JP6517249B2 - Ceramic plate and its manufacturing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ceramic plate that can be used as a roofing material, a wall material, and the like, and an apparatus for manufacturing the same.

  Patent Document 1 below discloses a ceramic plate formed by extrusion that can be used as a roofing material, a wall material, and the like. In this ceramic plate, a plurality of hollow holes are formed along the extrusion direction of extrusion of clay. When a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent in the extrusion direction and partially overlapped, the ceramic plates are provided at the front and rear ends in the extrusion direction so that the height positions of the plate surfaces of the adjacent ceramic plates do not become uneven. A step absorbing portion is formed. The step absorbing portion is shaped to receive the ceramic plate on the lower surface side in the overlapping portion on the lower surface of the ceramic plate on the upper surface side in the overlapping portion, and the hollow hole is closed in the step absorbing portion.

JP, 2015-200122, A

  However, when using a ceramic plate of Patent Document 1, when a plurality of ceramic plates are arranged side by side and used as a roofing material and an outer wall material, if rainwater gets between the plates on the upper surface side and the lower surface side overlapped in the step absorbing portion. Rainwater moves between the plates, and rainwater infiltrates into the building from the end of the step absorption portion, which may cause rain leakage. In order to avoid the problem, it was necessary to apply a waterproofing treatment separately.

  In view of such problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a ceramic plate in which adjacent ceramic plates can be partially overlapped and arranged so that a plurality of ceramic plates can be arranged. By providing the bank which prevents the water which entered into the crevice from infiltrating into the building side, it is suppressing that rainwater infiltrates into the building side from the crevice between ceramic plates. Another object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing such a ceramic plate.

  A first invention is a ceramic plate provided with a plurality of hollow holes along an X direction which is one direction, wherein a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the X direction and before and after the X direction. In the state in which the end portions are partially overlapped, the upper surface side portion located on the upper surface side at the overlapping portion of the front and rear end portions has a thinner plate thickness due to a smaller amount of clay on the lower surface side, The lower surface side portion located on the lower surface side at the overlapping portion of the front and rear end portions has a thin plate thickness due to a small amount of clay on the upper surface side, and the lower surface side of the upper surface side portion and the lower surface side portion A passage communicating with the upper surface side in the Y direction which is a direction intersecting the X direction is formed. Then, both ends of the hollow hole are closed at the overlapping portion of the front and rear end portions. Moreover, the upper surface side of the said lower surface side site | part is protruded toward the lower surface of the said upper surface side site | part, and is provided with the protrusion extended in the said Y direction. Furthermore, in the state where a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the Y direction and the left and right side end portions which are the left and right sides in the X direction are partially overlapped, the overlapping portion of the left and right side end portions In the first corner of the ceramic plate which is the covered portion to be covered and which is the rear end in the X direction, the passage is closed on the side of the cover portion located on the upper surface side at the overlapping portion of the left and right ends Have a bank part that protrudes into the

  In the first invention, various types of clay such as roof tile clay and porcelain clay can be used as the clay for producing the ceramic plate. The closure of the hollow in the overlapping portion of the front and rear ends may be performed by the clay forming the ceramic plate, or may be performed by a sealing material other than the clay. The lower surface side of the upper surface side portion may be provided with a second protrusion which protrudes toward the lower surface side portion and extends in the Y direction. In that case, it is preferable that the ridges on the lower surface side portion be disposed on the rear end side in the X direction from the second ridges. The front and rear ends of the ceramic plate can be interchanged with each other. In addition, the left and right ends of the ceramic plate can be interchanged with each other.

  According to the first invention, when a plurality of ceramic plates are arranged in the X direction of the ceramic plate and they are partially overlapped, both the upper surface side portion and the lower surface side portion of the overlapping portion have a reduced plate thickness, A passage communicating in the Y direction is formed between them. Therefore, when using a ceramic board as a roof material or an outer wall material, when rainwater infiltrates into a channel | path from the surface side of a ceramic board, it will be drained through a channel | path. At that time, since the ridges are provided on the lower surface side portion, it is possible to suppress that the rainwater which has entered the passage penetrates into the gap with the adjacent ceramic plate. Moreover, since the bank part which closes a passage is provided in the 1st corner part which is an end of a lower surface side site, a ceramic board is installed so that the side provided with the bank part is located above to the horizontal surface By doing this, it is possible to suppress that the rainwater which has entered the passage flows to the upper side of the ceramic plate. If there is no bank, the rainwater that has entered the passage may flow to the upper side of the ceramic plate due to the wind pressure, but this bank can stop this flow.

  In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the amount of protrusion of the bank portion is made equal to the amount of protrusion of the protrusion.

  According to the second aspect of the invention, since the protrusion amount of the bank portion is equal to that of the ridge, the upper surface side portion can be overlapped on the upper surface side of the lower surface side portion without being influenced by the bank portion. Therefore, the upper surface side portion can cover the lower surface side portion at the overlapping portion, and the intrusion of rainwater can be suppressed.

  In a third aspect based on the first aspect, the amount of protrusion of the bank portion is made larger than the amount of protrusion of the protrusion. Then, in a state in which a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the X direction and the front and rear end portions are partially overlapped, the second corner portion of the ceramic plate is a portion overlapping the first corner portion. The 1st notch which formed the notch which receives an embankment part is formed.

  According to the third aspect of the invention, since the amount of protrusion of the bank portion is large, the function of the bank portion to suppress the flow of rainwater entering the passage to the upper side of the ceramic plate is further enhanced. And since the 1st notch is provided in the 2nd corner which is a part which overlaps with a dike part by the upper surface side part, a dike part is received in the 1st notch and a plurality is not influenced by the dike. Ceramic plates can be arranged in the X direction.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any of the first to third aspects, the plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the Y direction, and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped. Is provided with a convex portion projecting to the upper surface side, and is fitted to the cover portion at the lower surface side with the convex portion so as to be mechanically coupled and adjacent in the Y direction along a plate surface It has a recess that prevents the ceramic plates from being pulled apart. Then, at the lower surface side portion, a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent in the Y direction at the third corner facing the first corner in the Y direction, and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped. In the closed state, a second notch is formed which has a notch for receiving the protrusion.

  In the fourth invention, it is preferable that the size in the X direction of the notch in the second notch portion be equal to the dimension in the X direction of the lower surface side portion. Similarly, the size of the notch in the second notch in the Y direction is such that a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent in the Y direction and the left and right end portions are partially overlapped, and the cover region is a covered region It is preferable that the dimensions do not interfere with the convex portion of the cover, and the dimensions of the cover portion overlap with the upper surface of the covered portion.

  According to the fourth invention, when a plurality of ceramic plates are arranged in the Y direction of the ceramic plate and they are partially overlapped, the convex portion of the covered portion in the overlapping portion is fitted in the concave portion of the cover portion. Thus, the ceramic plates arranged can be connected to each other. Therefore, the ceramic plates arranged can be prevented from separating in the Y direction. Moreover, at this time, since the second notch portion is provided at the third corner portion, it is possible to prevent the lower surface side portion serving as the cover portion from interfering with the convex portion of the upper surface of the covered portion.

  A fifth invention is a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the ceramic plate according to the second invention, which is an upper mold and a lower mold having surfaces in contact with the front and back of a clay molding plate to be a ceramic plate, and the lower mold Upper mold movement to hold the upper mold in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate with the clay molding plate placed on top of the clay molding plate with one of the front and back surfaces down. Means, a first pressing die for pressing the rear end of the clay molding plate sandwiched between the upper and lower molds in the X direction from the other surface side of the clay molding plate, and the upper die moving means With the upper die in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate, a part of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is crushed in the first pressing die, the rear end portion side of the hollow hole is closed, and the lower surface A first pressing means for pressing and stopping to the position where the side portion is formed, and a clay molded plate sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold A second pressing die for pressing the front end portion in the X direction from the one surface side of the clay molding plate, and a state in which the upper die is in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate by the upper die moving means; A second pressing means is provided to press and stop the pressing die until the position where the front end side of the hollow hole is closed by partially crushing the hollow hole of the clay molding plate and the upper surface side portion is formed. And a said 1st press die is equipped with the groove | channel which forms the said protrusion and the said bank part in the lower surface.

  In the fifth invention, the first pressing die and the first pressing means and the second pressing die and the second pressing means can be provided on the upper die and the lower die, respectively. In addition, the first pressing die and the first pressing means and the second pressing die and the second pressing means can be provided independently of the upper die and the lower die, respectively. As the first pressing means and the second pressing means, various actuators such as an electric type and a hydraulic type can be adopted. The first cutter may be provided integrally with the upper mold, or may be provided separately from the upper mold.

  According to the fifth invention, when forming the lower surface side portion and the upper surface side portion with respect to the extrusion molded clay molded plate to be a ceramic plate, one surface side of the clay molded plate at each front and rear end of the clay molded plate And pressing from the other surface side by the first pressing die and the second pressing die, respectively. At that time, the end of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is closed by the pressing of the first pressing die and the second pressing die. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a step of closing the end of the hollow hole, and productivity can be enhanced. Moreover, when pressing a clay molding board by a 1st press mold and a 2nd press mold, the surface and back surface of a clay molding board are contact | abutted to an upper mold | type and a lower mold | type. Therefore, when forming a lower surface side site | part and an upper surface side site | part by a 1st press die and a 2nd press die, it can suppress that a deformation | transformation and distortion arise in a clay molding board. In addition, after the front and back surfaces of the clay molding plate are brought into contact with the upper and lower dies, the clay molding plate is pressed by the first and second pressing dies in order to press the clay molding plate by the first and second pressing dies. When pressing, excess air enters the hollow hole, and air having a volume equal to or more than the original volume enters the hollow hole, thereby suppressing expansion of the hollow hole volume after molding. Therefore, it can suppress that a deformation | transformation and distortion arise in the hollow hole part of a clay molding board.

  A sixth invention is a manufacturing apparatus for manufacturing the ceramic plate according to the third invention, which is an upper mold and a lower mold having surfaces in contact with the front surface and the rear surface of a clay molding plate to be a ceramic plate, and the lower mold Upper mold movement to hold the upper mold in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate with the clay molding plate placed on top of the clay molding plate with one of the front and back surfaces down. Means, a first pressing die for pressing the rear end of the clay molding plate sandwiched between the upper and lower molds in the X direction from the other surface side of the clay molding plate, and the upper die moving means With the upper die in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate, a part of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is crushed in the first pressing die, the rear end portion side of the hollow hole is closed, and the lower surface A first pressing means for pressing and stopping to the position where the side portion is formed, and a clay molded plate sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold A second pressing die for pressing the front end portion in the X direction from the one surface side of the clay molding plate, and a state in which the upper die is in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate by the upper die moving means; A second pressing means for pressing and stopping the pressing die to a position where the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is partially crushed and the front end side of the hollow hole is closed and the upper surface side portion is formed; And a first cutter that cuts off the second corner portion to form the first notch portion. And a said 1st press die leaves the site | part of the area corresponding to a said 2nd corner | angular part as a non-pressing site | part on the said other surface of the said 1st corner | angular part of a clay molding board.

  According to the sixth aspect, the same function as that of the fifth aspect can be achieved. Moreover, the bank part of a clay molding board is formed only by providing the non-pressing site | part which is not pressed by a 1st press die. Therefore, productivity can be improved.

  In a seventh invention according to the fifth or sixth invention, the ceramic plate is the covered portion in a state where the plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the Y direction and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped. The cover portion is provided with a convex portion projecting to the upper surface side, and the cover portion is mechanically coupled to the convex portion on the lower surface side thereof and is mechanically coupled along the plate surface in the Y direction A recess is provided to prevent adjacent ceramic plates from being pulled apart. Further, at the lower surface side portion, a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent in the Y direction to the third corner facing the first corner in the Y direction, and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped. In the closed state, a second notch is formed which has a notch for receiving the protrusion. And the said 3rd corner | angular part of a clay molding board is cut off, and the 2nd cutter which forms a said 2nd notch part is provided.

  In the seventh invention, the second cutter may be provided integrally with the upper mold, or may be provided separately from the upper mold.

  According to the seventh invention, the third corner of the clay molding plate can be cut off by the second cutter to form a ceramic plate provided with the second notch.

  In an eighth aspect according to any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, in the upper mold or the lower mold, the clay molding plate is sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold in the clay molding plate. It comprises a sack, which is a plate that surrounds the upper mold and the area not in contact with the lower mold from the periphery thereof.

  In the eighth invention, the sac may be provided in either the upper mold or the lower mold. Also, the sack may be divided at each position in the periphery of the clay molding plate, and divided appropriately into the upper mold and the lower mold.

  According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, since the portion not in contact with the upper mold and the lower mold of the clay molding plate is surrounded by the sac, the clay molding plate is deformed when pressing the clay molding plate by the first pressing die and the second pressing die. Distortion can be suppressed.

It is the perspective view from the surface side which shows 1st Embodiment of the ceramic board of this invention. It is a perspective view from the back surface side of the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is a surface side front view of the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is a back surface side front view of the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is an expanded side view of the rear end part of the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is an expanded side view of the front end part of the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is an enlarged side view of the left end of the ceramic plate of the first embodiment. It is an enlarged side view of the right end part of the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is a front view showing the state where a plurality of ceramic plates of the first embodiment are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction of the ceramic plate. It is an enlarged side view of the right side end part which shows the state which put in order the ceramic plate of 1st Embodiment in multiple pieces in the X direction of the ceramic plate. It is a XI-XI line cross section arrow line view of FIG. It is a front view which shows the manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the ceramic board of 1st Embodiment. It is a front view which shows the operation state of the said manufacturing apparatus. It is a side view of the lower model in the above-mentioned manufacturing device. It is a top view of the lower model in the above-mentioned manufacturing device. It is a side view of the upper model in the above-mentioned manufacturing device. It is a bottom view of the upper model in the above-mentioned manufacturing device. It is a block diagram of the control circuit part in the said manufacturing apparatus. It is a control flowchart of the control circuit in the said manufacturing apparatus. It is the perspective view from the surface side which shows 2nd Embodiment of the ceramic board of this invention. It is a front view showing the state where a plurality of ceramic plates of the second embodiment are arranged in the X direction and the Y direction of the ceramic plate. It is an expanded side view of the right side end part which shows the state which arranged the ceramic plate of 2nd Embodiment in multiple numbers in the X direction of the ceramic plate. FIG. 23 is a sectional view taken along the line XXIII-XXIII in FIG. It is a top view of the lower model in the manufacture device which manufactures the ceramic board of a 2nd embodiment. It is a bottom view of the upper model in the manufacture device which manufactures the ceramic board of a 2nd embodiment.

  1-8 shows 1st Embodiment of the ceramic board of this invention. In this embodiment, a clay-formed plate is formed by extruding clay to extrude clay from a die (not shown) of an extrusion-forming apparatus (not shown), and the clay-formed plate is further processed and then fired. The example which applied this invention to the board 10 is shown. The horizontal direction in FIGS. 3 and 4 is the extrusion direction of clay, and in the following description, this extrusion direction is referred to as the X direction as shown in FIG. 1, and the direction orthogonal to the X direction is the Y direction. say. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the right end of FIGS. 3 and 4 is referred to as a front end, the left end is referred to as a rear end, the lower end of FIGS. 3 and 4 is referred to as a right end, and the upper end is referred to as a left end. Furthermore, the direction perpendicular to the front and back surfaces of the ceramic plate 10 is referred to as the vertical direction.

  The front side of the paper surface of FIG. 3 is the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10, and the front side of the paper surface of FIG. 4 is the back surface 10B of the ceramic plate 10. The end in the left-right direction toward the paper surface of FIG. 3 is the front and rear end in the extrusion direction, and the left side is the rear end 10 C of the ceramic plate 10. The right side of the sheet of FIG. The end portions in the vertical direction toward the paper surface of FIG. 3 are both end portions in the Y direction, and the upper side is the left end portion 10E of the ceramic plate 10. Further, the lower side toward the paper surface of FIG. 3 is the right end portion 10F of the ceramic plate 10.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the ceramic plate 10 formed in a plate shape by extrusion of clay and fired, a plurality of hollow holes 23 (23 in FIGS. Is attached only to three hollow holes and omitted to be attached to other hollow holes (in the other figures, the hollow hole 23 is omitted).

  The left end 10E of the ceramic plate 10 is integrally provided with a protrusion 11 projecting toward the surface 10A and extending along the X direction, and the back 10B is recessed in the right end 10F of the ceramic plate 10, X A recess 12 is formed extending in the direction. On both sides of the recess 12 in the Y direction, the end portion side is provided with a projecting piece portion 14 projecting toward the back surface 10B side, and the base end side is provided with an engaging portion 13 projecting in the right end portion 10F direction.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a through hole 22 is provided on the end side of the left end 10 </ b> E beyond the convex portion 11. Two through holes 22 are dispersed in the X direction. A screw (not shown) is inserted into each through hole 22 and the metal fitting 24 is fixed on the left end 10E of the ceramic plate 10 by the screw. In addition, through the through hole 22, the screw penetrates the ceramic plate 10 and is screwed into a base material (not shown) such as a roof to fix the ceramic plate 10 to the base material. Each metal fitting 24 is J-shaped in cross section as shown in FIG. 11, and when the ceramic plates 10 are adjacent and partially overlapped in the Y direction as described above, the right end is The metal fitting 24 is engaged with the engaging portion 13 formed in the recess 12 of 10F. This engagement prevents the ceramic plates 10 adjacent in the Y direction from increasing in the Y direction along the plate surface, and prevents the ceramic plates 10 from being separated in the vertical direction. It is done.

  The rear end portion 10C of the ceramic plate 10 is provided with the lower surface side portion 16 formed by crushing the clay from the surface 10A side, and the front end portion 10D of the ceramic plate 10 is crushed the clay from the back surface 10B side An upper surface side portion 17 is formed. Therefore, in the lower surface side portion 16 and the upper surface side portion 17, the amount of clay in the vertical direction is reduced and the thickness is reduced. Further, on the upper surface side of the lower surface side portion 16, there is integrally provided a first protrusion 18 projecting toward the upper surface side and extending in the Y direction, and on the lower surface side of the upper surface side portion 17, projecting toward the lower surface side , And the second protrusion 19 extending in the Y direction. In addition, when clay is crushed at the time of formation of lower surface side part 16 and upper surface side part 17, the clay extruded from there flows to the hollow hole 23 side, and the both ends of hollow hole 23 are closed by the clay.

  When the clay is crushed to form the lower surface side portion 16, the crushing position is slightly shifted to the right end 10F side in the Y direction, and a portion which is not crushed is left on the left end 10E side. This part is the bank 15. In addition, a notch is formed in the third corner 10J which is a corner on the right end 10F side of the lower surface side portion 16, and a second notch 21 is provided. On the other hand, a notch is formed in the second corner 10H which is a corner on the left end 10E side of the upper surface side portion 17, and a first notch 20 is provided. The size of the first notch 20 on the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10 is set to receive the bank 15.

  FIG. 9 shows a state of laying a plurality of ceramic plates 10 on a roof, a wall or the like. Here, four ceramic plates 10 are combined in both X and Y directions and partially overlapped with each other, but the combination of four or more ceramic plates 10 is a repetition of the same matter. Become.

  The upper surface side portion 17 and the lower surface side portion 16 of the front and rear end portions in the X direction are superimposed on each other at a portion where the ceramic plates 10 are adjacent to each other in the X direction. A passage 25 communicating in the Y direction is formed between the lower surface side of the upper surface side portion 17 and the upper surface side of the lower surface side portion 16 (see FIG. 10). The passage 25 functions as a water passage that passes rainwater adhering to the surface 10 A of the ceramic plate 10 and falling to the upper surface of the lower surface side portion 16. Here, the ridges 18 and 19 on the upper surface side of the lower surface side portion 16 and the lower surface side of the upper surface side portion 17 are banked so that the rain water flowing through the passage 25 does not leak into the gap between the ceramic plates 10 adjacent in the X direction. Plays the function of On the other hand, when the upper surface side portion 17 and the lower surface side portion 16 are overlapped, the bank portion 15 is received by the first cutout portion 20.

  Furthermore, at the portion where the ceramic plates 10 are adjacent in the Y direction, the end of the right end 10F is the cover portion 10a, the end of the left end 10E is the covered portion 10b, and the cover portion 10a is It overlaps with the upper side of the to-be-covered part 10b. At this time, the convex portion 11 of the left end portion 10E is fitted in the concave portion 12 of the right end portion 10F, and the ceramic plates 10 adjacent to each other at the overlapping portion are mechanically coupled to each other. It is designed to prevent being pulled away in the direction. Further, the third corner 10J of the ceramic plate 10 is provided with a second notch 21. Therefore, when the ceramic plate 10 on the upper right is overlapped in the Y direction in a state where the ceramic plate 10 on the lower left and the ceramic plate 10 on the lower right are overlapped in the X direction in FIG. The second notch 21 of the ceramic plate 10 at the upper right with respect to the portion 11 corresponds to the position. Thereby, the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 at the upper right is prevented from interfering with the convex portion 11 of the ceramic plate 10 at the lower left. The size of the notch in the second notch 21 in the X direction is substantially the same as the dimension in the X direction of the lower surface 16 on the lower surface of the lower surface 16. In addition, the size of the notch in the second notch 21 in the Y direction is a dimension such that the lower surface side portion 16 does not interfere with the convex portion 11 and can overlap the upper surface of the bank 15 of the covered portion 10b It is done.

  FIG. 11 shows a state in which the ceramic plate 10 is further stacked on the upper side in the Y direction, with the two ceramic plates 10 being stacked in the X direction as described above. At this time, since the second notch 21 is provided at the third corner 10J of the ceramic plate 10 forming the cover portion 10a, the convex portion 11 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10b forms the cover portion 10a. The recess 12 of the ceramic plate 10 can be fitted. Moreover, the metal fitting 24 fixed to the to-be-covered part 10b of the ceramic plate 10 which comprises the to-be-covered part 10b engages with the engaging part 13 of the ceramic plate 10 which comprises the cover part 10a. As apparent from FIG. 11, the right end 10F side of the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the cover portion 10a is located above the bank portion 15 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10b, Rainwater flowing on the lower surface side portion 16 is allowed to flow from the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the cover portion 10a to the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10b via the bank portion 15. become. Therefore, it is avoided that the rainwater flowing on the lower surface side portion 16 intrudes into the gap between the ceramic plates 10 arranged in the Y direction.

  According to the ceramic plate 10 described above, when the ceramic plates 10 are arranged in the X direction of the ceramic plate 10 and they are partially overlapped, the upper surface side portion 17 and the lower surface side portion 16 of the overlapping portion are both The thickness is reduced, and passages 25 communicating in the Y direction are formed between them. Therefore, when the ceramic plate 10 is used as a roofing material or an outer wall material, when rainwater intrudes into the passage 25 from the surface 10 A side of the ceramic plate 10, it is drained through the passage 25. At that time, since the first ridges 18 are provided on the lower surface side portion 16 and the second ridges 19 are provided on the upper surface side portion 17, the ceramic plate which the rainwater which has entered the passage 25 is adjacent to Penetration into the gap with 10 is suppressed. In addition, since the first corner 10G which is the end of the lower surface side portion 16 is provided with the bank portion 15 closing the passage 25, the side on which the bank portion 15 is provided is positioned above the horizontal surface By installing the ceramic plate 10 on the side, it is possible to suppress that the rainwater which has entered the passage 25 flows to the side of the left end 10E of the ceramic plate 10. When the bank portion 15 is not present, rainwater which has entered the passage 25 may flow to the left end 10E side of the ceramic plate 10 due to the influence of wind pressure, but the bank portion 15 can stop this flow. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate or simplify the need for providing a separate waterproof treatment. In addition, since the 1st notch 20 is provided in the 2nd corner 10H which is a part which counters embankment part 15 in upper surface side part 17, embankment part 15 is received in the 1st notch 20, and a plurality of The ceramic plates 10 can be arranged in the X direction.

  On the other hand, when a plurality of ceramic plates 10 are arranged in the Y direction of ceramic plate 10 and they are partially overlapped, the convex portion 11 of the covered portion 10b in the overlapping portion is engaged with the concave portion 12 of the cover portion 10a. Then, the ceramic plates 10 arranged can be coupled to each other. Therefore, the ceramic plates 10 arranged in line can be prevented from separating in the Y direction. Moreover, at this time, since the second notch 21 is provided in the third corner 10J, the protrusion 11 of the covered portion 10b is prevented from interfering with the lower surface side portion 16 of the cover portion 10a. it can.

  12-17 has shown the manufacturing apparatus of the clay molding board used as the above-mentioned ceramic board 10. As shown in FIG. This manufacturing apparatus is configured by a press 100. In addition, the extrusion molding apparatus which performs extrusion molding abbreviate | omits description here. In each figure, the direction of each part is shown by each symbol of X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Z1, and Z2. Further, in the following description, the clay molding plate is also referred to as the ceramic plate 10 in order to facilitate understanding.

  The basic structure of the press 100 is conventionally known, and moves the upper die 120 up and down with respect to the lower die 110. In this case, an electric motor and a hydraulic actuator are used as drive sources for driving the respective operating units of the press 100. Of course, the drive source is not limited to these.

  The lower mold 110 and the upper mold 120 have surfaces in contact with the front surface 10A and the back surface 10B of the ceramic plate 10, respectively. An upper die motor 120A and a slide 120B as upper die moving means are provided on the upper side of the upper die 120 in the press 100. In the upper die moving means, the slide 120B is vertically moved by the upper die motor 120A, and the upper die 120 coupled to the lower side of the slide 120B is moved relative to the lower die 110. The ceramic plate 10 is placed on the lower die 110 with its back surface 10B down, and the upper die moving means is configured to hold the upper die 120 in contact with the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10. It is done. FIG. 13 does not show the ceramic plate 10, but shows the position of the upper die 120 when the upper die 120 is held in contact with the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10. The ceramic plate 10 may be placed on the lower die 110 with the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10 facing downward. When it is desired to apply a decoration such as a pattern to both of the front surface 10A and the back surface 10B of the ceramic plate 10, either the upper surface of the lower mold 110 or the lower surface of the upper mold 120 may be used for decoration Can be attached to the mold.

  The first pressing die 130 is fixed to the X1 side end of the upper die 120 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z1-Z2 direction). The first pressing die 130 presses the rear end portion 10C in the X direction (X1-X2 direction) of the ceramic plate 10 sandwiched between the upper die 120 and the lower die 110 from the surface 10A side of the ceramic plate 10. On the lower surface of the first pressing die 130, a groove for forming the first protrusion 18 of the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 is formed. The first pressing die 130 is pressed by a first pressing unit 150 configured to include a hydraulic actuator. The first pressing means 150 is fixed to the upper die 120, and in a state where the upper die 120 is in contact with the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10, a part of the hollow hole 23 of the ceramic plate 10 is the first pressing die 130. It is crushed and pressed to a position where one end side of the hollow hole 23 is closed and stopped.

  In addition, the second pressing die 140 is fixed to the X2 side end of the lower die 110 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z1-Z2 direction). The second pressing die 140 presses the front end portion 10D in the X direction (X1-X2 direction) of the ceramic plate 10 sandwiched between the upper die 120 and the lower die 110 from the back surface 10B side of the ceramic plate 10. On the upper surface of the second pressing die 140, a groove for forming the second ridge 19 of the upper surface side portion 17 of the ceramic plate 10 is formed. The second pressing die 140 is pressed by a second pressing unit 160 configured to include a hydraulic actuator. The second pressing means 160 is fixed to the lower die 110, and in a state where the upper die 120 is in contact with the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10, a part of the hollow hole 23 of the ceramic plate 10 is the second pressing die 140. It is crushed and pressed to a position where the other end side of the hollow hole 23 is closed and stopped.

  A first cutter 121 is provided at a corner on the X2 side end of the upper mold 120 and on the Y1 side end. The first cutter 121 cuts off the second corner 10H of the ceramic plate 10 which is the front end 10D of the ceramic plate 10 and the left end 10E in the Y direction (Y1-Y2 direction). On the other hand, in the first pressing die 130, the Y1 side end of the ceramic plate 10 is left without being crushed. That is, an area corresponding to the second corner 10H on the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10 at the first corner 10G of the ceramic plate 10 which is the rear end 10C of the ceramic plate 10 and is the left end 10E. The first pressing die 130 presses while leaving the site as a non-pressing site. Thereby, the bank portion 15 is formed at the first corner portion 10G of the ceramic plate 10 as described above.

  A second cutter 122 is provided at the corner on the X1 side end of the upper mold 120 and on the Y2 side end. The second cutter 122 cuts off the third corner 10J of the ceramic plate 10, which is the rear end 10C of the ceramic plate 10 and the right end 10F in the Y direction (Y1-Y2 direction). The X2 direction end of the second cutter 122 is aligned with the X2 direction end of the first pressing die 130. Thereby, the size in the X direction (X1-X2 direction) of the third corner 10J of the ceramic plate 10 is the X direction (X1-X2) of the lower surface side portion 16 formed by being crushed by the first pressing die 130. Substantially the same as the dimensions of the

  Plates forming sacks 171 and 172 are fixed to the side walls at the Y1 side end and the Y2 side end of the lower mold 110. The sacs 171 and 172 function as a guide for positioning when placing the ceramic plate 10 on the lower die 110, and when pressing the ceramic plate 10 with the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140, The ceramic plate 10 is supported so as not to cause deformation or distortion by sandwiching in the Y1 and Y2 directions. Further, on the side walls at the X1 side end and the X2 side end of the upper mold 120, a plate body forming sacks 173 and 174 is fixed. The sack 173 is located on the X1 side of the first pressing die 130, and the sack 174 is located on the X2 side of the second pressing die 140 when the upper die 120 approaches the lower die 110 as shown in FIG. The sacs 173 and 174 are crushed by the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140 by sandwiching the ceramic plate 10 in the X1 and X2 directions when the ceramic plate 10 is pressed by the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140. The clay is prevented from being extruded in the X1 direction and the X2 direction. In addition, fixation of the sacs 171-174 with respect to the lower mold | type 110 and the upper mold | type 120 can also be made into the combination except having mentioned above. Further, in FIGS. 12 and 13, in order to make the lower mold 110 and the upper mold 120 easy to see, the illustration of the sacs 171 and 172 is omitted.

  On the upper surface of the lower mold 110, as shown in FIG. 15, a convex portion 124 is integrally provided along the X1-X2 direction, close to the Y2 side end. When the ceramic plate 10 is placed on the upper surface of the lower mold 110, the convex portion 124 is fitted in the concave portion 12 of the ceramic plate 10 so that the concave portion 12 is not crushed during molding of the ceramic plate 10. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 17, the recessed part 123 is integrally provided in the lower surface of the upper type | mold 120 along the X1-X2 direction by Y1 side edge end vicinity. When forming the concave portion 123 by sandwiching the ceramic plate 10 between the lower mold 110 and the upper mold 120, the concave portion 123 receives the convex portion 11 of the ceramic plate 10 and the convex portion 11 is not crushed during the formation of the ceramic plate 10. I have to.

  FIG. 18 shows a control system of the press 100. A signal from the start switch 190 is input to the control circuit 180, and the control circuit 180 outputs operation signals to the upper mold motor 120A, the first pressing actuator 150A, and the second pressing actuator 160A. . The control circuit 180 is configured by a sequence circuit, although the detailed configuration is omitted. However, a control function similar to that of the sequence circuit may be realized by a microcomputer.

  FIG. 19 shows control contents realized by the control circuit 180. When the activation is instructed by the activation switch 190, it is determined in step S1 whether or not the transfer of the ceramic plate 10 onto the lower mold 110 is completed. Before the transfer is completed, step S1 is determined to be negative and the process shown in FIG. 19 is ended. However, when the transfer is completed and step S1 is determined affirmative, the upper mold motor 120A is operated in step S2. The upper mold 120 is lowered toward the lower mold 110. At this time, the upper mold 120 is stopped at a position in contact with the ceramic plate 10 placed on the lower mold 110, and held at that position.

  In the next step S3, an operation signal is output to the first pressing actuator 150A and the second pressing actuator 160A to move the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140. As a result, the rear end portion 10C and the front end portion 10D of the ceramic plate 10 are pressed and formed. At this time, it is preferable that the movement of the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140 have a slight time difference. Thereby, even if there is air pushed into the hollow by the side pressed and formed among the rear end portion 10C and the front end portion 10D of the ceramic plate 10, the air is discharged from the side pressed and formed later it can. The configuration for providing a time difference may be electrically performed by the control circuit 180 or may be mechanically performed by the first pressing actuator 150A or the second pressing actuator 160A.

  In the next step S4, a signal for returning the upper mold motor 120A, the first pressing actuator 150A and the second pressing actuator 160A to their initial positions is output. As a result, the upper die 120, the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140 are returned to their initial positions, and prepare for the formation of the next ceramic plate 10.

  According to the above-described press 100, when forming the lower surface side portion 16 and the upper surface side portion 17 with respect to the extruded ceramic plate 10, the ceramic plate at the rear end portion 10C and the front end portion 10D of the ceramic plate 10 The first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140 respectively press from the side of the front surface 10A and the rear surface 10B of 10. At that time, the end of the hollow hole 23 of the ceramic plate 10 is closed by the pressing of the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140. Therefore, it is not necessary to separately provide a step of closing the end of the hollow hole 23, and productivity can be enhanced. Further, when pressing the ceramic plate 10 by the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140, the surface 10 A and the back surface 10 B of the ceramic plate 10 are in contact with the upper die 120 and the lower die 110. Therefore, when the lower surface side portion 16 and the upper surface side portion 17 are formed by the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140, the ceramic plate 10 can be prevented from being deformed or distorted. In addition, after the surface 10A and the back surface 10B of the ceramic plate 10 are brought into contact with the upper die 120 and the lower die 110, the first pressing die 130 and the second pressing die 140 press the ceramic plate 10. When pressing the ceramic plate 10 with the two-press mold 140, excess air enters the hollow hole 23, and air having a volume greater than the original volume enters the hollow hole 23, thereby expanding the volume of the hollow hole 23 after molding. Is suppressed. Therefore, it can suppress that a deformation | transformation or distortion arises in the hollow hole 23 part of the ceramic board 10. As shown in FIG. Furthermore, the bank portion of the ceramic plate 10 is formed only by providing the non-pressing portion which is not pressed by the first pressing die 130. Therefore, productivity can be improved.

  FIG. 20 shows a second embodiment of the ceramic plate 10 of the present invention. The main feature of the second embodiment with respect to the first embodiment is that the second embodiment is directed to the surface 10A side of the bank portion 15 provided at the left end 10E of the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 in the first embodiment. It is in the point which made protrusion height low. Moreover, it is a point which eliminated the 1st notch 20 of the 2nd corner 10H of ceramic board 10 according to it. In addition, a small groove 26 is formed adjacent to the left end 10E of the protrusion 11 near the first corner 10G. The depth of the groove 26 in the vertical direction is such that the bottom surface of the groove 26 is higher than the upper surface of the lower surface side portion 16, and the X direction length of the groove 26 is approximately the dimension of the lower surface side portion 16 in the X direction. Moreover, the vertical depth of the groove 26 is gradually reduced in height toward the side closer to the lower surface side portion 16 than in the side farther from the lower side. Moreover, the convex part 11 is made to interrupt in 2nd corner part 10H vicinity. Furthermore, the convex part 11 also interrupts the convex part 11 also in the middle part of the ceramic plate 10 in the X direction. The dimension in the X direction at which each of the convex portions 11 is interrupted is about the dimension in the X direction of the lower surface side portion 16. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment in the second embodiment, and the description of the same parts will not be repeated.

  In the bank portion 15a in the second embodiment, the height of protrusion on the surface 10A side is made equal to the height of protrusion of the first protrusion 18. Then, the first protrusion 18 is disposed on the rear end portion 10C of the lower surface side portion 16.

  FIG. 21 shows that four ceramic plates 10 are combined in both X and Y directions and partially overlapped with each other, as in FIG. 9. Moreover, FIG. 22 has shown the overlap state of the upper surface side site | part 17 and the lower surface side site | part 16 of the ceramic plate 10 combined in the X direction similarly to FIG. In the second embodiment, since the protrusion height of the bank portion 15a is lowered, even when the second corner 10H has no notch when the front and rear ends of the ceramic plate 10 combined in the X direction are overlapped. The dam portion 15 a does not interfere with the upper surface side portion 17.

  FIG. 23 shows a state in which the ceramic plate 10 is further stacked on the upper side in the Y direction in a state in which the two ceramic plates 10 are stacked in the X direction as in FIG. 11. At this time, the right end 10F side of the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the cover portion 10a is located above the second corner 10H of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10b, and the lower surface side portion Rainwater flowing on the surface 16 flows from the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the cover portion 10a to above the second corner 10H of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10b. Then, the rain water flows on the surface 10A of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10b from there.

  At this time, in the portion corresponding to the lower surface side portion 16, the flow of rainwater flowing on the surface 10 A of the ceramic plate 10 is not blocked by the convex portion 11 because there is no convex portion 11. In addition, the rainwater which flows on lower surface side site | part 16 may flow to the convex part 11 side of the ceramic board 10 located in the lower right in FIG. However, the rainwater is guided by the groove 26 onto the lower surface side portion 16 of the ceramic plate 10 forming the covered portion 10 b. Therefore, it is avoided that the rainwater flowing on the lower surface side portion 16 intrudes into the gap between the ceramic plates 10 arranged in the Y direction.

  As described above, in the second embodiment, the first notch 20 is not formed in the second corner 10H of the ceramic plate 10 in the first embodiment. Therefore, when the four ceramic plates 10 are combined as shown in FIG. 21, the notch is not exposed on the surface 10A. Therefore, the risk of rainwater infiltrating through the notch can be avoided.

  24 and 25 show a lower mold 110 and an upper mold 120 of a device for manufacturing a clay-formed plate to be the ceramic plate 10 of the second embodiment. The apparatus for producing a clay-formed plate to be the ceramic plate 10 according to the second embodiment is basically the same as the apparatus for producing a clay-formed plate to be the ceramic plate 10 according to the first embodiment described with reference to FIGS. The structures of the lower mold 110 and the upper mold 120 are changed correspondingly to the difference in the shape of the ceramic plate 10.

  As shown in FIG. 24, in the lower mold 110, since the second corner 10H of the ceramic plate 10 has no notch, the second pressing mold 140 is extended in the Y1 direction as compared to the lower mold 110 of FIG. The sac 171 is also extended in the X2 direction.

  As shown in FIG. 25, in the upper mold 120, since there is no notch in the second corner 10H of the ceramic plate 10, the first cutter 121 is removed compared to the upper mold 120 in FIG. The area of 120 is enlarged, and the sac 174 is extended in the Y1 direction. Further, the grooves 130a and 130b on the lower surface of the first pressing die 130 are formed corresponding to the shapes and structures of the bank portion 15a of the ceramic plate 10 and the first ridges 18. Further, a convex portion 120 a is formed to project from the lower surface of the upper mold 120 at a portion corresponding to the groove 26 of the ceramic plate 10.

  As mentioned above, although specific embodiment was described, the present invention is not limited to those appearances and composition, and various change, addition, and deletion are possible in the range which does not change the gist of the present invention. For example, the ceramic plate 10 can be used as a roof material, an outer wall material, an inner wall material of a building or the like, and the like.

10 ceramic plate 10A front surface 10B back surface 10C rear end portion 10D front end portion 10E left end portion 10F right end portion 10G first corner portion 10H second corner portion 10J third corner portion 10a cover portion 10b cover portion 11 convex portion 12 concave portion 13 Engaging portion 14 Protrusions 15, 15a Embankment portion 16 Lower surface side portion 17 Upper surface side portion 18 First protrusion
19 second ridge 20 first notch 21 second notch 22 through hole 23 hollow hole 24 metal fitting 25 passage 26 groove 100 press machine 110 lower die 120 upper die 120A upper die motor 120B slide 120 a convex portion 121 first Cutter 122 Second cutter 123 Recess 124 Convex 130 First pressing die 130a, 130b Groove 140 Second pressing die 150 First pressing means 150A First pressing actuator 160 Second pressing means 160A Second pressing actuators 171, 172, 173, 174 Sack 180 Control circuit 190 Start switch

Claims (8)

A ceramic plate provided with a plurality of hollow holes along an X direction which is one direction,
In the state where a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the X direction and the front and rear end portions which are the front and rear in the X direction are partially overlapped, the upper surface side portion located on the upper surface side in the overlapping portion of the front and rear end portions The thickness of the lower surface is reduced due to the small amount of clay, and the lower surface side portion located on the lower surface side at the overlapping portion of the front and rear end portions has a small amount of clay on the upper surface. A thickness is reduced, and a passage communicating with a Y direction which is a direction intersecting the X direction is formed between the lower surface side of the upper surface side portion and the upper surface side of the lower surface side portion,
Both ends of the hollow hole are closed at the overlapping portion of the front and rear end portions,
The upper surface side of the lower surface side portion is provided with a protrusion that protrudes toward the lower surface of the upper surface side portion and extends in the Y direction,
A plurality of ceramic plates adjacent to each other in the Y direction, and the left and right side end portions which are the left and right sides in the X direction are partially overlapped, the object to be positioned on the lower surface side at the overlapping portion of the left and right side end portions The first corner of the ceramic plate which is the cover portion and the rear end portion in the X direction protrudes in the direction to close the passage on the cover portion side located on the upper surface side at the overlapping portion of the left and right side end portions Ceramic plate with embankment. In claim 1,
The ceramic plate in which the amount of protrusion of the bank portion is equal to the amount of protrusion of the protrusion. In claim 1,
The amount of protrusion of the bank portion is larger than the amount of protrusion of the protrusion;
A plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the X direction, and the second corner of the ceramic plate is a portion overlapping the first corner in a state where the front and rear ends are partially overlapped. Ceramic plate in which the 1st notch which formed the notch which receives 2 is formed. In any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the state where a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the Y direction and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped, the covered portion has a convex portion protruding to the upper surface side, and the cover The portion has a recess on its lower surface side, which is engaged with and mechanically coupled to the protrusion to prevent the ceramic plates adjacent in the Y direction from being separated along the plate surface.
At the lower surface side portion, a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent in the Y direction at the third corner facing the first corner in the Y direction, and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped. The ceramic plate in which the 2nd notch which formed the notch which receives the said convex part in the state is formed. It is a manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the ceramic board of Claim 2, Comprising:
Upper mold and lower mold provided with surfaces in contact with the front and back surfaces of a clay molding plate to be a ceramic plate;
With the clay molding plate mounted on the lower mold with one of the front and back surfaces thereof facing down, the upper mold is held in contact with the other surface of the front and back surfaces of the clay molding plate. Upper mold moving means,
A first pressing die for pressing the rear end portion in the X direction of the clay forming plate sandwiched between the upper and lower dies from the other surface side of the clay forming plate;
While the upper mold is in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate by the upper mold moving means, a part of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is crushed in the first pressing mold and the rear end portion side of the hollow hole is A first pressing means which is closed and pressed to a position where the lower surface side portion is formed and stopped;
A second pressing die for pressing the front end portion in the X direction of the clay forming plate sandwiched between the upper and lower dies from the one surface side of the clay forming plate;
While the upper mold is in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate by the upper mold moving means, a part of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is crushed in the second pressing mold and the front end side of the hollow hole is closed And a second pressing means for pressing to a position where the upper surface side portion is formed and stopping it,
The manufacturing apparatus of the ceramic board provided with the groove | channel which forms said protrusion and said bank part in the lower surface of said 1st press die. It is a manufacturing apparatus which manufactures the ceramic board of Claim 3, Comprising:
Upper mold and lower mold provided with surfaces in contact with the front and back surfaces of a clay molding plate to be a ceramic plate;
With the clay molding plate mounted on the lower mold with one of the front and back surfaces thereof facing down, the upper mold is held in contact with the other surface of the front and back surfaces of the clay molding plate. Upper mold moving means,
A first pressing die for pressing the rear end portion in the X direction of the clay forming plate sandwiched between the upper and lower dies from the other surface side of the clay forming plate;
While the upper mold is in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate by the upper mold moving means, a part of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is crushed in the first pressing mold and the rear end portion side of the hollow hole is A first pressing means which is closed and pressed to a position where the lower surface side portion is formed and stopped;
A second pressing die for pressing the front end portion in the X direction of the clay forming plate sandwiched between the upper and lower dies from the one surface side of the clay forming plate;
While the upper mold is in contact with the other surface of the clay molding plate by the upper mold moving means, a part of the hollow hole of the clay molding plate is crushed in the second pressing mold and the front end side of the hollow hole is closed And a second pressing means for pressing and stopping until the position where the upper surface side portion is formed;
A first cutter that cuts off the second corner of the clay molding plate to form the first notch;
The apparatus for manufacturing a ceramic plate according to claim 1, wherein the first pressing die is pressed on the other surface of the first corner of the clay molding plate while leaving a portion of an area corresponding to the second corner as a non-pressed portion. In claim 5 or 6,
The ceramic plate is
In the state where a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent to each other in the Y direction and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped, the covered portion has a convex portion protruding to the upper surface side, and the cover The portion has a recess on its lower surface side, which is engaged with and mechanically coupled to the protrusion to prevent the ceramic plates adjacent in the Y direction from being separated along the plate surface.
At the lower surface side portion, a plurality of ceramic plates are adjacent in the Y direction at the third corner facing the first corner in the Y direction, and the left and right side end portions are partially overlapped. In the state, a second notch formed with a notch for receiving the convex portion is formed,
The manufacturing apparatus of the ceramic board provided with the 2nd cutter which cuts off the said 3rd corner | angular part of a clay molding board, and forms the said 2nd notch part. In any one of claims 5 to 7,
In the upper mold or the lower mold, a portion of the clay molded board not in contact with the upper mold and the lower mold is surrounded from the periphery while the clay molded board is sandwiched between the upper mold and the lower mold. The manufacturing apparatus of the ceramic board provided with the sac which is a board.

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