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JP6533734B2 - Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
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JP6533734B2 - Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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JP6533734B2
JP6533734B2 JP2015213392A JP2015213392A JP6533734B2 JP 6533734 B2 JP6533734 B2 JP 6533734B2 JP 2015213392 A JP2015213392 A JP 2015213392A JP 2015213392 A JP2015213392 A JP 2015213392A JP 6533734 B2 JP6533734 B2 JP 6533734B2
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好喜 岩田
好喜 岩田
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JX Nippon Mining and Metals Corp
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Description

本発明は、リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極及びリチウムイオン電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries, a positive electrode for lithium ion batteries, and a lithium ion battery.

リチウムイオン電池の正極活物質には、一般にリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物が用いられている。具体的には、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn24)等であり、特性改善(高容量化、サイクル特性、保存特性、内部抵抗低減、レート特性)や安全性を高めるためにこれらを複合化することが進められている。車載用やロードレベリング用といった大型用途におけるリチウムイオン電池には、これまでの携帯電話用やパソコン用とは異なった特性が求められている。 A lithium-containing transition metal oxide is generally used as a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion battery. Specifically, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), and the like are improved in characteristics (higher capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, internal resistance reduction). It is advanced to combine these in order to enhance the rate characteristics and the safety. Lithium ion batteries in large-sized applications such as in-vehicle applications and load leveling applications are required to have different characteristics from those in conventional mobile phones and personal computers.

近年、サイクル特性が良く、抵抗が低く、高出力が得られる正極活物質が注目されており、特に低抵抗化を実現する方法として正極活物質に異元素を添加して活物質粒子の表面を修飾する技術が知られている。このような異元素としては、とりわけ、W、Mo、Nb、Ta、Re等の高価数をとることができる遷移金属が有用とされ、この中でも特に、W、Nb等が有効であるとされている。   In recent years, positive electrode active materials that have good cycle characteristics, low resistance, and high output are attracting attention, and in particular, as a method for achieving low resistance, different elements are added to the positive electrode active material to make the surface of active material particles Techniques for modification are known. As such a foreign element, particularly, transition metals capable of taking an expensive number of metals such as W, Mo, Nb, Ta, Re and the like are useful, and among them, W, Nb and the like are particularly effective. There is.

このような異元素の中で、特にWについては、焼成前のLi塩混合時にWO3を添加し、Li2WO4の組成を有する微細粒子を活物質粒子の表面に存在させることで、電池の出力が改善することが特許文献1に記載されている。 Among such different elements, particularly for W, the battery is added with WO 3 at the time of Li salt mixing before firing to make fine particles having the composition of Li 2 WO 4 present on the surface of the active material particles. Patent Document 1 describes that the output of the above is improved.

また、サイクル特性を向上させるために、AlやNbを含有するイオン導電性化合物を粒子状又は層状にして活物質粒子の表面に付着させることで表面修飾する技術が提案されている。   Further, in order to improve the cycle characteristics, there has been proposed a technique of surface modification by attaching an ion conductive compound containing Al or Nb in the form of particles or layers to the surface of active material particles.

特開2012−079464号公報JP 2012-079464 A 特開2011−023121号公報JP 2011-023121 A

特許文献1では、活物質を構成する一次粒子表面に、W及びLiを含む微細粒子(1〜100nmのサブミクロンサイズ以下の粒子)を形成させることで、正極抵抗を低減して出力特性を向上させることができると記載されている。しかしながら、当該微細粒子は表面積が大きく、電解液との接触により局所的に印加電圧がかかり、充放電を繰り返すと当該微細粒子が選択的に劣化する問題がある。さらに、二次粒子の空隙が大きいことから粒子の形状を維持することが難しいという問題もある。   In patent document 1, positive electrode resistance is reduced and output characteristics are improved by forming fine particles (particles of 1 to 100 nm submicron size or less) containing W and Li on the primary particle surface constituting the active material. It is stated that it can be However, the fine particles have a large surface area, and an applied voltage is locally applied by contact with the electrolytic solution, and there is a problem that the fine particles are selectively deteriorated when charge and discharge are repeated. Furthermore, there is also a problem that it is difficult to maintain the shape of the particles because the voids of the secondary particles are large.

また、引用文献2には、Al含有化合物、とりわけLiAlO2が、活物質二次粒子より小さい状態で、表面に分散されていることでサイクル特性が向上すると記載されている。しかしながら、LiAlO2は活物質を構成する化合物と均一に混合されているに過ぎない状態であり、その効用については明示されていない。 In addition, it is described in cited reference 2 that the cycle characteristics are improved by dispersing the Al-containing compound, in particular, LiAlO 2 on the surface in a state smaller than the secondary particles of the active material. However, LiAlO 2 is only in a state of being uniformly mixed with the compound constituting the active material, and its utility is not specified.

これまでの知見から、Li2WO4及びLiAlO2それぞれの添加物について検討されているが、Li2WO4の微細粒子被覆の外側に、うまくLiAlO2を被覆する技術は存在しなかった。これは、Li2WO4微細粒子の比表面積が大きいため、その上にさらに外殻(シェル)を形成しようとすると、湿式法でも乾式法でも、Li2WO4微細粒子部分の付着力が大きく局所的にLiAlO2を被覆することになってしまうためである。Li2WO4によって電池の出力特性は向上するものの、前述の通りサイクル特性は悪化するため、Alを被覆する等して高出力時のサイクル特性を改善することが求められている。しかしながら、これまでは被覆が不均一であり、または、最外殻のリチウムイオン伝導性が低い等の理由から、電池の出力とサイクル特性とを同時に満足できる正極活物質を提供できていなかった。 From the findings so far, although the additives of Li 2 WO 4 and LiAlO 2 have been studied, there has been no technology for successfully coating LiAlO 2 outside the fine particle coating of Li 2 WO 4 . This is because the specific surface area of the Li 2 WO 4 fine particles is large, and if an outer shell (shell) is to be further formed thereon, the adhesion of the Li 2 WO 4 fine particle portion is large either by the wet method or the dry method. It is because it will coat LiAlO 2 locally. Although the output characteristics of the battery are improved by Li 2 WO 4 , as described above, the cycle characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, it is required to improve the cycle characteristics at high output by coating Al or the like. However, until now, it has not been possible to provide a positive electrode active material which can simultaneously satisfy the output of the battery and the cycle characteristics because the coating is uneven or the lithium ion conductivity in the outermost shell is low.

そこで、本発明は、電池の出力特性及びサイクル特性がいずれも良好な表面修飾されたリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を提供することを課題とする。   Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries in which both the output characteristics and cycling characteristics of the battery were favorable.

本発明者は、このような問題を解決するため種々の検討を行った結果、活物質の3bサイト(遷移金属サイト)にWを存在させ、且つ、活物質の表面修飾に、微細粒子(1〜100nmのサブミクロンサイズ以下の粒子)であるLi2WO4を用いずに、Liと、AlまたはNbとの複合酸化物で構成された第2の複合酸化物を存在させることで、電池の出力特性及びサイクル特性がいずれも良好な表面修飾されたリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を提供することができることを見出した。 As a result of conducting various studies to solve such a problem, the present inventor makes W exist at the 3b site (transition metal site) of the active material, and fine particles (1 (A particle of less than 100 nm in submicron size), by using a second composite oxide composed of a composite oxide of Li and Al or Nb, without using Li 2 WO 4 It has been found that it is possible to provide a surface-modified positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries in which both the output characteristics and the cycle characteristics are good.

上記知見を基礎にして完成した本発明は一側面において、Li、Ni、Co、Mn及びWを含有する第1の複合酸化物の粒子表面に、Liと、AlまたはNbとの複合酸化物で構成された第2の複合酸化物が存在するリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質である。   The present invention completed based on the above findings, in one aspect, is a composite oxide of Li and Al or Nb on the particle surface of the first composite oxide containing Li, Ni, Co, Mn and W. It is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery in which the configured second composite oxide is present.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は一実施形態において、前記第1の複合酸化物が、
組成式:LiaNibCocMndeM1f2
(前記式において、M1はAlまたはNbであり、1.0≦a≦1.05、0.4≦b≦0.9、0.05≦c≦0.3、0.03≦d≦0.4、0<e≦0.005、0<f/(b+c+d+e)≦0.01)
で表される。
In one embodiment of the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, the first composite oxide is
Composition formula: Li a Ni b Co c Mn d W e M1 f O 2
(In the above formula, M 1 is Al or Nb, 1.0 ≦ a ≦ 1.05, 0.4 ≦ b ≦ 0.9, 0.05 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.03 ≦ d ≦ 0 .4, 0 <e ≦ 0.005, 0 <f / (b + c + d + e) ≦ 0.01)
Is represented by

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は別の一実施形態において、前記第1の複合酸化物が岩塩層状構造であり、前記第2の複合酸化物が粒径10〜100nmである。   In another embodiment of the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, the first composite oxide has a rock salt layered structure, and the second composite oxide has a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は更に別の一実施形態において、前記第2の複合酸化物が、LiAlO2又はLiNbO3である。 In still another embodiment of the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, the second composite oxide is LiAlO 2 or LiNbO 3 .

本発明は別の一側面において、本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を有するリチウムイオン電池用正極である。   The present invention, in another aspect, is a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery comprising the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention.

本発明は更に別の一側面において、本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極を有するリチウムイオン電池である。   The present invention, in still another aspect, is a lithium ion battery having the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery of the present invention.

本発明によれば、電池の出力特性及びサイクル特性がいずれも良好な表面修飾されたリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries in which the output characteristic and cycling characteristics of a battery were favorable can be provided.

(リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の構成)
本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、Li、Ni、Co、Mn及びWを含有する第1の複合酸化物の粒子表面に、Liと、AlまたはNbとの複合酸化物で構成された第2の複合酸化物が存在するリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質である。
(Configuration of positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery)
The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention is composed of a composite oxide of Li and Al or Nb on the particle surface of a first composite oxide containing Li, Ni, Co, Mn and W. It is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery in which a second composite oxide is present.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、表面修飾されるコアとなる第1の複合酸化物が、Wを含有する。このように、表面修飾されるコアとなる第1の複合酸化物の3bサイト(遷移金属サイト)にWを存在させているため、電池の初期容量が高く、サイクル特性が良好となる。また、Ni3+イオンの状態は不安定なため、カチオンミキシングが起こりやすくなるが、本発明では、第1の複合酸化物においてNiの一部をWで置換しているため、正極活物質として安定な構造となっている。 In the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, the first composite oxide to be the core to be surface-modified contains W. As described above, since W is present at the 3b site (transition metal site) of the first complex oxide to be the surface-modified core, the initial capacity of the battery is high, and the cycle characteristics are good. In addition, since the state of the Ni 3+ ion is unstable, cation mixing is likely to occur, but in the present invention, since a part of Ni is substituted with W in the first complex oxide, as a positive electrode active material It has a stable structure.

また、本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、表面修飾されるコアとなる第1の複合酸化物を、微細粒子Li2WO4を用いずに、イオン導電性のあるLiと、AlまたはNbとの複合酸化物で構成された第2の複合酸化物で修飾することで(第1の複合酸化物の粒子表面に第2の複合酸化物を存在させることで)、活物質粒子の界面抵抗の増加を抑えることで劣化を抑制させ、低抵抗力を実現することができる。これにより、電池の出力特性及びサイクル特性が良好となる。 In the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the present invention, the first composite oxide to be the core to be surface-modified is formed of Li having an ionic conductivity and Al or Al without using fine particles Li 2 WO 4. By modifying with a second composite oxide composed of a composite oxide with Nb (by causing the second composite oxide to exist on the particle surface of the first composite oxide), the interface of the active material particles is obtained. By suppressing the increase in resistance, deterioration can be suppressed and low resistance can be realized. This improves the output characteristics and cycle characteristics of the battery.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、第1の複合酸化物が、
組成式:LiaNibCocMndeM1f2
(前記式において、M1はAlまたはNbであり、1.0≦a≦1.05、0.4≦b≦0.9、0.05≦c≦0.3、0.03≦d≦0.4、0<e≦0.005、0<f/(b+c+d+e)≦0.01)
で表されるのが好ましい。
リチウムの比率が1.0〜1.05であるが、これは、1.0未満では、安定した結晶構造を保持し難く、1.05超では電池の高容量が確保できなくなるおそれがあるためである。また、ニッケルの組成が0.4〜0.9であるため、当該リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を用いたリチウムイオン電池の容量、出力、安全性の三つがバランスよく向上する。より好ましくは0.5〜0.9、より好ましくは0.75〜0.9である。また、Wは表面修飾されるコアとなる第1の複合酸化物においてNiの一部を置換している。さらに、AlまたはNbであるM1は、コアとなる第1の複合酸化物の粒子表面に存在し、好ましくは組成比でNi、Co、Mn及びWの合計に対して、0より大きく且つ0.01未満(上記0<f/(b+c+d+e)≦0.01)に制御されている。表面修飾する第2の複合酸化物のAlまたはNb(M1)の組成が、Ni、Co、Mn及びWの合計に対して0.01を超えると表面被覆の厚みが増え、イオン導電性が低下するという問題が生じるおそれがある。第2の複合酸化物としては、例えば、α型やγ型のLiAlO2又はLiNbO3を用いることができる。
In the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, the first composite oxide is
Composition formula: Li a Ni b Co c Mn d W e M1 f O 2
(In the above formula, M 1 is Al or Nb, 1.0 ≦ a ≦ 1.05, 0.4 ≦ b ≦ 0.9, 0.05 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.03 ≦ d ≦ 0 .4, 0 <e ≦ 0.005, 0 <f / (b + c + d + e) ≦ 0.01)
It is preferably represented by
The ratio of lithium is 1.0 to 1.05, but if it is less than 1.0, it is difficult to maintain a stable crystal structure, and if it exceeds 1.05, there is a possibility that the high capacity of the battery can not be secured. It is. In addition, since the composition of nickel is 0.4 to 0.9, the capacity, output and safety of the lithium ion battery using the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries can be improved in a well-balanced manner. More preferably, it is 0.5-0.9, More preferably, it is 0.75-0.9. In addition, W substitutes a part of Ni in the first complex oxide to be the surface-modified core. Furthermore, M1 which is Al or Nb is present on the particle surface of the first composite oxide to be the core, and is preferably greater than 0 and 0. 0 with respect to the total of Ni, Co, Mn and W in composition ratio. It is controlled to be less than 01 (above 0 <f / (b + c + d + e) ≦ 0.01). When the composition of Al or Nb (M1) of the second composite oxide to be surface modified exceeds 0.01 with respect to the total of Ni, Co, Mn and W, the thickness of the surface coating increases and the ion conductivity decreases Problems may occur. As the second composite oxide, for example, α-type or γ-type LiAlO 2 or LiNbO 3 can be used.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、前記第1の複合酸化物が岩塩層状構造であり、第2の複合酸化物が粒径10〜100nmであるのが好ましい。ここで、第2の複合酸化物が粒径10nm未満であると正極材活物質と電解質材料とが反応する可能性があるためイオン導電性が十分に発揮しないことがある。一方、100nmを超えると被覆が不均一になり被覆のあるところとないところが共存するため、イオン導電性に濃淡ができ部分的な界面劣化を起こすなど界面抵抗の抑制が発揮しない場合がある。   In the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention, the first composite oxide preferably has a rock salt layered structure, and the second composite oxide preferably has a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm. Here, if the second composite oxide has a particle diameter of less than 10 nm, there is a possibility that the positive electrode active material and the electrolyte material may react with each other, so that the ion conductivity may not be sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 nm, the coating becomes nonuniform, and places with and without the coating coexist, so there may be cases in which suppression of interface resistance can not be exhibited, such as concentration of ion conductivity and partial interface deterioration.

正極材活物質の形状としては、例えば粒子形状を挙げることができ、中でも球状または楕円球状であることが好ましく、特に0.95〜1.00の円形度を有する形状が好ましい。また、その平均粒径は、例えば5〜15μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。さらに表面積は0.1〜0.5m2/gの範囲内であることが好ましい。 The shape of the positive electrode active material may be, for example, a particle shape. Among them, a spherical or elliptical spherical shape is preferable, and a shape having a circularity of 0.95 to 1.00 is particularly preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the average particle diameter is in the range of 5-15 micrometers, for example. Furthermore, the surface area is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 m 2 / g.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、平均粒径(メディアン径:D50)が5〜15μmであるのが好ましい。5μm未満では粒子充填性が悪化し、電極密度の低下という問題が生じるおそれがある。また、15μmを超えると共沈前駆体の表面亀裂、粒子割れという問題が生じるおそれがある。平均粒径(メディアン径:D50)は、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により、体積基準の累積粒度分布における50%累積時の粒径を測定することで求めることができる。   The positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the present invention preferably has an average particle diameter (median diameter: D50) of 5 to 15 μm. If it is less than 5 μm, the particle packing property may be deteriorated, and there may be a problem that the electrode density may be reduced. If it exceeds 15 μm, problems such as surface cracking and particle cracking of the coprecipitated precursor may occur. The average particle diameter (median diameter: D50) can be determined by measuring the particle diameter at 50% accumulation in the cumulative particle size distribution based on volume by a laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring method.

本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、比表面積が0.1〜0.5m2/gであるのが好ましい。比表面積が0.1m2/g未満ではリチウム化合物との合成時にリチウム化合物との反応性が悪くなり、十分に反応が進行せず、昇温過程でリチウム化合物が溶融し凝集を引き起こしてしまうという問題が生じるおそれがある。また、比表面積が0.5m2/gを超えると第2の複合酸化物が不均一に存在しているという問題が生じるおそれがある。比表面積は、一般的な窒素ガス吸着法によって、BET比表面積として測定することができる。 The positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the present invention preferably has a specific surface area of 0.1 to 0.5 m 2 / g. If the specific surface area is less than 0.1 m 2 / g, the reactivity with the lithium compound deteriorates at the time of synthesis with the lithium compound, the reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and the lithium compound melts and causes aggregation in the temperature rising process. There is a risk of problems. In addition, when the specific surface area exceeds 0.5 m 2 / g, there may be a problem that the second composite oxide is present nonuniformly. The specific surface area can be measured as a BET specific surface area by a general nitrogen gas adsorption method.

(リチウムイオン電池用正極及びそれを有するリチウムイオン電池の構成)
本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極は、例えば、上述の構成のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質と、導電助剤と、バインダーとを混合して調製した正極合剤をアルミニウム箔等からなる集電体の片面または両面に設けた構造を有している。また、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池は、このような構成のリチウムイオン電池用正極を備えている。
(Configuration of positive electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery having the same)
The positive electrode for a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention is, for example, a positive electrode mixture prepared by mixing the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having the above-mentioned configuration, a conductive support agent and a binder The structure is provided on one side or both sides of the current collector. Further, a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery having such a configuration.

(リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法)
次に、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法について詳細に説明する。
(Method of producing positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery)
Next, a method of manufacturing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.

まず、ニッケル源、コバルト源、マンガン源、タングステン源として、例えば、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、所定のモル比で含む水溶液、アンモニア水、苛性ソーダ水を用意する。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、49〜51℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製する。その後、温度、pHを調節して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させる。さらに、反応槽pHが12以上になるように例えば苛性ソーダ水で調節しながら撹拌し、共沈中間体を作製し、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得る。
次に、得られた共沈前駆体をLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W)が所定の比となるように例えば炭酸リチウムとともに酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、500〜700℃で2〜10時間焼成後、720〜800℃で2〜10時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得る。次に、得られた焼成中間体に例えば水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.2〜0.8モル%となるように調整する。また、このときNb源を投入してNbがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.2〜0.8モル%となるように調整してもよい。
次に、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、600〜700℃で2〜5時間焼成後、750〜850℃で2〜10時間焼成する。
また、焼成中間体表面にゾルゲル法により作製した表面修飾酸化物を形成することで、正極活物質を作製してもよい。
その後、必要であれば、焼成体を例えばパルベライザー等を用いて解砕することにより正極活物質の粉体を得る。
First, as a nickel source, a cobalt source, a manganese source and a tungsten source, for example, an aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate and sodium tungstate in a predetermined molar ratio, ammonia water and caustic soda are prepared. Next, stirring is performed at 49 to 51 ° C. to produce seed crystals while charging these solutions into one reaction tank while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11. Thereafter, the temperature and pH are adjusted to grow particles while stirring. Furthermore, stirring is performed while adjusting with, for example, caustic soda water so that the reaction tank pH becomes 12 or more, a coprecipitated intermediate is produced, and a coprecipitated precursor is obtained by filtering and washing with water.
Next, the obtained coprecipitated precursor is put into a calciner of oxygen atmosphere together with, for example, lithium carbonate so that Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W) becomes a predetermined ratio, and calcined at 500 to 700 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours. The calcined intermediate is obtained by baking at 800 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours. Next, for example, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained fired intermediate to adjust so that Al is 0.2 to 0.8 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W. At this time, an Nb source may be introduced to adjust Nb to 0.2 to 0.8 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W.
Next, after mixing lithium carbonate, it is put into a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere, baked at 600 to 700 ° C. for 2 to 5 hours, and baked at 750 to 850 ° C. for 2 to 10 hours.
Alternatively, the positive electrode active material may be produced by forming a surface modified oxide produced by a sol-gel method on the surface of the fired intermediate.
Thereafter, if necessary, the fired body is crushed using, for example, a pulperizer or the like to obtain a powder of the positive electrode active material.

以下、本発明及びその利点をより良く理解するための実施例を提供するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限られるものではない。   The following provides examples to better understand the invention and its advantages, but the invention is not limited to these examples.

以下、実施例1〜13、比較例1〜6の作製方法を示す。組成及び重量比は表1に示す通りである。   Hereinafter, production methods of Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 will be described. The composition and weight ratio are as shown in Table 1.

(実施例1)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=7.99:1:1:0.01のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させた。さらに、反応槽pHが12以上になるように苛性ソーダ水で調節しながら撹拌し、共沈中間体を作製し、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。
次に、得られた共沈前駆体をLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W)=1.005となるように炭酸リチウムとともに酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、750℃で5時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得た。次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるように調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
Example 1
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate at a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 7.99: 1: 1: 0.01, 14 mol / L aqueous ammonia, 14 mol / L Prepared caustic soda water. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and pH were adjusted to allow particle growth while stirring. Furthermore, it stirred, adjusting with sodium hydroxide solution so that reaction tank pH might be 12 or more, the coprecipitation intermediate was produced, and the coprecipitation precursor was obtained by filtering and washing with water.
Next, the obtained coprecipitated precursor is placed in a calcining furnace under an oxygen atmosphere together with lithium carbonate so that Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W) = 1.005, calcined at 660 ° C. for 3 hours and calcined at 750 ° C. for 5 hours Thus, a calcined intermediate was obtained. Next, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained fired intermediate to adjust to 0.5 mol% of Al with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W, and after mixing lithium carbonate, oxygen atmosphere It was placed in a baking furnace, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and then baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例2)
実施例1にて作製した焼成中間体表面にゾルゲル法により作製したLiAlO2からなる表面修飾酸化物を以下に示す方法で形成した。
エタノール溶媒にリチウムアルコキシドおよびアルミナアルコキシドを溶解させ、その溶液を焼成中間体の表面に流動コーティング装置を用いてスプレーコートした。その後、350℃の乾燥機で乾燥させた。得られた乾燥物を酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。ただし、AlはNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるよう配合した。
(Example 2)
A surface modified oxide made of LiAlO 2 prepared by a sol-gel method was formed on the surface of the calcined intermediate prepared in Example 1 by the method described below.
Lithium alkoxide and alumina alkoxide were dissolved in ethanol solvent, and the solution was spray-coated on the surface of the calcined intermediate using a fluid coating apparatus. Then, it was made to dry with a 350 degreeC dryer. The obtained dried product was put in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and then baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01. However, Al was blended so as to be 0.5 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W.

(実施例3)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=7.98:0.98:0.99:0.05のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。以下実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体、次いで正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Example 3)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate in a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 7.98: 0.98: 0.99: 0.05, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. The powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor, a calcined intermediate, and then a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例4)
実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体を得、次に、得られた共沈前駆体をLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W)=0.98となるように炭酸リチウムとともに酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、750℃で5時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得た。次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるように調整し、正極材活物質の組成比がLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.00となるよう炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.00であった。
(Example 4)
Prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor, and then place the obtained coprecipitated precursor in an oxygen atmosphere calciner with lithium carbonate so that Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W) = 0.98 After baking at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, baking was performed at 750 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a baked intermediate. Next, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained calcined intermediate to adjust to 0.5 mol% of Al with respect to Ni, Co, Mn and W, and the composition ratio of the positive electrode active material is Li Lithium carbonate was mixed so that / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.00, and the mixture was put in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere, baked at 660 ° C for 3 hours, and baked at 800 ° C for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.00.

(実施例5)
実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体を得、次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるように調整し、正極材活物質の組成比がLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.04となるよう炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.04であった。
(Example 5)
Prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor and a calcined intermediate, and then adding aluminum hydroxide to the obtained calcined intermediate to obtain 0% of Al relative to Ni, Co, Mn, W The mixture is adjusted to 0.5 mol%, lithium carbonate is mixed so that the composition ratio of the positive electrode active material is Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.04, and the mixture is put in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere for 3 hours at 660 ° C. After firing, it was fired at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.04.

(実施例6)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=8.50:0.75:0.74:0.01のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。以下実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体、次いで正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Example 6)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate in a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 8.50: 0.75: 0.74: 0.01, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. The powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor, a calcined intermediate, and then a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例7)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=8.19:1.50:0.3:0.01のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。以下実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体、次いで正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Example 7)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate in molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 8.19: 1.50: 0.3: 0.01, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. The powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor, a calcined intermediate, and then a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例8)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=4.99:2.00:3.00:0.01のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。以下実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体、次いで正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Example 8)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate at a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 4.99: 2.00: 3.00: 0.01, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. The powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor, a calcined intermediate, and then a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例9)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=6.00:1.99:2.00:0.01のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。以下実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体、次いで正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Example 9)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate in a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 6.00: 1.99: 2.00: 0.01, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. The powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor, a calcined intermediate, and then a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例10)
実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体を得、次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.3モル%となるように調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01であった。
(Example 10)
Prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor and a calcined intermediate, and then adding aluminum hydroxide to the obtained calcined intermediate to obtain 0% of Al relative to Ni, Co, Mn, W The mixture was adjusted to 3 mol%, mixed with lithium carbonate, placed in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例11)
実施例1と同様に調製し、共沈前駆体、焼成中間体を得、次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.7モル%となるように調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01であった。
(Example 11)
Prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a coprecipitated precursor and a calcined intermediate, and then adding aluminum hydroxide to the obtained calcined intermediate to obtain 0% of Al relative to Ni, Co, Mn, W The mixture was adjusted to 7 mol%, mixed with lithium carbonate, placed in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(実施例12)
実施例1にて作製した焼成中間体表面にゾルゲル法により作製したLiNbO3からなる表面修飾酸化物を以下の方法で形成した。
エタノール溶媒にリチウムアルコキシドおよびペンタエトキニオブを溶解させ、その溶液を焼成中間体の表面に流動コーティング装置を用いてスプレーコートした。その後、350℃の乾燥機で乾燥させた。得られた乾燥物を酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Nb)=1.01となった。ただし、NbはNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるよう配合した。
(Example 12)
A surface modified oxide made of LiNbO 3 prepared by a sol-gel method was formed on the surface of the calcined intermediate prepared in Example 1 by the following method.
Lithium alkoxide and pentaethoxyquinobium were dissolved in ethanol solvent, and the solution was spray-coated on the surface of the calcined intermediate using a fluid coating apparatus. Then, it was made to dry with a 350 degreeC dryer. The obtained dried product was put in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and then baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Nb) = 1.01. However, Nb was blended so as to be 0.5 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W.

(実施例13)
実施例12と同様に表面修飾酸化物を形成し、同様にスプレーコート後、焼成、解砕し正極材活物質粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Nb)=1.01となった。ただし、NbはNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.3モル%となるよう配合した。
(Example 13)
A surface modified oxide was formed in the same manner as in Example 12, and similarly, after spray coating, it was fired and crushed to obtain a positive electrode active material powder. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Nb) = 1.01. However, Nb was blended so as to be 0.3 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W.

(比較例1)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガンを、Ni:Co:Mn=7.99:1:1のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させ、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。
次に、タングステン酸リチウムを、WがNi、Co、Mnに対して0.1モル%となるように、上記共沈前駆体と混合し、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、500℃で10時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得た。次に、得られた焼成中間体に、水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるよう調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Comparative example 1)
An aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate in a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn = 7.99: 1: 1, 14 mol / L ammonia water, and 14 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution were prepared. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and pH were adjusted to grow particles while stirring, and the coprecipitated precursor was obtained by filtration and washing with water.
Next, lithium tungstate is mixed with the above coprecipitated precursor such that W is 0.1 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, and Mn, and placed in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours at 500 ° C. The firing intermediate was obtained by firing. Next, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained fired intermediate to adjust to 0.5 mol% of Al with respect to Ni, Co, Mn and W, and after mixing lithium carbonate, oxygen atmosphere It was placed in a baking furnace, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and then baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(比較例2)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=7.99:1:1:0.01のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させ、共沈中間体を作製し、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。次に、実施例1と同様に焼成中間体、焼成物を作製し、正極材活物質を得た。
(Comparative example 2)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate at a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 7.99: 1: 1: 0.01, 14 mol / L aqueous ammonia, 14 mol / L Prepared caustic soda water. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and the pH were adjusted, and the particles were allowed to grow while stirring to prepare a coprecipitated intermediate, which was filtered and washed to obtain a coprecipitated precursor. Next, a baked intermediate and a baked product were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a positive electrode active material.

(比較例3)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=7.97:0.98:0.98:0.07のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させた。さらに、反応槽pHが12以上になるように苛性ソーダ水で調節しながら撹拌し、共沈中間体を作製し、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。
次に、得られた共沈前駆体をLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W)=1.005となるように炭酸リチウムとともに酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、750℃で5時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得た。次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるように調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Comparative example 3)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate in a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 7.97: 0.98: 0.98: 0.07, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and pH were adjusted to allow particle growth while stirring. Furthermore, it stirred, adjusting with sodium hydroxide solution so that reaction tank pH might be 12 or more, the coprecipitation intermediate was produced, and the coprecipitation precursor was obtained by filtering and washing with water.
Next, the obtained coprecipitated precursor is placed in a calcining furnace under an oxygen atmosphere together with lithium carbonate so that Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W) = 1.005, calcined at 660 ° C. for 3 hours and calcined at 750 ° C. for 5 hours Thus, a calcined intermediate was obtained. Next, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained fired intermediate to adjust to 0.5 mol% of Al with respect to Ni, Co, Mn, and W, and after mixing lithium carbonate, oxygen atmosphere It was placed in a baking furnace, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and then baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(比較例4)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガンを、Ni:Co:Mn=5.00:2.00:2.99モル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節 して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させ、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。
次に、タングステン酸リチウムを、WがNi、Co、Mnに対して0.1モル%となるように、上記共沈前駆体と混合し、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、500℃で10時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得た。次に、得られた焼成中間体に、水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mn、Wに対して0.5モル%となるよう調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W+Al)=1.01となった。
(Comparative example 4)
An aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate in a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn = 5.00: 2.00: 2.99, 14 mol / L ammonia water, and 14 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution were prepared. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and the pH were adjusted to grow particles while stirring, and the coprecipitated precursor was obtained by filtering and washing with water.
Next, lithium tungstate is mixed with the above coprecipitated precursor such that W is 0.1 mol% with respect to Ni, Co, and Mn, and placed in a baking furnace under an oxygen atmosphere for 10 hours at 500 ° C. The firing intermediate was obtained by firing. Next, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained fired intermediate to adjust to 0.5 mol% of Al with respect to Ni, Co, Mn and W, and after mixing lithium carbonate, oxygen atmosphere It was placed in a baking furnace, baked at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and then baked at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W + Al) = 1.01.

(比較例5)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガンを、Ni:Co:Mn=8.00:1:1のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させた。さらに、反応槽pHが12以上になるように苛性ソーダ水で調節しながら撹拌し、共沈中間体を作製し、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。
次に、得られた共沈前駆体をLi/(Ni+Co+Mn)=1.005となるように炭酸リチウムとともに酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、750℃で5時間焼成することで焼成中間体を得た。次に、得られた焼成中間体に水酸化アルミニウムを投入してAlがNi、Co、Mnに対して0.5モル%となるように調整し、炭酸リチウムを混合後、酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、800℃で3時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+Al)=1.01となった。
(Comparative example 5)
An aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and manganese sulfate at a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn = 8.00: 1: 1, 14 mol / L ammonia water, and 14 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution were prepared. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and pH were adjusted to allow particle growth while stirring. Furthermore, it stirred, adjusting with sodium hydroxide solution so that reaction tank pH might be 12 or more, the coprecipitation intermediate was produced, and the coprecipitation precursor was obtained by filtering and washing with water.
Next, the obtained coprecipitated precursor is placed in a calciner of oxygen atmosphere together with lithium carbonate so that Li / (Ni + Co + Mn) = 1.005, calcined at 660 ° C. for 3 hours and calcined at 750 ° C. for 5 hours Thus, a calcined intermediate was obtained. Next, aluminum hydroxide is added to the obtained fired intermediate to adjust to 0.5 mol% of Al with respect to Ni, Co and Mn, and after mixing lithium carbonate, a firing furnace in an oxygen atmosphere And calcined at 660 ° C. for 3 hours and then calcined at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed by a pulverizer to obtain a powder of a positive electrode active material. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + Al) = 1.01.

(比較例6)
硫酸ニッケル、硫酸コバルト、硫酸マンガン、タングステン酸ナトリウムを、Ni:Co:Mn:W=7.98:0.99:0.99:0.04のモル比で含む水溶液、14mol/Lのアンモニア水、14mol/Lの苛性ソーダ水を用意した。次に、反応槽pHが10〜11になるように管理しながら一つの反応槽にこれらの溶液を投入しつつ、50℃の状態で撹拌して種晶を作製した。その後、温度、pHを調節 して、撹拌しながら粒子成長させた。さらに、反応槽pHが12以上になるように苛性ソーダ水で調節しながら撹拌し、共沈中間体を作製し、ろ過・水洗することで共沈前駆体を得た。
次に、得られた共沈前駆体をLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W)=1.01となるように炭酸リチウムとともに酸素雰囲気の焼成炉に入れ、660℃で3時間焼成後、750℃で5時間焼成し、得られた焼成物をパルベライザーにて解砕することにより正極材活物質の粉体を得た。その組成比はLi/(Ni+Co+Mn+W)=1.01となった。
(Comparative example 6)
Aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium tungstate at a molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn: W = 7.98: 0.99: 0.99: 0.04, 14 mol / L ammonia water , 14 mol / L caustic soda water was prepared. Next, while controlling the reaction tank pH to be 10 to 11, these solutions were introduced into one reaction tank and stirred at 50 ° C. to produce seed crystals. Thereafter, the temperature and pH were adjusted to allow particle growth while stirring. Furthermore, it stirred, adjusting with sodium hydroxide solution so that reaction tank pH might be 12 or more, the coprecipitation intermediate was produced, and the coprecipitation precursor was obtained by filtering and washing with water.
Next, the obtained coprecipitated precursor is placed in a calciner of oxygen atmosphere together with lithium carbonate so that Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W) = 1.01, calcined at 660 ° C. for 3 hours, and calcined at 750 ° C. for 5 hours The powder of the positive electrode active material was obtained by crushing the obtained fired product with a pulverizer. The composition ratio was Li / (Ni + Co + Mn + W) = 1.01.

(評価)
こうしてできた実施例1〜13、比較例1〜6のサンプルを用いて下記の条件にて各評価を実施した。なお、表面被覆を確認する方法として、例えば、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)や、X線光電子分光法(XPS)等を用いて測定することができる。TEMにおいてはエネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析(EDX)と組み合わせ、正極材活物質断面から表面の被覆層や内層の状態を観測できる。XPSであれば、例えばArモノマーイオン銃によりスパッタすることで深さ方向分析を行い、Li、Ni、Co、Mn、WおよびAlまたはNb量を測定する。エッチングレートは、SiO2換算で、例えば0.5nm/min〜1nm/min程度である。本実施例において、具体的にはエッチングによる深さ分析を伴うXPS測定により、アルゴンガスを用いて正極活物質においてエッチングレート0.78nm/min(SiO2換算)とした。
(Evaluation)
Each evaluation was implemented on condition of the following using the sample of Examples 1-13 made in this way and Comparative Examples 1-6. In addition, as a method of confirming surface coating, it can measure, for example using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. In the TEM, in combination with energy dispersive fluorescent X-ray analysis (EDX), the state of the coating layer or the inner layer on the surface can be observed from the cross section of the positive electrode active material. In the case of XPS, depth direction analysis is performed by, for example, sputtering using an Ar monomer ion gun, and the amounts of Li, Ni, Co, Mn, W and Al or Nb are measured. The etching rate is, for example, about 0.5 nm / min to 1 nm / min in terms of SiO 2 . In this example, specifically, the etching rate was set to 0.78 nm / min (SiO 2 equivalent) in the positive electrode active material using argon gas by XPS measurement accompanied by depth analysis by etching.

−正極材組成の評価−
各正極材中の金属含有量を、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置(ICP−OES)で測定し、各金属の組成比(モル比)を算出した。また、酸素含有量はLECO法で測定し、いずれも組成式において「O2」であることを確認した。
-Evaluation of cathode material composition-
The metal content in each positive electrode material was measured with an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) to calculate the composition ratio (molar ratio) of each metal. In addition, the oxygen content was measured by the LECO method, and it was confirmed that all were “O 2 ” in the composition formula.

−第1の複合酸化物の結晶構造−
XRDの測定から、スピネル構造として代表されるLiMn24やLi4Mn512の回折ピークやNiOも確認できず、全ての実施例及び比較例について、単一相の岩塩層状構造であることが分かった。
-Crystal structure of first complex oxide-
The diffraction peaks and NiO of LiMn 2 O 4 and Li 4 Mn 5 O 12 typified as a spinel structure can not be confirmed from the measurement of XRD, and all the examples and comparative examples have a single-phase rock salt layered structure. I found that.

−正極活物質の平均粒径(D50)−
レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定法により、体積基準の累積粒度分布における50%累積時の粒径を測定することでメディアン径(D50)を求めた。
-Average particle size of positive electrode active material (D50)-
The median diameter (D50) was determined by measuring the particle size at 50% accumulation in the volume-based accumulated particle size distribution by a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measurement method.

−正極活物質の比表面積−
一般的な窒素ガス吸着法によって、BET比表面積を測定した。
-Specific surface area of positive electrode active material-
The BET specific surface area was measured by a general nitrogen gas adsorption method.

−第2の複合酸化物−
実施例1〜11、比較例5の正極材活物質の粉体の断面TEM−EDX分析から表面の第2の複合酸化物で構成された被覆層にAlが観測されたが、コアとなる第1の複合酸化物の組織には確認できなかった。一方、Wは被覆層やコアとなる第1の複合酸化物の組織にて検出できなかった。XPSでのエッチングによる深さ分析でも同様な結果となった。
実施例12〜13の正極材活物質の粉体の断面TEM−EDX分析から表面の第2の複合酸化物で構成された被覆層にNbが観測されたが、コアとなる第1の複合酸化物の組織には確認できなかった。一方、Wは被覆層やコアとなる第1の複合酸化物にて検出できなかった。XPSでのエッチングによる深さ分析でも同様な結果となった。
比較例1〜4の正極材活物質の粉体の断面TEM−EDX分析から表面の第2の複合酸化物で構成された被覆層にAlとWが観測され、タングステン酸リチウム(Li2WO4もしくはLi4WO5もしくはLi629)から成る粒子が確認できた。一方、コアとなる第1の複合酸化物の組織にはAlおよびWは確認できなかった。XPSでのエッチングによる深さ分析でも同様な結果となった。
比較例6の正極材活物質の粉体の断面TEM−EDX分析から表面の第2の複合酸化物で構成された被覆層およびコアとなる第1の複合酸化物の組織にAlおよびWは確認できなかった。XPSでのエッチングによる深さ分析でも同様な結果となった。
-Second complex oxide-
From the cross-sectional TEM-EDX analysis of the powder of the positive electrode material active material of Examples 1 to 11 and Comparative Example 5, Al was observed in the coating layer composed of the second composite oxide on the surface. It could not be confirmed in the structure of 1 complex oxide. On the other hand, W could not be detected in the structure of the first complex oxide to be the covering layer or the core. Similar results were obtained for etching depth analysis with XPS.
From the cross-sectional TEM-EDX analysis of the powders of the positive electrode active materials in Examples 12 to 13, Nb was observed in the coating layer composed of the second composite oxide on the surface, but the first composite oxidation serving as the core It could not be confirmed in the organization of goods. On the other hand, W could not be detected in the first composite oxide to be the covering layer or core. Similar results were obtained for etching depth analysis with XPS.
From the cross-sectional TEM-EDX analysis of the powder of the positive electrode material active material of Comparative Examples 1 to 4, Al and W are observed in the coating layer composed of the second composite oxide on the surface, and lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 Alternatively, particles consisting of Li 4 WO 5 or Li 6 W 2 O 9 ) could be identified. On the other hand, Al and W could not be confirmed in the structure of the first composite oxide to be the core. Similar results were obtained for etching depth analysis with XPS.
From the cross-sectional TEM-EDX analysis of the powder of the positive electrode material active material of Comparative Example 6, Al and W were confirmed in the coating layer composed of the second composite oxide on the surface and the structure of the first composite oxide to be the core could not. Similar results were obtained for etching depth analysis with XPS.

−電池特性(充放電容量、サイクル特性)の評価−
正極活物質と、導電材と、バインダー(PVDF)を94:3:3の割合で秤量し、バインダーを有機溶媒(N−メチルピロリドン)に溶解したものに、正極活物質と導電材とを混合してスラリー化し、Al箔上に塗布して乾燥後にプレスして正極とした。続いて、対極をLiとした評価用の対極Liコインセル(CR2032)を準備し、電解液に1M−LiPF6をEC−DMC(3:7)に溶解したものを用いて、25℃で1Cの放電電流で得られた初期放電容量と10サイクル後の放電容量とを比較することによってサイクル特性(容量維持率)を測定した。具体的な評価条件及び表1に記載の容量維持率と直流抵抗増加率の定義を以下に示す。
・初回充放電(初期容量):25℃、充電4.23V;0.2C;2.5h、放電3.0V;0.2C
・1C充放電サイクル:45℃、充電4.23V;1C;2.5h、放電3.0V;1C
・容量維持率:55℃雰囲気で充放電サイクル評価(充電4.23V;1C、放電1C;3.0Vcut)を行ったときの、1サイクル目に対する10サイクル目の放電容量の割合。
・直流抵抗増加率:55℃雰囲気で充放電サイクル評価(充電4.23V;1C、放電1C;3.0Vcut)を行ったときの、1サイクル目に対する10サイクル目の直流抵抗値の割合。
これらの結果を表1に示す。
-Evaluation of battery characteristics (charge / discharge capacity, cycle characteristics)-
Positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder (PVDF) was weighed at a ratio of 94: 3: 3, and the binder was dissolved in an organic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone), and the positive electrode active material and the conductive material were mixed. The slurry was formed into a slurry, applied onto an Al foil, dried and pressed into a positive electrode. Subsequently, a counter electrode Li coin cell (CR2032) for evaluation in which the counter electrode is Li is prepared, and 1C of 1C at 25 ° C. is used by dissolving 1M-LiPF 6 in EC-DMC (3: 7) in an electrolytic solution. The cycle characteristics (capacity maintenance rate) were measured by comparing the initial discharge capacity obtained by the discharge current with the discharge capacity after 10 cycles. Specific evaluation conditions and definitions of the capacity retention rate and the DC resistance increase rate described in Table 1 are shown below.
Initial charge / discharge (initial capacity): 25 ° C., charge 4.23 V; 0.2 C; 2.5 h, discharge 3.0 V; 0.2 C
・ 1C charge and discharge cycle: 45 ° C, charge 4.23V; 1C; 2.5h, discharge 3.0V; 1C
Capacity retention rate: The ratio of the discharge capacity at the 10th cycle to the 1st cycle when charge / discharge cycle evaluation (charge 4.23 V; 1 C, discharge 1 C; 3.0 Vcut) is performed in a 55 ° C. atmosphere.
DC resistance increase rate: The ratio of the DC resistance value of the 10th cycle to the 1st cycle when charge / discharge cycle evaluation (charge 4.23 V; 1 C, discharge 1 C; 3.0 V cut) is performed in a 55 ° C. atmosphere.
The results are shown in Table 1.

(評価結果)
実施例1〜13のサンプルは、いずれもLi、Ni、Co、Mn及びWを含有する第1の複合酸化物の粒子表面に、Liと、AlまたはNbとの複合酸化物で構成された第2の複合酸化物が存在するため、電池特性(初期容量、初期抵抗、サイクル特性)が良好であった。
比較例1および4では微細粒子ではない不均一なLi2WO4が被覆層に生成するため初期容量、初期抵抗、サイクル特性が不良であった。
比較例2では不均一なLi2WO4とLiAlO2が被覆層に共存するため、初期容量、初期抵抗、サイクル特性が不良であった。
比較例3では過多なLi2WO4が被覆層に生成するため初期抵抗、サイクル特性が不良であった。
比較例5は、第1の複合酸化物のコア粒子がWを含有しないため、初期抵抗が不良であった。
比較例6は、第2の複合酸化物で構成された被覆層にAl、Nbが存在しないため、初期容量、サイクル特性が不良であった。
(Evaluation results)
The samples of Examples 1 to 13 were each composed of a complex oxide of Li and Al or Nb on the particle surface of the first complex oxide containing all of Li, Ni, Co, Mn and W. The battery characteristics (initial capacity, initial resistance, cycle characteristics) were good because of the presence of the complex oxide 2.
In Comparative Examples 1 and 4, since the non-fine particles Li 2 WO 4 which are not fine particles are formed in the coating layer, the initial capacity, the initial resistance and the cycle characteristics are poor.
In Comparative Example 2, since the nonuniform Li 2 WO 4 and LiAlO 2 coexist in the coating layer, the initial capacity, initial resistance, and cycle characteristics were poor.
In Comparative Example 3, excessive Li 2 WO 4 was formed in the coating layer, so the initial resistance and cycle characteristics were poor.
In Comparative Example 5, the core particles of the first composite oxide did not contain W, so the initial resistance was poor.
In Comparative Example 6, since Al and Nb were not present in the coating layer formed of the second composite oxide, the initial capacity and the cycle characteristics were poor.

Claims (6)

Li、Ni、Co、Mn及びWを含有する第1の複合酸化物の粒子表面に、Liと、AlまたはNbとの複合酸化物で構成された第2の複合酸化物が存在するリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。   A lithium ion battery in which a second composite oxide composed of a composite oxide of Li and Al or Nb is present on the particle surface of a first composite oxide containing Li, Ni, Co, Mn and W. Positive electrode active material. 組成式:LiaNibCocMndeM1f2
(前記式において、M1はAlまたはNbであり、1.0≦a≦1.05、0.4≦b≦0.9、0.05≦c≦0.3、0.03≦d≦0.4、0<e≦0.005、0<f/(b+c+d+e)≦0.01)
で表される請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。
Composition formula: Li a Ni b Co c Mn d W e M1 f O 2
(In the above formula, M 1 is Al or Nb, 1.0 ≦ a ≦ 1.05, 0.4 ≦ b ≦ 0.9, 0.05 ≦ c ≦ 0.3, 0.03 ≦ d ≦ 0 .4, 0 <e ≦ 0.005, 0 <f / (b + c + d + e) ≦ 0.01)
The positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of Claim 1 represented by these.
前記第1の複合酸化物が岩塩層状構造であり、前記第2の複合酸化物が粒径10〜100nmである請求項1又は2に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。   The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first composite oxide has a rock salt layered structure, and the second composite oxide has a particle diameter of 10 to 100 nm. 前記第2の複合酸化物が、LiAlO2又はLiNbO3である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。 The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the second composite oxide is LiAlO 2 or LiNbO 3 . 請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を有するリチウムイオン電池用正極。   The positive electrode for lithium ion batteries which has a positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries as described in any one of Claims 1-4. 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン電池用正極を有するリチウムイオン電池。   The lithium ion battery which has a positive electrode for lithium ion batteries of Claim 5.
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