JP6512289B2 - セラミック材料および抵抗素子 - Google Patents
セラミック材料および抵抗素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6512289B2 JP6512289B2 JP2017522274A JP2017522274A JP6512289B2 JP 6512289 B2 JP6512289 B2 JP 6512289B2 JP 2017522274 A JP2017522274 A JP 2017522274A JP 2017522274 A JP2017522274 A JP 2017522274A JP 6512289 B2 JP6512289 B2 JP 6512289B2
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Description
(1)R1がNdからなり、R2がSm、EuおよびGdのうちの少なくとも1種からなるとき、xが0.05≦x≦1.0であり、
(2)R1がNdからなり、R2がTb、Dy、Ho、ErおよびYのうちの少なくとも1種からなるとき、xが0.05≦x≦0.8であり、
(3)R1がSm、EuおよびGdのうちの少なくとも1種からなり、R2がTb、Dy、HoおよびYのうちの少なくとも1種からなるとき、xが0≦x≦0.4であり、
(4)R1がSm、EuおよびGdのうちの少なくとも1種からなり、R2がSm、EuおよびGdのうちのR1として選ばれなかった残りの少なくとも1種からなるとき、xが0≦x≦1.0である
ことを特徴とするセラミック材料が提案されている(特許文献1)。
Cax’NaxMny’MyO12
(式中、MはNiおよびCuの少なくとも一方を表し、
x’、x、y’およびyは、x’+x=X、およびy’+y=Yとして、以下の式(a)、(b)および(c)のいずれか:
を満たす)
で表される組成を有する、セラミック材料が提供される。
Ca含有モル部をx’、Na含有モル部をx、Mn含有モル部をy’、およびM含有モル部をyとし、x’+x=X、およびy’+y=Yとして、以下の式(a)、(b)および(c)のいずれか:
を満たす、セラミック材料が提供される。
素子本体が本発明の上記いずれかのセラミック材料から構成される、抵抗素子が提供される。
Cax’NaxMny’MyO12
(式中、MはNiおよびCuの少なくとも一方を表し、
x’、xおよび、y’yは、x’+x=X、およびy’+y=Yとして、以下の式(a)、(b)および(c)のいずれか:
を満たす)
で表される組成を有する。
Ca含有モル部をx’、Na含有モル部をx、Mn含有モル部をy’、およびM含有モル部をyとし、x’+x=X、およびy’+y=Yとして、上記の式(a)、(b)および(c)のいずれかを満たすものであってもよい。
B定数=ln(R1/R2)/(1/T1−1/T2) ・・・(1)
式中、R1およびR2は、それぞれT1およびT2の温度(K)における抵抗値(Ω)を表す。
本実験例は、X=1.0およびY=7.0、よって、X/Y=1.0/7.0である場合、換言すれば、Ca1−xNaxMn7−yMyO12で表される組成(化学量論組成、言わば理想的な組成)を有するセラミック材料に関する。
電気的特性および信頼性を評価するため、セラミック材料の試料を下記の方法で作製した。
原料としてそれぞれ99.9%以上の酸化マンガン(Mn3O4)、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)、酸化銅(CuO)、炭酸ナトリウム(Na2CO3)、酸化ニッケル(NiO)を用いた。これら原料を焼成後に表1〜3の組成になるように秤量し、500mlのポット容器に直径2mmの部分安定化酸化ジルコニウム(PSZ)ボール、純水、分散剤と一緒に入れ、16時間粉砕混合を行った。これにより得られたスラリーを乾燥させ、造粒して、大気中にて900℃で4時間仮焼した。これにより得られた仮焼粉に有機溶剤および分散剤を添加し、PSZボールを用いてスラリーとして16時間の粉砕混合処理に付し、これに可塑剤および有機バインダーを添加して更に6時間混合して、シート成形用スラリーを調製した。これにより調製したスラリーを用いて、ドクターブレード法により成形してグリーンシートとし、短冊状にカットし、これを積層して圧着し、ブロック(グリーンボディ)を作製した。その後、焼成後に約5mm×5mm×0.8mm程度のサイズになるようにブロックをカットし、大気中にて450℃で加熱することにより脱バインダー処理に付し、引き続き大気中にて950〜980℃にて4時間焼成した。これにより得られた焼結体の相対向する主面にAgペーストを塗布し、750℃にて10分間の熱処理により焼き付けて電極を形成した。以上により、電気評価用に1対の電極を備える試料を得た。
上記のようにして作製した試料について、下記の通り電気特性を評価した。
抵抗測定器(ケースレー2430)と温度槽(Despatch製)とを使用して、4端子法で抵抗の温度依存性評価を行った。温度範囲は室温(28℃)〜200℃とした。測定された抵抗値から比抵抗を算出し、また、5℃刻みで測定した抵抗値の温度依存性から、上述の式(1)に基づいてB定数を算出した。この実験例においては、室温(28℃)での比抵抗が50Ω・cm以下であり、かつ急激に抵抗変化が起きる温度領域でのB定数が2000以上の場合に、比抵抗が小さく、かつ抵抗変化の急峻性が高いと判断して、合格判定とした。室温(28℃)での比抵抗と、急激に抵抗変化が起きる温度領域でのB定数を表1〜3に示す。
加えて、室温比抵抗とB定数が上記判断で合格判定となった試料と比較試料(試料番号1)においては、ヒートサイクル試験も行った。
この実験例においては、ヒートサイクル試験では−25℃〜180℃の温度範囲で昇降温を1000回繰り返し、試験前後での抵抗変化率が10%以下の場合を合格判定とした。結果を表1〜3に併せて示す。
本実験例は、XおよびYが、X/Y=1.0/7.0を満たさない場合、換言すれば、セラミック材料の組成比率を、Ca1−xNaxMn7−yMyO12で表される理想的な組成から意図的にずらした場合に関するものであって、理想的な組成と比較して示すものである。
2 素子本体
3 電極
5 はんだ
6、7 リード線
Claims (5)
- 素子本体と、該素子本体の少なくとも一部を挟んで形成される少なくとも2つの電極とを備える、抵抗素子であって、
前記素子本体が請求項1または2に記載のセラミック材料から構成される、抵抗素子。 - 突入電流を抑制するためのサーミスタ素子として用いられる、請求項3に記載の抵抗素子。
- 前記素子本体は板状をなし、前記2つの電極は、互いに対向するように、板状の該素子本体の各主面上に形成される、請求項3または4に記載の抵抗素子。
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