JP6514042B2 - Soil conditioner - Google Patents
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- JP6514042B2 JP6514042B2 JP2015113977A JP2015113977A JP6514042B2 JP 6514042 B2 JP6514042 B2 JP 6514042B2 JP 2015113977 A JP2015113977 A JP 2015113977A JP 2015113977 A JP2015113977 A JP 2015113977A JP 6514042 B2 JP6514042 B2 JP 6514042B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Description
本発明は、塩害土壌やアルカリ土壌などの改良に適した土壌改良剤に関するものである。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil improver suitable for improving salt-affected soil, alkaline soil and the like.
現在、世界各地において、海域における干拓地の土壌や、長期間使用したハウス栽培土壌や、内陸部における河川域の堆積土壌などに、塩害問題やアルカリ化問題が発生している。 At present, salt damage and alkalization problems are occurring in soils of reclaimed land in the sea area, house cultivation soil used for a long time, sediment soil of river areas in the inland area, etc. in various parts of the world.
なかでも、中国国内では塩害土壌はもちろん、アルカリ土壌が深刻化している。アルカリ土壌の原因としては、中国国内の河川に流れる水はｐＨ８以上であることが考えられる。 Above all, not only salt-affected soils but also alkaline soils are getting worse in China. As a cause of alkaline soil, water flowing into rivers in China is considered to have a pH of 8 or more.
このような河川の水は農業用や林業用としても使用されており、農地や植林地において、現に農作物や樹木が定着せず、枯れてしまうという問題が発生している。 Water from such rivers is also used for agriculture and forestry, and there is a problem that agricultural products and trees do not settle and dry up in farmland and plantation areas.
従来、塩害発生土壌の改良方法として、塩分吸収能力及び空中窒素固定能力の高い藻類を用いて、塩害発生土壌を処理することより、塩害発生土壌を改良する方法が考え出されている（特許文献１）。 Conventionally, as a method for improving salt-affected soil, a method of improving salt-affected soil by treating salt-affected soil using algae having high salt absorption capacity and air nitrogen-fixing ability has been conceived (patent document 1).
さらに、塩害発生土壌の改良に適した土壌改良剤として、脱脂米ぬかと微細藻類と石灰を配合してペレットにしたものや、植物繊維を包含する培地を用いて培養した藻類を含有したものや、含窒素化合物含有素材と塩分吸収能を有する藻類とを含有したものが存在する（特許文献２、３、４）。 Furthermore, as soil conditioners suitable for the improvement of salinity-affected soil, those obtained by mixing and pelleting defatted rice bran, microalgae and lime, and algae containing algae cultured using a medium containing plant fibers, There exist what contained the nitrogen-containing compound containing raw material and the algae which has salt absorption ability (patent documents 2, 3, 4).
しかしながら、上記従来の塩害発生土壌の改良方法や、塩害土壌改良剤は、その名の通り、塩害土壌の改良には非常に優れていたが、アルカリ土壌の改良には充分な効果を有さないという課題を有していた。 However, as the name suggests, the above-mentioned conventional methods for improving salt-affected soil and salt-damaged soil improvers are very good for the improvement of salt-affected soil, but do not have sufficient effect for the improvement of alkaline soil Had the task of
さらに、上記従来の塩害発生土壌の改良方法や、塩害土壌改良剤は、植物の根が張りづらく、栄養も吸収されにくい粘土質土壌や、土壌微生物が少なく、植物に必要な栄養素が分解されないような、いわゆる痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有さないという課題を有していた。 Furthermore, the above-mentioned conventional methods for improving salt-affected soils and salt-damaged soil conditioners make it difficult for plant roots to be hardened and nutrients can not be absorbed easily, clay soils that are difficult to absorb nutrients, and soil microbes are not degraded. It had the subject that it did not have a sufficient effect also on the improvement of the so-called poor soil.
そこで、本発明は、上記従来の塩害土壌改良剤の課題を解決するものであり、塩害土壌の改良はもちろん、アルカリ土壌、粘土質土壌、及び痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有する土壌改良剤を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。 Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the above-mentioned conventional salt-damaged soil conditioners, and has a sufficient effect not only on the improvement of salt-damaged soils but also on the improvement of alkaline soils, clayey soils and thinning soils. It was made for the purpose of providing a modifier.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、及びピートモスをそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 The soil conditioner according to the present invention contains, as active ingredients, algae, rice bran and peat moss each having a salt absorbing ability.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、ピートモス、及びγ−ポリグルタミン酸をそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 Furthermore, the soil improver according to the present invention contains, as active ingredients, algae having salt absorption ability, rice bran, peat moss and γ-polyglutamic acid.
そして、本発明の土壌改良剤において、塩分吸収能を有する藻類の含有量は、０. １〜８０重量％とし、米糠の含有量は、５〜９０重量％とし、ピートモスの含有量は、５〜９０重量％とし、γ−ポリグルタミン酸の含有量は、０. １〜５０重量％としている。 And, in the soil improver of the present invention, the content of algae having the ability to absorb salt is 0.1 to 80% by weight, the content of rice bran is 5 to 90% by weight, and the content of peat moss is 5 The content of γ-polyglutamic acid is 0.1 to 50% by weight.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、以上に述べたような含有成分としており、藻類は、塩害土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、米糠及びピートモスは、粘土質土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、さらに藻類、米糠及びピートモスは、痩せた土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、また米糠、ピートモス及びγ−ポリグルタミン酸は、アルカリ土壌の改良に有効なものとなるので、塩害土壌の改良はもちろん、アルカリ土壌、粘土質土壌、及び痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有するものとなった。 The soil conditioner of the present invention contains the components as described above, algae is effective in improving salt-affected soil, rice bran and peat moss are effective in improving clay soil, and algae are further effective. Since rice bran and peat moss are effective for improving lean soil, and rice bran, peat moss and γ-polyglutamic acid are effective for improving alkaline soil, it is possible to improve not only salty soil but also alkaline soil, It also has a sufficient effect on the improvement of clayey soil and thin soil.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記含有成分のγ−ポリグルタミン酸が、植物の根からの重金属などの吸収を抑えることができるので、重金属で汚染された土壌の改良にも効果を有するものとなった。 Furthermore, the soil conditioner of the present invention is also effective in the improvement of the soil contaminated with heavy metals since γ-polyglutamic acid of the above-mentioned component can suppress absorption of heavy metals and the like from plant roots. It became.
以下、本発明の土壌改良剤を実施するための形態について、詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the form for implementing the soil conditioner of this invention is demonstrated in detail.
本発明の土壌改良剤は、上記したように塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、及びピートモスをそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 The soil improver according to the present invention contains, as active ingredients, algae, rice bran and peat moss each having salt absorption capacity as described above.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、上記したように塩分吸収能を有する藻類、米糠、ピートモス、及びγ−ポリグルタミン酸をそれぞれ有効成分として含有するものとしている。 Furthermore, as described above, the soil improver of the present invention contains, as active ingredients, algae, rice bran, peat moss, and γ-polyglutamic acid each having a salt-absorbing ability.
本発明において、塩分吸収能を有する藻類は、塩害土壌の改良や痩せた土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、さらに土壌微生物数を増加させ、土壌の硬度も低下させるのに有効なものとなる。 In the present invention, the algae having the ability to absorb salt is effective for the improvement of salt-affected soil and for the improvement of thin soil, and is further effective for increasing the number of soil microorganisms and reducing the hardness of the soil.
また、前記藻類のうちフォルミジウムは、土壌表面にネット上に広がり土壌の水分蒸発を防ぐ役割と寒冷地などの地温の低下を防止する役割もあり、過剰肥料地のミネラルバランスの調整を行うこともできる。 Among the algae, formidium spreads on the soil surface on the net to prevent water evaporation of the soil and also plays a role to prevent the fall of the ground temperature such as cold regions, and it is possible to adjust the mineral balance of the excess fertilizer area. it can.
前記藻類の含有量としては、０. １〜８０重量％と土壌の塩害の程度や、土壌の肥沃の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは０. ２〜４０重量％であり、より好ましくは１〜５重量％である。 The content of the algae may be in a wide range depending on the degree of salt damage in the soil, 0.1 to 80% by weight, the degree of fertility in the soil, etc. However, considering the versatility and the like Preferably it is 0.2 to 40 weight%, More preferably, it is 1 to 5 weight%.
前記藻類としては、例えば、藍藻類では、アナベナ・トルロサ(Anabaena torulosa) 、アファノセケ・ハロフィチカ(Aphanothece halophytica) 、オッシラトリア・リムネチカ(Oscillatoria limnetica)、スピルリナ・スブサルサ(Spirulina subsalsa)、ミクロコレス・クソノプラステス(Microcoleus chthonoplastes)、ベスチェロプシス・プロリフィカ(Westiellopsis prolifica) 、トリポスリックス・セイロニカ(Tolypothrix ceylonica) 、フォルミジウム・ルリドム(Phormidium luridum)、ノストック・コムネ(Nostoc commune)、アナベナ・スファエリカ(Anabaena sphaerica)、カロスリックス・クルスタセア(Calothrix crustacea) 、スピルリナ・マジョール(Spirulina major) 、オッシラトリア・リモサ(Oscillatoria limosa) 、リングビア・コンフェルボイデス(Lyngbya confervoides)、シンプロカ・ラエテ−ビリディス(Symploca laete-viridis)、ヒドロコレウム・メネグヒニアヌム(Hydrocoleum meneghinianum) 、プレクトネマ・ハンスギルギ(Plectonema hansgirgi)、トリポスリックス・フラギリス(Tolypothrix fragilis)、スキトネマ・ジャバリキュム(Scytonema javanicum) 、ディコスリックス・バウエリアナ(Dichothrixbaueriana) 、リブラリア・ブラタ(Rivularia bullata) 、ハパロシホン・フォンチナリス(Hapaloshiphon fontinalis)、ベスチェロプシス・プロリフィカ(Westiellopsis prolifica) などが挙げられる。そして、緑藻類では、スコチェロプシス・テレストリス(Scotiellopsis terrestris)、クロロコッカム・エキノチゴツム(Chlorococcum echinozygotum)、ミルメキア・ビアトレラエ(Myrmecia biatorellae)、ディクチオクロロプシス・レチキュラテ(Dictyochloropsis reticulate) 、クロレラ・ブルガリス(Chlorella vulgaris)、アパトコッカス・ロバツス(Apatococcus lobatus) 、ディラビフィルム・アルソピレニアエ(Dilabifilum arthopyreniae) などが挙げられる。なお、本発明において、塩分吸収能を有する藻類は、これら藻類の一種、又は、二種以上組み合わせて用いても良い。 Examples of the algae include, for cyanobacteria, Anabaena torulosa (Anabaena torulosa), Aphanoseque halophytica (Aphanothece halophytica), Oscilatoria limnetica (Oscillatoria limnetica), Spirulina subussa (Spirulina subsalsa), chthonoplastes), Bethchelopsis prolifica (Westiellopsis prolifica), Tolypothrix cielonica (Tolypothrix ceylonica), Formidum luridum (Phormidium luridum), Nostoc commune (Nostoc commune), Anabaena sphaerica (Anna carica)・ Crustacea (Calothrix crustacea), Spirulina major, Oscillatoria limosa, Oscillatoria limosa, Lyngbya conferodes, Simploca laete-viridis Drocoreum meneghinianum (Hydrocoleum meneghinianum), Prectonema hansgirigi (Plectonema hansgirgi), Tolypothrix fragilis (Tolypothrix fragilis), Squitonema javanicum, Dicocatharium, And Hapaloshihon fontinalis (Hapaloshiphon fontinalis) and Vesschelopsis prolifica (Westiellopsis prolifica). And, in green algae, Scothelopsis terrestris, S. chlorella, C. chlorococcum echinozygotum, C. mirmecia biatorellae, Myc. , Apatococcus lobatus, Dilabifirum arthopyreniae, and the like. In the present invention, the algae having the ability to absorb salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
本発明において、米糠は、粘土質土壌の改良や痩せた土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、ピ−トモスは、粘土質土壌の改良、痩せた土壌の改良、及びアルカリ土壌の改良に有効なものとなる。 In the present invention, the rice bran is effective for the improvement of clay soil and the improvement of the thin soil, and the pitmos is effective for the improvement of the clay soil, the improvement of the thin soil and the improvement of the alkaline soil. It becomes.
米糠やピートモスは、土壌中の孔隙をつくり、藻類と共に土壌微生物の栄養源となり、さらにミネラルの緩衝作用もあり、微生物による分解にも役立ち、金属イオンによる植物の生育阻害を防ぐことも可能となる。土壌微生物の一つである硝化菌は、有機物の分解によって発生するアンモニアを硝酸イオンに化学合成する過程で水素イオン（Ｈ＋ ）を排出し、土壌のｐＨに影響を与える（酸性領域にする）ことが可能となる。アルカリ土壌ということは土壌中の水酸化物イオン（ＯＨ− ）が多い状態である。硝化菌によって排出された水素イオンと土壌中の水酸化物イオンが結合し水が合成されると、土壌中の水酸化物イオンが減少し、土壌のｐＨが下がる。 Rice bran and peat moss form pores in the soil and become a nutrient source of soil microorganisms along with algae, and also have a buffer action of minerals, are also useful for decomposition by microorganisms, and can also prevent plant growth inhibition by metal ions . The nitrifying bacteria, one of the soil microorganisms, discharges hydrogen ions (H + ) in the process of chemically synthesizing ammonia generated by decomposition of organic matter to nitrate ions, which affects the pH of the soil (makes it acidic) It becomes possible. The alkaline soil is a state in which the amount of hydroxide ions (OH − ) in the soil is large. When hydrogen ions discharged by nitrifying bacteria combine with hydroxide ions in the soil to synthesize water, the hydroxide ions in the soil decrease and the pH of the soil decreases.
米糠の含有量としては、５〜９０重量％と土壌の粘土質の程度や、土壌の肥沃の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは４０〜８０重量％であり、より好ましくは５５〜６５重量％である。ピートモスの含有量としては、５〜９０重量％と土壌の粘土質の程度や、土壌の肥沃の程度、土壌のアルカリ度の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは１０〜５０重量％であり、より好ましくは２５〜３５重量％である。 The content of rice bran can be in a wide range depending on the degree of clayiness of the soil and the degree of fertility of the soil, etc., from 5 to 90% by weight, but it is preferable in view of versatility etc. Is 40 to 80% by weight, more preferably 55 to 65% by weight. The content of peat moss can be in a wide range depending on the degree of clayiness of the soil, the degree of fertility of the soil, the degree of alkalinity of the soil, etc. In consideration of etc., it is preferably 10 to 50% by weight, more preferably 25 to 35% by weight.
なお、米糠としては、普通の米糠のほか、脱脂米糠を用いることができる。米糠は、玄米を精白するときに生ずる果皮、種皮、外胚乳などの混合物であるが、米糠を圧搾または抽出して油脂を取り出した脱脂米糠を用いてもよい。 In addition to normal rice bran, defatted rice bran can be used as rice bran. Rice bran is a mixture of peel, seed coat, endosperm and the like produced when the brown rice is refined, but defatted rice bran from which fat and oil are removed by pressing or extracting the rice bran may be used.
本発明において、γ−ポリグルタミン酸は、粘土質土壌の改良に有効なものとなり、さらに重金属で汚染された土壌の改良にも効果を有するものとなった。 In the present invention, γ-polyglutamic acid is effective for the improvement of clay soils, and is also effective for the improvement of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
γ−ポリグルタミン酸は、高吸水作用や保水作用を有しており、重金属などをコロイド化し、植物の根からの吸収を抑えることができるという作用を有する。 The γ-polyglutamic acid has a high water absorption action and a water retention action, and has an action such that heavy metals and the like can be formed into colloids and absorption from plant roots can be suppressed.
γ−ポリグルタミン酸の含有量としては、０. １〜５０重量％と土壌の粘土質の程度や、土壌の汚染の程度などに応じて広い範囲とすることができるが、汎用性の面などを考慮すれば、好ましくは２０〜３０重量％であり、より好ましくは５〜１５重量％である。 The content of γ-polyglutamic acid may be in a wide range depending on the degree of clay content of 0.1 to 50% by weight and soil, the degree of contamination of soil, etc. Preferably, it is 20 to 30% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight.
次に、本発明の土壌改良剤を実施例によって詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により限定されるものではない。 Next, the soil conditioner of the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples.
〔実施例１〕
実施例１で使用した本発明の土壌改良剤の成分の構成比は、次の通りである。
Example 1
The composition ratio of the components of the soil conditioner of the present invention used in Example 1 is as follows.
・フォルミジウム・ルリドム １重量％
・クロレラ・ブルガリス １重量％
・米糠 ５９. ４重量％
・ピートモス ２９. ７重量％
・γ−ポリグルタミン酸 ８. ９重量％
・ Formidium ・ ruridomi 1% by weight
・ Chlorella vulgaris 1% by weight
・ Rice bran 59. 4% by weight
Peat moss 29. 7% by weight
· Γ-
上記構成の土壌改良剤を用いて、上海市崇明島（中国）の公園内の植林地における土壌を改良した。 The soil improver in the above configuration was used to improve the soil at the plantation site in the park of Chongqing Island, China (China).
植林する際、直径約５０ｃｍ、深さ約５０ｃｍの略円柱形状、若しくは一辺約５０ｃｍの略立方体形状とした樹木を植える穴を掘り、かき出した一穴分の土壌に、上記構成成分の土壌改良剤５００ｇを加え、十分に混合し、その土壌に水をかけよく馴染ませた。そして、その土壌にビニール袋やシートを被せ、雨の影響を受けにくい状態にした。 When planting trees, dig a hole for planting a tree with a diameter of approximately 50 cm and a depth of approximately 50 cm, or a substantially cubic shape with a side of approximately 50 cm, and extract the soil improver of the above component into the soil of one hole 500 g was added and mixed well, the soil was poured on water and allowed to blend well. Then, the soil was covered with plastic bags and sheets to make it less susceptible to rain.
１月後半に試験を開始したことから、気温、地温ともに低かったため、土壌微生物の活性が低いことが予想されたため２ヶ月間その状態にした（温度が高い春から秋にかけては1 ヶ月で十分である）。そして、１ヶ月に１度若しくは２度、土の切り替えしを行った。 Since the experiment was started in the latter half of January, both temperature and soil temperature were low, so the activity of soil microbes was expected to be low, so it was in that state for 2 months (1 month is sufficient from spring to autumn when the temperature is high) is there). Then, the soil was switched once or twice a month.
３月後半に、改良区の土壌サンプルを採取し、土壌のｐＨ及び電気伝導度（ＥＣ）を測定した。その結果を表１に示す。 In the latter half of March, soil samples of the improved area were collected, and the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
表１によると、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ｐＨが８．５であり、平均ＥＣ（電気伝導度）が１２１．７μＳ／ｃｍであり、平均細菌数（一般生菌数）が４. ９×１０６個／ｇであり、放線菌数が３. ０×１０６個／ｇであり、糸状菌数が２. ８×１０６個／ｇであったが、改良区における処理後の土壌は、平均ｐＨが７．１となり、平均ＥＣ（電気伝導度）が１７６．３μＳ／ｃｍとなり、平均細菌数（一般生菌数）が４５. ７×１０６個／ｇとなり、放線菌数が５０. ０×１０６個／ｇとなり、糸状菌数が６８. ２×１０６個／ｇとなった。 According to Table 1, the soil before treatment in the improved area has an average pH of 8.5, an average EC (electrical conductivity) of 121.7 μS / cm , and an average number of bacteria (general viable count) 4. 9 x 10 6 cells / g, the number of actinomycetes was 3.0 x 10 6 cells / g, and the number of filamentous fungi was 2. 8 x 10 6 cells / g. The average pH is 7.1, the average EC (electrical conductivity) is 176.3 μS / cm , the average number of bacteria (general viable count) is 45.7 × 10 6 cells / g, and the number of actinomycetes is It was 50. 0x106 cells / g, and the number of filamentous fungi was 68.2x106 cells / g.
通常、樹木は、土壌のｐＨが８を超えると、根への悪影響を受け生育できない。根が定着しないと言われている。しかし、改良区では、明らかにｐＨの減少が認められ、樹木の生育可能なｐＨとなった。 In general, trees can not grow due to adverse effects on roots when the pH of the soil exceeds 8. It is said that roots do not take root. However, in the improved area, a clear decrease in pH was observed, and the viable pH of the tree was reached.
また、電気伝導度（ＥＣ）も増加しており、根から吸収されるミネラル分が増加されたことが判明した。しかも、土壌微生物（細菌、放線菌、糸状菌）が、１オーダー増加した。 In addition, the electrical conductivity (EC) was also increased, and it was found that the mineral content absorbed from the roots was increased. Moreover, soil microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi) increased by one order.
さらに、４月初めに、上記コントロール区及び改良区の土壌サンプルを採取し、土壌の団粒構造の形成状況を測定した。その結果を表２に示す。 Furthermore, in the beginning of April, soil samples of the control area and the improvement area were collected, and the formation of the aggregate structure of the soil was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
団粒構造とは、土壌中の粒子が小さな塊を形成している構造をいい、団粒構造が形成されると、保水性、排水性、通気性に富み、植物の生育に適した土壌となる。団粒構造の有無は、土壌の三相（固相、液相、気相）の割合と仮比重（全体容積に占める固相の割合）で測定することができる。 Aggregate structure refers to a structure in which particles in the soil form small clumps, and when the aggregate structure is formed, the soil has high water retention, drainage, air permeability, and soil suitable for plant growth. Become. The presence or absence of the aggregate structure can be measured by the ratio of the three phases (solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase) and the temporary specific gravity (the ratio of the solid phase to the total volume) of the soil.
適度に湿った畑の土は、固相：液相：気相の割合が4 ：3 ：3 で、仮比重が０. ９６〜１. ０６ｋｇ／Ｌであるのが理想的である。 The soil of the moderately damp field is ideally a solid phase: liquid phase: gas phase ratio of 4: 3: 3 and a temporary specific gravity of 0.96 to 1.66 kg / L.
サンプル採取時は雨天後であったため、やや気相が少なく、液相が多くなっている。コントロールは、粘土質の単粒構造がメインで気相がとても少ない。このような土壌は、排水性が悪く、根腐れを起こす可能性がある。根が伸長する場所が限られており、植物の健全な生育にあまり適していない。 Because the sample was collected after the rain, the gas phase was slightly less and the liquid phase was more. The control is mainly clay single particle structure and very little gas phase. Such soils have poor drainage and can cause root rot. There are only limited places where roots can grow, and they are not suitable for the healthy growth of plants.
これに対し、改良区の土壌は、固相が６８％から４５％まで下がっており、液相、気相も理想値に近い。しかも、改良区の土壌の仮比重は、理想値内に収まっている。このような土壌は、微生物活性、有機物バランスが良好であり、植物の根が伸長しやすく、ミミズなど土壌中生物の活動場所も確保されており、植物の健全な生育に適するものとなった。 On the other hand, in the soil of the improved zone, the solid phase is lowered from 68% to 45%, and the liquid phase and the gas phase are close to the ideal values. Moreover, the temporary specific gravity of the soil in the improved zone is within the ideal value. Such soils have good microbial activity and organic substance balance, are easy to grow plant roots, and secure the place where organisms in the soil such as earthworms are active, making them suitable for healthy growth of plants.
〔実施例２〕
実施例２で使用した本発明の土壌改良剤の成分の構成比は、実施例１で使用したものと同様、次の通りである。
Example 2
The composition ratio of the components of the soil conditioner of the present invention used in Example 2 is the same as that used in Example 1, and is as follows.
・フォルミジウム・ルリドム １重量％
・クロレラ・ブルガリス １重量％
・米糠 ５９. ４重量％
・ピートモス ２９. ７重量％
・γ−ポリグルタミン酸 ８. ９重量％
・ Formidium ・ ruridomi 1% by weight
・ Chlorella vulgaris 1% by weight
・ Rice bran 59. 4% by weight
Peat moss 29. 7% by weight
· Γ-
上記構成の土壌改良剤を用いて、石垣島（緯度２４. ３５度、東経１２４. ２３度、平均気温２４. ３℃、年間降雨量２１０６ｍｍ）の土壌（アルカリ性の粘土質土壌）を改良した。 Soils (alkaline clay soils) on Ishigaki Island (latitude 24.35 ° C, east longitude 124.23 ° C, average temperature 24.3 ° C, annual rainfall 2106 mm) were improved using the soil improver configured as described above.
２月１３日、二個所の改良区（面積：１，０００ｍ２ ）に、土壌改良剤３０ｋｇを満遍なく散布した。なお、土壌が乾いたら灌水した。 On February 13, 30 kg of the soil conditioner was evenly spread in two improved areas (area: 1,000 m 2 ). In addition, it was watered when the soil was dry.
２月１３日から１週間毎、５週間にかけて、各改良区の３地点において、土壌のｐＨとＥＣを測定した。測定結果をそれぞれ表３、４に示すと共に、併せて測定結果の平均値による土壌のｐＨ変化及びＥＣ変化を図１、２に示す。 The soil pH and EC were measured at three points of each improvement zone from February 13 every week, every 5 weeks. The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively, and pH change and EC change of the soil according to the average value of the measurement results are shown in FIGS.
表３、４及び図１、２によると、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ｐＨが８．９０であったが、各改良区において２週間を経過するころから下がり始め、５週間で平均ｐＨが７. ７６まで下がった。さらに、改良区における処理前の土壌は、平均ＥＣが０．２４ｍＳ／ｃｍであったが、各改良区において１週間を経過するころから上がり始め、５週間で平均ＥＣが０．３６ｍＳ／ｃｍまで上がった。 According to Tables 3 and 4 and Figures 1 and 2, the soil before the treatment in the remediation area had an average pH of 8.90, but it began to fall after 2 weeks in each remediation area, and the average over 5 weeks The pH dropped to 7.76. Furthermore, the soil before treatment in the improved zone had an average EC of 0.24 mS / cm, but it began to rise after 1 week in each improved zone, and the average EC was 0.36 mS / cm in 5 weeks. It went up.
なお、試験開始から２週間後ほどから、土壌表面に白カビが観察された。土壌のｐＨとＥＣの変化は、土壌微生物の活性化により有機物が分解されてイオンとなって溶け出しているからだと考えられる。 About two weeks after the start of the test, mildew was observed on the soil surface. Changes in soil pH and EC are thought to be due to the decomposition of organic matter by activation of soil microorganisms and dissolution as ions.
したがって、本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記含有成分とすることにより、塩害土壌の改良はもちろん、アルカリ土壌、粘土質土壌、及び痩せた土壌の改良にも充分な効果を有するものとなる。 Therefore, the soil improver of the present invention, by using the above-mentioned components, has a sufficient effect not only on the improvement of salt-affected soil but also on the improvement of alkaline soil, clay soil, and thin soil.
さらに、本発明の土壌改良剤は、前記含有成分に加えてγ−ポリグルタミン酸を含有させることにより、植物の根からの重金属などの吸収を抑えることができ、重金属で汚染された土壌の改良にも効果を有するものとなる。
Furthermore, the soil conditioner of the present invention can suppress absorption of heavy metals and the like from plant roots by containing γ-polyglutamic acid in addition to the above-mentioned components, thereby improving the soil contaminated with heavy metals. Will also be effective.
Claims (4)
The content of algae having salt absorption capacity is 0.1 to 80% by weight, the content of rice bran is 5 to 90% by weight, the content of peat moss is 5 to 90% by weight, the content of γ-polyglutamic acid The soil conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that it is 0.1 to 50% by weight.
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| CN110663502B (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-06-08 | 山西省农业科学院高寒区作物研究所 | Drought-resistant matrix for cultivating alfalfa |
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