrical portion 21A communicates with the space in the furnace. In the tubular portion 21A, the opening in the vicinity (upstream side) of the downstream end aperture is preferably at least a part in the circumferential direction, for example, in the upper portion as shown, the block PA and the tubular portion 21A. A heat receiving space HA is formed between the upper wall and the gap that tapers inward into the furnace. In the heat receiving space HA, the block PA reaching the downstream end opening of the cylindrical portion 21A receives radiant heat from the inside of the furnace, and the block PA is preheated before being supplied into the furnace. Thus, after receiving the preheating, the block PA is pushed forward by the subsequent block and dropped into the furnace.

  The gasification furnace 30 has a vertical portion extending in the vertical direction and a horizontal portion extending in the horizontal direction from the lower portion of the vertical portion. The substantially lower half of the vertically extending portion is formed as the thermal decomposition portion 31, and the substantially upper half is formed as the gas reforming portion 32. Further, the horizontal portion is formed as a melting portion 33.

  In the thermal decomposition section 31, a waste block PA (and PB) (hereinafter, blocks PA and PB are collectively referred to as a block P in the furnace) is deposited to form a waste deposit layer Q. The waste in the waste deposit layer Q is gasified by thermal decomposition and the incombustible matter and the ash are melted to be a melt. At the lower part of the side wall of the gasification furnace 30, a first oxygen-containing gas supply port 34 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas into the waste deposit layer Q is provided. The melt is mainly molten slag and molten metal.

  In the gas reforming unit 32, the generated gas generated from the waste deposit layer Q is reformed in the thermal decomposition unit 31. A plurality of second oxygen-containing gas supply ports 35 for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for gas reforming the generated gas into the gas reforming unit 32 is provided on the upper side of the side wall of the gasification furnace 30.

  In the melting unit 33, the molten material generated in the thermal decomposition unit 31 is heated, and carbon and the like contained in the molten material are gasified and removed. The upper wall of the horizontal portion of the gasification furnace 30 is provided with a fuel gas supply port 36 for supplying the fuel gas to the melting portion 33 and heating the molten material by the combustion heat of the fuel gas. Further, a molten material discharge port 37 for discharging the molten material to the outside is provided in the melting portion 33 so as to extend downward.

  At the top of the gasification furnace 30, there is provided a gas duct 39 extending from the product gas outlet 38 formed at the top to discharge the product gas reformed by the gas reforming section 32 out of the furnace. The heat recovery device II is connected to the gas duct 39.

  The heat recovery device II includes a temperature reducing device 41 connected to the gas duct 39 of the gasification furnace 30 and a waste heat boiler 42 connected thereto. In the temperature reducing device 41, when the generated gas discharged from the gasification furnace 30 through the gas duct 39 is sent to the waste heat boiler 42, dust in the generated gas is fused to a heat transfer pipe or the like of the waste heat boiler 42. The product gas is cooled to below the melting temperature of the dust so that the dust does not melt. As means for cooling the product gas by the temperature reducing device 41, means for spraying water or means for blowing back the cooled product gas can be used.

  In the waste heat boiler 42, the heat transfer pipe receives supply of water from the outside, and the heat transfer pipe is heated by the generated gas on its outer surface to recover heat from the generated gas, thereby generating steam in the heat transfer pipe. A heater 51 is connected to the waste heat boiler 42, and the steam from the waste heat boiler 42 is further heated to be superheated steam. A steam turbine generator 52 is connected to the heater 51, and the steam turbine generator 52 is driven by the superheated steam from the heater 51 to generate electric power.

  The gas purification device III has a function of purifying the product gas which has been heat-recovered and cooled by the waste heat boiler 42 to be a purified gas, and feeding the purified gas to the next liquid fuel production device IV.

  In the gas purification device III, a dust removal device 62 and a desulfurization device 63 are disposed in order from the upstream side.

  The dust removing device 62 uses, for example, a ceramic filter device or a bag filter device to remove dust in the generated gas. The dust removing device 62 is not limited to a ceramic filter device or a bag filter device, and may be another type of dust removing device.

  Instead of providing the dust removal device 62, cleaning water is sprayed on the generated gas after heat recovery in the waste heat boiler 42 by the cooling and cleaning device to cool and clean the generated gas, and dust in the generated gas is removed. You may make it remove.

The desulfurizer 63 brings the desulfurization solution into contact with the product gas dust-removed by the dust collector 62, and removes hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) from the product gas. Then, the product gas from which hydrogen sulfide is removed is sent out from the desulfurizer 63 as a purified gas. When the waste contains a large amount of sulfur, the product gas contains carbonyl sulfide (COS), but the carbonyl sulfide is converted to hydrogen sulfide and removed using a COS hydrolysis catalyst.

The liquid fuel production apparatus IV receives the purified gas from the gas purification apparatus III and uses hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the purified gas as raw materials for catalytic reaction, for example, hydrocarbon by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction A fuel synthesis device 72 for synthesizing fuel (liquid fuel), a catalyst poison removal device 71 at the front stage (upstream side) and a reforming distillation apparatus 73 at the rear stage (downstream side) are provided. In the case of synthesizing a hydrocarbon fuel from hydrogen and carbon monoxide by a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction in the fuel synthesis unit 72, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide in the purified gas supplied from the gas purification unit III is about 1 There is a deficiency of hydrogen relative to the preferred ratio of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to a suitable ratio by adding hydrogen before the synthesis reaction, a steam reforming reaction of methane in the purified gas, or a shift reaction. When the shift reaction is performed, a shift reaction device is provided between the catalyst poison removal device 71 and the fuel synthesis device 72. The reaction for synthesizing the liquid fuel using the purified gas as a raw material is not limited to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and a synthesis reaction of methanol, ethanol and DME may be used.

  The purified gas from which the catalyst poisons have been removed is reacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the fuel synthesis device 72 under the catalyst to produce hydrocarbon fuel (liquid fuel crude product) as liquid fuel. In that case, unreacted hydrogen or carbon monoxide which has not been used for the synthesis reaction will remain as a surplus gas after the synthesis reaction.

  The liquid fuel crude product synthesized by the fuel synthesis unit 72 and extracted from the fuel synthesis unit 72 is adjusted in molecular weight by hydrogenation in a reforming / distillation unit 73 to obtain liquid fuel as a product.

  In the above-mentioned fuel synthesis device 72, the composition component of the product gas generated in the gasification furnace of the waste fluctuates due to the property and the amount of the waste, so the composition component of the purified gas also fluctuates. As described above, after the synthesis reaction, unreacted hydrogen or carbon monoxide which has not been used for the reaction remains as a surplus gas.

  Connected to the fuel synthesis device 72 is a gas turbine generator 53 driven using the surplus gas as fuel. Thus, power generation is performed using the surplus gas effectively.

  The gas turbine generator 53 is connected to the above-described heater 51, and the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the gas turbine generator 53 is recovered by the heater 51, and the steam from the waste heat boiler 42 is recovered. The heating by the heater 51 contributes as a superheated steam to the drive of the steam turbine generator 52. Thus, the energy of the surplus gas is not only effectively used for power generation by the gas turbine generator 53, but also contributes to the drive of the steam turbine generator 52 by effectively utilizing the heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine generator 53. Do.

  Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 3 showing the steps of waste block formation and delivery of the present embodiment apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, from the waste block formation to the production of liquid fuel, The steps will be described in order. In FIG. 3, (A) shows one compression molding apparatus 20A, and (B) shows the other compression molding apparatus 20B. Regarding the process, one waste molding is performed for one compression molding apparatus 20A in (A). The delivery of the block from each other is shown in each of steps (i) to (iv), and the other compression molding apparatus 20B in (B) is the same as the one compression molding apparatus 20A in each of the above steps (i) to (iv). It shows the operation state at the timing. The two compression molding devices 20A and 20B repeat the same operation and the same operation, but only differ in that the operation cycle is set to be different, so first, one compression molding device 20A will be described.

  First, as seen in FIG. 3A, in step (i), the support board 23A of the compression molding apparatus 20A is lowered to bring it to a closed position, closing the front of the cylindrical portion 21A The separated waste P'A is dropped and supplied from the hopper 11A in which the unit 12A is in the open position to the cylindrical portion 21A. Next, as seen in step (ii), after closing the lid 12A, the piston-like pressing member 22A is advanced to place the waste P'A between the pressing member 22A and the support plate 23A. Compress to form a waste block PA. Then, as seen in the step (iii), the support board 23A is raised and brought to the open position, and the pressing member 22A is advanced to push the block PA to a position forward of the support board 23A. In the cylindrical portion 21A, the leading block PA-0 which is blocked by waste and pushed forward similarly to the block PA is located in front of the block PA, and the block PA is a leading block PA- It is pushed out by the pressing member 22A until it abuts on zero. Further, as seen in step (iv), the pressing member 22A is advanced, and the leading block PA-0 is pushed by the trailing block PA and sent forward.

  After bringing the block PA into contact with the preceding block PA-0 and feeding it out to a predetermined position, the pressing member 22A is retracted to the original position to open the lid 12A and bring the support board 23A to the closed position. Repeat steps (i) to (iv) to form and feed the next block. Thus, the blocks are formed and delivered one after another, each time advancing by the amount of one block in the cylindrical portion 21A, and in the cylindrical portion 21A, a plurality of blocks come to abut against each other, From the block reaching the front end opening of the cylindrical portion 21A, the gas falls into the gasification furnace 30 one after another.

  Thus, while one block PA is sequentially formed and delivered according to steps (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) in one compression molding apparatus 20A, while being supplied to the gasification furnace 30. As shown in FIG. 3B, the block PB is similarly shaped and delivered through the steps (iii), (iv), (i) and (ii) in the same manner in the other compression molding apparatus 20B. , Gasification furnace 30 is supplied. In the other compression molding apparatus 20B, the process is shifted by two steps with respect to one compression molding apparatus 20A. For example, in step (iii), one compression molding apparatus 20A shown in (A) is a block. When PA is being delivered to the front of the support plate 23A, the other compression molding apparatus 20B shown in (B) is in a state where the block is not formed yet just before the waste is compressed. Thus, the state of the other compression molding apparatus 20B is shifted with respect to the state of the one compression molding apparatus 20A seen in (A) as seen in (B) of FIG. In FIG. 2A, the pressing member 22A of one compression molding apparatus 20A is at a position where the block PA is formed, and the pressing member 22B of the other compression molding apparatus 20B is at the most advanced position (ii) The positions of both the pressing members 22A, 22B and the blocks PA, PB in FIG.

  Thus, by alternately forming waste blocks PA and PB by two compression molding devices 20A and 20B and supplying them to the gasification furnace 30, the gasification furnace 30 is a single block molding delivery device The blocks are supplied twice as often as in the case, and the variation in the properties of the product gas in the furnace is very small. Of course, if three or more compression molding devices are arranged side by side, the variation is further reduced.

  In the example of FIG. 2 (A), two compression / molding devices of the same form are arranged side by side and alternately operated to increase the formation and delivery frequency of the block as a whole, but in FIG. 2 (B) In the example, the frequency of molding and delivery of the block is increased by performing molding and delivery of the block in separate cylindrical parts.

  In FIG. 2B, the cylindrical portion has a main cylindrical portion 21A 'and a sub-cylindrical portion 21B', and the main cylindrical portion 21A 'and the sub-cylindrical portion 21B' are juxtaposed. . The main cylindrical portion 21A 'does not reach the gasification furnace and is formed short, and the sub cylindrical portion 21B' reaches the gasification furnace, and the front end thereof opens to the space in the gasification furnace. There is.

  A pressing member 22A 'and a support plate (not shown) are disposed in the main cylindrical portion 21A' and have the same configuration as the apparatus shown in FIG. 3A, and are supported by the pressing member 22A '. Together with the disc, the waste is formed into blocks. Although the pressing member 22A 'reaches the position where it is advanced by one block after the block PA is formed, the main cylindrical portion 21A' is moved forward because the pressing member 22A 'does not reach the vicinity of the side wall of the gasification furnace. It is shorter than the cylindrical portion 21 shown in FIGS.

  The main cylindrical portion 21A 'is a side cylindrical portion 21A'-1 extending in a direction perpendicular to the side portion of the block PA from the foremost position of the main cylindrical portion 21A' to the sub cylindrical portion 21B '. A transition body 22A'-1 to be shifted is provided, and the block PA molded in the main cylindrical portion 21A 'and sent out to the foremost position is immediately moved to the sub cylindrical portion 21B'. .

  In the main cylindrical portion 21A ', a supporting plate can be omitted as a modification. In that case, it is the front wall of the side cylindrical portion 21A'-1 provided at the front end of the main cylindrical portion 21A 'that plays the role of a support board for receiving waste in the front. In this case, the block PA is transferred to the sub-cylindrical portion 21B 'by the transition body 22A'-1 without advancing from the position formed by the pressing member 22A'. Therefore, the stroke of the pressing member 22A 'is shorter than in the case where the support plate is disposed in the main cylindrical portion 21A', and the block forming frequency can be further increased.

  In the sub-cylindrical portion 21B ', the piston-like delivery body 22B' in the sub-cylindrical portion 21B 'is transferred each time the block PA is shifted to the sub-cylindrical portion 21B' by the transition body 22A'-1. It operates and sends the block PA to the gasification furnace 30.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the cylindrical portion 21A, 21B in FIG. 2 (A) and the sub-cylindrical portion 21B 'in FIG. Since the heat receiving space HA (see FIG. 1) is formed by the tapered air gap extending toward the gasification furnace 30 between the block and the block, the blocks PA and PB are radiation heat from the inside of the furnace in the heat receiving space HA. It is preheated, dropped into the furnace, and immediately gasified.

  In the example shown in FIG. 2B, not one but two main cylindrical portions 21A 'are provided on both sides of the sub cylindrical portion 21B' and two blocks are alternately formed to increase the frequency of block formation. Is also possible. The blocks are alternately transferred to the sub-cylindrical portion 21B 'by the transition body provided in each of the main cylindrical portions 21A' every time the molding is performed in each of the main cylindrical portions 21A '.

  The blocks PA and PB are supplied to the gasification furnace 30 from the cylindrical portions 21A and 21B or the auxiliary cylindrical portion 21B 'of the compression molding devices 20A and 20B, and are gasified as follows.

  The waste blocks PA, PB supplied to the gasification furnace 30 form a waste deposit layer Q in the thermal decomposition section 31 (see FIG. 1). In the waste deposit layer Q, an oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the first oxygen-containing gas supply port 34 provided in the lower part of the thermal decomposition section 31 into the waste deposit layer Q. As a result, combustibles such as fixed carbon in the waste are burned, and the heat energy volatilizes volatile components of the blocks PA and PB to be thermally decomposed. In addition, wastes are pyrolyzed and gasified to carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, etc. to produce product gas, and further, oxygen-containing gas from the second oxygen-containing gas supply port 35 In response to the supply, the product gas is converted to a product gas, and in the melting portion 33, non-combustible components (such as metal) and ash components are melted to form a molten material. The product gas is sent to the heat recovery system II through the gas duct 39 provided at the product gas outlet 38.

  The generated gas sent to the heat recovery apparatus II is reduced in temperature by the temperature reducing device 41 of the heat recovery apparatus II to below the melting temperature of the dust contained in the generated gas. At that time, since the product gas is heat-recovered later by the waste heat boiler 42, the temperature decrease is preferably as small as possible in order to increase the amount of heat recovery, and the temperature is lowered so as to be slightly lower than the melting temperature of the dust. Thus, even if the generated gas is sent to the waste heat boiler 42, the dust is not in a molten state and is not fused to the heat transfer pipe or the like of the waste heat boiler 42.

  Thus, the product gas, which has been cooled to a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of dust contained in the product gas, is sent to the waste heat boiler 42. In the waste heat boiler 42, water is supplied from the outside to the heat transfer tube, and the heat transfer tube contacts the generated gas, and the heat exchange with the generated gas heats the water in the heat transfer tube to steam. It is sent to the heater 51. The generated gas itself is cooled by heat exchange in the waste heat boiler 42, and is sent to the dust removing device 62 of the gas purification device III. The generated gas is sent to the desulfurizing device 63 after the contained dust is removed by the dust removing device 62.

In the desulfurizing apparatus 63, the desulfurizing solution is brought into contact with the product gas dust-removed by the dust removing apparatus 62, and hydrogen sulfide (H ₂ S) is removed from the product gas. Then, the product gas from which hydrogen sulfide has been removed is sent as a purified gas from the desulfurization unit 63 to the catalyst poison removal unit 71 of the liquid fuel production unit IV.

  If the purified gas sent from the desulfurization unit 63 to the catalyst poison removal unit 71 adheres to the catalyst in the fuel synthesis unit 72 prior to the synthesis reaction in the fuel synthesis unit 72 in the catalyst poison removal unit 71, the synthesis reaction is inhibited. The catalyst poisons in the purified gas are removed.

  This catalyst poison component is removed by the adsorbent in the catalyst poison removing device 71.

  The purified gas from which the catalyst poisons have been removed by the catalyst poison removal unit 71 is sent to the fuel synthesis unit 72 and is carbonized as a liquid fuel by the reaction of hydrogen and carbon monoxide under the catalyst by the fuel synthesis unit 72. Produces hydrogen fuel (liquid fuel crude product). In that case, in the fuel synthesis device 72, the composition component of the product gas generated in the gasification furnace of the waste fluctuates due to the nature and the amount of the waste, so the composition component of the purified gas also fluctuates, As a result, as described above, after the synthesis reaction, unreacted hydrogen or carbon monoxide which has not been used for the reaction remains as a surplus gas.

  The liquid fuel crude product synthesized by the fuel synthesis unit 72 is extracted from the fuel synthesis unit 72, sent to the reforming distillation unit 73, and the impurities contained in the liquid fuel crude production by the reforming distillation unit 73. Are separated and removed to obtain a liquid fuel purified product as a product.

  The surplus gas generated by the fuel synthesis device 72 is sent to the gas turbine generator 53, and the gas turbine generator 53 is driven by the surplus gas as a fuel to generate electric power. Thus, power generation is performed using the surplus gas effectively.

  In the gas turbine generator 53 driven by the excess gas, the high temperature exhaust gas is discharged, the exhaust gas is sent to the heater 51, the heat of the exhaust gas is recovered by the heater 51, and the waste heat described above The steam sent from the boiler 42 to the heater 51 is heated by the heater 51 to generate the superheated steam by driving the steam turbine generator 52. Thus, the energy of the surplus gas is used not only for power generation by the gas turbine generator 53 but also for effectively utilizing the heat of the exhaust gas of the gas turbine generator 53 to drive the steam turbine generator 52.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10A Waste supply apparatus 20A Compression molding apparatus 21A, 21B Tubular part 21A 'Main tubular part 21A'-1 Transition body 21B' Subtubular part 22A Pressing member 22B 'Delivery body 23A Support board 30 Gasification furnace 41 Warmer 42 Waste heat boiler 51 Heater 52 Steam turbine generator 53 Gas turbine generator HA Heat receiving space I Waste gasifier
III Gas purification equipment
IV Liquid Fuel Production Equipment

Claims (14)

A waste gasifier comprising: a compression molding device for compression molding waste into a block to form a block; and a gasification furnace for gasifying a block received from the compression molding device,
The compression molding apparatus has a plurality of cylindrical portions, each cylindrical portion is connected to the gasification furnace, and a passage in the cylindrical portion is in communication with the in-furnace space of the gasification furnace, and each cylindrical portion And a support plate for closing and opening the passage of the cylindrical portion at a forward position closer to the gasification furnace than the waste supply portion, and a cylindrical shape. Forward and backward within the unit, and forwardly from a position behind the waste supply unit, together with the support plate, compress the waste to form a block and push the block forward after the support plate is opened. It is provided, and the support board and the pressing member in each cylindrical portion repeat the following series of operations (i) to (iii), and the operation timing of the series of operations is set by shifting between the respective cylindrical sections. The waste gasifier characterized by having been.
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.   The cylindrical portion communicates with the in-furnace space of the gasification furnace. The inner wall surface of the front end of the cylindrical portion forms a gap with at least a part of the circumferential direction and receives heat received from the inside of the furnace The waste gasifier according to claim 1, wherein a space is formed. A waste gasifier comprising: a compression molding device for compression molding waste into a block to form a block; and a gasification furnace for gasifying a block received from the compression molding device,
The cylindrical portion of the compression molding apparatus has a main cylindrical portion and a sub cylindrical portion juxtaposed to the main cylindrical portion, and the sub cylindrical portion is connected to the gasification furnace and the inside of the sub cylindrical portion And the main tubular portion is provided with a waste supply unit for supplying wastes into the tubular portion, and a gas supply from the waste supply unit is provided. A support plate which closes and opens the passage of the main tubular portion at a forward position close to the furnace, and can be advanced and retracted within the main tubular portion, and advances from a rear position with respect to the waste supply portion And a pressing member that compresses the waste into a block and pushes the block after the opening of the support plate forward, and a block in the main cylindrical portion is formed from the side at the front end of the main cylindrical portion as a sub-cylindrical A transition body is provided to be transferred to the part, and the block transferred from the main cylindrical part is sent forward to the gasification furnace in the sub-cylindrical part Delivery is provided body, repeating a series of operations waste gasifier characterized by the support plate and the pressing member in the main cylindrical portion of the following (a) to (c).
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.   In the sub-cylindrical part, the inner wall surface of the front end of the sub-cylindrical part communicating with the in-furnace space of the gasification furnace forms a gap with the block at least a part in the circumferential direction. The waste gasifier according to claim 3, wherein a receiving heat receiving space is formed. A waste gasifier according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and a waste gasifier connected to the waste gasifier for receiving product gas from the waste gasifier and purifying the product gas What is claimed is: 1. A waste gasification and liquid fuel production system comprising a gas purification system and a liquid fuel production system for producing liquid fuel from purified gas,
A heat recovery device equipped with a waste heat boiler that recovers the heat held by the product gas from the waste gasification device and generates steam is installed between the waste gasification device and the gas purification device, and a liquid fuel production device A gas turbine generator driven by surplus gas left over from the production of liquid fuel is connected to the heater, which receives the steam from the waste heat boiler and heats it with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine generator to generate superheated steam. A waste gasification and liquid fuel production system comprising a steam turbine generator driven by superheated steam connected to the heater.   The heat recovery device has a temperature reducing device at a position upstream of the waste heat boiler, and cools the generated gas to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting temperature of the dust contained in the product gas and supplies it to the waste heat boiler. The waste gasification / liquid fuel production apparatus according to claim 5.   The waste gasifier has an oxygen-containing gas supply unit in the gas reforming unit of the gasification furnace, and sets the temperature of the generated gas discharged from the gas reforming unit equal to or lower than the melting temperature of the dust contained in the generated gas The waste gasification / liquid fuel manufacturing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas from the oxygen-containing gas supply unit is controlled. In a waste gasification method of compression molding waste into a block in a cylindrical portion provided in a compression molding apparatus, and gasifying the block in a gasification furnace,
It has a plurality of cylindrical parts, each cylindrical part is connected to the gasification furnace, the passage in the cylindrical part is in communication with the furnace internal space of the gasification furnace, and waste is discharged to each cylindrical part There is provided a waste supply portion for feeding into the tubular portion, and a support plate for closing and opening the passage of the tubular portion at a forward position closer to the gasification furnace than the waste feed portion; A retractable member is provided with a pressing member which advances from a position behind the waste supply unit and compresses the waste into a block together with the support plate to push the block forward after the support plate is opened. A series of the following operations (a) to (c) are repeatedly performed on the support plate and the pressing member in each cylindrical portion using the compression molding apparatus, and the operation timings of the series of operations A waste gasification method characterized by being performed in a staggered manner.
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.   At least a part in the circumferential direction forms an air gap between it and the block on the inner wall surface of the front end of the cylindrical part in communication with the furnace internal space of the gasification reforming furnace, and receives radiant heat from inside the furnace to the block The waste gasification method according to claim 8, which is to be carried out. In a waste gasification method of compression molding waste into a block in a cylindrical portion provided in a compression molding apparatus, and gasifying the block in a gasification furnace,
A main cylindrical portion and a sub cylindrical portion juxtaposed to the main cylindrical portion, the sub cylindrical portion being connected to the gasification furnace, and the passage in the sub cylindrical portion being the gasification furnace A waste supply unit is provided which communicates with the in-furnace space and supplies waste to the inside of the cylindrical portion in the main cylindrical portion, and the main cylindrical portion is located at a front position closer to the gasification furnace than the waste supply portion. A support plate which closes and opens the passage of the tubular portion, and can be advanced and retracted within the main tubular portion, and advances from a position behind the waste supply portion to compress the waste together with the support plate. A block is provided with a pressing member for pushing the block after the opening of the support board forward, and a transition body is provided at the front end of the main cylindrical portion to shift the block in the main cylindrical portion from the side to the sub cylindrical portion. The sub-cylindrical part is provided with a delivery body for delivering the block transferred from the main tubular part forward toward the gasification furnace. That by using a compression molding apparatus, the support plate and waste gasification method for causing repeated performed a series of operations of the pressing member follows (a) to (c) in the main tubular portion.
(A) The pressing member is pushed forward from the original position at the rear of the waste supply portion, and the waste is supplied and compressed together with the support plate to form a block.
(B) Open the support plate, and push the block molded in (a) forward of the support plate with a pressing member.
(C) Retract the pressing member to the original position.   At least a part in the circumferential direction forms an air gap between it and the block on the inner wall surface of the front end of the sub-cylindrical part communicating with the furnace internal space of the gasification furnace, and receives radiant heat from inside the furnace to the block The waste gasification method according to claim 10. A waste gasification process according to the waste gasification method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, a gas purification process for purifying a product gas from the waste gasification process, and a liquid fuel from the purified gas A waste gasification / liquid fuel production method having a liquid fuel production process for producing
A heat recovery process for recovering heat from the waste gasification process by the waste heat boiler and generating steam, and a gas turbine generator driven by the excess gas remaining in the liquid fuel production process in the liquid fuel production process A heating step of generating a superheated steam by heating the steam with exhaust gas of the gas turbine generator by receiving the steam from the waste heat boiler, and driving the steam turbine generator with the superheated steam; Waste gasification and liquid fuel production method having two power generation steps.   The waste according to claim 12, wherein the heat recovery step includes a temperature reduction step of cooling the generated gas to a temperature equal to or lower than the melting temperature of dust contained in the generated gas at a front stage position to the waste heat boiler and supplying the waste gas to the waste heat boiler. Gasification and liquid fuel production method.   In the waste gasification step, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied to the gas reforming portion of the gasification furnace, and the temperature of the generated gas discharged from the gas reforming portion is made equal to or lower than the melting temperature of the dust contained in the generated gas The waste gasification and liquid fuel production method according to claim 12, wherein the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas is controlled.

Images