JP6550331B2 - Hearth of grate and stoker type incinerator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to the grate and hearth of a stoker incinerator.

  As shown in FIG. 8, a stoker-type incinerator A is used as a waste incinerator for burning municipal waste and the like. The stoker type incinerator A is provided with a hearth B consisting of a stoker mechanism in which a plurality of fire grates 10 are disposed in a furnace chamber covered with a fireproof wall W, and supplied to a wind box (not shown) installed therebelow The combustion air to be burned is configured to be supplied to the refuse to be incinerated through the grate 10.

  In each grate 10, a fixed grate group 10A whose base end portion is swingably supported by a cylindrical support rod C1 mounted on a fixed frame C, and a fixed frame C in the waste transport direction Movable grate groups 10B of which base end portions are swingably supported by a cylindrical support rod D1 straddled by a movable frame D reciprocating along are alternately arranged along the dust transport direction .

  As the movable frame D is driven to reciprocate by the hydraulic mechanism E, the movable grate group 10B and the fixed grate group 10A move relative to each other, and the objects to be incinerated on the hearth B are conveyed while being agitated.

  In Patent Document 1, a gas flow path for sending a combustion gas is formed in a space surrounded by the upper wall 1 and the left and right side walls 2 and a front end wall 3 connected to the upper wall 1 and the left and right side walls 2 is formed. A grate piece main body R provided with a grate piece main body R having an opening 31 formed in the front end wall 3 for blowing out the combustion gas from the gas flow path to the outside is provided. And the upper wall surface 1 of the grate piece relatively reciprocally sliding while changing the elevation angle, and surface contact with the upper wall surface of the grate piece main body adjacent to the tip lower portion 32 of the grate piece main body There is disclosed a structure of a grate piece provided with a rocking piece 43 which slides while sliding (see FIG. 9A).

  The combustion air supplied from the lower part of the grate through the air box is blown out from the two openings 31 which are round holes formed in the front end wall 3, and the combustion air is supplied to the material to be incinerated on the hearth Is supplied.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a grate body in which each grate 3 is attached to a grate frame 9 in a stair-sliding stoker in which a fixed grate and a movable grate are alternately arranged in the front-rear direction. 4 and an air passage 5 formed from the rear side to the lower front side of the grate body 4 and detachably provided on the front side of the grate body 4 so as to slide on the upper surface of the previous grate body A grate body formed between the sliding body 6 to be engaged, the nozzle hole 7 formed between the adjacent grate body by the groove provided on the front side of the air passage 5 and provided on the side of the grate body 4; There is disclosed a stair sliding type stoker characterized in that it comprises an air outlet 8 which is formed between the front lower end of the front side 4 and the front upper end of the sliding body and communicates with the nozzle hole 7 (FIG. 9). (Refer to (b).) In addition, the code shown to FIG. 9 (a), (b) uses the code used for patent document 1, 2 as it is. Ri, is not related to the code used in the column of the following embodiments.

JP 2003-97807 A Patent No. 3732670

  In the grate disclosed in Patent Document 1, since the combustion air is always blown out from the same position along the width direction of the fixed opening formed by the two round holes formed in the front end wall, that is, the width of the grate. There is a problem that it is difficult to uniformly supply the combustion air to the material to be incinerated that is thickly accumulated on the grate.

  In addition, the entire incineration material is not uniformly burned by the combustion air blown out from the opening, and if a hollow which is a passage of air is partially formed in the massive incineration material, that portion There is also a problem that the supply of the combustion air is concentrated and burned locally from only that, and the radiant heat from it causes the temperature of the grate to rise and burns earlier than other grates.

  The grate disclosed in Patent Document 2 is configured to be supplied with combustion air from slits wider than the grate disclosed in Patent Document 1, but arranged in the width direction of the grate Since the combustion air is supplied from the linear slit in which the tip of the grate is continuous, when a hollow to be a passage of air is formed in a part of the massive incinerator, the combustion air is only from that site The problem of localized abnormal combustion due to concentrated supply of hydrogen was never solved.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the grates are formed to have the same size, and the boundaries between the grates arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction are linearly arranged along the dust transfer direction. Even if the combustion air is supplied from the boundaries of the grate, the combustion air is always supplied to the waste from the same position along the width direction of the grate, and along the width direction of the grate It is not a configuration that can meet the demand for evenly supplying combustion air to waste.

  An object of the present invention is, in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, a grate capable of uniformly supplying combustion air from a grate to which an grate is arranged to a material to be incinerated and suppressing the occurrence of local abnormal combustion And providing a hearth of a stoker incinerator.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the first feature of the grate according to the present invention is supported at its proximal end and covered at its lower end as described in claim 1 of the claimed document. The lower end of the grate on the upstream side in the transfer direction abuts against the back side of the grate on the downstream side in the transfer direction of the incinerator, and the upstream side or the downstream side in the transfer direction is disposed A grate forming a hearth of a stoker type incinerator which receives and conveys the material to be incinerated on the back surface by moving relative to the grate on the upstream side, the upstream grate contacting the back surface and the back surface The combustion air is supplied from the gap formed by not contacting with the lower part on the tip side of the cylinder, and the formation position of the gap is changed by the relative movement. It is in.

Combustion air is supplied from a gap formed between the back of the grate and the lower end of the upstream side of the grate that is in contact with the back. When the distal end side of the movable grate moves to the distal end side of the downstream fixed grate, the distal end side of the relatively upstream fixed grate will abut the proximal back surface of the movable grate, and conversely, When the distal end side of the movable grate moves to the proximal end side of the downstream fixed grate, the distal end side of the relatively upstream fixed grate abuts on the distal end back surface of the movable grate. Therefore, since the supply site of the combustion air changes in the opposite direction on the upstream side and the downstream side across the movable grate, the formation position of the gap is different between the grates adjacent in the transport direction, and accordingly the combustion air Since the supply site of the air changes, the combustion air is distributed to the material to be incinerated, and the occurrence of local abnormal combustion is effectively suppressed.

As described in claim 2 of the second feature, in addition to the first feature described above, in the back surface, a region constituted by a convex surface and / or a concave surface is the transport direction And the formation position of the convex surface and / or the concave surface in the direction crossing the conveyance direction is displaced along the conveyance direction, and the region includes the reference surface and the reference. And a second region constituted by a concave surface recessed downward from the reference surface, and the first region and the second region along the transport direction. It is in the point formed so that a field may switch.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, as described in the third aspect, the proximal end is supported, and the lower end of the distal end abuts on the back surface of the grate on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the incineration material. The lower end on the tip side of the upstream grate on the transport direction is disposed to abut, and the incineration material is received on the back surface by relative movement with the upstream or downstream grate on the transport direction. A grate that forms the hearth of a stoker incinerator to be transported,
An area constituted by a convex surface and / or a concave surface is formed on the back surface in the conveying direction, and a formation position of the convex surface and / or the concave surface in the direction intersecting the conveying direction is The region is formed so as to be displaced along the transport direction, and the region is constituted by a reference region and a first region constituted by a convex surface projecting upward from the reference surface, and a recess surface recessed downward from the reference surface. And the second area is formed so as to switch between the first area and the second area along the transport direction.

Combustion air is supplied from a gap formed between the back of the grate and the lower end of the upstream side of the grate that is in contact with the back. In the first region, a gap is formed on the reference surface side adjacent to the convex surface, and in the second region, the gap is formed on the concave surface side. By switching from the first area to the second area or from the second area to the first area along the transport direction, the combustion air supply site is changed.

According to a fourth feature of the invention, as described in the fourth aspect of the invention, in addition to the second or third feature described above, the convex surface is a flat surface.

The fifth characterizing feature of the can, as noted in the claim 5, in addition the second above the fourth one feature structure of the convex surface on the base reference plane that is formed on both sides along the width direction with said first region is configured so as to be sandwiched between the second region is configured such that the concave surface is sandwiched between the base reference plane that is formed on both sides along the width direction, the said base side The first region is formed and the second region is formed on the tip side.

In the first region, a gap is formed on the reference surface side sandwiching the convex surface , and in the second region, a gap is formed on the concave surface side sandwiched by the reference surface . From the base end side where the first area is formed to the switching position, mechanical wear is caused by sliding between the lower part of the tip side of the upstream grate abutting on the rear face and the convex surface, and the combustion air is There is a tendency for burnout to occur at the gap between the lower portion on the tip side of the upstream grate supplied and the reference surface . From the switching position where the second area is formed to the tip side , mechanical wear is caused by sliding between the lower part of the tip side of the upstream grate in contact with the back face and the reference surface, and the combustion air is There is a tendency for burnout to occur at the gap between the lower portion on the tip side of the upstream grate supplied and the concave surface .

According to the above-described configuration, mechanical wear and burnout both progress in the first region and the second region, so that the size of the gap from which the combustion air blows out can be kept stable without a significant change with time. Also, the layer of the material to be incinerated is likely to be thin because the layer on the tip side of the grate where the second region is formed tends to burn at a high temperature, and the material to be incinerated tends to burn at a higher temperature than the base end. Since air is supplied from the concave surface sandwiched by the reference surface , even if air is also supplied from the gap between adjacent grates in the width direction, temperature rise on the grate tip side should be suppressed. Can.

According to the sixth aspect, as described in the sixth aspect, in addition to any one of the above-described first to fifth features, the back surface and the upstream side contacting the back surface during the relative movement It lies in the area of the gap formed between the lower portion of the front end side of the grate and is configured to be equal.

  The balance of the air amount of the combustion air blown out to the material to be incinerated from the respective gaps switched with the relative movement of the grate is maintained.

According to a seventh feature of the invention, as recited in claim 7 , in addition to any of the second to sixth features described above, a length along the transport direction of the first area and the second area Is configured to be equal.

If the formation position of the gap the combustion air is supplied along with the relative movement of the grate is switched, because the length along the conveying direction of the convex portion plane and a concave portion plane are equal, the amount of air blown out from the gaps Can be easily adjusted to a desired value, and the balance of the amount of air blown out from each gap can be well maintained in relative movement units.

The eighth characterizing feature of the can, as noted in the claim 8, in addition the first above the seventh one characteristic feature of the, during the relative movement, the contact with the upstream side to the rear and the rear Among the gaps formed by the lower end on the tip side of the grate, the lengths along the width direction intersecting the transport direction are equal.

  When the formation position of the gap to which the combustion air is supplied is switched along with the relative movement of the grate, since the lengths along the width direction intersecting the transport direction are equal, along the width direction intersecting the transport direction, The balance of the amount of air blown out from each gap can be well maintained.

According to the ninth characteristic structure, as described in the ninth aspect, in addition to any one of the above-mentioned first to eighth characteristic structures, an upstream side contacting the back surface and the back surface during the relative movement Among the gaps formed by the lower end on the tip side of the grate, the lengths in the height direction are configured to be equal.

When the formation position of the gap to which the combustion air is supplied is switched according to the relative movement of the grate, the height direction of the gap formed by the back side and the lower portion of the tip side of the grate abutting on the back side Since the lengths are equal, it is possible to suppress and maintain the fluctuation of the amount of air supplied from each gap along the transport direction. For example, it is a case where the projection height from the reference surface to the convex surface and the depression depth from the reference surface to the concave surface are equal.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, as described in the tenth aspect of the present invention, in addition to any of the first to ninth features described above, a grate disposed adjacent to the side wall portion on the proximal end side. A convex portion to be abutted is formed, and an air gap is formed between side wall portions on the downstream side of the convex direction in the transport direction.

  When the convex parts of the adjacently arranged grate abut, a gap is formed between the downstream side wall parts, and the combustion air is supplied to the incinerator material from the gap. Therefore, the combustion air is supplied not only from the gap formed at the tip of each grate but also from the gap between the adjacent grates, and the combustion air is more uniformly supplied to the incinerator as a whole. Will be

The eleventh characterizing feature is, as described in the claim 11, in addition from the first described above tenth any feature configuration of the grate each other are disposed adjacent to the side wall portion of the distal-side An insertion hole for the connecting rod to be connected is formed, and a reinforcing rib is formed so as to protrude downward from the back surface so as to face the insertion hole, and the connecting rod for connecting adjacent grates is provided by each reinforcing rib The point is that it is configured to be secured in place.

  The connecting rods can be mounted between the adjacently arranged grates through the insertion holes, and the variation in the size of the gap formed between the side walls can be suppressed. Then, even if the connecting rod inserted into the insertion hole is not fixed by clamping, it is secured by the reinforcing rib so that the grate can be easily assembled.

The first characteristic feature of the hearth stoker incinerator according to the present invention, the as claimed described in claim 12, the grate is the transport direction with one to any of the characteristic feature of the eleventh above And a hearth of a stoker-type incinerator arranged in a direction intersecting the transport direction, wherein a plurality of fire grates having different lengths in the width direction are arranged adjacent in the width direction in a predetermined arrangement A lattice group and a second grate group adjacently arranged in the width direction in an arrangement different from the predetermined arrangement are alternately arranged along the transport direction.

  Since the adjacent position of the grate in the first grate group and the adjacent position of the grate in the second grate group can be displaced in the direction crossing the transfer direction, the discharge position of the combustion air is transferred The air can be moved to the left and right along the direction, and the incineration material can be more uniformly supplied with combustion air.

According to the second feature, as described in claim 13 , in addition to the above-mentioned first feature, a plurality of grates having different lengths in the width direction have a wide first grate, and The first combustion zone is composed of a second grate narrower than the first grate, and the first combustion zone for gasifying and burning the material to be incinerated, and the post-combustion zone for incinerating the material to be incinerated after the gasification and combustion is finished The grate and the second grate are used at different rates.

  By making the use ratio of the first grate and the second grate different according to the purpose of the grate, it becomes possible to adjust the distribution of the supply amount of combustion air.

The third feature structure, as described in the claim 14, in addition to the second characterizing feature of the above, the use ratio of the second grate to said first grate is said from the post-combustion zone It is configured to be large in the main combustion zone.

  If the ratio of use of the second grate to the first grate is increased, it is possible to adjust the amount of supply of combustion air more in the main combustion zone than in the post combustion zone.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the grate and the stoker incineration are capable of uniformly supplying combustion air from the grate to which the grate is arranged to the material to be incinerated, and suppressing the occurrence of local abnormal combustion. It became possible to provide the hearth of the furnace.

(A) is a front view of the grate, (b) is a plan view of the same, (c) is a plan view of the adjacently arranged grate (A) is the bottom view of the grate, (b) is the left side view, (c) is the right side view (A) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 1 (a), (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG. 1 (a), and (c) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG. , (D) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. (A) is an explanatory view of a state in which the grate arranged adjacent to the front and back is moved close, (b) is an explanatory view of the front end face of the grate adjacent to the grate arranged adjacent to the front and back, (c Is an explanatory view of a state in which the grate arranged adjacent to each other is separated and moved, and (d) is an explanatory view of the front end face of the grate where the grates arranged adjacent to each other are separated and moved (A) is a plan view of the hearth in which the grate is arranged, (b) is an explanatory view showing the connection state of the grate arranged adjacently in the width direction of the hearth The top view of the principal part of the grate which (a) to (c) shows another embodiment The top view of the principal part of the grate which (a) to (d) shows another embodiment Partially cutaway perspective view showing the combustion chamber of a conventional municipal waste incinerator (A) and (b) are explanatory drawings of the conventional grate

  Hereinafter, an example of the grate and the hearth of the stoker incinerator according to the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

  Similar to the configuration described in FIG. 8, the stoker type incinerator A includes a hearth B having a stoker mechanism in which a plurality of grates 10 are disposed in a furnace chamber covered with a fireproof wall W, and the lower part thereof. The combustion air supplied from the push-in fan to the air box installed in the air box is supplied to the refuse, which is the material to be incinerated on the hearth B, through the grate 10.

  In each grate 10, a fixed grate group 10A whose base end portion is swingably supported by a cylindrical support rod C1 mounted on a fixed frame C, and a fixed frame C in the waste transport direction Movable grate groups 10B whose base end portions are swingably supported by a cylindrical support rod D1 straddled by a movable frame D that reciprocates along are alternately arranged along the dust transport direction. There is. A plurality of grate groups 10A and 10B arranged in parallel in the width direction are sandwiched by a pair of side plates disposed on both sides of the furnace chamber, and the side plates are pressed by a spring from the outside toward the center direction There is.

  When the movable frame D is driven to reciprocate by the hydraulic mechanism E, the movable grate group 10B and the fixed grate group 10A move relative to each other, and the material to be incinerated on the hearth B is agitated on the downstream side. It is transported.

  A burner for combustion is provided at a ceiling portion of the furnace chamber, and the heat of the burner for combustion burns while the material to be incinerated on the hearth B is stirred and conveyed.

  In FIG. 8, the central hearth B constitutes a main combustion zone mainly for gasification combustion, and additional hearths are provided upstream and downstream. The upstream hearth Bu mainly constitutes a drying zone for drying the material to be incinerated, and the downstream hearth Bd constitutes a post-combustion zone for ashing the solid matter after gasification combustion. In some cases, the hearth Bu on the upstream side and the hearth B in the center are integrally formed.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, each grate 10 constituting each hearth Bu, B, Bd has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape with its bottom portion opened, and has left and right side walls 11 and 12 and an upper wall 13 ( In the following description, the upper surface of the upper wall is also referred to as “rear surface 13”), and the front end wall 14 is provided. A pair of arc-shaped locking claws 15 are formed on the base end opposite to the front end wall 14.

  The lower edge of the front end wall 14 is formed in a straight line, and the lower edges of the left and right side walls 11, 12 connected to the front end wall 14 are slightly directed from the lower edge of the front end wall 14 toward the proximal end of the grate 10. It is formed into an inclined surface that inclines upward, and is further bent upward along the longitudinal direction of the grate 10 at a point about 1/3 of the tip.

  Although FIG. 8 shows an example in which the surface enveloping the tip of the grate 10 is in the horizontal posture, the envelope surface is configured to be inclined along the transport direction of the incinerator material. For example, it may be configured to be inclined downward along the transport direction of the incinerator material.

  In addition, through holes h1 and h2 for connecting fittings for connecting the grate 10 adjacent to each other at a location about 1/3 from the tip along the longitudinal direction of the grate 10 among the left and right side walls 11 and 12 are formed. It is done.

  A plurality of grates 10 are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction of the furnace chamber, and the locking claws 15 on the base end side can be pivoted to the support rods C1 of the fixed frame C or the support rods D1 of the movable frame D (see FIG. 8) By engaging, each grate 10 is swingably supported around the support rods C1 and D1.

Further, the lower portion of the tip end side of the grate 10, that is , the lower portion of the front end wall 14 located on the upstream side in the conveyance direction of the incineration material is disposed in contact with the back surface 13 of each grate 10 The lower portion of the front end wall 14 is disposed to abut on the back surface of the grate 10 on the downstream side in the transport direction.

  That is, each grate 10 forms a hearth of a stoker type incinerator that receives and transports the incineration material by relative movement with the other grate 10.

On the back surface 13 of each grate 10 , a reference flat surface 13B, which is a reference surface formed in a belt shape along the transport direction, and a reference flat surface 13B are formed along the reference flat surface 13B and project several mm above the reference flat surface 13B. A convex flat surface 13H which is a convex surface and a concave flat surface 13L which is a concave surface which is formed along the reference flat surface 13B and which is recessed several mm below the standard flat surface 13B, the convex flat surface 13H and the concave The flat surfaces 13L are formed at different positions along the transport direction. In FIG. 1A, a double straight line indicating the boundary between the convex flat surface 13H and the concave flat surface 13L is a line indicating both ends of the tapered surface 13T that switches from the convex flat surface 13H to the concave flat surface 13L.

  The convex flat surface 13H protruding upward from the reference flat surface 13B becomes a first region R1 (hereinafter, referred to as "first band-like region R1"), and the concave flat surface 13L recessed downward from the reference flat surface 13B is a first region R1. It becomes 2 area | region R2 (it is hereafter described as "2nd strip | belt-shaped area | region R2"). Then, the positions at which the first band-like region R1 and the second band-like region R2 are formed are switched in the width direction of the grate 10 along the transport direction.

In the first band-like region R1, a gap is formed on the side of the reference flat surface 13B sandwiching the convex flat surface 13H, and in the second band-like region R2, a gap is formed on the side of the concave flat surface 13L sandwiched by the reference flat surface 13B. From the base end side where the first band-like region R1 is formed to the switching position, mechanical wear is caused by sliding between the lower portion of the tip side of the upstream grate abutting on the back surface and the convex flat surface 13H. There is a tendency for burnout to occur in the gap between the reference flat surface 13B and the lower portion on the tip side of the upstream grate on which the combustion air is supplied. Between the lower end of the upstream grate in contact with the back surface and the reference flat surface 13B, mechanical abrasion occurs between the switching position where the second band R2 is formed and the front end , and the reference flat surface 13B, There is a tendency for burnout to occur at the gap between the lower portion on the tip end side of the upstream grate to which the combustion air is supplied and the recess flat surface 13L.

  According to the above-described configuration, mechanical wear and burnout both progress in the first band-like region R1 and the second band-like region R2, so that the size of the gap from which the combustion air blows out does not change significantly over time. Will be kept. Also, the layer of the material to be incinerated is apt to be thin at the tip side of the grate on which the second belt-like region R2 is formed, and burning tends to occur at a high temperature compared to the proximal side. However, since air is supplied from the concave flat surface sandwiched by the reference flat surface 13B, even if air is also supplied from the gap between the adjacent grates in the width direction, The temperature rise can be suppressed. In addition, even if there is a step at the boundary between the convex flat surface 13H and the concave flat surface 13L, the incineration material can be smoothly transported to the downstream side.

The protrusion height H1 from the reference flat surface 13B to the convex flat surface 13H and the depression depth H2 from the reference flat surface 13B to the concave flat surface 13L are set to the same value (see FIG. 3). Further, the convex flat surface 13H and the concave flat surface 13L are formed to have the same width W1, and the width W2 of the reference flat surface 13B disposed on both sides of the convex flat surface 13H and the concave flat surface 13L (= W2 / 2 + W2 // 2) are formed in the same width (see FIG. 3). Combustion air is supplied from a gap formed between the back surface 13 of the grate 10 and the lower end of the other grate in contact with the back surface 13 on the tip side.

  That is, the total length of the reference flat surface 13B and the total length of the convex portion flat surface 13H, and the total length of the reference flat surface 13B and the total length of the recess flat surface 13L are equal along the width direction intersecting the transport direction. Thus, the amount of air blown out from each gap can be well-balanced along the width direction intersecting the transport direction.

  In FIGS. 4A to 4D, the posture of the movable grate 10M supported by the movable frame relative to the fixed grate 10F supported by the fixed frame and the front face of the front end wall 14 when moving relative to each other. The visual condition is shown.

FIG. 4 (a), the as shown in (b), when the reference flat surface 13B of the back of the movable grate 10M on the front end side of the lower and the fixed grate 10F 13 abuts has a lower portion of the front end side A gap AG1 is formed between the recess flat surface 13L.

FIG. 4 (c), the as shown in (d), when the convex portion flat surface 13L of the rear 13 of the movable grate 10M on the front end side of the lower and the fixed grate 10F abuts the lower portion of the front end side An air gap AG2 is formed between the and the reference flat surface 13B.

Therefore, when the position of the back surface in contact with the lower portion on the tip end side changes due to the relative movement between the grate 10M and 10F, the width direction of the furnace chamber moves along the supply site of the combustion air, that is, the transport direction. Since the supply site along the direction changes, the occurrence of local abnormal combustion is effectively suppressed.

  When the gap AG for air blowing changes in a moving range of the movable grate 10M reciprocating with respect to the fixed grate 10F and the moving speed of the movable grate 10M is constant, the formation time of the air gap AG1 and the air gap The lengths in the longitudinal direction of the convex portion flat surface 13H and the concave portion flat surface 13L are set so that the formation time of AG2 is equal.

  In FIG. 1 (b), the longitudinal length of the concave flat surface 13L appears to be longer than the convex flat surface 13H, but it is equal based on the movement range of the position of the lower front end of the grate actually in contact with the rear surface 13. Become. In addition, when the movable grate 10M moves toward the tip side of the fixed grate 10F, the elevation angle gradually increases. Accordingly, the contact position of the fixed grate F with the back surface 13 is the movable grate 10M. The position changes to a position slightly withdrawn from the lower edge of the front end wall 14.

  That is, the movable grate 10M and the fixed grate 10F are moved in the transport direction so that the combustion air is supplied from the gaps AG1 and AG2 formed by the back surface 13 and the lower portion of the tip side of the grate 10 in contact with the back surface 13. It is configured to be alternately arranged along the gap, and the formation position of the gaps AG1 and AG2 is configured to be changed at the switching position of the convex flat surface 13H and the concave flat surface 13L due to the relative movement between the grates.

  When the distal end side of the movable grate 10M moves to the distal end side of the fixed grate 10F on the downstream side, the distal end side of the fixed grate 10F on the relatively upstream side abuts on the back surface on the proximal end of the movable grate 10M. . On the other hand, when the tip side of the movable grate 10M moves to the base end side of the fixed grate 10F on the downstream side, the tip side of the fixed grate 10F on the relatively upstream side abuts on the tip side back of the movable grate 10M. It will be. Therefore, since the supply site of the combustion air changes in the opposite direction on the upstream side and the downstream side across the movable grate 10M, the incineration is more uniformly performed while effectively suppressing the occurrence of the local abnormal combustion. It becomes possible to supply combustion air to the object.

As understood from the above description, the area of the gap formed by the lower portion on the tip side of the grate in contact with the convex flat surface 13H and the reference flat surface 13B and the grate in contact with the reference flat surface 13B. The area of the gap formed by the lower portion on the tip end side and the concave flat surface 13H is configured to be equal.

  Therefore, the fluctuation of the air amount of the combustion air blown out to the incinerator material from the respective gaps AG1 and AG2 switched with the relative movement of the grate 10 is suppressed, and the balance is maintained.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c), convex portions 11a and 12a in contact with the adjacent grate 10 are formed on the side wall portions 11 and 12 on the base end side, and from the convex portions 11a and 12a An air gap AG3 is formed between the side wall portions 11 and 12 on the downstream side in the transport direction.

  Combustion air is supplied to the incinerator material from the gap AG3. Therefore, the combustion air is supplied not only from the gaps AG1 and AG2 formed at the tip of each grate 10 but also from the gap AG3 between the adjacent grates, and as a whole, the material to be incinerated becomes more uniform. The combustion air is supplied.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 3 (b) to 3 (d), on the back surface of the upper wall 13 of the grate 10, substantially plural reinforcing ribs 16 of the grate 10 are formed to be suspended. It is also a reinforcement for reducing the thickness of the back surface 13 by forming the concave flat surface 13L.

  Since the temperature rise on the tip side of the grate 10 is large, the drooping length of the reinforcing rib 16 is longer on the tip side of the grate 10 compared to the base end side, that is, the heat dissipation area is larger. To enhance the heat dissipation effect. The lower insertion hole h1 described below is adjusted to such an extent that the lower insertion hole h1 is not shielded by the reinforcing rib 16.

  The number of reinforcing ribs 16 is not particularly limited, as long as a predetermined strength can be obtained. For example, when the width of the grate 10 is long, the number of reinforcing ribs 16 can be increased more than when the width is short.

  Such an example is shown in FIG. 5B, and eight reinforcing ribs 16 more than the six reinforcing ribs 16 shown in FIG. 3 are formed. As shown in the drawing, in the upper insertion holes h2 formed in the left and right side walls 11 and 12 of the grate 10 disposed adjacently in the lateral width direction, a pin P having a circular cross section as a connection fitting is passed. The length of the pin P is set to a distance slightly shorter than the distance between the adjacent reinforcing ribs 16 of the side walls 11 and 12 and is prevented by the reinforcing ribs 16 from each other. Even if the pin P inserted into the insertion hole h2 is not fastened and fixed, the reinforcing rib 16 is secured in place to prevent the grate 10 from being assembled.

  A bolt b is inserted as a connection fitting between the lower insertion holes h1 and fixed by a double nut n. That is, the size of the gap formed between the side wall portions is achieved by the pin P and the bolt b serving as connecting rods for connecting the grates to one another and the connecting rods being mounted via the insertion holes between the adjacently arranged grates Fluctuations will be suppressed.

  When starting up the furnace, keep it fixed with pin P, and when a part of the grate needs to be replaced due to burnout or breakage, cut the pin P to remove the grate and adjoin the new grate The grate to be fixed is fixed by the bolt b and the nut n via the lower insertion hole h1.

  In the hearth B of the above-described stoker type incinerator, a plurality of types of fire grates 10 having different sizes in the width direction are arranged in a matrix in the direction in which the waste conveying direction and the waste conveying direction cross.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (a), a first grate group 10A in which a plurality of fire gratings having different lengths in the width direction are arranged adjacent to each other in the width direction in a predetermined arrangement and a width direction in an arrangement different from the predetermined arrangement And a second grate group 10B disposed adjacent to each other are alternately arranged along the transport direction.

  In the present embodiment, two types of grates 10 having different sizes in the width direction are used, and the first grate group 10A constituting the movable grate group is wider from one width direction end (lower end in FIG. 5A). The grate 10 (the hatched grate in FIG. 5 (a)) is connected in four and the narrow grate is connected in six.

  Further, the second grate group 10B constituting the fixed grate group is a wide grate 10 (the hatched grate in FIG. 5A) from the other end in the width direction (the upper end in FIG. 5A). There are 4 connected and the narrow grate of 6 connected.

  With this configuration, the position adjacent to each grate 10 in the first grate group 10A and the position adjacent to the grate 10 in the second grate group 10B are misaligned in the direction in which the dust transport direction intersects. Therefore, the blowing position of the combustion air can be moved to the left and right along the transport direction, and the combustion air can be supplied to the incinerator more uniformly.

  In this embodiment, the wide first grate 10 is connected in four and the narrow second grate is connected in six. However, it is not necessary to connect grates of the same width. The adjacent positions of the grate constituting the first grate group 10A and the second grate group 10B may be configured to be shifted between the respective groups. For example, wide and narrow grates may be alternately arranged in the width direction. The present invention is not limited to the combination of two wide and narrow grates, and may be configured by combining three or more different grates having different widths.

  As described above, in the case where the plurality of grates 10 having different lengths in the width direction are configured by the wide first grate and the second grate narrower than the first grate, the incinerator can be a gas It is also possible to make the use ratio of the first grate and the second grate different between the main combustion zone to be burned and the post-combustion zone to incinerate the material to be incinerated after the gasification combustion has been completed.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), a configuration in which the wide first grate 10 is connected in four and the narrow second grate is connected in six is adopted as the main combustion zone, and the wide first A configuration in which the grate 10 is connected in five and the narrow second grate is connected in four may be adopted as the post-combustion zone. That is, the usage ratio of the second grate to the first grate is configured to be larger in the main combustion zone than in the post combustion zone.

  In the main combustion zone where a large amount of combustion air is required, the number of second grates that are narrower than the number of wide first grates is increased to increase the gap between adjacent grates, and combustion air is used. Suitable for each combustion zone by reducing the number of second grates that are narrower than the number of wide first grates so that there is less gap between adjacent grates in the post-combustion zone where less need is required It enables distributed air supply.

  If the ratio of use of the first grate and the second grate is different depending on the combustion zone, the width of the grate group does not become the same in each combustion zone configured to a fixed furnace width, and some size shortage occurs May. In this case, the lack of size can be absorbed by again adjusting the position of the plate by pressing each grate group from the side to the center.

Hereinafter, another embodiment of the present invention will be described.
When the lower edge of the front end wall of the grate that abuts the back side moves along the longitudinal direction of the grate 10 across the convex flat surface and the concave flat surface, it is formed along the dust transport direction It is preferable that the lengths of the convex flat surface and the concave flat surface along the transport direction be equal.

  When the formation position of the gap to which the combustion air is supplied is switched in accordance with the relative movement of the grate, since the lengths along the conveying direction of the convex flat surface and the concave flat surface are equal, the air blown out from each gap The amount can be easily adjusted to the desired value, and the relative movement unit can well balance the amount of air blown out from each gap.

  Although an example was described in which the widths of the convex flat surface and the concave flat surface are constant along the longitudinal direction of the grate, the widths of the convex flat surface and the concave flat surface are along the longitudinal direction of the grate. It may be configured to change.

  As shown in FIG. 6 (a), for example, the width of the convex flat surface 13H becomes gradually smaller from the base end along the longitudinal direction of the grate, and the width of the concave flat surface 13L is along the longitudinal direction of the grate The width of the convex flat surface 13H gradually increases from the proximal side along the longitudinal direction of the grate, and the width of the concave flat surface 13L in the longitudinal direction of the grate Even if the grate gradually narrowing from the base end side is arranged adjacent to each other, two grates are configured so that the width 2 × (W20 + W21) of the reference flat surface and the width W10 + W11 of the convex flat surface 13H become equal. Good. In this case, the height of the convex portion flat surface 13H and the depth of the concave portion flat surface 13L are configured to be the same.

When the relative movement speed between the grates is constant, a gap AG1 formed between the lower portion on the tip side of the grate and the concave flat surface 13L, the lower portion on the tip side of the grate, and the reference flat surface 13B It is preferable that the areas of the air gaps AG2 be configured to be equal between them.

  Alternatively, the area of the air gap AG1 may be equal to the area of the air gap AG2 as a group of two grates interconnected in the width direction or as a group of a plurality of more than one grate. Therefore, the aspect shown in FIG. 6A or the aspect in which the height of the convex flat surface 13H gradually changes or the depth of the concave flat surface 13L gradually changes may be adopted. You may comprise in the aspect which combined the aspect.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), a configuration in which the convex flat surface 13H and the concave flat surface 13L are switched a plurality of times along the longitudinal direction of the grate, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), A plurality of convex flat surfaces 13H or concave flat surfaces 13L may be configured along the width direction of the.

  As shown in FIG. 7A, the concave flat surface 13L may be formed on the base end side along the conveyance direction of the incineration material, and the convex flat surface 13H may be formed on the distal end side.

  As shown in FIG. 7 (b), a reference plane 13B is provided at the center in the width direction of the grate along the conveyance direction of the material to be incinerated, and the concave flat surface 13L is on the proximal side across the reference plane 13B. It may be formed and convex part flat face 13H may be formed in the tip side.

As shown in FIG. 7C, the band-like region R constituted by the concave flat surface 13L is formed along the conveyance direction, and the formation position of the band-like region R is displaced in the direction crossing the conveyance direction. It may be formed as. In this case, an air gap is formed between the lower portion on the tip end side of the grate in contact with the back surface and the concave flat surface 13L, and the formation position of the air gap is stepwise displaced along the transport direction as shown in FIG. And may be configured to be gradually displaced.

  As shown in FIG. 7 (d), a band-like region R constituted by the convex flat surface 13H is formed along the transport direction, and the formation position of the band-like region R is displaced in the direction crossing the transport direction. It may be configured to

  That is, in the grate according to the present invention, a band-like region R constituted by the convex flat surface 13H and / or the concave flat surface 13H is formed on the back surface along the transport direction and the formation position of the band-like region R May be formed so as to be displaced in the direction crossing the transport direction.

If such a configuration is adopted, combustion air is supplied from the gap formed between the back surface of the grate and the lower portion of the tip side of the upstream grate in contact with the back surface. For example, when the lower end of the grate on the upstream side abuts against the back surface of the grate, an air gap is formed on the side along the convex flat surface which is a band-like area, and the concave flat surface which is a band-like area An air gap is formed. Since such a region is displaced in the direction crossing the transport direction, the supply site of the combustion air changes accordingly, and the occurrence of local abnormal combustion is effectively suppressed. The aspect of the change may be stepwise or continuous.

  Also, as compared with the conventional configuration where combustion air is uniformly supplied from the lower front end of the grate, high pressure combustion air is supplied from a narrow gap whose position changes due to relative transfer of the grate. As a result, the ash can be blown off or the burning of the incinerator can be further promoted.

  Also, the movable grate and the fixed grate are alternately arranged along the transport direction so that the combustion air is supplied from the gap formed by the back surface and the lower portion of the grate tip side contacting the back surface. The position of the gap may be changed according to the displacement of the band-like region by relative movement.

  Further, the band-like region is constituted by a first flat-like region constituted by a reference flat surface and a convex flat surface projecting upward from the reference flat surface, and a reference flat surface and a concave flat surface recessed downward from the reference flat surface. The second belt-like region may be formed so as to switch between the first belt-like region and the second belt-like region along the transport direction.

  The embodiment described above is merely an example of the present invention, and it is needless to say that the specific structure, shape, material, size, and the like of each part can be appropriately changed and designed as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.

10: grate 10A: fixed grate group 10B: movable grate group 10F: fixed grate 10M: movable grate 11, 12: side wall 13: back surface (upper wall)
13B: reference flat surface 13H: convex flat surface 13L: concave flat surface 13T: tapered surface 14: front end wall 15: locking claw 16: reinforcing rib A: stoker type incinerator AG1, AG2, AG3: air gap B: hearth (Combustion zone)
Bu: Hearth (drying zone)
Bd: Hearth (post-combustion zone)
C: Fixed frame C
C1: support rod D: movable frame D1: support rods h1, h2: insertion holes

Claims (14)

The proximal end is supported, and the lower end on the distal end abuts the back of the grate on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the incineration material, and the lower end on the tip side of the upstream grate in the conveyance direction abuts on the back A grate forming a hearth of a stoker-type incinerator which is disposed as described above and receives the material to be incinerated at the rear surface by relative movement between the grate on the upstream side or the downstream side in the conveying direction ; ,
The combustion air is supplied from a gap formed by not contacting between the back surface and the lower end of the upstream side grate that contacts the back surface, and the gap is formed by the relative movement. A grate that is configured to change its formation position . An area constituted by a convex surface and / or a concave surface is formed on the back surface in the conveying direction, and a formation position of the convex surface and / or the concave surface in the direction intersecting the conveying direction is The region is formed so as to be displaced along the transport direction, and the region is constituted by a reference region and a first region constituted by a convex surface projecting upward from the reference surface, and a recess surface recessed downward from the reference surface. The grate according to claim 1, wherein the grate is formed so as to switch between the first area and the second area along the transport direction. The proximal end is supported, and the lower end on the distal end abuts the back of the grate on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the incineration material, and the lower end on the tip side of the upstream grate in the conveyance direction abuts on the back A grate forming a hearth of a stoker-type incinerator which is disposed as described above and receives the material to be incinerated at the rear surface by relative movement between the grate on the upstream side or the downstream side in the conveying direction; ,
An area constituted by a convex surface and / or a concave surface is formed on the back surface in the conveying direction, and a formation position of the convex surface and / or the concave surface in the direction intersecting the conveying direction is The region is formed so as to be displaced along the transport direction, and the region is constituted by a reference region and a first region constituted by a convex surface projecting upward from the reference surface, and a recess surface recessed downward from the reference surface. A grate including a second area to be switched between the first area and the second area along the transport direction. The grate according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the convex surface is a flat surface. Together with the first region such that the convex surface on the base reference plane formed on both sides is sandwiched are configured along the width direction, the concave is sandwiched between the base reference plane that is formed on both sides along the width direction The grate according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein the second region is configured, and the first region is formed on the proximal side and the second region is formed on the distal side. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the area of the gap formed between the back surface and the lower portion of the tip end side of the upstream grate in contact with the back surface is equal at the time of the relative movement. Grate described in. The grate according to any one of claims 2 to 6 , wherein the lengths of the first area and the second area along the transport direction are equal. Of the gap formed by the back surface and the lower portion of the tip end side of the upstream grate in contact with the back surface during the relative movement, the length along the width direction intersecting with the transport direction is equal. grate according to any of claims 1, which is 7. Among the gaps formed by the back surface and the lower portion of the tip side of the upstream grate in contact with the back surface during the relative movement, the lengths in the height direction are equal. The grate according to any one of 1 to 8 . The side wall portion of the proximal-side convex portion abuts is formed on the grate disposed adjacent the said downstream side from the protrusion claim 1, gaps are formed between the side wall 9 of the The grate according to any one. An insertion hole for connecting rods for connecting the grates arranged adjacent to each other to the side wall portion on the tip side is formed, and a reinforcing rib is formed to project downward from the back surface to face the insertion hole. The grate according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein connecting rods for connecting the grate to each other are configured to be secured by means of each reinforcing rib. A hearth of a stoker-type incinerator in which the grate according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is arrayed in the transport direction and a direction intersecting the transport direction,
A first grate group in which a plurality of grates having different lengths in the width direction are arranged adjacent in the width direction in a predetermined arrangement, and a second grate group arranged adjacent in the width direction in an arrangement different from the predetermined arrangement A hearth of a stoker incinerator in which and are alternately arranged along the transport direction. A plurality of grates having different lengths in the width direction are constituted by a wide first grate and a second grate narrower than the first grate, and a main combustion zone for gasifying and burning an object to be incinerated The hearth of the stoker incinerator according to claim 12 , wherein the ratio of use of the first grate and the second grate is made different in the post-combustion zone where the incineration material after the gasification combustion is incinerated. . The hearth of the stoker incinerator according to claim 13 , wherein a use ratio of the second grate to the first grate is configured to be larger in the main combustion zone than in the post combustion zone.

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