JP6536602B2 - Pollution detection device - Google Patents

Description

  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a contamination detection device, and more particularly to a technique for detecting contamination of insulators such as insulators.

  The insulators are installed in power generation and transformation facilities and support cables to which high voltage is applied. For example, when the power transformation facility is in a salt damage area, the surface of the insulator will be contaminated with salt. As the contamination progresses, the insulation of the insulator is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to always grasp the degree of contamination of insulators such as insulators and to perform cleaning at a necessary time.

  As a method of detecting the degree of contamination of a ladder, Patent Document 1 listed below discloses a method of using a pilot ladder. In this method, the amount of contamination of the forceps is detected by periodically and automatically washing the pilot forceps placed in the same environment as the actual machine (forceps to be measured) and measuring the salinity concentration of the washed aqueous solution.

  Patent Document 2 listed below discloses a method of measuring the current flowing between a pair of comb electrodes. As the contamination of the insulator progresses, the resistance value of the insulator surface decreases, so the leakage current increases. In Patent Document 2, the contamination of the surface of the insulator is detected by comparing the measured current with a preset value.

  Patent Document 3 listed below discloses a contamination detection sensor that detects the amount of salt deposition on the surface of the insulating plate based on the inter-electrode resistance value of the insulating plate on which the electrodes are formed. The contamination detection sensor includes a Peltier element for cooling the insulating plate. In Patent Document 3, the surface of the insulating plate is condensed by cooling the insulating plate with a Peltier device, and the resistance value is measured in a state where the electrodes are wetted.

  Further, Patent Document 4 listed below discloses a ladder contamination detector that detects contamination of a surface of a ladder using a resistance sensor including a substrate on which two electrodes are formed. The insulator contamination detector further includes a CR oscillation circuit to which the two electrodes are connected, and a determination unit to which an output signal of the CR oscillation circuit is input. The impedance between the two electrodes changes in accordance with the amount of contamination on the surface of the resistance sensor, which changes the oscillation cycle of the CR oscillation circuit. The determination unit calculates the amount of contamination based on the oscillation cycle of the CR oscillation circuit.

JP 2002-279843 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-220158 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 6-207917 Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2004-95347

  The method using the pilot forceps disclosed in Patent Document 1 consumes a lot of time and money for the apparatus and labor. In addition, this method is difficult to continuously monitor the degree of contamination.

  On the other hand, the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 4 can continuously monitor the degree of contamination. However, the resistance between the electrodes is not determined solely by the amount of attached salt, but is influenced by the ambient relative humidity. Since the behavior of the resistance has a hysteresis with respect to fluctuations in relative humidity rising and falling, there is a problem that an error occurs when the degree of contamination is converted by the relative humidity at the time of measuring the resistance. In particular, when the amount of deposited salt increases, as will be described later, the hysteresis also increases, so that the measurement error of the amount of contamination increases.

  The fouling detection sensor disclosed in Patent Document 3 includes a Peltier element for cooling the insulating plate, so that the apparatus is complicated and the risk of failure is increased.

  Furthermore, in the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4, there is a problem that it is difficult to evaluate the degree of contamination of insulators having a complicated structure such as insulators. For example, the surface of the ladder is prone to cumulative fouling while the rain cleans the fouling. On the other hand, the back of the ladder is unlikely to be polluted unless it is in a rapidly polluting environment such as a typhoon, but once polluted it is difficult to be cleaned. In the method disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to separate the front surface and the back surface to evaluate the amount of contamination because the pilot insulator is immersed in an aqueous solution for cleaning. Similarly, even with the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 2 to 4, it is difficult to separate the front and back surfaces to evaluate the amount of contamination.

  The present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and one object of the present invention is to continuously monitor the degree of contamination with a simple configuration, and to apply hysteresis. An object of the present invention is to provide a contamination detection device capable of suppressing a drop in measurement accuracy caused thereby.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a fouling detection device capable of evaluating the fouling degree of an insulator having a complex structure.

  In order to achieve the above object, as a result of intensive investigations by the present inventors, when the behavior of resistance has a hysteresis with respect to the change of relative humidity, the maximum value of relative humidity and the minimum value of surface resistivity in a fixed period It has been found that the amount of contamination can be estimated from the relationship with the present invention, resulting in the present invention.

  That is, a fouling detection device according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a plurality of electrode substrates each having a pair of electrodes formed on the surface of an insulating substrate, humidity measuring means for measuring relative humidity, and an electrode substrate It is stored in advance from the surface resistivity measuring means for measuring the surface resistivity between a pair of electrodes, the maximum value of relative humidity in a fixed period, and the minimum value of surface resistivity in a fixed period. And a contamination amount estimation means for estimating the contamination amount of the surface of the electrode substrate based on the contamination amount estimation information.

  The contamination amount estimating means is configured to detect the contamination amount of the surface of the electrode substrate based on the contamination amount estimation information stored in advance from the maximum value of relative humidity in a given period and the lowest value of surface resistivity in a given period. presume. This makes it possible to estimate the amount of contamination without the influence of hysteresis. By setting the contamination detection device in an environment that receives the same contamination as the insulator to be measured, the contamination amount of the object to be measured can be accurately estimated by estimating the contamination amount on the surface of the electrode substrate. Furthermore, the contamination detection device can simplify the device because the contamination amount can be estimated without providing a cooling device such as a Peltier element. In addition, since the amount of contamination can be estimated from the relative humidity and the resistance between the electrodes, the degree of contamination can be monitored continuously with a simple configuration.

  The contamination detection apparatus includes a plurality of electrode substrates on which a pair of electrodes are formed, and the contamination amount estimation means estimates the contamination amount for each electrode substrate. For example, by installing at least one of the plurality of electrode substrates at a position directly affected by rainfall, and installing at least one of the other electrode substrates at a position where it is contaminated under strong wind conditions such as a typhoon. From the measurement results of each electrode substrate, it becomes possible to evaluate the degree of contamination according to the influence of weather. Thereby, even if the insulator to be measured has a complicated structure, for example, the surface side and the back side can be separated to evaluate the contamination amount.

最高到達湿度Ｈ_ｍａｘが８０％以上９０％未満であることに応答して、電極基板の表面の汚損量を、汚損量推定情報として記憶されている以下の式（２）から得られるＳ（ｍｇ／ｃｍ^２）と推定し、

最高到達湿度Ｈ_ｍａｘが９０％以上であることに応答して、電極基板の表面の汚損量を、汚損量推定情報として記憶されている以下の式（３）から得られるＳ（ｍｇ／ｃｍ^２）と推定する。

Preferably, the fouling amount estimating means has a maximum reaching humidity H _max (% RH) which is the maximum value of relative humidity in a predetermined period of 70% or more and less than 80%, and has a maximum reaching humidity H _max and surface resistance in a predetermined period. The contamination amount of the surface of the electrode substrate is set to 0.06 in response to the relationship between the lowest value R _min (kΩ) of the rate and the following equation (1) stored as the contamination amount estimation information: Estimated to be (mg / cm ² ) or more,

In response to the highest reachable humidity H _max being 80% or more and less than 90%, the fouling amount of the surface of the electrode substrate can be obtained from the following formula (2) stored as fouling amount estimation information: S (mg / Cm ² ),

In response to the highest reachable humidity H _max being 90% or more, S (mg / cm ² ) obtained from the following formula (3) stored as contamination amount estimation information on the surface of the electrode substrate: Estimated).

  More preferably, the contamination detection device further includes period measurement means for measuring a predetermined period which is a measurement period of relative humidity and surface resistivity. This period measuring means measures one day having a measurement start point in the range of 9:00 to 15:00 as a fixed period.

  More preferably, at least one of the plurality of electrode substrates has a pair of electrodes formed with an electrode distance of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

  More preferably, the fouling detection device further includes holding means for holding a plurality of electrode substrates. The holding means inclines and holds the plurality of electrode substrates such that the pair of electrodes are located on the upper side and the angle with respect to the horizontal surface is 10 degrees or less.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to continuously monitor the degree of contamination with a simple configuration, and to suppress the decrease in measurement accuracy caused by the hysteresis. Can be provided.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a contamination detection device capable of evaluating the degree of contamination of an insulator having a complicated structure.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the contamination detection apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the behavior of the surface resistivity with respect to a humidity cycle when salt content adhesion amount is 0-0.5 mg / cm < ² > and the highest attainment humidity is 90% RH or more. It is a figure which shows the behavior of the surface resistivity with respect to a humidity cycle when 70-90% RH and the salt deposition amount are 0.5 mg / cm < ² > and the highest reach | attainment humidity is set to 0.5 mg / cm < ² >. It is a figure for demonstrating the estimation method of salt content. It is a figure which shows an example of the trend of temperature and humidity. It is a perspective view which shows the whole structure of the adhesion salt detection part of a pollution detection apparatus. It is a figure which shows the structure of an attached salt detection part. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 8-8 of FIG. 7; It is a top view which shows the structure of an electrode substrate. It is a flowchart which shows the control structure of the program performed with the contamination detection apparatus shown in FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of another electrode substrate.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. In the following description and the drawings, the same parts or components are given the same reference numerals and names. Their functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description about them will not be repeated.

Embodiment
The contamination detection device according to the present embodiment mainly uses seawater salt (sodium chloride) as a measurement target. The pollution detection device is installed in the same environment as a forceps (actual machine) to be measured, and estimates the amount of salt adhering to the surface of the forceps as the amount of pollution.

[overall structure]
Referring to FIG. 1, a contamination detection device 50 according to the present embodiment is a control device connected to an attached salt detection unit 100 installed in the same environment as a real machine and the attached salt detection unit 100 to control the entire device. And 200.

  The attached salt detection unit 100 includes an electrode substrate 110 in which a pair of electrode patterns are formed on the surface of an insulating substrate, and a humidity sensor 120 that measures the relative humidity of the surroundings. The attached salt detection unit 100 is communicably connected to the control device 200 by wire or wirelessly. In the present embodiment, the attached salt content detection unit 100 is wire connected to the control device 200 by a cable 60 connected to the connector 130. Details of the attached salt content detection unit 100 will be described later.

  The control device 200 includes a humidity measurement circuit 210, a surface resistivity measurement circuit 220, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 230, a recording unit 240, and a timer 250. The humidity measurement circuit 210 receives a signal from the humidity sensor 120, converts it into a data signal (digital signal), and supplies the signal to the CPU 230. The surface resistivity measurement circuit 220 measures the insulation rate of the electrode substrate 110 (surface resistivity between the electrode patterns) and supplies the surface resistivity to the CPU 230 as a data signal (digital signal).

  The CPU 230 controls the entire contamination detection device 50. The CPU 230 executes a process of estimating the amount of deposited salt (amount of contamination) based on the data signals supplied from the humidity measurement circuit 210 and the surface resistivity measurement circuit 220. The recording unit 240 includes a storage device for storing a program and data for the CPU 230 to control the contamination detection device 50. In the recording unit 240, contamination amount estimation information used at the time of estimation processing of the salt deposition amount (contamination amount) is stored in advance. Further, the recording unit 240 further measures relative humidity obtained through the humidity sensor 120 and the humidity measuring circuit 210, the surface resistivity of the electrode substrate 110 measured by the surface resistivity measuring circuit 220, and the salt estimated by the CPU 230 from these data It includes a data recording device that records data such as adhesion observation results (salt adhesion amount). The timer 250 measures the relative humidity and the measurement period of the surface resistivity.

  Power supply to the control device 200 may be AC power supply from a commercial power source or the like, or may be power supply by a built-in battery. The applied voltage at the time of resistance measurement is preferably an alternating voltage (e.g., 50 Hz to 1 kHz) in order to prevent corrosion of the electrode due to electrolysis.

  The control device 200 is configured to transmit data recorded in the data recording device to a monitoring device (not shown) such as a central monitoring room by wire or wireless via a data transmission unit (not shown). Preferred. The controller 200 can also be configured to output an alarm when the salt adhesion observation result is equal to or more than a predetermined value. With this configuration, it is possible to determine the status of contamination of the ladder and the necessity of cleaning the ladder in the central monitoring room or the like.

[Method of estimating salt content]
With reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, in the case where the behavior of surface resistivity has hysteresis with respect to relative humidity fluctuation, an experiment was conducted to find out a method that enables estimation of the amount of salt deposition (amount of contamination). Will be explained.

The inventors of the present invention manufactured an insulating substrate (electrode substrate) having a pair of electrode patterns formed on the surface, and conducted experiments to measure the surface resistivity between the electrode patterns while changing the relative humidity. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows the behavior of the surface resistivity with respect to the humidity cycle when the salt deposition amount is varied in the range of 0 to 0.5 mg / cm ² . The highest attainable humidity, which is the highest value of relative humidity, is 90% RH or more. FIG. 3 shows the behavior of the surface resistivity with respect to the humidity cycle when the salt deposition amount is 0.5 mg / cm ² and the maximum achieved humidity is varied in the range of 70 to 90% RH. The horizontal axis of the graphs of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is relative humidity (% RH), and the vertical axis is surface resistivity (kΩ) indicated by logarithm.

  This measurement starts from a low humidity condition, and after raising the humidity, returns to the low humidity again. The time course is indicated by arrows in the figure. Due to the deliquescent effect of the deposited salt content, the behavior of the surface resistivity relative to the relative humidity does not match at the time of the rise of humidity and the time of the fall of humidity.

この式は、線分Ｌで図中に示されている。
一方、この領域において、０．０６ｍｇ／ｃｍ^２以上の塩分付着量に対する表面抵抗率（絶縁物抵抗率）の差異は明確ではなかった。
（５）図２（Ｃ）〜（Ｅ）及び図３（Ｄ）〜（Ｅ）を参照して、相対湿度の上昇過程における８０％ＲＨ以上９０％ＲＨ未満の領域では、塩分付着量の増加に対する表面抵抗率の差異が確認できた。
（６）図２（Ｄ）〜（Ｅ）を参照して、相対湿度が９０％ＲＨに至ると、表面抵抗率の最低値は飽和する傾向にある。そのときの塩分付着量は、表面抵抗率に概略反比例する。 The following can be confirmed from FIGS. 2 and 3.
(1) Referring to FIG. 2, the surface resistivity decreases as the salt deposition amount increases.
(2) Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, there is hysteresis for the relative humidity rise / fall cycles. In particular, as the amount of salt deposition increases, the hysteresis increases. Furthermore, the lowest value of surface resistivity does not necessarily coincide with the highest value of relative humidity. Thus, the insulator resistivity can not be defined as a function of the instantaneous relative humidity.
(3) Referring to FIG. 3A, in the region where the relative humidity is 70% RH or less, no significant decrease in the surface resistivity was confirmed with respect to the relative humidity increase / decrease cycle.
(4) Referring to FIGS. 2 (C) to 2 (E) and 3 (C) to 3 (E), in the region of 70% RH to 80% RH in the process of relative humidity increase, 0.06 mg / cm. ^{For two} or more salt coverages, the surface resistivity R as a function of the relative humidity H is approximately the relationship shown by the following equation.

This equation is indicated by a line segment L in the figure.
On the other hand, in this region, the difference in surface resistivity (insulator resistivity) with respect to the amount of salt deposition of 0.06 mg / cm ² or more was not clear.
(5) Referring to FIGS. 2 (C) to 2 (E) and FIGS. 3 (D) to 3 (E), in the region of 80% RH or more and 90% RH or less in the process of relative humidity increase The difference in the surface resistivity against
(6) Referring to FIGS. 2D to 2E, when the relative humidity reaches 90% RH, the lowest value of the surface resistivity tends to be saturated. The amount of salt deposition at that time is approximately inversely proportional to the surface resistivity.

  Based on these results, the inventors of the present application have found that it is possible to estimate the amount of salt deposition on the surface of the insulator (ladder) by adopting the following process.

上記式（４）を満たさない場合は、０．０６ｍｇ／ｃｍ^２未満の塩分付着量と推定する。
（ｂ−３）最高到達湿度が８０％ＲＨ以上９０％ＲＨ未満の場合
塩分付着量を、以下の式（５）から得られるＳ（ｍｇ／ｃｍ^２）と推定する。

（ｂ−４）最高到達湿度が９０％ＲＨ以上の場合
塩分付着量を、以下の式（６）から得られるＳ（ｍｇ／ｃｍ^２）と推定する。

That is,
(A) The relative humidity and surface resistivity are continuously measured for a fixed period, and the maximum humidity (maximum achieved humidity) and the minimum resistance (minimum surface resistivity) during the period are determined.
(B) From the highest achieved humidity and the lowest value of surface resistivity, the amount of salt deposition is estimated as follows.
(B-1) In the case where the highest reachable humidity is less than 70% RH In this region, the salt deposition amount is not estimated.
(B-2) When the highest reachable humidity is 70% RH or more and less than 80% RH When the maximum reachable humidity is H _max (% RH) and the minimum value of the surface resistivity is R _min (kΩ), the following equation When (4) is satisfied, it is estimated that the amount of salt deposition is 0.06 mg / cm ² or more.

When the above equation (4) is not satisfied, it is estimated that the amount of deposited salt is less than 0.06 mg / cm ² .
(B-3) In the case where the highest reachable humidity is 80% RH or more and less than 90% RH The salt deposition amount is estimated to be S (mg / cm ² ) obtained from the following formula (5).

(B-4) When the Maximum Attainment Humidity is 90% RH or More The salt deposition amount is estimated to be S (mg / cm ² ) obtained from the following formula (6).

With reference to FIG. 4, the estimation method of the salt adhesion amount by the said process is demonstrated more concretely. If the highest attaining humidity is in the region R1 having a relative humidity of less than 70% RH, the salt deposition amount is not estimated as described above. When there is the highest achieved humidity in the region R2 with a relative humidity of 70% RH or more and less than 80% RH, the estimated value of the amount of deposited salt is set to 0.06 mg / cm ² or more by the equation shown by the line segment L It is determined whether it is less than 0.06 mg / cm ² . When the salt deposition amount is 0.06 mg / cm ² or more, the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity is located below the line segment L. Therefore, when the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity in the region R2 satisfies the above-described equation (4), the salt deposition amount can be estimated to be 0.06 mg / cm ² or more.

When the highest attaining humidity is in the region R3 with a relative humidity of 80% RH or more, the salt deposition amount is estimated by the above-mentioned equation (5) or (6). However, in the region of relative humidity 90% RH or more, as described above, the lowest value of the surface resistivity is saturated, and the salt deposition amount at that time is approximately inversely proportional to the surface resistivity, so the salt deposition amount S (mg / mg cm ² ) can be estimated as B / R _min . On the other hand, in the range of relative humidity 80% RH or more and less than 90% RH, as described above, the surface resistivity changes with the increase of the salt adhesion amount, so the salt adhesion amount S (mg / cm ² ) is B / R. Estimated to be greater than _min .

  The contamination detection device 50 according to the present embodiment is programmed to carry out such a process. The contamination amount estimation information stored in the recording unit 240 includes the above formulas (4) to (6) used for estimation of the salt content. In the present embodiment, the constant A of the equation (4) is A = 1, and the constant B of the equations (5) and (6) is B = 2.5.

[Measurement period]
The “fixed period” in the process (a) is preferably, for example, one day. It is preferable to measure the relative humidity and the surface resistivity so as to include nighttime data in which the temperature is lowered and the humidity is likely to be high, and such a condition can be satisfied by setting a certain period to one day. It is preferable that the starting point of measurement for a fixed period be a time zone where the relative humidity is relatively low. If the surface resistivity is low even though the relative humidity is relatively low at the time of the first measurement, it may be affected by the high humidity before the measurement period. In this case, it is preferable to temporarily suspend the measurement until the surface resistivity increases. In order to reduce the possibility of being affected by high humidity before the measurement period, it is preferable to set the start point of measurement of a fixed period to a daytime time zone (for example, in the range of 9 am to 3 pm). The measurement period (fixed period) is measured by the timer 250 (see FIG. 1).

  FIG. 5 shows an example of the trend of temperature and relative humidity in an outdoor environment. FIG. 5 (A) shows the temporal change of the outside temperature, and FIG. 5 (B) shows the temporal change of the relative humidity. The horizontal axis of FIG. 5 (A) and FIG. 5 (B) has shown the measurement days (day). In this example, the number of measurement days is 10 days. One scale on the horizontal axis is one day, and each scale position corresponds to midnight (12:00 pm).

  Referring to FIG. 5, the temperature drops from night to dawn, and as a result, the relative humidity rises. In outdoor environments, high humidity often occurs from night to dawn as the temperature decreases at night. Also from this fact, it can be understood that the salinity deposition amount can be easily estimated by using the daytime time zone in which the humidity is relatively low as the starting point of the measurement. The highest reachable humidity during the measurement period is at least 70% RH.

  Since the contamination detection device 50 (adhesion salt detection unit 100) is installed in the same environment as the actual machine, the assumed installation place mainly becomes an outdoor environment. In outdoor environments, it is assumed that high humidity often occurs at night or when it rains, so the estimation of salt deposition is not performed, and there are not many days when the maximum reachable humidity is less than 70% RH. . When the measurement for a fixed period is repeated and continuously performed, it becomes possible to estimate the amount of salt deposition in most of the measurement period. If the surface resistivity is low despite the fact that the highest reachable humidity is high, the influence of deposits other than salt (eg, bird droppings, dust, etc.) can be considered.

[Configuration of attached salt detection unit 100]
6 to 8, the attached salt content detection unit 100 includes the electrode substrate 110, a case (case) 140 for holding the electrode substrate 110, and the humidity sensor 120 disposed in the case 140. including. The housing 140 is partially open at the top and side surfaces. The housing 140 holds a plurality of electrode substrates 110. In the present embodiment, the three electrode substrates 110A, 110B, and 110C are held by the housing 140. The electrode substrates 110A, 110B, and 110C have the same configuration as one another, and are collectively referred to as the electrode substrate 110.

  Referring to FIG. 9, electrode substrate 110 includes an insulating substrate 112 made of glass epoxy, ceramic or the like, and a pair of electrodes 114 formed on the surface of insulating substrate 112. The pair of electrodes 114 is composed of a conductor such as metal, and one electrode is formed on the surface of the insulating substrate 112 so as to surround the other electrode. Specifically, the pair of electrodes 114 is patterned concentrically. The electrode substrate 110 is preferably subjected to a treatment such as gold plating for the purpose of preventing corrosion of the electrode 114.

  The distance (electrode distance) d1 between the pair of electrodes 114 is preferably 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less (eg, 20 mm). The electrode width w1 is preferably 20 mm or more and 50 mm or less (e.g., 30 mm). If the electrode spacing and the electrode width are configured in this way, the resistance value to be measured becomes approximately 1 kΩ to several 100 kΩ, and it becomes possible to easily measure the surface resistivity necessary for detecting the amount of salt deposition.

  If the electrode distance d1 is reduced, even a minute deposit may affect the measured resistance value. In consideration of these points, the electrode distance d1 is preferably 10 mm or more. Further, the electric field for measuring the resistance (surface resistivity) is preferably 1 V / cm or more. Furthermore, it can be realized by an inexpensive power source, and in consideration of safety, the peak value of the voltage applied to the electrode substrate 110 is preferably 5 V or less. In this case, the electrode distance d1 is preferably at most 50 mm.

  Referring again to FIGS. 6 to 8, the housing 140 has a plurality of electrode substrates such that the pair of electrodes 114 is located on the upper side and the angle α (see FIG. 8) with respect to the horizontal surface is a predetermined angle. Each of 110A, 110B and 110C is inclined and held so that the open side of the housing 140 is lower. Salt adheres to the surface (measurement surface) on which the pair of electrodes 114 are formed, and when the relative humidity exceeds 70% RH, the measurement surface is wetted by deliquescent. When the relative humidity approaches 90% RH, the amount of water adhering to the measurement surface increases. When the installation angle α of the electrode substrate 110 is too large with respect to the horizontal plane, when the measurement surface of the electrode substrate 110 is wetted, there is a possibility that salt may flow out with the water adhering to the measurement surface. Therefore, the installation angle α of the electrode substrate 110 with respect to the horizontal plane is preferably a relatively small angle (for example, 10 degrees or less).

  The plurality of electrode substrates 110A, 110B, and 110C are installed in the housing 140 so that the ease of attachment of salt to weather can be evaluated stepwise. Specifically, the electrode substrate 110 is installed so as to close the open portion on the upper surface side of the housing 140. The electrode substrate 110 is disposed in the lower case 140, and the remaining electrode substrates 110 are further disposed in the lower case. Since the measurement surface on which the pair of electrodes 114 is formed is exposed from the upper surface of the housing 140, the electrode substrate 110A disposed at the uppermost stage is directly affected by the rainfall. On the other hand, since the electrode substrates 110B and 110C are affected by rainfall only from the open portion on the side surface of the housing 140, they are affected by salt deposition when the wind is strong such as a typhoon.

  In this manner, at least one of the electrode substrates 110 is disposed at a position directly affected by rainfall, that is, a position susceptible to washing by rain while the salinity easily adheres. Furthermore, at least one of the electrode substrates 110 is a position affected by salt adhesion only when the wind is strong such as a typhoon, that is, it is difficult to be affected by salt adhesion under normal weather conditions, and a strong wind such as a typhoon occurs It is installed at the position affected by salt deposition at the time of (rapid fouling condition). Thereby, by comparing the surface resistivities of the plurality of electrode substrates 110A, 110B and 110C, the salt adhesion state to the insulator (for example, a large amount of salt is adhered to the surface or a large amount of salt is adhered to the back surface) Can be estimated. In particular, since the salt adhering to the back surface of the insulator can not be expected to have a cleaning effect by rain, the necessity for cleaning the insulator is high, and the contamination detection device 50 is effective for identifying the time when the cleaning is necessary.

  The humidity sensor 120 is disposed near the electrode substrate 110 in order to measure the relative humidity around the electrode substrate 110. Preferably, the humidity sensor 120 is not directly affected by moisture due to rain or the like. In the present embodiment, the humidity sensor 120 is installed inside the housing 140 and protected by the cover 150.

  For example, when installed on the seashore, the attached salt detection unit 100 is installed with the open side of the side facing the sea side, or the open side of the side facing the wind at the measurement point. Is preferred. Moreover, in order to improve the measurement accuracy, it is preferable to change the conditions such as the direction of the open portion or the height from the ground, and install a plurality of the attached salt detection units 100.

Software Configuration
With reference to FIG. 10, a control structure of a computer program executed by the contamination detection device 50 in order to estimate the salt content of the forceps will be described. This program starts in response to the user's operation.

This program is executed after step S1000 for measuring relative humidity and surface resistivity for a fixed period, and after step S1000, the maximum value of relative humidity (maximum achieved humidity H _max ) for a fixed period and the minimum value of surface resistivity for a fixed period Step S1010 for extracting the value R _min and step S1020 which is executed after step S1010 and branches the flow of control according to the extracted maximum achieved humidity H _max .

The program is further executed when it is determined in step S1020 that the highest attainable humidity H _max is 70% RH or more and less than 80% RH, and the minimum value R _min of the surface resistivity and the highest reach humidity H _max It is determined whether or not the relationship satisfies the above equation (4), and the flow of control is branched according to the determination result. Step S1030 is executed when it is determined in the step S1030 that the above equation (4) is satisfied. The salt adhesion amount is estimated when the salt adhesion amount is estimated to be 0.06 mg / cm ² or more, and the results are recorded in step S1040 and step S1030 when the above equation (4) is determined not to be satisfied. the estimated that less than 0.06 mg / cm ^2, and step S1050 for recording the results, in step S1020, the maximum ultimate humidity _max is executed if it is determined to be less than 90% RH or more RH 80%, by estimating the Salt Adhesion S by a calculation using the above equation (5), and steps S1060 to record the results, step Step S 1070 is executed when it is determined in S 1020 that the highest reachable humidity H _max is 90% RH or higher, and the salt deposition amount S is estimated by the calculation using the equation (6), and the result is recorded. And.

This program is further executed after step S1040, step S1050, step S1060, or step S1070 to determine whether the estimated amount of salt deposition is equal to or more than a predetermined amount set in advance, and control is performed according to the determination result. It includes a step S1080 of branching the flow, and a step S1090 which is executed when it is determined in step S1080 that the estimated amount of salt deposition is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount, and an alarm output is performed. If an alarm is output in step S1090, or if it is determined in step S1080 that the estimated amount of salt deposition is not the predetermined amount or more, the control returns to step S1000. Also when it is determined in step S1020 that the highest reachable humidity H _max is less than 70% RH, the control returns to step S1000.

[Operation]
The contamination detection device 50 according to the present embodiment operates as follows.

Referring to FIG. 10, the contamination detection device 50 measures relative humidity and surface resistivity for each electrode substrate 110, for example, with one day having a measurement start point in the daytime period as a fixed period (step S1000). . The measurement result is recorded in the data recording device of the recording unit 240. When the fixed period has elapsed, the CPU 230 extracts the highest reachable humidity H _{max for} each electrode substrate 110 and the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity from the recorded measurement results (step S 1010).

When the highest reachable humidity H _max is 70% RH or more and less than 80% RH, the CPU 230 determines whether or not the relation between the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity and the highest reach humidity H _max satisfies the above equation (4) Do. In the present embodiment, the constant A is set to 1 in the above equation (4). When the CPU 230 determines that the relationship between the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity and the highest achieved humidity H _max satisfies the above equation (4) (YES in step S1030), the salt deposition amount is set to 0.06 mg / cm ² or more. After estimation, the result is recorded in the recording unit 240 (step S1040). On the other hand, when the CPU 230 determines that the relationship between the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity and the highest achievable humidity H _max does not satisfy the above equation (4) (NO in step S1030), the salt deposition amount is 0.06 mg / cm. The result is estimated to be less than ² and recorded in the recording unit 240 (step S1050).

When the highest reachable humidity H _max is 80% RH or more and less than 90% RH, the CPU 230 estimates the salt adhesion amount S by calculation using the above equation (5), and records the result in the recording unit 240 (step S 1060) ). If the highest reachable humidity H _max is 90% RH or more, the CPU 230 estimates the salt adhesion amount S by calculation using the above equation (6), and records the result in the recording unit 240 (step S 1070). In the present embodiment, the constant B is set to 2.5 in the above equation (4) and the above equation (5). When the highest reachable humidity H _max is less than 70% RH, the CPU 230 does not perform the estimation process of the salt content.

The contamination detection device 50 performs these estimation processes for each electrode substrate 110. When estimating the salt content, the CPU 230 determines whether the estimated salt content is equal to or more than a predetermined amount. When CPU 230 determines that the estimated amount of salt deposition is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount (YES in step S1080), CPU 230 outputs an alarm to the central monitoring room or the like (step S1090). The predetermined amount serving as a trigger for emitting an alarm can be, for example, 0.06 mg / cm ² . The predetermined amount to be triggered may be a plurality of types. For example, predetermined amounts may be set in multiple stages of 0.06 mg / cm ² , 0.2 mg / cm ² , 0.5 mg / cm ² or the like, and different alarms may be issued stepwise.

If the CPU 230 determines that the highest reachable humidity H _max is less than 70% RH, or if the estimation process of the salt deposition amount ends, the CPU 230 measures relative humidity and surface resistivity again for a certain period (step S1000), Repeat the above process. In this manner, the contamination detection device 50 continuously monitors the salt deposition amount (contamination degree) of the insulator.

[Effect of this embodiment]
As is apparent from the above description, by using the contamination detection device 50 according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

The contamination detection device 50 is based on the contamination amount estimation information stored in advance from the maximum value of the relative humidity (maximum achieved humidity H _max ) in a certain period and the lowest value R _min of the surface resistivity in a certain period. The amount of salt deposition on the surface of the electrode substrate 110 is estimated. This makes it possible to estimate the amount of salt deposition without the influence of hysteresis. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the salt deposition amount with high accuracy. By installing the contamination detection device 50 in the same environment as the insulator to be measured, by estimating the amount of salt deposition on the surface of the electrode substrate 110, it is possible to estimate the amount of salt deposition on the insulator with high accuracy.

  Since the contamination detection device 50 can estimate the amount of salt deposition without providing a cooling device such as a Peltier device, the device can be simplified. In addition, since the amount of salt deposition can be estimated from the relative humidity and the surface resistivity, it is possible to monitor the amount of salt deposition of the insulator continuously with a simple configuration. Furthermore, with such a configuration, the contamination detection device 50 can be provided at low cost as compared with the conventional device.

  The contamination detection device 50 includes a plurality of electrode substrates 110 on which a pair of electrodes 114 are formed, and estimates the amount of attached salt for each electrode substrate 110. At least one of the plurality of electrode substrates 110 is disposed at a direct raining position, and at least one of the other electrode substrates 110 is not directly rained, but a position affected by wind and rain (for example, a wind such as a typhoon) Is located at a position where the By comparing the measurement results of the respective electrode substrates 110, it is possible to estimate the difference in accumulated contamination depending on the installation location and the degree of rapid contamination due to wind and rain. In other words, the degree of contamination can be evaluated according to the influence of the weather. Thereby, the surface side and the back side of the insulator can be separated to evaluate the salt adhesion amount.

  Furthermore, even if the behavior of the surface resistivity has hysteresis with respect to the fluctuation of relative humidity, by using the above equations (4), (5) and (6) to estimate the amount of salt deposition. The estimation accuracy of the amount of salt deposition can be easily enhanced.

(Modification)
Although the above-mentioned embodiment showed an example which installs three electrode substrates in an adhesion salt detection part, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. The number of installed electrode substrates may be two or four or more. Furthermore, the number of installed electrode substrates may be one. However, in the case of evaluating the degree of contamination of a complex structure such as a ladder, it is preferable that a plurality of electrode substrates be provided. The installation position (holding position) of the electrode substrate can be appropriately adjusted in order to enable evaluation of the amount of contamination under desired conditions. At that time, the degree of influence of wind and rain may be adjusted by changing the shape etc. of the housing.

  Although the said embodiment showed the example using the electrode substrate in which the concentric electrode pattern was formed, this invention is not limited to such embodiment. The electrode pattern formed on the electrode substrate may be an electrode pattern other than concentric circles. As such an electrode pattern, for example, an electrode pattern in which two linear electrodes are opposed to each other can be mentioned. An electrode substrate on which such an electrode pattern is formed is shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 11, electrode substrate 310 includes an insulating substrate 112 and a pair of electrodes 314 formed on the surface of insulating substrate 112. The pair of electrodes 314 is formed of a conductor such as metal, and is formed to be disposed opposite to the surface of the insulating substrate 112. Also for the electrode substrate 310, it is preferable that a treatment such as metal plating be performed for the purpose of preventing corrosion of the electrode 314.

  Although the said embodiment showed about an example about the example which installs the several electrode substrate in which the same electrode pattern was formed in an attached salt detection part, this invention is not limited to such embodiment. The electrode patterns of the plurality of electrode substrates to be installed may be appropriately different patterns.

  Although the said embodiment showed the example which makes all the several electrode substrates incline at the same angle, and hold | maintains to a housing | casing, this invention is not limited to such embodiment. Alternatively, at least a part of the plurality of electrode substrates may be inclined to be held at the housing so as to have different angles.

  In the above embodiment, seawater salinity (sodium chloride) is the main measurement target, and an example in which the salt adhesion amount is estimated as the fouling amount is shown, but the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. For example, the amount of snow melting agent salt (calcium chloride) attached can be estimated as the amount of fouling.

  Although the present embodiment shows an example in which 70% RH, 70% RH to 80% RH, 80% RH to 90% RH, and 90% RH or more are set as the reaching humidity threshold, the present invention It is not limited to such an embodiment. Since the ultimate humidity threshold may change depending on the salinity to be measured, it is preferable to appropriately set the ultimate humidity threshold according to the measurement object.

  In the above embodiment, an example in which the constant A of the equation (4) is 1 and the constant B of the equations (5) and (6) is 2.5 is shown, but the present invention relates to such an embodiment It is not limited to These constants can be defined and changed in accordance with the measurement conditions.

  Although the said embodiment showed about the example which presumes the amount of pollution (salt adhesion amount) by calculation using Formula (4)-Formula (6), this invention is not limited to such embodiment. For example, a table in which the contamination amount with respect to the highest reachable humidity and the resistance minimum value is indicated may be stored as the contamination amount estimation information, and the contamination amount may be estimated with reference to this table.

  Although the above-mentioned embodiment showed an example which performs alarm output, when the presumed amount of salt adhesion is more than the predetermined amount set up beforehand, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. The configuration may be such that the alarm output is not performed. In that case, for example, data of the estimated amount of salt deposition may be output to the central monitoring room or the like.

  Although the above-mentioned embodiment showed an example which installs a humidity sensor in a adhering salt detection part, the present invention is not limited to such an embodiment. The humidity sensor may be installed, for example, on the control device side of the contamination detection device. However, in order to measure relative humidity more accurately, as described in the above embodiment, it is preferable to install a humidity sensor on the attached salt detection unit side.

  Furthermore, the fixed period which is a measurement period of relative humidity and a surface resistivity may be except 1 day, and the start origin of a fixed period may be except daytime time zone. However, for the reason described above, it is preferable that the certain period be one day having the start point of measurement in the daytime time zone.

  The embodiment disclosed this time is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. The scope of the present invention is defined by each claim of the claims, with reference to the description of the detailed description of the invention, and all changes within the meaning and range equivalent to the words and phrases described therein. Including.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 50 pollution detection apparatus 60 cable 100 adhesion salt detection part 110, 110A-110C, 310 electrode board 112 insulation board 114, 314 pair of electrodes 120 humidity sensor 130 connector 140 housing 150 cover 200 control apparatus 210 humidity measurement circuit 220 surface resistivity Measurement circuit 230 CPU
240 recording unit 250 timer d1, d2 electrode interval w1, w2 electrode width α installation angle

Claims (5)

A plurality of electrode substrates having a pair of electrodes formed on the surface of the insulating substrate;
Humidity measuring means for measuring relative humidity;
Surface resistivity measurement means for measuring the surface resistivity between the pair of electrodes for each of the electrode substrates;
The contamination amount of the surface of the electrode substrate is estimated based on the contamination amount estimation information stored in advance from the maximum value of the relative humidity in a predetermined period and the minimum value of the surface resistivity in the predetermined period. And a contamination detection device including contamination amount estimation means. The contamination amount estimating means is
The highest achievable humidity H _max (% RH), which is the highest value of the relative humidity in the given period, is 70% or more and less than 80%, and the lowest value of the highest attained humidity H _max and the surface resistivity in the given period In response to the relationship with R _min (kΩ) satisfying the following equation (1) stored as the contamination amount estimation information, the contamination amount of the surface of the electrode substrate is 0.06 (mg / Cm ² ) or more,

The contamination amount of the surface of the electrode substrate is obtained from the following equation (2) stored as the contamination amount estimation information in response to the highest reachable humidity H _max being 80% or more and less than 90%. Estimated to be S (mg / cm ² ),

In response to the highest reachable humidity H _max being 90% or more, the fouling amount of the surface of the electrode substrate can be obtained from the following equation (3) stored as the fouling amount estimation information: S (mg Estimate / cm ² ),

The contamination detection device according to claim 1. It further includes period measuring means for measuring the predetermined period which is a measurement period of relative humidity and surface resistivity,
The contamination detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the period measurement unit measures one day having a measurement start point in the range of 9:00 to 15:00 as the predetermined period.   The pollution detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of electrode substrates has the pair of electrodes formed with an electrode distance of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less. Further comprising holding means for holding the plurality of electrode substrates,
The said holding means inclines and hold | maintains the said several electrode substrate, respectively so that an angle with respect to a horizontal surface may be 10 degrees or less, with the said pair of electrodes located in upper side. The pollution detection device according to any of the above.

Images