JP6526864B2 - 超音波による神経調節システム - Google Patents
超音波による神経調節システム Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1及び図2は、1つの実施形態に従った超音波によるアブレーションシステム100を示す。図示のように、システム10は、カテーテル12であって、近位端部20及び遠位端部22と、カテーテルの遠位端部に沿って拡張可能な部材14(例えば、バルーン)と、拡張可能な部材14内に位置決めされた1つ又は複数の超音波トランスデューサー16とを有するカテーテル12を備えることができる。システムの近位部分は、ハンドル8と、1つ又は複数のコネクタ又はカップリング(例えば、システムを発電機に接続する電気的カップリング32、システムを冷却流体等と流体連通させる1つ又は複数のポート34等)とを有することができる。
上述したように、本明細書に記載の超音波処置システムは、ガイドワイヤの使用を問わず、被験者の標的解剖学的部位に送達されるように構成することができる。図3は、ガイドワイヤを介して送達されるように構成されている、超音波によるアブレーションシステム100の遠位端部の断面図を示す。図示のように、超音波トランスデューサー16は、円筒形の管44の内面及び外面それぞれに沿って内部電極46及び外部電極48を有する、圧電材料(例えば、PZT、ジルコン酸チタン酸鉛等)を含む円筒形の管44を有することができる。圧電材料は、作動すると、円筒形の管44の長手方向に対して横断方向に(例えば、径方向に)振動する。
図5は、1つの実施形態に従った、超音波によるアブレーションシステム100の、拡張可能な部材(例えば、バルーン)14及び超音波トランスデューサー16の部分断面図を示す。図5に示されているように、いくつかの実施形態において、超音波トランスデューサー16は、(例えば、血管を囲む隣接する神経組織に向かって)径方向に放射される音響エネルギーの均一な分布をもたらすように均一かつ円筒形の外径部及び内径部を有する。いくつかの実施形態において、トランスデューサー16の外面及び内面は、互いと同軸かつ平行である。そのような構成は、使用時に概ね等しい音響エネルギープロファイルがトランスデューサーによって送達されることを確実にするのを助けることができる。したがって、より多くの量の加熱が処置部位の1つの周領域及び/又は長手方向領域に沿って観測される、超音波エネルギーの局在化ホットスポットが排除される(又はそのホットスポットの可能性が減る)。さらに、本明細書中で述べたように、バルーン又は他の拡張可能な部材14の隣接部分もまた、拡張時に、円筒形のトランスデューサーの外面及び内面が拡張バルーンの壁と概ね平行であるように均一及び/又は平坦な外形を有することができる。そのような特徴は、トランスデューサーによって送達される音響エネルギーが、バルーンにおいて及び/又はバルーンと組織との界面においてほとんど又は全く撓むことなく、径方向外側に移動することを確実にするのを助けることができる。
本明細書中で説明したように、超音波トランスデューサー16は、入力電気エネルギーを、(例えば、標的神経組織に向けて又は血管壁に隣接した他の組織に向けて)径方向外側に送達される超音波エネルギーに変換することができる。いくつかの実施形態において、超音波トランスデューサーに関して、力率、又は、電気エネルギーから、生成される音響エネルギーへの変換率は、比較的低いものとすることができる。そのため、電源によって送出される電力の大部分は廃熱として失われる可能性がある。したがって、1つの実施形態において、超音波システムの効率を高めるために、電気導体(例えば、トランスデューサーを電源に電気的に接続する1つ又は複数の電気ケーブル28)の電気インピーダンスを超音波トランスデューサー44の電気インピーダンスに整合又は(例えば、約0%〜10%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%、0.5%〜1%、1%〜2%、2%〜3%、3%〜4%、4%〜5%、5%〜6%、6%〜7%、7%〜8%、8%〜9%、9%〜10%等内で)実質的に整合させることができる。そのため、いくつかの実施形態において、ケーブルのインピーダンス値とトランスデューサーのインピーダンス値とを整合又は実質的に整合させることによって、システムの電気負荷により、システムの電気的な非効率を減らすか又は最小限に抑えることを助けることができると同時に、トランスデューサーに伝達される電力の量を高めるか又は最大限にすることができる。
図7は、カテーテル12内に位置決めされた少なくとも2つの流体管腔26a、26bを有する、カテーテルによる超音波システム100の1つの実施形態を概略的に示す。図示のように、カテーテルの各管腔26a、26bは、別個の流体移送装置(例えば、ポンプ)と流体連通させて配置される。さらに、再び図1を参照すると、各管腔26a、26bは、ポート34a、34b(例えば、ルアーフィッティング、他の標準又は非標準のカップリング等)を介して対応するポンプ又は他の流体移送装置(図示せず)と流体連通することができる。したがって、冷却流体を血管内に射出、注入又は別様に送達して、トランスデューサー、及び/又は、処置部位における又は処置部位近くの他のエリアから熱を取り去ることができる。本明細書中で説明されているように、そのような熱移動により、被験者の隣接組織(例えば、システムが配置される血管の壁)を保護することができ、使用時に(例えば、安全上及び/又は性能上の理由から)トランスデューサーを所望の温度範囲内に維持するのを助けること等ができる。
本明細書中で開示された種々のシステムと接続される、冷却流体の収容に用いられるIVバッグは、(例えば、カテーテルの2つの流体管腔26に嵌合する)2つの出口ポートを有することができる。しかしながら、他の実施形態において、図8に示されているように、IVバッグ200は、単一の入口/出口ポート210のみを有して構成されている。そのような実施形態において、二重管腔スパイク又はカップリング74がIVバッグ200のポート210内に挿入されて、流体がバッグに移送されること及びバッグから移送されることの双方を可能にすることができる。これにより、単一ポートIVバッグを、バッグ自体を設計変更することなく有効に二重ポートIVバッグにすることができる。
いくつかの実施形態において、バルーン又は他の拡張可能な部材14を膨張させる前に、超音波トランスデューサー16を作動させて血管の直径を測定することができる。これは、単一の(又は異なる数の)超音波を送出するとともに、信号がトランスデューサー表面に戻る(例えば、はね返る)のに必要とされる時間を記録することによって、達成することができる。したがって、いくつかの実施形態において、本システムの制御システムは、(例えば、トランスデューサーの外側において又はトランスデューサーの外側に沿って)音響エネルギーの放射及び検出の双方を行うように構成することができる。所望の治療場所における血管(例えば、腎動脈)の直径を検出することによって、臨床医は、処置に対して何らかの必要な調整(例えば、どのサイズのバルーンを使用すべきか、どの程度のエネルギーを被験者に送達すべきか、また、どのくらいの時間か等)を行うことができる。
本明細書中で開示されている実施形態のうちのいずれにおいても、本システムは、多様な形状を有する超音波トランスデューサーを備えることができる。トランスデューサーは、所望又は所要に応じて、円筒形又は非円筒形とすることができる。例えば、いくつかの実施形態において、トランスデューサーは少なくとも部分的に、砂時計形状、バーベル形状、凸形状若しくは凸面、凹形状若しくは凹面及び円錐形状、不規則形状等を有する。
いくつかの実施形態によれば、図9〜図15に示されているように、カテーテル12は、カテーテルの中心線に対して概ねずれたガイドワイヤ管腔13dを有する。換言すれば、カテーテルのガイドワイヤ管腔13dは、カテーテルの中心線又は中心に沿っていない。そのような構成を、サイズ(5フレンチ、6フレンチ等)、タイプ(オーバーザワイヤ式、迅速交換式等)等と関係なく、任意のカテーテル設計に組み入れることができる。例えば、そのようなカテーテルを、本明細書中で開示されたいずれかの処置システム又はその変形形態に組み入れることができる。本明細書中でより詳細に説明されるように、ガイドワイヤ管腔のオフセット配向により、特定のカテーテル外径を所与として他の管腔(例えば、流体送達管腔及び/又は流体戻し管腔)13b、13c(例えば、図16及び図17を参照)が拡大することを可能にすることができる。
Claims (4)
- 超音波による血管内アブレーションシステムであって、
少なくとも1つの流体管腔を有するカテーテルと、
前記カテーテルの遠位端部に位置決めされたバルーンであって、当該バルーンの内部が前記カテーテルの前記少なくとも1つの流体管腔と流体連通しており、流体が前記カテーテルの前記少なくとも1つの流体管腔を通って前記内部に送達されると膨張するように構成されているバルーンと、
前記バルーン内に位置決めされた超音波トランスデューサーであって、該超音波トランスデューサーは、内面及び外面を有し、該超音波トランスデューサーは、前記内面に隣接した内部スペースにて前記バルーンの内部と流体連通する、超音波トランスデューサーと、
前記内部スペースを画定し、前記超音波トランスデューサーの内面に電気エネルギーを供給するスタンドオフと、
を有し、
前記超音波トランスデューサーは、前記外面に段が形成されており、前記段の遠位側に主外径を有する主円筒部分を有し、前記段の近位側に前記主円筒部分より厚みの薄い近位端部分を有し、
前記スタンドオフの少なくとも一部は、前記近位端部分に重なるように配置されており、
前記超音波トランスデューサーの近位端面から、前記スタンドオフと前記超音波トランスデューサーの前記内面との接続部の遠位端までの距離X1が、前記超音波トランスデューサーの近位端面から前記段までの距離X2よりも長く、
前記近位端部分の前記外面に、前記超音波トランスデューサーに前記電気エネルギーを供給する導体が形成されている、
血管内アブレーションシステム。 - 請求項1に記載の血管内アブレーションシステムにおいて、
前記導体は、前記段差内に位置している、
血管内アブレーションシステム。 - 請求項1に記載の血管内アブレーションシステムにおいて、
前記導体は、前記カテーテルを通して延在するケーブルである、
血管内アブレーションシステム。 - 請求項1に記載の血管内アブレーションシステムにおいて、
前記近位端部分は円形の外径を有する、
血管内アブレーションシステム。
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| US20140277033A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
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| CN105188848A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| EP3799931B1 (en) | 2024-11-06 |
| CN106178294B (zh) | 2018-11-20 |
| JP2016515014A (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
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