JP6580633B2 - Mushroom medium material and method for producing mushroom medium material - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a mushroom medium material and a mushroom medium material.

  Mushroom medium materials used for artificial cultivation of mushrooms often use sawdust and corn cob as a base material. In recent years, since it is becoming difficult to obtain sawdust, medium materials for mushrooms in which most of the base material is composed of corn cob are widely distributed. However, almost all of the corn cob is reliant on imports from China, and it is difficult to supply the mushroom medium. Thus, the mushroom medium material that is essential for the artificial cultivation of mushrooms must import a base material, and research on mushroom medium materials that can be self-supplied has been continuously conducted.

  For example, a technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent No. 5574481) is known as a conventional technique related to a mushroom medium material that can be used as an alternative to corn cob.

Japanese Patent No. 5574481

  In patent document 1, the technique of using the ground material of the sorghum leaf and stem with a fruit as a substitute material for a corn cob is used for the medium material for mushrooms at the time of artificial cultivation of enoki mushrooms or bunashimeji. Since sorghum is a plant that grows well under high temperature and dry conditions and can be cultivated even in abandoned cultivated land, it is advantageous in that it is easy to procure inexpensively in Japan.

  In the medium material for mushrooms described in Patent Document 1, since pulverized sorghum leaves and stems are blended, are the fruit parts removed before pulverizing the sorghum fruits? After the sorghum with the fruit is pulverized, it is necessary to remove the real part from the pulverized product. For this reason, there exists a subject that the process for obtaining the ground material of the sorghum leaf and stem for mixing with the culture medium material for mushrooms takes time.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for producing a mushroom medium material and a mushroom medium material, which makes it possible to obtain a sorghum leaf and stem pulverized product suitable for use as a mushroom medium material without labor. It is an object.

As a result of intensive studies conducted by the inventor in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the following configuration has been conceived. That is, it is a mushroom medium material characterized by using a pulverized product having a water content of 15% or less of the leaves and stems of Sudangrass or Sudan-type sorghum before heading.

  Thereby, the sorghum leaf and stalk suitable for use as a mushroom medium material can be obtained without labor. Moreover, by using sorghum before heading, the nutrients sufficiently stored in the leaves and stems can be used as nutrients for mushroom cultivation, and the yield of mushrooms can be greatly increased.

According to the method for producing a mushroom medium material in the present invention, by using sorghum before heading, only pulverized sorghum leaves and stems can be obtained easily and inexpensively. Also, by using sorghum before heading, which is just before fruiting, sorghum stems and leaves can be used as a mushroom culture medium with high nutrient content, so an increase in the yield of mushrooms can be expected. Sudangrass and Sudan-type sorghum are tall and the stems grow hard, making it easier to procure mushroom medium materials in Japan. In addition, the hard stem can form an appropriate gap even after the sterilization treatment in the mushroom medium, so that a good mushroom growth environment can be provided.

It is a list figure of cultivation numerical data with the culture medium for mushrooms in this embodiment, and the culture medium for mushrooms only of corn cob (control culture medium).

  Hereinafter, a method for producing a mushroom medium using a mushroom medium material according to the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, pulverized sorghum leaves and stems before heading are used as a mushroom medium material, and the mushroom medium material is replaced with the whole amount of corn cob as a base material, and a pH adjuster or the like is appropriately added. It is said.

  Sorghum is a sorghum species belonging to the genus Sorghum, and is a common name for “sorghum”, known as an annual C4 plant / cereal. Sorghum is classified into sorghum sorghum, combined sorghum, grain sorghum, sudan sorghum, and sudan glass. The thickness of the sorghum stem is gradually reduced in the order described above, and the sugar content and the water content of the sorghum are gradually reduced in the order described above. Since such sorghum is resistant to drying and can be cultivated even in regions where rice, wheat, etc. do not grow, it is possible to effectively use degraded farmland and the like. Thus, since domestic procurement of sorghum as a medium material for mushrooms is easy, the production history of sorghum can be clarified.

  In any of the above sorghums, a process of cutting (harvesting) in a state of growing until just before fruiting (growing before heading), and a drying process and a pulverizing process for the harvested sorghum By applying, it can be used as a substitute material for corn cob which is a base material of a mushroom culture medium.

  Therefore, in the medium material for mushrooms using sorghum leaf and stem pulverized material, it is preferable to use a sorghum sorghum with a high sugar content when it is desired to improve the utility value as a nutrient in mushroom cultivation. In addition to this, when it is desired to improve the mycelium respiration space (ventilation space) in the mushroom medium material, it is preferable to use Sudan-type sorghum or Sudan glass having a hard stem.

  By growing sorghum to the state before heading, which is just before fruiting, the sorghum height (yield) can be increased and the leaves and stems can be made sufficiently hard, It is possible to harvest sorghum with sufficient nutrients accumulated. As a result, not only can it be used as a substitute for corn cob as a base material for mushroom culture materials, but also there are plenty of mycelium respiration space (ventilation space) in mushroom culture materials, and mushroom culture materials with further enhanced nutrients. Can be provided. It can also be used as a nutrient in mushroom cultivation.

  As described above, in producing the mushroom medium material in the present embodiment, a harvesting process for growing and harvesting sorghum to the state before heading, a drying process for drying the harvested sorghum to a predetermined moisture content, a predetermined moisture content A pulverizing step of pulverizing the sorghum leaves and stems dried to the order is performed in the order described. A dedicated harvester can be used for the sorghum harvesting process. It can also be used by attaching a special attachment to the rice harvesting combine. A sun-dried or drier can be used for the drying process of the harvested sorghum, and a corn cob pulverizer or a sugarcane pulverizer can be used for the sorghum pulverization process. In this embodiment, the sorghum leaves and stems before heading after being dried so as to have a moisture content of 15% or less are pulverized to form chips, and the pulverized product has a predetermined size or less. It was decided to use those that passed through a 5 mm mesh.

  After replacing the ground material of sorghum leaves and stems that have been sieved into a ground material of 5 mm or less in this way (through the ground material size selection step) with the entire base material (corn cob) of the mushroom medium material The sterilization process is performed after adding nutrients and moisture as necessary and filling the cultivation container. The moisture content of the dried sorghum is adjusted to the same level as the moisture content of corn cob, so the time required for the sterilization process should be less than or equal to the sterilization time of the mushroom medium mainly composed of corn cob. be able to.

  After the sterilization treatment process, as in the mushroom cultivation method (in the case of Bunashimeji cultivation) using a mushroom medium mainly composed of corn cob, the inoculum inoculation process, culture management process, fungus scraping treatment process, A germination management process, a fruiting body growth process, and a harvesting process can be performed. Moreover, a smoothing process, a suppression process, and a fruit body guide body mounting | wearing process can also be added as needed (in the case of enoki mushroom cultivation) after a germination management process.

  FIG. 1 is a list of numerical data of the mushroom culture medium and the mushroom culture medium (control medium) mainly composed of corn cob obtained as described above. The weight (stuffing weight) of the medium filled in the same cultivation container is 470 grams (6% down) for the mushroom medium in this embodiment, while the control medium is 500 grams. Moreover, while the cultivation day of a control medium is 55 days, the cultivation day of the mushroom culture medium in this embodiment is 66 days (20% increase). In contrast, the yield of the control medium is 37 grams, whereas the yield of the mushroom medium in this embodiment is 97 grams (up 162%). From the above, it can be seen that mushroom cultivation using the mushroom medium in the present embodiment has a longer cultivation period, but the advantages of reducing the amount of medium used and increasing the yield are greater.

  Mushrooms cultivated using a conventional corncob-based mushroom culture medium were said to be domestically produced, but the cultivation material was not said to be domestically produced. On the other hand, mushrooms cultivated in the mushroom medium using the mushroom medium material in this embodiment are not only domestically produced, but also cultivated materials are domestically produced, and the history of the cultivated materials is also clear can do. This will prove food safety, so it can be expected to improve the value of the mushrooms.

Further , the size and shape of the sorghum after the pulverization treatment are not limited to the numerical values and shapes shown in the present embodiment, and the numerical values and shapes can be appropriately changed.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, although the moisture content of the sorghum which passed through the drying process is 15% or less, the moisture content of the sorghum which passed through the drying process can be changed suitably. Further, the size and shape of the sorghum after the pulverization process are not limited to the numerical values and shapes shown in the present embodiment, and the numerical values and shapes can be appropriately changed.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, although the form which replaced all the base materials (corn cob) of the medium material for mushrooms with the ground material of the sorghum leaf before shoot head and the stem was demonstrated, It is also possible to adopt a form in which a part of the base material (corn cob) of the mushroom medium material is replaced by the pulverized product.

Claims (1)

A medium material for mushrooms, characterized in that a pulverized product having a water content of 15% or less of leaves and stems of Sudangrass or Sudan-type sorghum before heading is used.

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