JP6576291B2 - Variable directional antenna device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an antenna device, and more particularly to a variable directivity antenna device that enables variable control of antenna directivity.

  The antenna device is widely used in, for example, a radar system and a wireless communication system, and the antenna device is required to have a high gain in order to enable transmission and reception of weak radio waves. In the case of a radar system, it is required to detect a target within a wide angle range, and in the case of a wireless communication system, it is required to communicate with a communication terminal within a wide angle range. Wide coverage is also required. However, there is a problem in that it is difficult to achieve both high gain characteristics and wide coverage characteristics because increasing the gain and wide coverage of the antenna device are mutually contradictory requirements. As one method for dealing with this problem, a variable directivity antenna can be employed. The variable directivity antenna can obtain high gain characteristics by switching the antenna directivity in accordance with the desired transmission direction or reception direction of radio waves. Such a variable directivity antenna is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 (International Publication No. 2009/050883) and Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-120150).

  The variable directivity antenna disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used to supply a control voltage and a feeding antenna element formed of a half-wave dipole antenna element, a pair of parasitic antenna elements provided so as to sandwich the feeding antenna element, and Accordingly, a PIN diode for operating each parasitic antenna element as a reflector or a director, a control line for supplying the control voltage to the anode terminal of the PIN diode, and a cathode terminal of the PIN diode are connected to the ground terminal. A control line and inductors connected to the control lines are provided. The inductor prevents leakage of a high-frequency signal excited by a parasitic antenna to the control line, and prevents undesirable resonance of the control line.

  In order to cover a wide area, it is desirable that the antenna directivity can be variably controlled in two dimensions (for example, in a vertical plane and a horizontal plane). In the variable directivity antenna of Patent Document 1, since non-excitation elements are provided only on both sides of the excitation element, the antenna directivity can be varied only in one dimension. In contrast, the variable directivity antenna disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a patch antenna that is a rectangular excitation element, and four non-excitation elements (parasitic elements) provided in parallel with the four sides of the patch antenna. ) And a plurality of switches that can change the electrical length of each non-excitation element. The antenna directivity can be variably controlled in two dimensions by individually changing the electrical lengths of the four non-excitation elements by turning on / off the plurality of switches. However, since the variable directivity antenna of Patent Document 2 does not include an inductor, unlike the variable directivity antenna of Patent Document 1, leakage of a high-frequency signal excited by the patch antenna to the control line and the control line are desirable. Hard to prevent no resonance.

International Publication No. 2009/050883 (eg, FIG. 1 and paragraphs 0031-0033) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2012-120150 (for example, FIGS. 12A to 12C)

  However, in the variable directional antenna of Patent Document 1, when the operating frequency of the variable directional antenna is increased, the inductor self-resonant frequency is close to the operating frequency, thereby degrading the inductance characteristics of the inductor. As a result, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain high gain characteristics even if the antenna directivity is switched. In the variable directivity antenna of Patent Document 1, an inductor is provided for each of the control line for control voltage and the control line for grounding. Mounting a large number of inductors in this manner increases the manufacturing cost of the variable directivity antenna and causes a problem of yield reduction.

  In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a variable directivity antenna device capable of obtaining high gain characteristics without using an inductor.

  The variable directivity antenna device according to one aspect of the present invention includes an excitation element formed as a part of a conductor element layer, and the conductor element at a position shifted from the excitation element in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the excitation element. One or a plurality of non-excitation elements formed as another part of the layer, a control conductor layer disposed at a position away from the conductor element layer in the thickness direction, and the excitation element and the control conductor layer. A grounding conductor layer interposed between each of the non-excitation elements and the control conductor layer; and from each of the non-excitation elements to the control conductor layer without being electrically short-circuited with the grounding conductor layer. A control line extending in the thickness direction; and a ground line extending in the thickness direction from an electrical short-circuit point of each non-excitation element to the ground conductor layer, and each non-excitation element is linearly formed. The formed linear conductor element and the bending including the bent portion A conductor element; and a switch element that opens and closes an electrical connection between the bent conductor element and the linear conductor element in accordance with a control voltage supplied from the control conductor layer via the control line. The bent conductor element includes a linear conductor element portion extending from the bent portion to a position facing one end portion of the linear conductor element, and a direction different from the extending direction of the conductor element portion. A conductor wiring portion extending from the bent portion to the electrical short-circuit point, wherein the linear conductor element, the switch element, and the conductor element portion are connected linearly and in series. To do.

  According to the present invention, high gain characteristics can be obtained even when the antenna directivity is switched without using an inductor.

It is a schematic block diagram of the conductor element layer which comprises the variable directivity antenna apparatus which is Embodiment 1 which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the schematic cross section of the antenna apparatus in the II-II line | wire of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the antenna apparatus in the III-III line of FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ground conductor layer constituting the antenna device of the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a control conductor layer constituting the antenna device of the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the schematic cross section of the variable directivity antenna apparatus which is Embodiment 2 which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of the conductor element layer which comprises the variable directivity antenna apparatus which is Embodiment 3 which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the antenna apparatus in the VIII-VIII line of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the antenna apparatus in the IX-IX line of FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ground conductor layer that constitutes a variable directivity antenna device according to a third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a control conductor layer that constitutes a variable directivity antenna device according to a third embodiment. It is a figure which shows roughly the structural example of the variable directivity antenna apparatus which is Embodiment 4 which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows roughly the structural example of the variable directivity antenna apparatus which is Embodiment 5 which concerns on this invention.

  Hereinafter, various embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the component to which the same code | symbol was attached | subjected in the whole drawing shall have the same structure and the same function.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
1-5 is a figure which shows schematic structure of the variable directivity antenna apparatus 1 (henceforth "the antenna apparatus 1" only) of Embodiment 1 which concerns on this invention. The antenna device 1 of the present embodiment has a multilayer structure.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conductor element layer which is a first layer in a multilayer structure of the antenna device 1. This conductor element layer constitutes the antenna radiation surface. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic cross section of the antenna device 1 taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic cross section of the antenna device 1 taken along line III-III in FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ground conductor layer which is the second layer of the multilayer structure, and FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a control conductor layer which is the third layer of the multilayer structure. is there. The conductor element layer, the ground conductor layer, and the control conductor layer are arranged along the Z-axis direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface) that is the thickness direction of each of these layers. In addition, each of the conductor element layer, the ground conductor layer, and the control conductor layer is formed on a plane along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. The X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are orthogonal to each other.

  The antenna device 1 according to the present embodiment and the antenna control circuit 80 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 constitute an antenna system according to the present embodiment. This antenna system can be used, for example, in a radar system or a wireless communication system.

  The antenna device 1 is configured using an insulating substrate 10 made of a dielectric material such as ceramics or glass. As this insulating substrate 10, for example, a multilayer substrate that is a laminate including a plurality of dielectric layers can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a rectangular excitation element 20 made of a conductive pattern such as a copper foil is formed on the front surface 10 a of the insulating substrate 10. The excitation element 20 is electrically connected to one end of the power feed pin 21. The power supply pin 21 is composed of a rod-shaped metal conductor extending in the Z-axis direction, and is disposed in a through hole 10 h that penetrates from the front surface 10 a to the back surface 10 b of the insulating base 10. Since the through hole 10 h penetrates the ground conductor 23 as shown in FIG. 4, the power feed pin 21 is not electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 23. As shown in FIG. 5, the other end of the feed pin 21 is electrically connected to the feed terminal 80 s of the antenna control circuit 80. The antenna control circuit 80 can supply a high frequency signal to the excitation element 20 through the power supply pin 21. Here, one end of the power supply pin 21 is arranged at a position eccentric from the center of the excitation element 20 by a distance L in the Y-axis negative direction, as shown in FIG. A plane including a straight line connecting the center of the excitation element 20 and the feed pin 21 is a polarization plane of the excitation element 20.

  As shown in FIG. 1, non-excitation elements 30 and 40 are formed at positions where the excitation element 20 is sandwiched in a direction perpendicular to the polarization plane of the excitation element 20 (X-axis direction). Since the antenna device 1 has a geometrically symmetric structure with respect to the center line CL in the Y-axis direction passing through the center of the excitation element 20 shown in FIG. 1, the configuration of the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 is the center. Identical except that it is geometrically symmetric with respect to line CL. One non-excitation element 30 is arranged at a position shifted from the excitation element 20 by a predetermined distance (for example, ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency) in the negative X-axis direction orthogonal to the polarization plane of the excitation element 20. Has been. The antenna operating frequency is a frequency used when transmitting / receiving radio waves. The non-excitation element 30 includes a linear conductor element 32 formed linearly along the Y-axis direction, a bent conductor element 31 including a bent portion 31c, the bent conductor element 31, and the linear conductor element 32. And a switch element 33 that opens and closes an electrical connection therebetween. The bent conductor element 31 and the linear conductor element 32 may be formed as a conductor pattern such as a copper foil, for example.

  The bent conductor element 31 includes a linear conductor element part 31b extending in the negative Y-axis direction from the bent part 31c and a conductor wiring part 31a extending in the negative X-axis direction from the bent part 31c. . The conductor element portion 31 b extends from the bent portion 31 c to a position facing the one end portion 32 a of the linear conductor element 32.

  On the other hand, the conductor wiring portion 31 a extends from the bent portion 31 c to an electrical short-circuit point that is a connection point with one end portion of the ground wire 35. The length from the connection position between the bent portion 31c and the conductor wiring portion 31a in the bent conductor element 31 to the electrical short-circuit point may be ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. For example, it is possible to join one end portion of the ground wire 35 to the conductor wiring portion 31a using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 3, the ground wire 35 is made of a metal that extends in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the electrical short-circuit point of the conductor wiring portion 31a to the ground conductor 23 of the second layer (ground conductor layer). This is an interlayer connection conductor. For example, the ground wire 35 can be formed by forming metal plating or metal paste on the inner wall of a through hole provided in the insulating substrate 10. The line width of the conductor wiring portion 31a is smaller than the line width of the conductor element portion 31b as shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the ground conductor 23 is a conductor pattern such as a copper foil formed over almost the entire surface except for the holes 23 a and 23 b and the through hole 10 h. The ground conductor 23 is electrically connected to the ground terminal 80g of the antenna control circuit 80, and a ground potential of zero volts is applied to the ground conductor 23.

  Referring to FIG. 1, one end portion 32 a of the linear conductor element 32 is electrically connected to one end portion of the control line 36 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 2, the control line 36 is a metal extending in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the linear conductor element 32 to the third layer (control conductor layer) on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10. This is an interlayer connection conductor made of metal. For example, the control line 36 can be formed by forming metal plating or metal paste on the inner wall of a through hole provided in the insulating substrate 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the other end of the control line 36 is electrically connected to the third-layer control conductor 39 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. Further, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the second layer ground conductor 23 is provided with a hole 23a, and the control line 36 passes through the hole 23a. Therefore, the control line 36 can be electrically connected between the linear conductor element 32 and the control conductor 39 without being electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 23.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the control conductor 39 is a conductor pattern such as a copper foil formed on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10. The control conductor 39 is electrically connected to the bias terminal 80a of the antenna control circuit 80. The antenna control circuit 80 can supply either the forward bias voltage or the reverse bias voltage to the switch element 33 via the control conductor 39 and the control line 36.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the switch element 33 is provided between one end portion of the conductor element portion 31 b and one end portion 32 a of the linear conductor element 32. Thereby, the linear conductor element 32, the switch element 33, and the conductor element part 31b are connected in series. The switch element 33 is connected to the conductor element portion 31b of the bent conductor element 31 and the linear conductor in accordance with a control voltage (either forward bias voltage or reverse bias voltage) supplied from the control conductor 39 via the control line 36. The electrical connection with the element 32 can be opened and closed. As the switch element 33, for example, a known PIN diode can be used. When the forward bias voltage is supplied, the switch element 33 is turned on (closed) in accordance with the forward bias voltage and electrically connects between the conductor element portion 31b of the bent conductor element 31 and the linear conductor element 32. Connect. On the other hand, when a reverse bias voltage is supplied, the switch element 33 is turned off (opened) in accordance with the voltage by the reverse bias, and the switch element 33 is electrically connected between the conductor element portion 31b and the linear conductor element 32. Shut off.

  Next, the non-excitation element 40 will be described. The non-excitation element 40 is disposed at a position shifted from the excitation element 20 by a predetermined distance (for example, ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency) in the positive X-axis direction orthogonal to the polarization plane of the excitation element 20. Yes. The non-excitation element 40 includes a linear conductor element 42 formed linearly along the Y-axis direction, a bent conductor element 41 including a bent portion 41c, and the bent conductor element 41 and the linear conductor element 42. And a switch element 43 that opens and closes an electrical connection therebetween. The bent conductor element 41 and the linear conductor element 42 may be formed as a conductor pattern such as a copper foil, for example.

  The bent conductor element 41 includes a linear conductor element part 41b extending in the negative Y-axis direction from the bent part 41c and a conductor wiring part that is a linear conductor part extending in the positive X-axis direction from the bent part 41c. 41a. The conductor element portion 41 b extends from the bent portion 41 c to a position facing the one end portion 42 a of the linear conductor element 42.

  On the other hand, the conductor wiring portion 41 a extends from the bent portion 41 c to an electrical short-circuit point that is a connection point with one end portion of the ground wire 45. The length from the connection position of the bent portion 41c and the conductor wiring portion 41a in the bent conductor element 41 to the electrical short-circuit point may be ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. For example, it is possible to join one end portion of the ground wire 45 to the conductor wiring portion 41a using a conductive bonding material such as solder. For example, the ground wire 45 can be formed by forming metal plating or metal paste on the inner wall of the through hole provided in the insulating substrate 10. The line width of the conductor wiring portion 41a is smaller than the line width of the conductor element portion 41b as shown in FIG.

  One end portion 42a of the linear conductor element 42 is electrically connected to one end portion of the control line 46 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. For example, the control line 46 can be formed by forming a metal plating or a metal paste on the inner wall of a through hole provided in the insulating substrate 10. As shown in FIG. 5, the other end of the control line 46 is electrically connected to the third-layer control conductor 49 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 4, a hole 23b is provided in the ground conductor 23 of the second layer, and the control line 46 passes through this hole 23b. For this reason, the control line 46 can electrically connect between the linear conductor element 42 and the control conductor 49 without being electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 23.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the control conductor 49 formed on the back surface 10 b of the insulating substrate 10 is electrically connected to the bias terminal 80 b of the antenna control circuit 80. The antenna control circuit 80 can supply either the forward bias voltage or the reverse bias voltage to the switch element 43 via the control conductor 49 and the control line 46.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the switch element 43 is provided between one end portion of the conductor element portion 41 b and one end portion 42 a of the linear conductor element 42. Thereby, the linear conductor element 42, the switch element 43, and the conductor element part 41b are connected in series. The switch element 43 is connected to the conductor element portion 41b of the bent conductor element 41 and the linear conductor in accordance with a control voltage (either forward bias voltage or reverse bias voltage) supplied from the control conductor 49 via the control line 46. The electrical connection with the element 42 can be opened and closed. As the switch element 43, for example, a known PIN diode can be used. When the forward bias voltage is supplied, the switch element 43 is turned on (closed) in accordance with the forward bias voltage and electrically connects the conductor element portion 41 b of the bent conductor element 41 and the linear conductor element 42. Connect. On the other hand, when a reverse bias voltage is supplied, the switch element 43 is turned off (opened) in accordance with the voltage by this reverse bias, and the switch element 43 is electrically connected between the conductor element portion 41b and the linear conductor element 42. Shut off.

  The operation of the antenna device 1 having the above configuration will be described below. For the non-excitation element 30, the length from the bent portion 31c of the bent conductor element 31 to the electrical short-circuit point where one end of the ground wire 35 is ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. It is. For this reason, the bending part 31c can be regarded as what was electrically open | released. Therefore, when the switch element 33 is in the ON state, the conductor line composed of the linear conductor element 32, the switch element 33, the conductor element portion 31b, and the bent portion 31c is open at both ends in the Y-axis direction of the linear conductor path. It can be regarded as having an electrical length of If the electrical length is designed to be shorter than the resonance length corresponding to the antenna operating frequency (for example, ½ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency), the non-excitation element 30 is Can operate as a director. On the other hand, if the electrical length is designed to be longer than the resonance length corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, the non-excitation element 30 can operate as a reflector with respect to the excitation element 20.

  In the non-excited element 40, the length from the bent portion 41c of the bent conductor element 41 to the electrical short-circuit point where one end of the ground wire 45 is ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. Length. Therefore, the end of the bent portion 41c in the negative X-axis direction can be regarded as being electrically opened. For this reason, when the switch element 43 is in the ON state, the conductor line including the linear conductor element 42, the switch element 43, the conductor element portion 41b, and the bent portion 41c opens both ends in the Y-axis direction of the linear conductor path. It can be regarded as having an electrical length as an end. If the electrical length is designed to be shorter than the resonance length corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, the non-excitation element 40 can operate as a waveguide with respect to the excitation element 20. On the other hand, if the electrical length is designed to be longer than the resonance length corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, the non-excitation element 40 can operate as a reflector with respect to the excitation element 20.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the antenna directivity can be controlled according to the operation principle of the Yagi / Uda antenna by the combination of the control voltages supplied to the non-excitation elements 30 and 40. The designer can freely determine whether the electrical length of each of the non-excited elements 30 and 40 is designed to realize the director operation or the reflector operation.

  For the non-excitation element 30, the conductor wiring portion 31a extends from the bent portion 31c to the electrical short-circuit point along a direction (X-axis direction) different from the extending direction (Y-axis direction) of the conductor element portion 31b. It is extended. The ground wire 35 extends in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the electrical short-circuit point to the ground conductor 23. The control line 36 also extends in the thickness direction from the linear conductor element 32 to the control conductor 39 on the back surface 10b side, and the ground conductor 23 is interposed between the control conductor 39 and the element conductor layer. . With such a configuration, the conductor wiring portion 31 a, the ground line 35, the control line 36, and the control conductor 39 are suppressed from being affected by the radiation polarization of the antenna device 1. In particular, since the control conductor 39 is disposed on the back surface 10b side with respect to the ground conductor 23, the control conductor 39 is greatly suppressed from being coupled with a high-frequency signal emitted from the excitation element 20. Even if the high-frequency signal is combined with the control conductor 39 on the back surface 10b side and the combined high-frequency signal is re-radiated from the control conductor 39, the re-radiation is performed on the back surface 10b side, so There is almost no effect on sex. The case of the non-excitation element 40 is the same as that of the non-excitation element 30. Therefore, the present embodiment can obtain high gain characteristics even when the antenna directivity is switched without using an inductor as in the variable directivity antenna of Patent Document 1.

  Further, since the number of switch elements 33 used for the non-excitation element 30 is only one and the number of switch elements 43 used for the non-excitation element 40 is only one, the manufacturing cost of the antenna device 1 is increased. Can be kept low.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, a second embodiment according to the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the antenna device of the present embodiment has a configuration in which an electromagnetic shield surface is added to the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment. The electromagnetic shield surface is formed at a position away from the conductor element layer side with respect to the control conductors 39 and 49 (control conductor layer).

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic cross section of the variable directivity antenna device 1A according to the second embodiment. The configuration of the variable directivity antenna device 1A shown in FIG. 6 is that the insulating substrate 11 made of a dielectric material such as ceramics or glass is used instead of the insulating substrate 10, and the back surface of the insulating substrate 11 is used. The configuration is the same as that of the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment except that the electromagnetic shield surface 29 is additionally formed. As shown in FIG. 6, a bent conductor element 31 and a linear conductor element 32 are formed on the front surface 11 a of the insulating substrate 11. The electromagnetic shield surface 29 is formed at a position away from the control conductor 39 on the side opposite to the bent conductor element 31 and the linear conductor element 32 side.

  As described above, the control conductors 39 and 49 may be combined with the high frequency signal emitted from the excitation element 20, and the combined high frequency signal may be re-radiated from the control conductors 39 and 49. Even in such a case, the electromagnetic shield surface 29 of the present embodiment can almost completely prevent the influence of the re-radiation on the antenna directivity.

  The electromagnetic shield surface 29 of the present embodiment is applicable not only to the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment but also to the third, fourth, and fifth embodiments described later.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
Next, a third embodiment according to the present invention will be described. 7 to 11 are diagrams showing a schematic configuration of a variable directivity antenna apparatus 2 (hereinafter also simply referred to as “antenna apparatus 2”) according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Similar to the antenna device 1 of the first embodiment, the antenna device 2 of the present embodiment also has a multilayer structure.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conductor element layer which is the first layer in the multilayer structure of the antenna device 2. This conductor element layer constitutes the antenna radiation surface. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic cross section of the antenna device 2 along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a schematic cross section of the antenna device 2 along the line IX-IX in FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of a ground conductor layer which is the second layer of the multilayer structure, and FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration of a control conductor layer which is the third layer of the multilayer structure. FIG. The conductor element layer, the ground conductor layer, and the control conductor layer are arranged along the Z-axis direction (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface), which is the thickness direction of each layer. In addition, each layer of the conductor element layer, the ground conductor layer, and the control conductor layer in the present embodiment is formed on a plane along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction. The X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are orthogonal to each other.

  The antenna apparatus 2 according to the present embodiment and the antenna control circuit 81 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 constitute an antenna system according to the present embodiment. This antenna system can be used, for example, in a radar system or a wireless communication system.

  The antenna device 2 is configured using an insulating substrate 12 made of a dielectric material such as ceramics or glass. As this insulating substrate 12, for example, a multilayer substrate that is a laminate including a plurality of dielectric layers can be used.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the excitation element 20 is electrically connected to one end of the power feed pin 21. The power supply pin 21 is composed of a rod-shaped metal conductor extending in the Z-axis direction, and is disposed in a through hole 12h that penetrates from the front surface 12a of the insulating base 12 to the back surface 12b. . As shown in FIG. 10, the through hole 12 h penetrates the second layer ground conductor 24, so that the feed pin 21 is not electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 24. As shown in FIG. 11, the other end of the feed pin 21 is electrically connected to the feed terminal 81 s of the antenna control circuit 81. The antenna control circuit 81 can supply a high-frequency signal to the excitation element 20 via the feed pin 21. Here, one end of the power supply pin 21 is arranged at a position eccentric from the center of the excitation element 20 by a distance L in the negative direction of the Y-axis as shown in FIG. A plane including a straight line connecting the center of the excitation element 20 and the feed pin 21 is a polarization plane of the excitation element 20.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the two non-excitation elements 30 and 40 are arranged at positions where the excitation element 20 is sandwiched. In contrast, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the four non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, 60 surround the excitation element 20 on the front surface 12 a of the insulating substrate 12. Placed in. The non-excitation elements 40 and 60 are disposed at positions where the excitation element 20 is sandwiched in the direction of a diagonal line connecting the upper right corner and the lower left corner of the excitation element 20. Here, the non-excitation elements 40 and 60 do not necessarily need to be disposed at positions sandwiched in the diagonal direction, but instead are greater than 0 ° counterclockwise with respect to the positive direction of the X axis and 90 °. You may arrange | position in the position which pinches the excitation element 20 in the direction which inclines at an angle of less than (degree). On the other hand, the non-excitation elements 30 and 50 are disposed at positions where the excitation element 20 is sandwiched in the direction of a diagonal line connecting the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the excitation element 20. Here, the non-excitation elements 30 and 50 are not necessarily arranged at positions sandwiched in the direction of the diagonal line. Instead, the non-excitation elements 30 and 50 are larger than 0 ° and 90 ° clockwise relative to the positive direction of the X axis. You may arrange | position in the position which pinches the excitation element 20 in the direction which inclines at an angle less than.

  The antenna device 2 has a geometrically symmetrical structure with respect to the center line CL1 in the Y-axis direction passing through the center of the excitation element 20 shown in FIG. The line CL2 also has a geometrically symmetric structure. Therefore, the configurations of the non-exciting elements 30 and 40 are the same except that they are geometrically symmetric with respect to the center line CL1, and the configurations of the non-exciting elements 60 and 50 are also geometrically symmetric with respect to the center line CL1. It is the same except that. The configurations of the non-exciting elements 30 and 60 are the same except that they are geometrically symmetric with respect to the center line CL2, and the configurations of the non-exciting elements 40 and 50 are also geometrically symmetric with respect to the center line CL2. It is the same except that.

  The configuration of the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 in FIG. 7 is the same as the configuration of the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 of the first embodiment. For this reason, detailed description of the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 of the present embodiment is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the non-excitation element 30 has a predetermined distance from the excitation element 20 in the negative X-axis direction orthogonal to the polarization plane of the excitation element 20 (for example, ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency). It is arranged at a position shifted by only. One end portion 32 a of the linear conductor element 32 in the non-excitation element 30 is electrically connected to one end portion of the control line 36 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 11, the other end of the control line 36 is electrically connected to the third-layer control conductor 39 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the ground conductor 24 of the second layer is provided with a hole 24a, and the control line 36 passes through this hole 24a. For this reason, the control line 36 can electrically connect between the linear conductor element 32 and the control conductor 39 without being electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 24. As shown in FIG. 11, the control conductor 39 formed on the back surface 12 b of the insulating base 12 is electrically connected to the bias terminal 81 a of the antenna control circuit 81. The antenna control circuit 81 can supply either the forward bias voltage or the reverse bias voltage to the switch element 33 of the non-excitation element 30 via the control conductor 39 and the control line 36. The switch element 33 can open and close the electrical connection between the conductor element portion 31b of the bent conductor element 31 and the linear conductor element 32 according to the control voltage.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the ground conductor 24 is a conductor pattern such as a copper foil formed over substantially the entire surface except for the holes 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d and the through hole 12h. The ground conductor 24 is electrically connected to the ground terminal 81g of the antenna control circuit 81, and a ground potential of zero volts is applied to the ground conductor 24.

  On the other hand, the conductor wiring portion 31a of the bent conductor element 31 in the non-excitation element 30 is electrically connected to one end portion of the ground wire 35 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. The length from the connection position between the bent portion 31c and the conductor wiring portion 31a in the bent conductor element 31 to the electrical short-circuit point may be ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. As shown in FIG. 9, the ground wire 35 is made of a metal that extends in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the electrical short-circuit point of the conductor wiring portion 31a to the ground conductor 24 of the second layer (ground conductor layer). This is an interlayer connection conductor.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the non-excitation element 40 has a predetermined distance (for example, ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency) from the excitation element 20 in the X-axis positive direction orthogonal to the plane of polarization. It is arranged at a shifted position. One end portion 42a of the linear conductor element 42 in the non-excitation element 40 is electrically connected to one end portion of the control line 46 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 11, the other end of the control line 46 is electrically connected to the third-layer control conductor 49 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 10, the ground conductor 24 of the second layer is provided with a hole 24b, and the control line 46 passes through this hole 24b. For this reason, the control line 46 can electrically connect between the linear conductor element 42 and the control conductor 49 without being electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 24. As shown in FIG. 11, the control conductor 49 formed on the back surface 12 b of the insulating substrate 12 is electrically connected to the bias terminal 81 b of the antenna control circuit 81. The antenna control circuit 81 can supply either the forward bias voltage or the reverse bias voltage to the switch element 43 of the non-excitation element 40 via the control conductor 49 and the control line 46. The switch element 43 can open and close the electrical connection between the conductor element portion 41 b of the bent conductor element 41 and the linear conductor element 42 according to the control voltage.

  On the other hand, the conductor wiring portion 41a of the bent conductor element 41 in the non-excitation element 40 is electrically short-circuited with one end portion of the ground wire 45 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. The length from the connection position of the bent portion 41c and the conductor wiring portion 41a in the bent conductor element 41 to the electrical short-circuit point may be ¼ of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency. The ground line 45 is a metal interlayer connection conductor extending in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the electrical short-circuit point of the conductor wiring portion 41a to the ground conductor 24 of the second layer (ground conductor layer).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the non-excitation element 50 has a predetermined distance from the excitation element 20 in the positive X-axis direction orthogonal to the polarization plane of the excitation element 20 (for example, 1 / of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency). 4) It is arranged at a position shifted by a distance. The non-excitation element 50 has a linear conductor element 52 formed in a straight line, a bent conductor element 51 including a bent portion 51c, and electrical connection between the bent conductor element 51 and the linear conductor element 52. And a switch element 53 that opens and closes. The bent conductor element 51 and the linear conductor element 52 may be formed as a conductor pattern such as a copper foil, for example. The bent conductor element 51 includes a linear conductor element part 51b extending in the Y-axis positive direction from the bent part 51c and a conductor wiring part 51a extending in the X-axis positive direction from the bent part 51c. . The conductor element portion 51 b extends from the bent portion 51 c to a position facing the one end portion 52 a of the linear conductor element 52.

  One end 52a of the linear conductor element 52 is electrically connected to one end of the control line 56 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. The control line 56 is a metal interlayer connection conductor extending in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the linear conductor element 52 to the third layer (control conductor layer) on the back surface 12b of the insulating base 12. For example, the control line 56 can be formed by forming metal plating or metal paste on the inner wall of a through hole provided in the insulating substrate 12. As shown in FIG. 11, the other end of the control line 56 is electrically connected to the control conductor 59 of the third layer using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIG. 10, the ground conductor 24 of the second layer is provided with a hole 24c, and the control line 56 passes through this hole 24c. For this reason, the control line 56 can electrically connect between the linear conductor element 52 and the control conductor 59 without being electrically short-circuited to the ground conductor 24. As shown in FIG. 11, the control conductor 59 formed on the back surface 12 b of the insulating base 12 is electrically connected to the bias terminal 81 c of the antenna control circuit 81. The antenna control circuit 81 can supply either the forward bias voltage or the reverse bias voltage to the switch element 53 of the non-excitation element 50 via the control conductor 59 and the control line 56. The switch element 53 can open and close the electrical connection between the conductor element portion 51b of the bent conductor element 51 and the linear conductor element 52 in accordance with the control voltage.

  On the other hand, the conductor wiring portion 51a of the bent conductor element 51 is electrically short-circuited with one end portion of the ground wire 55 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. The ground wire 55 is a metal interlayer connection conductor extending in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the electrical short-circuit point of the conductor wiring portion 51a to the ground conductor 24 of the second layer (ground conductor layer).

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the non-excitation element 60 has a predetermined distance from the excitation element 20 in the X-axis negative direction orthogonal to the polarization plane of the excitation element 20 (for example, 1 / of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency). 4) It is arranged at a position shifted by a distance. The non-excitation element 60 has a linear conductor element 62 formed in a straight line, a bent conductor element 61 including a bent portion 61c, and electrical connection between the bent conductor element 61 and the linear conductor element 62. And a switch element 63 that opens and closes. The bent conductor element 61 and the linear conductor element 62 may be formed as a conductor pattern such as a copper foil, for example. The bent conductor element 61 includes a linear conductor element part 61b extending in the negative Y-axis direction from the bent part 61c and a conductor wiring part 61a extending in the negative X-axis direction from the bent part 61c. . The conductor element portion 61 b extends from the bent portion 61 c to a position facing the one end portion 62 a of the linear conductor element 62.

  One end 62 a of the linear conductor element 62 is electrically connected to one end of the control line 66 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. The control line 66 is a metal interlayer connection conductor extending in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the linear conductor element 62 to the third layer (control conductor layer) on the back surface 12b of the insulating base 12. For example, the control line 66 can be formed by forming a metal plating or a metal paste on the inner wall of a through hole provided in the insulating substrate 12. As shown in FIG. 11, the other end of the control line 66 is electrically connected to the third-layer control conductor 69 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. As shown in FIGS. 8 and 10, the ground conductor 24 of the second layer is provided with a hole 24d, and the control line 66 passes through this hole 24d. For this reason, the control line 66 can electrically connect between the linear conductor element 62 and the control conductor 69 without being electrically short-circuited with the ground conductor 24. As shown in FIG. 11, the control conductor 69 formed on the back surface 12 b of the insulating substrate 12 is electrically connected to the bias terminal 81 d of the antenna control circuit 81. The antenna control circuit 81 can supply either the forward bias voltage or the reverse bias voltage to the switch element 63 of the non-excitation element 60 via the control conductor 69 and the control line 66. The switch element 63 can open and close the electrical connection between the conductor element portion 61 b of the bent conductor element 61 and the linear conductor element 62 according to the control voltage.

  On the other hand, the conductor wiring portion 61a of the bent conductor element 61 is electrically short-circuited with one end portion of the ground wire 65 using a conductive bonding material such as solder. The ground wire 65 is a metal interlayer connection conductor extending in the thickness direction (Z-axis negative direction) from the electrical short-circuit point of the conductor wiring portion 61a to the ground conductor 24 of the second layer (ground conductor layer).

  The operation of the antenna device 2 having the above configuration will be described below. According to the same principle as in the first embodiment, in the non-excited element 30 of the present embodiment, a conductor line including a linear conductor element 32, an on-state switch element 33, a conductor element portion 31b, and a bent portion 31c. Can be regarded as having an electrical length with both ends of the linear conductor path as open ends. Similarly, in the non-excitation element 40, the conductor line including the linear conductor element 42, the switch element 43 in the on state, the conductor element portion 41b, and the bent portion 41c is an electric circuit having both ends of the linear conductor path as open ends. It can be regarded as having a length. Further, even in the non-excitation element 50, the conductor line including the linear conductor element 52, the switch element 53 in the on state, the conductor element portion 51b, and the bent portion 51c has an electrical length with both ends of the linear conductor path as open ends. Can be regarded as having Even in the non-excitation element 60, the conductor line including the linear conductor element 62, the switch element 63 in the on state, the conductor element portion 61b, and the bent portion 61c has an electrical length with both ends of the linear conductor path as open ends. Can be regarded as having Therefore, the electrical length of each of the non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, 60 is shorter than the resonance length corresponding to the antenna operating frequency (for example, 1/2 of the wavelength corresponding to the antenna operating frequency). If designed, each non-excitation element can operate as a director with respect to the excitation element 20. On the other hand, if the electrical length is designed to be longer than the resonance length corresponding to the antenna operating frequency, each of the non-excitation elements can operate as a reflector with respect to the excitation element 20.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, the antenna directivity is two-dimensionally controlled according to the operation principle of the Yagi / Uda antenna by the combination of the control voltages supplied to the non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, and 60. be able to. The designer is free to design the electrical length of each of the non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, and 60 so as to realize the director operation or the reflector operation. Can be decided.

  For example, the electrical lengths of the non-excited elements 30, 40, 50, 60 can all be designed to realize a director operation. In this case, if the antenna control circuit 81 applies a forward bias voltage to the control lines 36 and 46 and simultaneously applies a reverse bias voltage to the control lines 56 and 66, the non-excited elements 30 and 40 operate as a waveguide, The non-excitation elements 50 and 60 do not operate as a director. As a result, the antenna directivity can be switched to a characteristic that is biased in the positive direction of the Y axis. On the other hand, when the antenna control circuit 81 applies a forward bias voltage to the control lines 46 and 56 and simultaneously applies a reverse bias voltage to the control lines 36 and 66, the non-excitation elements 40 and 50 operate as a waveguide, and the non-excitation elements 40 and 56 operate. Excitation elements 30 and 60 do not operate as a director. This makes it possible to switch the antenna directivity to a characteristic that is biased in the positive direction of the X axis. Therefore, the antenna directivity can be switched two-dimensionally by the combination of the control voltages to be supplied to the control lines 36, 46, 56, 66.

  Further, the conductor wiring portions 31a, 41a, 51a, 61a, the ground lines 35, 45, 55, 65, the control lines 36, 46, 56, 66 and the control conductor 39, according to the same principle as in the first embodiment. 49, 59, and 69 are suppressed from being affected by the radiation polarization of the antenna device 2. In particular, since the control conductors 39, 49, 59, 69 are arranged on the back surface 12 b side with respect to the ground conductor 24, the control conductors 39, 49, 59, 69 are coupled with the high frequency signal emitted from the excitation element 20. Is greatly suppressed. Even if the high-frequency signal is combined with the control conductors 39, 49, 59, and 69 on the back surface 12b side, and the combined high-frequency signal is re-radiated from the control conductors 39, 49, 59, and 69, these signals are Since radiation is performed on the back surface 12b side, the antenna directivity is hardly affected. Therefore, the present embodiment can obtain high gain characteristics even when the antenna directivity is switched without using an inductor as in the variable directivity antenna of Patent Document 1.

  In addition, since the number of switching elements used for each of the non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, and 60 is only one, the manufacturing cost of the antenna device 2 can be kept low.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, it is possible to make the polarization directions all the same. Therefore, the antenna directivity can be variably controlled two-dimensionally under the same polarization condition.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
Next, a fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described. The antenna device of the present embodiment is a phased array type antenna device including a plurality of antenna elements regularly arranged in a one-dimensional shape (line shape). Each antenna element includes the antenna device according to any one of the first to third embodiments.

FIG. 12 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example of the variable directivity antenna device 3 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The variable directivity antenna device 3 includes N antenna elements 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ ,..., 2 _N (N is a positive integer of 3 or more) formed on an insulating base 13. Each configuration of the antenna elements 2 _{1 to} 2 _N is the same as the configuration of the antenna device 2 of the third embodiment.

The antenna control circuit 82 has a circuit unit that can individually apply a control voltage to the control lines of the antenna elements 2 ₁ to 2 _N , and further, in order to configure an active phased array antenna, power supply of each antenna element It has a transmission / reception circuit unit composed of an amplifier and a phase shifter connected to a point. The variable directivity antenna device 3 and the antenna control circuit 82 constitute an antenna system according to the present embodiment. This antenna system can be used, for example, in a radar system or a wireless communication system. The antenna control circuit 82 can scan the beam within the coverage area by appropriately selecting the set phase of the phase shifter, for example. Further, the antenna control circuit 82 can obtain a higher gain than the conventional one by switching the directivity of the antenna elements 2 ₁ to 2 _{N in} a two-dimensional manner in association with the beam scanning direction.

  In the case of the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above, one non-excited element requires at least two or more switch elements, and a large-scale antenna device such as a phased array antenna. However, since the number of antenna elements becomes enormous, there is a problem that the material cost and mounting cost of the switch element increase. On the other hand, in the variable directivity antenna device 3 according to the fourth embodiment, since only one switch element is used for each non-excitation element of each antenna element, the number of switch elements is small. . Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the variable directivity antenna device 3 can be kept low.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
Next, a fifth embodiment according to the present invention will be described. The antenna device according to the present embodiment is a phased array type antenna device including a plurality of antenna elements regularly arranged in a two-dimensional shape (planar shape). Each antenna element includes the antenna device according to any one of the first to third embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration example of the variable directivity antenna device 4 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. This variable directional antenna device 3 includes M × K antenna elements 2 ₁ , ₁ ,..., 2 _{1, M 1} ,..., 2 _{K, 1 ,.} K and M are provided with a positive integer of 3 or more. Antenna element _{2 1,1, ..., 2 1,} M, ..., 2 K, 1, ..., 2 K, each of the configuration of _M is the same as that of the antenna apparatus 2 of the third embodiment.

Antenna control circuit 83, the antenna element _{2 1,1, ..., 2 1,} M, ..., 2 K, 1, ..., 2 K, a circuit portion which can be applied individually control voltage to the control line of the _M In addition, in order to configure an active phased array antenna, a transmission / reception circuit unit including an amplifier and a phase shifter connected to a feeding point of each antenna element is provided. The variable directivity antenna device 4 and the antenna control circuit 83 constitute an antenna system according to the present embodiment. This antenna system can be used, for example, in a radar system or a wireless communication system. The antenna control circuit 83 can scan the beam in the coverage area by appropriately selecting the set phase of the phase shifter, for example. The antenna control circuit 83, the antenna element ₂ 1,1 in a manner interlocked with the beam scanning _{direction, ..., 2 1, M,} ..., 2 K, 1, ..., 2 K, the directivity of the _M 2-dimensional By switching to the state, it is possible to obtain a higher gain than before.

  Further, in the case of the variable directivity antenna device 4 according to the present embodiment, the number of switch elements used for each non-excitation element of each antenna element is only one, and therefore the number of switch elements can be small. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the variable directivity antenna device 4 can be kept low.

Modified examples of the first to fifth embodiments.
Although various embodiments according to the present invention have been described above with reference to the drawings, these embodiments are examples of the present invention, and various forms other than these embodiments can be adopted. For example, as described above, the shape of the excitation element 20 according to the first to fifth embodiments is preferably rectangular, but is not limited thereto. Instead of the rectangular excitation element 20, for example, a polygonal or circular excitation element other than a rectangle may be used.

  Further, although the power supply pin 21 is used as means for supplying a high frequency signal to the excitation element 20, it is not limited to this. For example, an electromagnetic coupling type feeding system or a proximity coupling type feeding system may be used instead of using the feeding pin 21.

  Each of the bent conductor elements 31, 41, 51, 61 in the above embodiment has a shape bent in a direction away from the excitation element 20. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the conductor wiring portions 31a, 41a, 51a, and 61a extend from the bent portions 31c and 41c in the direction away from the excitation element 20, respectively, but the conductor wiring portions 31a, 41a, and The extending directions of 51a and 61a are not limited to these directions. Instead of the bent conductor elements 31, 41, 51, 61, bent conductor elements bent in a direction approaching the excitation element 20 so as not to contact the excitation element 20 may be used. Further, the bending angle of each bent conductor element (the angle formed between the conductor wiring portion and the conductor element portion) is not limited to a right angle.

  Further, in the first embodiment, since the conductor element layer is composed of one conductor layer, the excitation element 20 and the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 shown in FIG. 1 constitute the same conductor layer and are identical in the Z-axis direction. It is arranged at the height position. In other words, the excitation element 20 and the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 are formed on the same plane orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, but are not limited thereto. Instead of the conductor element layer, a conductor element layer including a plurality of conductor layers arranged in the Z-axis direction may be used. In this case, the exciting element 20 and the set of the non-exciting elements 30 and 40 may constitute different conductor layers. In other words, the excitation element 20 and the set of the non-excitation elements 30 and 40 may be formed on different planes. Similarly, in the excitation element 20 and the non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, 60 in the third embodiment, the excitation element 20 and the set of the non-excitation elements 30, 40, 50, 60 are on different planes. It may be formed.

  In addition, within the scope of the present invention, the free combination of the first to fifth embodiments, the modification of any component in each embodiment, or the omission of any component in each embodiment is possible.

1, 1A, 2, 3, 4 Variable directional antenna device, 2 ₁ to 2 _N antenna element, 2 ₁ , ₁ to 2 _{K, M} antenna element 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Insulating substrate, 10a, 11a, 12a Front surface, 10b, 12b Back surface, 10h, 12h Through hole, 20 Excitation element, 21 Feed pin, 23 Ground conductor, 23a, 23b Hole, 24 Ground conductor, 24a-24d Hole, 29 Electromagnetic shield 30, non-excited element, 31 bent conductor element, 31a conductor wiring part, 31b conductor element part, 31c bent part, 32 linear conductor element, 33 switch element, 35 ground line, 36 control line, 39 control conductor, 40 Non-excited element, 41 Bent conductor element, 41a Conductor wiring part, 41b Conductor element part, 41c Bent part, 42 Linear conductor element, 43 Switch element, 45 Ground line, 46 Control line, 49 Control Body, 50 non-excited element, 51 bent conductor element, 51a conductor wiring part, 51b conductor element part, 51c bent part, 52 linear conductor element, 53 switch element, 55 ground line, 56 control line, 59 control conductor, 60 Non-excitation element, 61 bending conductor element, 61a conductor wiring part, 61b conductor element part, 61c bent part, 62 linear conductor element, 63 switch element, 65 ground line, 66 control line, 69 control conductor, 80-83 antenna Control circuit.

Claims (11)

An excitation element formed as part of the conductor element layer;
One or a plurality of non-excitation elements formed as another part of the conductor element layer at a position shifted from the excitation element in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the excitation element;
A control conductor layer disposed at a position away from the conductor element layer in the thickness direction;
A grounding conductor layer interposed between the excitation element and the control conductor layer, and interposed between the non-excitation element and the control conductor layer;
A control line extending in the thickness direction from each non-excitation element to the control conductor layer without being electrically shorted to the ground conductor layer;
A ground wire extending in the thickness direction from an electrical short-circuit point of each non-excitation element to the ground conductor layer,
Each of the non-excitation elements is
A linear conductor element formed in a straight line;
A bent conductor element including a bent portion;
A switch element that opens and closes an electrical connection between the bent conductor element and the linear conductor element according to a control voltage supplied from the control conductor layer via the control line;
The bent conductor element is:
A linear conductor element portion extending from the bent portion to a position facing one end of the linear conductor element;
Including a conductor wiring portion extending from the bent portion to the electrical short-circuit point along a direction different from the extending direction of the conductor element portion,
The linear conductor element, the switch element, and the conductor element portion are connected linearly and in series.
An antenna device characterized by that.   2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein a length from the bent portion to the electrical short-circuit point in the non-excitation element is ¼ of a wavelength corresponding to a predetermined antenna operating frequency. Antenna device to do.   3. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the linear conductor element extends in a direction parallel to a polarization plane of the excitation element, and the conductor element portion is offset in the excitation element. An antenna device characterized by extending in a direction parallel to the wavefront.   4. The antenna apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the plurality of non-excitation elements are respectively formed at positions where the excitation elements are sandwiched in a direction perpendicular to the polarization plane. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein
A pair of non-excitation elements of the plurality of non-excitation elements are formed at positions sandwiching the excitation elements in a first direction inclined from a direction perpendicular to the polarization plane,
The other pair of non-excitation elements of the plurality of non-excitation elements are formed at positions sandwiching the excitation elements in a second direction that is inclined from a direction perpendicular to the polarization plane and intersects the first direction. Being
An antenna device characterized by that.   The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the switch element is in a closed state, the linear conductor element, the switch element, the conductor element portion, and the bent portion. The antenna device is characterized in that an electrical length of the conductor line is shorter than a resonance length corresponding to a predetermined antenna operating frequency.   The antenna device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the switch element is in a closed state, the linear conductor element, the switch element, the conductor element portion, and the bent portion. The antenna device is characterized in that the electrical length of the conductor line is longer than the resonance length corresponding to a predetermined antenna operating frequency.   8. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation element and each non-excitation element are formed on the same plane.   8. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation element and each non-excitation element are formed on different planes.   10. The antenna device according to claim 1, further comprising an electromagnetic shield surface at a position away from the control conductor layer on a side opposite to the conductor element layer side. 11. An antenna device comprising:   11. A phased array type antenna device including a plurality of antenna elements regularly arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional shape, wherein each of the antenna elements is any one of claims 1 to 10. A phased array type antenna device comprising the antenna device described above.

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