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JP6504526B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
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JP6504526B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

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JP6504526B2
JP6504526B2 JP2016011055A JP2016011055A JP6504526B2 JP 6504526 B2 JP6504526 B2 JP 6504526B2 JP 2016011055 A JP2016011055 A JP 2016011055A JP 2016011055 A JP2016011055 A JP 2016011055A JP 6504526 B2 JP6504526 B2 JP 6504526B2
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fuel cell
surge
voltage
compressor
stack
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JP2017130430A (en
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良一 難波
良一 難波
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

本発明は、燃料電池システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a fuel cell system.

燃料電池システムにおいて、エアコンプレッサによるサージを抑制するために、酸化ガス供給路上の圧力センサまたは流量センサによって検出された圧力、流量の変化に基づいてサージングの発生を検知していた例がある(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   In fuel cell systems, in order to suppress surges caused by an air compressor, there has been an example in which the occurrence of surging is detected based on changes in pressure and flow rate detected by a pressure sensor or flow rate sensor on the oxidizing gas supply path (for example, , Patent Document 1).

特開2009−076243号公報JP, 2009-076243, A

しかしながら、従来は、コンプレッサがサージ領域にて動作しているかどうかを事前に調査したマップを基に判断しているため、インペラ劣化などの影響でマップ条件が変化してしまった際に判断を誤り、サージ領域にてコンプレッサを動かしてしまうことがあった。この結果、NV発生、インペラ耐久性低下、極間差圧発生による燃料電池スタック(特に電解質)の耐久性低下を引き起こすおそれが生じる。   However, conventionally, since it is judged based on the map which investigated beforehand whether the compressor was operating in the surge area based on the map, the judgment was wrong when the map conditions changed due to the influence of impeller deterioration etc. The compressor may move in the surge region. As a result, there is a possibility that the durability of the fuel cell stack (particularly, the electrolyte) may be lowered due to the occurrence of NV, the durability of the impeller, and the generation of the differential pressure between the electrodes.

そこで、本発明は、サージ領域を回避して運転することが可能となり、また、NV抑制、インペラ耐久性向上、極間差圧発生による燃料電池スタックの耐久性低下を回避することができる燃料電池システムを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention can be operated while avoiding a surge region, and can be used to suppress the NV, improve the durability of the impeller, and prevent the decrease in durability of the fuel cell stack due to the generation of the differential pressure between the electrodes. It aims to provide a system.

かかる課題を解決するべく、本発明に係る燃料電池システムは、燃料電池と、該燃料電池の電圧を検出する電圧センサと、前記燃料電池に酸化ガスを供給するエアコンプレッサと、該エアコンプレッサがサージ状態かどうかを検出する検出部と、制御装置と、を備え、
前記検出部は、前記電圧センサが検出した前記燃料電池の電圧変動が周期的である場合に、前記エアコンプレッサがサージングしていると検出し、前記制御装置は、該検出信号を受けてサージ回避制御を実行する。
In order to solve such problems, a fuel cell system according to the present invention comprises a fuel cell, a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage of the fuel cell, an air compressor for supplying an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell, and a surge of the air compressor. A detection unit that detects whether or not it is in a state, and a control device;
The detection unit detects that the air compressor is surging when the voltage fluctuation of the fuel cell detected by the voltage sensor is periodic, and the control device receives the detection signal to avoid surge Execute control.

本発明によれば、サージ領域を回避して運転することが可能となる。また、NV抑制、インペラ耐久性向上、極間差圧発生による燃料電池スタックの耐久性低下を回避することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to operate while avoiding a surge region. In addition, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the fuel cell stack due to the NV suppression, the improvement of the impeller durability, and the generation of the inter-electrode differential pressure.

インペラの一例を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view showing an example of an impeller. 周期T1について説明する図である。It is a figure explaining period T1. スタック内の液水挙動によるスタック出力変動の例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the example of the stack output fluctuation by the liquid water behavior in a stack. コンプレッササージ現象時間でスタック出力が変動する例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the example to which stack output changes with compressor surge phenomenon time. 燃料電池システムにおける制御実施例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the control Example in a fuel cell system.

以下、本発明の構成を図面に示す実施の形態の一例に基づいて詳細に説明する(図1〜図5参照)。   Hereinafter, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail based on an example of the embodiment shown in the drawings (see FIGS. 1 to 5).

本実施形態の燃料電池システムは、図示してはいないが、スタック、エア供給流路、ターボコンプレッサ、スタック出力検知装置(セルモニタなど)、ターボコンプレッサ回転数検知装置、制御装置などを備えたシステムとして構成されている。   Although not shown, the fuel cell system of the present embodiment is a system including a stack, an air supply channel, a turbo compressor, a stack output detection device (such as a cell monitor), a turbo compressor rotation number detection device, and a control device. It is configured.

制御装置は、スタックの出力変動周期がターボコンプレッサ回転数をインペラ10の翼枚数で割ったものの整数倍の周期であるとき、コンプレッササージ領域と判断し、サージ回避制御を行う。コンプレッサはインペラ10の翼を用いて空気を圧縮していることから、本実施形態では、サージ領域では圧力がインペラ10の回転数とその翼枚数次第で圧力脈動の周期が変化することに着目している。   When the output fluctuation period of the stack is a period that is an integral multiple of the turbo compressor rotation number divided by the number of blades of the impeller 10, the control device determines that the compressor surge region and performs surge avoidance control. Since the compressor compresses the air using the blades of the impeller 10, in the present embodiment, in the surge region, the pressure changes in the cycle of pressure pulsation depending on the number of rotations of the impeller 10 and the number of blades thereof. ing.

なお、サージ回避制御技術は、既存の技術(例えば特開2009−123550に記載の技術など)を用いる等でもよく、その技術自体は特に限定されない。   The surge avoidance control technique may use an existing technique (for example, the technique described in JP-A-2009-123550), and the technique itself is not particularly limited.

ここで、T1を以下のように定義する。
T1:コンプレッサ出口をインペラ翼1枚が通過する時間
すなわち、T1は、インペラ10が1周するまでに要する時間をインペラ10の翼枚数で割ったものである(図1、図2参照)。
Here, T1 is defined as follows.
T1: The time required for one impeller blade to pass through the compressor outlet, that is, T1 is the time required for the impeller 10 to make one revolution divided by the number of blades of the impeller 10 (see FIGS. 1 and 2).

スタック内の液水挙動がスタック出力電圧に影響する場合などは、周期が一定ではなくランダムだが(図3参照)、コンプレッサのサージ領域では、時間T1の整数倍の周期で、スタック出力電圧が変動することを検知し(図4参照)、サージ回避制御を実行する。   When the liquid-water behavior in the stack affects the stack output voltage, etc., the cycle is not constant but random (see Fig. 3), but in the compressor surge region, the stack output voltage fluctuates at a cycle that is an integral multiple of time T1. To do (see FIG. 4) and execute surge avoidance control.

なお、スタック出力電圧は全セル電圧の平均をとっても構わないが、特に、分配器から最も離れた奥側セルあるいはその周辺のセルの電圧を検知すると、さらにサージ検出がしやすい。また、スタックの出力変動周期に関しては、最大最小範囲は任意に設定可能だが、一般的には最大2[sec]までを最大値とし、それ以上の変動周期であった際はサージ領域と判定しない。最小値は0.05[msec]とする。   Although the stack output voltage may be an average of all cell voltages, in particular, when the voltage of the far-side cell farthest from the distributor or the cell around the cell is detected, it is easier to detect the surge. In addition, regarding the output fluctuation cycle of the stack, the maximum and minimum ranges can be set arbitrarily, but generally the maximum value is up to 2 [sec] at the maximum, and if it is a fluctuation cycle longer than that, it is not judged as a surge region . The minimum value is 0.05 [msec].

続いて、本実施形態の燃料電池システムにおける制御実施例を説明する(図5参照)。   Subsequently, a control example in the fuel cell system of the present embodiment will be described (see FIG. 5).

まず、電圧変動周期Tが、T1(コンプレッサ回転速度/インペラ翼枚数)の整数倍(整数Nは1以上)かどうかを判断する(ステップSP1)。Nとしては、1以上の整数を任意に設定することが可能である。   First, it is determined whether the voltage fluctuation cycle T is an integral multiple (integer N is 1 or more) of T1 (compressor rotational speed / number of impeller blades) (step SP1). As N, an integer of 1 or more can be set arbitrarily.

電圧変動周期TがT1の整数倍に該当する場合は(ステップSP1にてYES)、引き続き、Tが
Tmin≦T≦Tmax
に該当するかどうか判断する(ステップSP2)。TminとTmaxは、スタックの出力変動周期に関してそれぞれ任意にあらかじめ設定される最小値と最大値であり、例えば、Tmin=0.05[msec]、Tmax=2[sec]として初期設定される。
If the voltage fluctuation period T corresponds to an integral multiple of T1 (YES in step SP1), T continues to satisfy Tmin ≦ T ≦ Tmax.
It is determined whether or not (step SP2). Tmin and Tmax are respectively minimum and maximum values arbitrarily set in advance with respect to the output fluctuation period of the stack, and are initially set as, for example, Tmin = 0.05 [msec] and Tmax = 2 [sec].

上記ステップSP2にてYESの場合、検出部は、電圧センサが検出した燃料電池の電圧変動が周期的であり、エアコンプレッサがサージングしていると検出する。該検出結果を受けた制御装置は命令信号を送信し、サージ回避制御を実行させて(ステップSP3)、一連の制御を終了させる。   If YES in step SP2, the detection unit detects that the voltage fluctuation of the fuel cell detected by the voltage sensor is periodic and the air compressor is surging. The control device receiving the detection result transmits a command signal to execute surge avoidance control (step SP3), and terminates a series of control.

一方、ステップSP1にてNOの場合、ステップSP2にてNOの場合は、いずれもステップSP1に戻る(図5参照)。   On the other hand, in the case of NO in step SP1 and in the case of NO in step SP2, both return to step SP1 (see FIG. 5).

ここまで説明したように、本実施形態の燃料電池システムによれば、サージ領域を回避して運転することが可能となる。また、NV抑制、インペラ10の耐久性向上、極間差圧発生による燃料電池スタック(特に電解質膜)の耐久性が低下するのを回避できる。   As described above, according to the fuel cell system of the present embodiment, it is possible to operate while avoiding the surge region. In addition, it is possible to prevent the reduction of the durability of the fuel cell stack (particularly, the electrolyte membrane) due to the NV suppression, the improvement of the durability of the impeller 10, and the generation of the pressure difference between the electrodes.

また、その他にも以下のような利点がある。   There are other advantages as well.

・従来技術のように事前に取得したマップをもとにサージ判定するよりも、本実施形態のように実運転時の結果を基に制御フィードバックするほうが正しい制御が可能である。 As in the prior art, rather than surge determination based on a map acquired in advance, more accurate control is possible if control feedback is performed based on the result of actual operation as in this embodiment.

・スタック電圧の脈動からサージ判定するため、非常に感度高くサージ検出することが可能である。スタックの反応過電圧はエア側が大半を占めているため、その反応過電圧の挙動からエア側の現象を捉えやすい。 Since the surge is judged from the pulsation of the stack voltage, it is possible to detect the surge with very high sensitivity. Since the reaction side of the stack is dominated by the air side, it is easy to catch the phenomenon on the air side from the behavior of the reaction overvoltage.

・サージを圧力変動で検知する技術もあるが、本実施形態のごとく電圧検知による場合、圧力センサが不要であり、燃料電池システムの中で省略することのできない電圧検知手段(セルモニタ等)のみでサージを検出することが可能である。 -There is also a technology that detects a surge by pressure fluctuation, but when voltage detection is performed as in this embodiment, a pressure sensor is unnecessary, and it is possible to use only voltage detection means (cell monitor etc.) that can not be omitted in the fuel cell system. It is possible to detect a surge.

・スタック流路および配管容積分の空気圧縮には少なからずタイムラグが発生し、コンプレッサ出口の圧力の感度はその他の部品の容積によって感度が低下してしまうのに対し、本実施形態に置けるような電圧変化でのサージ検出は、化学反応での検出と同義であるといえ、タイムラグなくかつ精度よく検出することを可能とする。 -There is not a little time lag in air compression of the stack flow path and the piping volume, and the sensitivity of the pressure at the compressor outlet is lowered depending on the volume of the other parts, but can be placed in this embodiment. Surge detection at a voltage change, which is synonymous with detection at a chemical reaction, enables accurate detection without a time lag.

なお、上述の実施形態は本発明の好適な実施の一例ではあるがこれに限定されるものではなく本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々変形実施可能である。   The above-described embodiment is an example of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本発明は、エアコンプレッサを備えた燃料電池システムに適用して好適である。   The present invention is suitably applied to a fuel cell system provided with an air compressor.

10…インペラ 10 ... impeller

Claims (1)

燃料電池と、該燃料電池の電圧を検出する電圧センサと、前記燃料電池に酸化ガスを供給するエアコンプレッサと、該エアコンプレッサがサージ状態かどうかを検出する検出部と、制御装置と、を備え、
前記検出部は、前記電圧センサが検出した前記燃料電池の電圧変動の周期T、T1(前記エアコンプレッサの回転速度/前記エアコンプレッサのインペラ翼の枚数)の整数倍である場合に、前記エアコンプレッサがサージングしていると検出し、前記制御装置は、該検出信号を受けてサージ回避制御を実行する、燃料電池システム。
A fuel cell, a voltage sensor for detecting a voltage of the fuel cell, an air compressor for supplying an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell, a detection unit for detecting whether the air compressor is in a surge state, and a control device ,
When the cycle T of voltage fluctuation of the fuel cell detected by the voltage sensor is an integral multiple of T1 (the rotational speed of the air compressor / the number of impeller blades of the air compressor), the detection unit is the air A fuel cell system, which detects that a compressor is surging, and the control device executes surge avoidance control in response to the detection signal.
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