JP6520155B2 - Heating electrode device, electric heating glass - Google Patents

Description

  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heating electrode device provided with a heat generating portion that generates heat by Joule heat when energized, and to electrically heated glass using the same.

  BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, there is a technique of heating a windshield of a car by applying electricity, thereby eliminating freezing and fogging of a glass window. Such a glass window comprises a heating electrode arrangement between two glass plates. The heating electrode device includes a pair of bus bar electrodes disposed apart from one another, and a plurality of heat generating portions of a plurality of parallel streaks disposed so as to pass between the pair of bus bar electrodes. By connecting a power supply to the bus bar electrode, it is possible to energize the heat generating conductor provided in the heat generating portion, and the heat generating conductor can be heated to heat the glass window.

JP-A-9-207718 JP, 2013-56811, A

  It is preferable to arrange the heat generating conductor over the entire surface of the windshield, from the viewpoint of uniformly eliminating freezing and fogging of the windshield. However, when the heat generating conductor is disposed over the entire surface of the windshield in this manner, radio wave communication inside and outside the vehicle via the windshield may be hindered by the heat generating conductor. For example, in the toll road charge settlement system of the toll road by ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System (Electronic Toll Collection System)), there is a possibility that transmission and reception of signals by radio waves between a device on the road side and a device on the car interior The

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide a heating electrode apparatus with few heating nonuniformity, performing transmission / reception of an electromagnetic wave smoothly. Further, there is provided an electrically heated glass using the heating electrode device.

  The present invention will be described below. Although reference numerals of the drawings are appended here for the sake of easy understanding, the present invention is not limited thereto.

The invention according to claim 1 is a heating electrode device (20) used for glass to be energized and heated, comprising: a plurality of bus bar electrodes (21) which are arranged with a gap and become a pair; And a heat generating portion (22) disposed across the bus bar electrode, wherein the heat generating portion has the heat generating conductor formed in a mesh shape and the heat generating conductor has an outer contour of a mesh of a ridge extending in the longitudinal direction And the plurality of heat generating bands are arranged to form a gap (25) in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of the heat generating band, and the gap is 1.2 mm A heating electrode device having a width of 8 mm or less and being arranged in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of the heat generation band .

  The invention according to claim 2 is the heating electrode device (20) according to claim 1, including the base material layer (13), and the bus bar electrode (21) and the heat generating portion (22) are the base material layers. It is arranged on one side.

  The invention according to claim 3 comprises a first panel (11) for transmitting light, and a second panel (15) for transmitting light spaced apart with respect to the first panel. The heating electrode device (20) according to claim 1 or 2, which is arranged at a distance between the first panel and the second panel.

  According to the present invention, in the heating electrode device and the electrically heated glass using the same, uneven heating is suppressed while smoothly transmitting and receiving radio waves indoors and out; Is possible.

It is a figure explaining electric conduction heating glass 10 concerning one form. It is a figure explaining layer composition of electric heating glass 10. In FIG. It is the figure which expanded and represented a part of heat-emitting part 20. FIG. It is a figure explaining an example of application of electric heating glass 10. FIG. It is a figure explaining the electricity supply heating glass 110 which concerns on another form.

  The above-described effects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the embodiments described below. The present invention will be described below based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. In addition, each member appearing in the drawings may be expressed by exaggerating or modifying the size and the shape from the viewpoint of easy understanding.

FIG. 1 is a view for explaining one mode, and is a conceptual view of the electric heating glass 10 as viewed from the front. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II shown in FIG.
Such electric heating glass 10 is provided, for example, as a windshield of a car in a car. In addition, it can be used as a window in a place having a so-called glass window, for example, windows of vehicles such as the above-mentioned cars, railway cars, aircraft, and ships, windows of buildings, refrigerators, display boxes, cupboards And windows of storage and storage facilities. The term "window" in this context means a window in a narrow sense, that is, the wall of a vehicle, a building, or a storage or storage facility, and the main purpose is to visually identify the outside without people or things coming in and out. In addition to the transparent openings, so-called doors are also included, the main purpose of which is to get in and out of people and things.

  As can be seen from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the electrically heated glass 10 is in the form of a plate as a whole, and a plurality of layers are laminated. More specifically, the electrically heated glass 10 of the present embodiment is configured to have the first panel 11, the adhesive layer 12, the base material layer 13, the heating electrode device 20, the adhesive layer 14, and the second panel 15. There is. Each of these will be described below.

The first panel 11 and the second panel 15 are plate-like members having translucency, and are disposed substantially parallel to each other with an interval between the plate surfaces disposed to face each other. It is a so-called double panel structure. Here, the plate surface is, in the case of FIG. 1, two opposing surfaces parallel to the XY plane among the surfaces of the first and second panels 11 and 15. The base material layer 13 and a part of the heating electrode device 20 are disposed between the first panel 11 and the second panel 15 and integrated by the adhesive layers 12 and 14.
The 1st panel 11 and the 2nd panel 15 can be comprised by plate glass. The same thing as the plate glass used for the window which equipment (for example, vehicles and buildings) to which the electric heating glass 10 concerned is applied usually has can be used for this. For example, soda lime glass (blue sheet glass), borosilicate glass (white sheet glass), quartz glass, soda glass, ordinary sheet glass made of soda glass, etc., float sheet glass, reinforced sheet glass, partial sheet glass, etc. may be mentioned. Moreover, you may have a curved part in curved surface shape three-dimensionally, as needed.
However, it does not necessarily have to be a glass plate, and may be a resin plate made of a resin such as an acrylic resin or a polycarbonate resin. However, in view of weather resistance, heat resistance, transparency and the like, a sheet glass is preferable.
The thickness of the first panel 11 and the second panel 15 is not particularly limited, but is generally 1.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less.

The adhesive layer 12 is a layer made of an adhesive laminated on the surface of the first panel 11 on the side facing the second panel 15, and bonds the base layer 13 and the first panel 11. The adhesive is not particularly limited, but polyvinyl butyral resin can be used from the viewpoints of adhesiveness, weather resistance, heat resistance and the like.
The thickness of the adhesive layer 12 is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.

  The base material layer 13 is a layer which functions as a base material of the bus bar electrode 21 and the heat generating portion 22, in particular, the bus bar electrode 21 and the heat generating portion 22 of the heating electrode device 20 are disposed on one surface thereof. The base material layer 13 is a transparent plate-like member, and is formed of resin. Any resin may be used as the resin for forming the base layer 13 as long as it can transmit the wavelength (380 nm to 780 nm) of the visible light wavelength band, but preferably a thermoplastic resin can be used. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include acrylic resins such as polymethyl (meth) acrylate and polybutyl (meth) acrylate, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (A-PET) and polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene and polymethyl Polyolefin resins such as pentene and cyclic polyolefin, cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (cellulose triacetate), polystyrene, styrene resins such as acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer (AS) resin, polycarbonate resin, polyvinyl chloride and the like Be Here, the notation "(meth) acrylic" means acrylic or methacrylic.

  The heating electrode device 20 is a device that generates heat when energized and heats the energized heating glass 10. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the heating electrode device 20 is configured to include the bus bar electrode 21, the heating portion 22, the power supply 30, the switch 50, and the power connection electrode 26.

In the present embodiment, the bus bar electrode 21 is formed of a first bus bar electrode 21 a and a second bus bar electrode 21 b. The first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b each have a strip shape extending in one direction (the X-axis direction in FIG. 1), and the first bus bar electrode 21a and the second bus bar electrode 21b have a space. And extend in the same direction (substantially parallel).
A known form can be applied to such first bus bar electrode 21a and second bus bar electrode 21b, and the width of the strip-like electrode is generally 3 mm or more and 15 mm or less.

Heat generating portion 22 is disposed extending between first bus bar electrode 21a and second bus bar electrode 21b in a direction intersecting with both bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b (Y axis direction in FIG. 1), and one end thereof Are electrically connected to the first bus bar electrode 21a, and the other end is electrically connected to the second bus bar electrode 21b. Heat is generated by energizing the heat generating portion 22, and the electrically heated glass 10 is heated.
Here, in the heat generating portion 22, a plurality of heat generating bands 23 are arranged with a gap 25. Accordingly, the heat generating zones 23 and the gaps 25 are alternately arranged. In FIG. 3, two heat generating zones 23 and a gap 25 formed therebetween are shown in a portion shown by III in FIG.

  In the heat transfer zone 23, a thin linear heating conductor is formed in a mesh shape (for example, a mesh shape or a grid shape regardless of whether it has regularity or not), as shown in FIG. The outer contour of the heating conductor is band-shaped. For example, linear heating conductors having a wire diameter of 1 μm to 50 μm, and more preferably 5 μm to 15 μm are combined in a mesh shape, and the outer contour line shape extends on the base layer 13 ) Are formed in a strip shape in one direction (vertical direction in FIG. 3), and a plurality of heating rods 23 have a predetermined width B in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 3). The plurality of rows 25 are arranged by opening the gap 25.

The material constituting the heat generating conductor is not particularly limited as long as it generates heat when energized, but tungsten, molybdenum, gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum, chromium, nickel, titanium, palladium, indium, etc. And alloys of these metals, such as nickel-chromium alloys, brass, bronze, etc., which are patterned by etching (corrosion) processing.
Further, the heat generating conductor itself which constitutes the mesh may be linear as shown in FIG. 3 or may be formed in a wave shape.
The mesh shape is formed by arranging a plurality of unit lattices adjacent to each other and laying in a plane without gaps. Each unit grid consists of a closed area such as a polygon surrounded by a line segment consisting of conductor strips, the outer periphery of the unit grid consists of conductor strips, and the inside of the conductor strips in the outer periphery is a conductor Make an opening where there is no The shape of the unit grid is a triangle, a tetragon, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, an octagonal isogon, or a shape in which the sides of these polygons (conductor strips forming the outer periphery) are not straight but curved. But it is good. As the curve, an arc of a circle or an ellipse, a hook line, a hyperbola, a sine curve, a hyperbolic sine curve, an elliptic function curve, a Bessel function curve, a cycloid curve or the like is used. The unit lattices constituting the mesh (mesh) shape may be all formed of the same (congruent) shape, and one or all of the unit lattices are different from each other and constant in any direction in the plane. You may be comprised from the aperiodic grating which does not have a period. As a mesh pattern of such non-periodic lattice, for example, as disclosed in JP 2013-238029 A, generated from random two-dimensional distributed generating points distributed within upper and lower limit values with a distance between adjacent generating points. The Voronoi figure which is made can be suitably used.

  The width of the heat generation zone 23 (the size of the heat generation zone 23 in the direction in which the heat generation zones 23 and the gaps 25 are alternately arranged) shown by A in FIG. 5 mm or more and 200 mm or less in consideration of visibility).

On the other hand, a gap 25 is formed between adjacent heat generating bands 23, and no heat generating conductor is disposed here. Thereby, the gap 25 and the radio wave can pass, and the radio wave can be transmitted through the heating glass 10. Therefore, even if the heating glass 10 is in between, transmission and reception can be performed without interference of the radio wave.
Therefore, the width of the gap 25 shown in FIG. 3B (the size of the gap 25 in the direction in which the heat generating zones 23 and the gaps 25 are alternately arranged) is determined based on the wavelength of the radio wave to be transmitted through the heating glass 10. be able to. For example, the lower limit of the width B of the gap 25 is determined so that the minimum wavelength of the wavelength range of the wavelength of the radio wave to be transmitted is equal to or less than the blocking wavelength of the opening formed by the gap. Further, the upper limit of the width B of the gap 25 is determined so that the effect of eliminating freezing and fogging of the electrically heated glass 10 can be made uniform over the entire surface to such an extent that there is no visual hindrance.
Here, assuming that the width of the gap 25 of the heat generating zone 23 is B and the length of the heat generating zone 23 in the longitudinal direction (extending direction, in the vertical direction in FIG. 1) is L in FIG. Each gap portion 25 at 22 forms a rectangular opening whose length in the vertical and horizontal directions is B and L, respectively. Such an opening can be regarded as a rectangular (斷 surface) waveguide in which the length in the propagation direction is extremely short (the thickness of the heat generating portion 22 of the present invention corresponds to this) with respect to transmission of electromagnetic waves. Therefore, whether radio waves are transmitted or blocked in the gap 25 is equivalent to whether the radio waves are propagated or blocked in the rectangular waveguides of B and L where the length of the ack edge of the wedge surface is B or L. It becomes a problem.
In the field of waveguides, the radio wave propagation characteristics in rectangular waveguides have already been elucidated, and in rectangular waveguides whose sides have a length of B and L (B <L). Is a radio wave of a wavelength less than the inherent cutoff wavelength λ c;
λ ≦ λc
It is known to propagate only. That is, radio waves that can pass through the rectangular opening of the conductor (heating band 23) are only those with a wavelength of λc or less. Here,
λc = 2 / {(n / B) ² + (m / L) ² } ^1/2 (Equation 1)
It is. Further, m and n are the number of modes of the propagating radio wave, and B and L are side lengths of the rectangular opening (rectangular wedge surface), and B <L.
Now, in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the gap 25 between two adjacent heating bands 23 is used as the opening of the rectangular waveguide. The cutoff wavelength λc is determined for the width B direction (X direction in FIG. 1) in which the width of the opening is relatively small and the cutoff wavelength is smaller. Assuming that the mode number is m = 0 and n = 1, the maximum value of the cutoff wavelength λc is determined by Equation 1 (since a mode number n 想 定 2 or more is assumed, the λc becomes smaller). From equation 2,
λ c = 2 B (Equation 2)
It becomes.
Therefore, in the case where the longest wavelength of the radio wave frequency band or spectrum that is assumed to be transmitted and received through the heating glass 10 is λmax,
λmax ≦ λc = 2B (Equation 3)
That is, if this is solved for B,
B λ λmax / 2 (Equation 4-1)
I assume. However, if the width B of the gap 25 is set too large and it is set too large, uniform heating of the entire surface of the electrically heated glass 10 becomes difficult. Because of the habit, usually
(Λmax / 2) × 1.05 ≦ B ≦ (λmax / 2) × 2.00 (Equation 4-2)
I assume.
The width B of the gap 25 between the heat generation bands is 0.5 mm or more and 50 mm or less, preferably 1.2 mm or more and preferably 8.0 mm or less, considering the permeability of the wavelength band of the radio wave usually assumed and the uniform heating aptitude of the entire surface. I assume.
The type of radio wave to be transmitted or received through the electric heating glass 10 is not particularly limited, and radio waves of various wavelength bands carrying desired information by various modulation methods are used. Here, as the wavelength band, long waves, medium waves, short waves, ultrashort waves, ultrashort waves, etc. are used. As a modulation method, analog modulation such as amplitude modulation and frequency modulation, digital modulation such as frequency shift keying and phase shift keying, pulse modulation such as pulse code modulation and pulse width modulation may be used. As information, various audio signals, video signals, digital signals and the like are used. Specifically, radio waves of AM (amplitude modulated wave) or / FM (frequency modulated wave) radio broadcast wave, UHF broadcast wave of television, radio wave of VHF broadcast wave, radio wave of digital broadcast wave, car phone, mobile phone, Positioning of GPS satellites used in ETC (Electronic charge receipt system (Electronic Toll Collection System) abbreviation), radio waves used in personal radio, business radio etc., and GPS (abbreviation of Global Positioning System (Global Positioning System)) Various radio waves such as radio waves can be mentioned.

Such a heat generating zone 23 and the gap 25 are arranged as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. That is, one longitudinal end of the strip-shaped heat generation band 23 is connected to the first bus bar electrode 21 a, and the other end is connected to the second bus bar electrode 21 b. The plurality of heat generation bands 23 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the first bus bar electrode 21 a and the second bus bar electrode 21 b while forming the gaps 25.
As a result, a plurality of gaps 25 through which radio waves can be transmitted are formed over the entire conductive heating glass 10, so that the transmission of radio waves is unlikely to be uneven. And, by forming a plurality of gaps in this way, the width of each gap 25 can be kept small, so that the portions of the gap 25 are also sufficiently heated by the adjacent heat generating belts 23, and the heating unevenness is also suppressed. Is possible.

The power supply connection electrode 26 is an electrode for connecting the power supply 30 between the first bus bar electrode 21 a and the second bus bar electrode 21 b. The power source 30 is not particularly limited, but when the electrically heated glass 10 is applied to a car, for example, a battery already installed in the car can be used as the power source 30. At this time, for example, the second bus bar electrode 21b can be connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the first bus bar electrode 21a can be connected to the negative electrode.
A known configuration may be applied to such a power supply connection electrode 26.

  The adhesive layer 14 is a layer that includes the bus bar electrode 21 and the heat generating portion 22 and bonds the base material layer 13 and the second panel 15. The adhesive layer 14 can have the same configuration as the adhesive layer 12.

  It is set as the electricity supply heating glass 10 as follows by each structure as mentioned above. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the adhesive layer 12 is laminated on one surface of the first panel 11, and the base material layer 13 is laminated to the first panel 11 via the adhesive layer 12. The heating electrode device 20 is disposed on the surface of the base layer 13 opposite to the side on which the adhesive layer 12 is disposed. In the heating electrode device 20, the second panel 15 is disposed on the side opposite to the side on which the base material layer 13 is disposed, but between the substrate layer 13 and the heating electrode device 20 and the second panel 15 An adhesive layer 14 is disposed to fill. Thereby, the second panel 15 is laminated on the base material layer 13 and the heating electrode device 20.

Such a heating electrode device 20 and the electrically heated glass 10 including the same can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
(1) First, a laminated body is produced in which a metal foil is bonded and laminated on a base material layer 13 made of a resin film via an adhesive layer.
(2) Next, a photosensitive resist layer is coated on the metal foil of the laminate.
(3) Next, the heat generating portion 22 of the desired pattern, for example, the outer contour of the mesh linear straight line as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. A photomask having a light shielding pattern of a plan view pattern of the heating electrode placement 20 consisting of the bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b is prepared.
(4) Next, the photomask is placed in close contact with the photosensitive resist layer. Then, UV exposure is performed through the photo mask, and after removing the photo mask, the unexposed photosensitive resist layer is dissolved and removed by known development processing, and a resist pattern layer having a shape conforming to the desired pattern is formed on the metal foil. Form.
(5) Next, the laminate is subjected to etching (corrosion) processing with a corrosion solution from above the resist pattern layer to etch away the metal foil in the portion where the resist pattern layer is not formed. Then, the resist pattern layer is dissolved and removed (film removal). In this manner, a laminated member in which the heating portions 22 and the bus bar electrodes 21a and 21b having the predetermined pattern of the plan view shape of FIG. 1 and the wedge surface shape of FIG. 2 are formed on the base material layer 13 is manufactured.
(6) Next, a stack of the first panel 11, the adhesive layer 12, the laminated member consisting of the base material layer and the heating electrode placement 20, the adhesive layer 14, and the second panel 15 is put in a vacuum in the vacuum pack Aspirate the inside of the vacuum pack while heating at 140 ° C. for 60 minutes and vacuum mold. Thereafter, it was heated and pressurized in an autoclave at a temperature of 140 ° C. and a pressure of 1.5 MPa for 60 minutes. Thus, the plurality of layers are adhesively laminated and integrated.
(7) The electric heating glass 10 of the present invention shown in the plan view of FIG. 1 and the top view of FIG. 2 is manufactured by the above steps.

The electrically heated glass 10 described above is used, for example, as follows. Here, as one example, the case where the electrically heated glass 10 is applied to the front panel of a car will be described. A conceptual explanatory view is shown in FIG.
The electrically heated glass 10 is disposed at the front panel of the car. At this time, the power supply 30 is connected to the power supply connection terminal 26, and by closing the switch 50, current is supplied to the heat generation band 23 of the heat generation portion 22 through the bus bar electrode 21 to generate heat by Joule heat. The power source 30 is not particularly limited as long as it can supply power necessary to dissolve or evaporate water droplets (clouding), freezing (frost) or the like, and any known direct current having an appropriate voltage, current, or frequency Alternatively, an AC power supply may be used. When using the heating glass 10 of the heat retention invention as a window of a car, it is possible to use a battery such as a lead storage battery or a lithium ion storage battery installed in the car. Of course, a dedicated power supply (battery, generator, etc.) may be used separately. Further, in the case of a railway vehicle powered by an electric motor, it is also possible to convert direct current or alternating current power supplied from an overhead wire into appropriate voltage and current for use. Further, in the case of a window of a building, a commercial AC power supply supplied to the building can be used by converting it into an appropriate voltage and current. Since the first panel 11 and the second panel 12 are heated by the heat generation of the heat generation band 23, the temperature of the electrically heated glass 10 functioning as the front panel is increased, and the freezing and the fogging are eliminated. At this time, since the width of the gap 25 is suppressed to a small size, the portion of the gap 25 is also sufficiently heated, and the heating unevenness is suppressed, so that the unevenness of freezing and fogging can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the plurality of gaps 25 are formed in the heat generating portion 22. That is, as indicated by a straight arrow in FIG. 4, the transmission of the radio wave inside and outside the vehicle is not hindered through the gap 25 and transmission and reception are performed smoothly.

  As described above, according to the heating glass 10, uneven heating is suppressed while smoothly transmitting and receiving radio waves in and out of the room.

The figure which demonstrates another form to FIG. 5 was shown the figure showing the layer structure of the electrically-conductive heating glass 110. FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 5, in the present embodiment, the base layer 13 is not provided, and the heating electrode device 20 is disposed on the side of the adhesive layer 12 opposite to the side on which the first panel 11 is disposed. 14 is provided. The other aspects are the same as the above-described electric heating glass 10, and therefore the description thereof is omitted here.
Even with such a conductive heating glass 110, since the heating electrode device 20 is included, the same effect as the above-described conductive heating glass 10 can be obtained. It is possible to reduce the number of layers in the electrically heated glass 110 more than in the electrically heated glass 10.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 electric current heating glass 11 1st panel 12 adhesive layer 13 base material layer 14 adhesive layer 15 2nd panel 20 heating electrode apparatus 21 bus-bar electrode 22 heat-emitting part 23 tropics 25 gap 30 power supply

Claims (3)

A heating electrode device used for glass which is heated by energization.
A plurality of bus bar electrodes arranged in a pair at intervals;
And a heat generating portion disposed across the plurality of bus bar electrodes,
The heat generating portion has a heat generating conductor formed in a mesh shape, and the heat generating conductor includes a plurality of heat generating bands in which the outer contour of the mesh of the ridge extends in the longitudinal direction and is formed in a band shape.
The plurality of heat generating bands are arranged with a gap in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of the heat generating band ,
The heating electrode device, wherein the gaps have a width of 1.2 mm or more and 8 mm or less and are arranged in a direction different from the longitudinal direction of the heat generation band . Having a substrate layer,
The heating electrode device according to claim 1, wherein the bus bar electrode and the heat generating portion are disposed on one surface of the base material layer. A first panel that transmits light,
A second panel for transmitting light spaced with respect to the first panel;
Electric heating glass provided with the heating electrode apparatus of Claim 1 arrange | positioned at the said space | interval of the said 1st panel and the said 2nd panel.

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