JP6556804B2 - Methods for creating machine work - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to the field of power plant engineering (power engineering), and can be applied to convert the kinetic energy and thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical work.

  There are known methods for converting the kinetic energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in an engine with rotational movement of the working element. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,282,560 (January 11, 1966), CH669428 (March 15, 1989), and RU2200848 (March 20, 2003) are mechanical components in a gas turbine. It covers a method for producing energy, in which compressed gas energy is converted into shaft mechanical work in a blade system. At the same time, the working medium is fed into the channel of the turbine rotor and accelerated in the outflow from the channel, providing rotation of the rotor.

  The low efficiency of converting the internal energy of the working medium into thermal energy and the low efficiency of converting the compressed working medium's thermal energy into mechanical energy are common drawbacks of the known methods. The low efficiency of converting the heat energy of the compressed working medium into mechanical energy is, inter alia, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (in the framework of the known principles of operation of heat engines) The efficiency factor of this is not dependent on its design and the type of working medium, rather it is explained by the fact that it is determined by the temperature difference of the working medium inside the heat engine and at its outflow Yes.

  One feasible and effective technique that makes the best use of the thermal energy of the working medium is to regenerate it after it has been used in a power turbine. However, in traditionally designed gas turbine engines, heat energy regeneration occurs in the heat exchanger and as a result does not produce a significant effect.

  There are known methods for converting thermal energy into mechanical work, based on additionally converting the internal heat of the working medium into its kinetic energy and further into mechanical energy. In this case, supplemental kinetic energy is generated from a portion of the heat that is removed to the thermal receiver during a known thermodynamic cycle.

  In another known method, supplemental kinetic energy of the working medium is extracted by means of a directional spatial orientation of its microvolume (patent RU2134354, 10 August 1999). According to the methods covered by patents RU2006589 (January 30, 1994) and RU2031230 (March 20, 1995), the thermodynamic state of the working medium changes before the working medium is introduced into the turbine. And rotational motion is imparted to the working medium at different angles with respect to the turbine rotor shaft. In this case, the flow conditions that are generated for the working medium (in particular, a specific distribution of the peripheral velocity of the working medium's microvolume is provided as a function of the distance to the rotor shaft) is that part of its heat is An increment to its own rotational movement is generated spontaneously.

  A known method for converting the thermal and kinetic energy of the working medium into mechanical work, covered by the patent RU2084645 (July 20, 1997) was pre-compressed before reaching the blades of the centripetal turbine. The fact that the working medium is spirally swung through the guide assembly, then directed to the acceleration chamber, expanded and cooled, and after dynamic pressure is applied to the turbine blades, the working medium is compressed. Based on. In this case, by selecting the optimum angle of the swirl with respect to the working medium flow in the guide assembly, a higher conversion efficiency factor is realized, which increases the unit mass velocity of the working medium approaching the axis of rotation. To make sure. According to the inventor, this is an essential condition for transferring partial heat to rotational motion without increasing the volume of the working medium and thus for a higher conversion efficiency factor. It is.

  It can be seen that the efficiency factor gain in the described method is not critical due to the need to adapt the guide assembly and turbine blade geometry.

  The technical result aimed at by the present invention lies in the development of an economical method for producing mechanical energy by its relatively easy implementation.

  A method for generating mechanical work, the method comprising: rotating a pre-compressed working medium; and generating a mechanical work in the form of a rotation of the shaft of the working device. In a method comprising expanding and discharging the working medium from the device, the working medium is swung directly through the working device along a spatial trajectory in the form of a conical helix. The defined technical result is realized by the fact that its projection on a plane positioned at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of rotation is a curve with at least two cutting points. A curved segment may be shaped as a hyperbolic helix. The lead of the conical helix in the frontal plane passing through the axis of rotation can be made variable. The working medium can be a liquid or a gas. Ejecting the working medium from the working device can be accomplished by at least two jets. In certain cases, the working medium is discharged into a closed shell. In certain cases, the shell is made in the form of a blade turbine and is mounted with the ability to rotate.

  According to the canonical correlation analysis geometry, the spatial trajectory of the working medium as an arbitrary quadratic 3D curve can be uniquely represented by its planar projection at an angle with respect to the axis of rotation, All points of the curve correspond to the points of the space curve. For this reason, to create a published trajectory execution algorithm, its projection at an angle to the axis of rotation, in particular, its orthogonal projection (shown at right angles to the axis of rotation) shown in FIG. ) As a space curve.

  A conical helix with at least two cut points represents a piecewise smooth curve composed of three parts, each of which is described using the following canonical parameter equation: The

First part: conical spiral segment (0 <t <t ₁ )

x = at cos t, y = at sin t, z = bt,
here,

,

,

Is the basis vector,
x, y, z, and t are variables.
a and b are constants selected for maximum efficiency.

t ₁ and t ₂ are conical spiral cutting points.

Second part: straight line segment between inflection points (t ₁ ≦ t ≦ t ₂ )

Third part: Conical spiral segment (t> t ₂ ) according to the same equation as (1)
Any segment of the curve described above can be made in the shape of a hyperbolic helix. As the working medium moves along a hyperbolic helix, an additional “vortex source” is created that has significant energy potential. As a result, it is appropriate to have tail ends of the trajectory in this way, resulting in a swirl working medium jet outcome.

In this case, the segments of the curve are described using the following equation:

Here, α and β are constants selected for maximum efficiency.

  A salient feature of the proposed method is the fact that the trajectory of the working medium movement has a cutting point. The breakpoint on the conical helix is responsible for discontinuous changes in the quantum mechanical state of the system that the operating environment represents (as the applicant has reasonably confirmed). This change initiates the process described above, which gives additional heat dissipation in the vortex and produces the proposed technical result.

  The essence of the proposed method is that an incremental velocity of rotational motion is provided by generating rotational motion from a portion of the heat removed to the thermal receiver during the implementation of a known thermodynamic cycle. It is a fact that.

  The method is based on the description (scientifically and experimentally proven) that heat release in the gas vortex can induce massive azimuthal motion and increase total circulation flow. (“Heat Release as a Mechanism of Self-Sustaining of Gas Vortex Flow”, Yusupaliyev U. et al., Applied Physics, 2000, No. 1, pages 5-10) [1]. This study analyzes the mechanism of converting latent heat energy into kinetic energy of vortex flow, and demonstrates the relationship between the rotational speed of the flow and the conversion factor with the size (geometry) of the working area of the heat source.

The efficiency of converting thermal energy into azimuthal kinetic energy is expressed as:

Here, Derutakappa- kinetic energy increment ΔQ- thermal energy increment Q- thermal energy _{r 1,} r ₂ - a heat source boundary _{(i.e., T 0 ρ 0 c p f} (r) volume density of the heat source _is, r 1 <r <r Working within the area limited by ₂ )
T ₀ -temperature of the heat receiver c _p -heat capacity of the working medium Also, the spatial spectrum of the rotation speed of the vortex score is determined by the function f (r), in which r is the heat It is shown that it is the polar coordinate of the disturbance region.

  The proposed model gives a good explanation of the process that takes place during vortexing (tornado), where heat is released as a result of molecular recombination and assembly.

  On the one hand, Akhiezer A. I. And Berestsky V. V. A study by “Quantum Electrodynamics”, Moscow, Nauka, 1969 [2] has shown that the electron-positron that occurs in the process of generating quantum mechanical resonances with the positron state of Dirac's matter, or It demonstrates that supplementary energy can be released in the form of heat as a result of the production and destruction of other elementary particle pairs. As a triggering action aimed at moving the system containing the working medium to the described quantum mechanical resonance, the required energy density per unit volume of the working medium is generated and the required density of moments, Or the moment is generated. This is achieved by the directional spatial orientation of the micro-volume motion of the working medium by providing step changes in the quantum mechanical state of the described system. In the quantum mechanical sense of this concept, such a forced movement of the working medium along a defined trajectory provides a phase change in the microvolume of the working medium near the trajectory cut point. .

  Thus, the heat release in the vortex is converted to a microvolume rotational motion of the working medium, leading to additional heat release at that turning point. An avalanche process develops, which results in imparting additional torque to the shaft, thus increasing the efficiency of generating mechanical work.

  Additional torque is also imparted to the shaft by working medium outflow from the actuating device of at least two jets tangential to the outer periphery in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft. The dynamic pressure of the jet allows the internal energy of the working medium to be used to the maximum.

  The actuating device is enclosed in a shell that is rotatably mounted with the formation of an annular space, which maintains the working medium at its maximum volume for its further regeneration purposes, Place a closed operating cycle that produces When the shell mounted on the same shaft and the actuation mechanism are tightly coupled, the inner surface of the shell produced by the deceleration of the working medium used is in accordance with the law of conservation of angular momentum. Energy loss can be caused by the fact that the reciprocal moment compensates for the net torque generated on the rotor.

The spatial trajectory of the working medium as an arbitrary quadratic 3D curve. Functional diagram of the device. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an actuation device design shown in cross-section along the axis of rotation of the shaft.

  The method for creating mechanical work can be performed in a given device, and the best embodiment of the given device is described in this section. FIG. 2 represents a functional diagram of the device. FIG. 3 represents a schematic diagram of the actuation device design shown in cross-section along the axis of rotation of the shaft.

  The basic element of the apparatus is an actuating device 1 containing a guide assembly (“swirler”) 2, which forms a spatial trajectory for the working medium. A swirler is a linear bushing with several channels (two in this particular device) in its body, each representing a conical helix with two cut points.

  As stated above, each form of the channel assumes equations (1), (2), given the pre-determined constant values, swirl dimensional specifications, and the need to reach the highest efficiency factor. And (3).

  For the same reason, it is possible to select the conical helix step as a variable.

  Based on the operating formula described above, the Applicant generates a program, under which the device with numerical control creates mechanical work on the workpiece and the required form Channel in the body.

  The swirl vane 2 is firmly fixed on the shaft 3, which is the axis of the device and is surrounded by a shell 4 that is rotatably mounted. In certain cases, the shell of the actuation device is made in the form of a blade turbine.

  A clearance exists between the swirler and the shell, allowing the working medium to flow out of the channel. The working device is equipped with an inlet pipe branch 5 for the working medium and an outlet nozzle 6 for discharging the working medium from the working device.

  Mechanically coupled to the shaft of the actuating device is a mechanical energy sink shaft 7 (eg, an electric machine rotor shaft) and a compressor shaft 8. The compressor outlet is closed on the inlet pipe branch of the actuation device, while the inlet is closed on the outlet pipe branch to provide a closed cycle that produces mechanical energy .

  In order to simplify the process of implementation of the channel 9 in the workpiece body, the workpiece body can be composed of two parts.

  The method for creating machine work is implemented as follows.

  The working medium (water, viscous fluid, gas) precompressed in the compressor 8 is supplied to the swirler 2 via the inlet pipe branch 5 of the actuating device, where it has its body part. Is swung along a trajectory determined by the shape of the channel 9 in the. The working medium flows through each of the channels in a direction tangential to a circle that lies in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft, generating a reaction force that torques the working device.

  The heat released due to the movement of the operating moment on the calculated path representing the conical helix with the cut imparts additional torque to the operating device.

  The flow enters the cavity enclosed within the shell at high speed and interacts with the shell through friction. Lower friction losses are achieved by making the shell rotatable or by making the shell in the form of a blade turbine.

  The rotation of the actuating device shaft causes rotation of the shaft of a mechanical user sink such as an electric motor.

  The used working medium returns from the outlet nozzle 6 to the inlet of the compressor for recycling.

  The method can be applied industrially to produce mechanical energy in power engineering, transportation, and other industries where the efficiency of the heat engine plays an important role.

Claims (5)

A method for producing mechanical work, said method comprising swiveling a pre-compressed working medium and expanding the working medium in an actuating device to produce mechanical work in the form of a shaft rotation. And expelling the working medium from the working device, wherein the working medium is swung through the working device along a spatial trajectory in the form of a conical helix. The projection of the working medium on a plane positioned at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of rotation is a curve having at least two cutting points;
Of the spatial trajectory in the form of the conical helix, the trajectory f1 (t) along the curve of the portion excluding the interval between the two cutting points satisfies the following Equation 1 and the two cutting points. A trajectory f2 (t) between satisfies the following formula 2.

  The method of claim 1, wherein the curved segment is shaped as a hyperbolic helix.   The method of claim 1, wherein discharging the working medium from the working device is accomplished by at least two jets. The method of claim 3 , wherein the working medium is discharged into a closed shell. The method of claim 4 , wherein the shell is made in the form of a blade turbine and is mounted with the ability to rotate.

Images