JP6582929B2 - Synchronizer ring performance evaluation system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a performance evaluation apparatus for a synchronizer ring used at the time of switching a gear stage of a transmission.

  The 16-stage transmission used in a large truck has 2 × 4 × 2 = 16 stages having a Hi and Low 2 stage splitter on the front side of the main body 4 stage and a Hi and Low 2 range change on the rear side. The splitters Hi and Low switch between even and odd stages, respectively, and switch between 1st to 8th speeds and 9th to 16th speeds by range change.

  Since it is required that the vehicle can be shifted quickly so that the vehicle speed does not drop too much when the driver shifts, the air actuator moves the sleeve at high speed to change the splitter even number and odd number.

  At the time of this shift change, the shafts and gears having different rotational speeds are synchronized with each other by the frictional force of the friction surface of the synchronizer ring and the gear cone surface.

  In a normal shift change, the gear mesh and the synchronizer ring synchronize before the sleeve meshes with the dog teeth of the gear, and the shift change is completed, but if the synchronizer ring and the gear synchronize slowly, the sleeve before the synchronization is completed Jumps into the dog teeth of the gear and makes contact with a difference in rotation, resulting in gear ringing.

  Therefore, it is necessary to properly evaluate the synchronization speed of the synchronizer ring and the gear.

  In order to evaluate the performance of the synchro ring, there is a device called a synchro unit tester. This device evaluates the pressing friction characteristics repeatedly with a set load of the synchro ring attached to the pressing shaft to the cone part of the gear attached to the shaft rotating by the motor in the test oil tank maintained at a constant temperature. To do.

  This device mainly presses continuously and repeatedly to evaluate the change in friction coefficient μ and durability, and the clutch of the rotating shaft rotating at a constant rotation, and the synchro ring is pressed against the gear rotating with inertial force, and the gear stops There is a mode to measure the time to start and the torque at that time.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-243028 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-4131 JP 2001-336626 A JP-A-63-261133

  By the way, in the conventional synchro unit testing machine, the time (Δt) to rise to a predetermined load after pressing starts is constant.

  However, since the shift speed is different between the main stage and the splitter of the transmission, there is a problem that the sync characteristics of each stage cannot be confirmed at a constant pressing speed.

  The pushing speed of the synchronizer ring by this splitter is about 5 to 7 times faster than the main stage, and torque transmission force is generated by the oil film formed between the gear cone and the synchronizer ring. Therefore, the synchro characteristics are evaluated considering the oil film. There is a need to.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a performance evaluation apparatus for a synchronizer ring that solves the above-described problems and can evaluate the synchronizer ring and the synchro characteristics of the gear cone.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a synchronizer performance evaluation apparatus that evaluates the friction characteristics of a synchronizer by pressing the synchronizer ring against the gear cone in a single unit tester of the synchronizer, and the pressing speed of the synchronizer ring pressed against the gear cone is variable. The pressing speed variable device is provided , and before the synchro friction surface and the gear cone surface come into contact, the generated torque is integrated with the time and the torque value (A) from the time of occurrence to the gear cone. Then, the initial absorption energy is calculated, divided by time (A) to obtain the initial absorption energy rate, and the synchronizer ring is evaluated at the initial absorption energy rate .

  It is preferable that the pressing speed variable device controls the pressing speed of the synchronizer ring to be the same as the speed of the synchronizer ring used in the transmission.

  The present invention exhibits an excellent effect that the synchronization characteristics can be accurately evaluated by making the pressing speed of the synchronizer ring variable.

1 shows an embodiment of a performance evaluation apparatus for a synchronizer ring according to the present invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the speed control of the pressing speed variable apparatus in FIG. Data on the change in the drive shaft rotation speed (gear rotation speed), ring displacement, rotational torque, and pressing load at the pressing speed of the synchronizer where the gear squeal occurred is shown. (A) is conventional data, (b) is data 3 shows data according to the present invention. This shows the data of the change in the drive shaft rotation speed (gear rotation speed), ring displacement, rotational torque, and pressing load with time of the synchronizer pressing speed without gear noise. (A) is the conventional data, (b) is the actual data. Figure 3 shows data according to the invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the initial absorption energy speed | rate of various synchronizer rings, and a gear ringing. It is a figure which shows the relationship between surface roughness (Rz) and initial absorption energy velocity.

  A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  First, a synchronizer ring performance evaluation apparatus 10 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The synchronizer ring performance evaluation apparatus 10 is obtained by adding a pressing speed variable device 28 and a synchronization characteristic evaluation means 30 to the pressing cylinder 22 of a conventional synchro unit testing machine.

  The synchro unit testing machine includes an input shaft side I / A that rotates an input shaft 11 connected to a gear cone 13 with respect to a transmission T / M including a gear cone 13 and a synchronizer ring 14 housed in a test oil tank 12; An output shaft side O / A that moves the output shaft 15 connected to the synchronizer ring 14 and presses the synchronizer ring 14 against the gear cone 13 is arranged.

  The input shaft 11 on the input shaft side I / A is provided with a flywheel 16, the input shaft 11 is driven by a motor 18 via a clutch 17, and the rotation speed is detected by a tachometer 19. The transmission side T / M synchronizer ring 14 is connected to the input shaft 11, the synchronizer ring 14 is connected to the output shaft 15, and gear oil 20 is accommodated in the test oil tank 12.

  The output shaft 15 on the output shaft side O / A is attached to the slide device 21, moved in the axial direction by the pressing cylinder 22, and presses the synchronizer ring 14 against the gear cone 13. The amount of displacement at this time is detected by a displacement meter 23, and the pressing load is detected by a pressing load meter (load cell) 24. The torque transmitted to the synchronizer ring 14 when the synchronizer ring 14 is pressed against the gear cone 13 is detected by a rotational torque meter 26 via a moment cell 25 attached to the output shaft 15.

  The pressing speed variable device 28 can control the pressing speed of the synchronizer ring 14 by the pressing cylinder 22 to a speed of 9 mm / sec to 80 mm / sec. For example, if the pressing cylinder 22 is a hydraulic cylinder, By controlling the opening of the valve that supplies the pressure oil, the pressing speed can be controlled as shown in FIG.

  The pressing speed may be controlled by either an air cylinder or a speed control by an electric actuator other than the hydraulic cylinder.

  The gear rotation speed (rpm) by the tachometer 19, the ring displacement (μm) by the displacement meter 23, the pressing load (N) by the pressing load meter (load cell) 24, and the rotational torque (N · m) by the rotational torque meter 26 are synchronized. Input to the characteristic evaluation means 30.

  Based on the input data, the synchro characteristic evaluation means 30 is based on a transmission torque for transmitting the rotation of the gear cone to the synchronizer ring before the synchro friction surface and the gear cone surface come into contact with each other (in a state where oil is present). The initial absorption energy is obtained, the initial absorption energy velocity is obtained from the initial absorption energy, and the synchronizer ring is evaluated.

Specifically, the torque value and the rotation speed (angular velocity) of the time (A) from when the torque is generated until the synchronizer ring and the gear cone come into contact are integrated with each other to calculate the initial absorbed energy, which is calculated as time. Divide by (A) to obtain the initial absorbed energy rate (absorbed energy per unit time t) by the following equation.
Initial absorption energy rate = E / t (1)

The initial absorption energy E in the equation (1) is obtained by the following equation (2).
E = ∫T · ω · dt (2)
E: Absorbed energy (J)
T: Torque (N / m)
ω: Angular velocity (rad / sec)
t: Time (sec)

By comparing the initial absorption energy rate (J / sec) obtained by dividing the initial absorption energy E obtained here by time (A), the speed of the synchronization speed can be found. That is,
It can be evaluated that the initial absorption energy speed is large = the synchronization speed is fast and the initial absorption energy speed is small = the synchronization speed is slow.

  FIG. 3 shows data when the synchronizer ring in which the gear squeal occurred was tested with the performance evaluation apparatus 10 for the synchronizer ring, and (a) shows the change over time of the data when tested at a pressing speed of 9 mm / sec. (B) shows the change over time of the data when tested at the same speed (set at 50 to 70 mm / sec) as the pressing speed of the splitter.

  FIG. 4 shows data when the synchronizer ring without gear ringing was tested with the synchronizer ring performance evaluation apparatus 10, and (a) shows the change over time of the data when tested at a pressing speed of 9 mm / sec. , (B) shows the change over time of the data when tested at the same speed (set at 50 to 70 mm / sec) as the pressing speed of the splitter.

3 (a) and 4 (a) are data when the pressing speed is tested at 9 mm / sec. When the pressing speed is slow, the data is rotated until the time t _c when the synchronizer ring contacts the gear cone. While the torque does not rise, in FIGS. 3B and 4B where the pressing speed is fast, the rotational torque rises at time t ₀ before time t _c when the synchronizer ring contacts the gear cone. It can be seen that the generated rotational torque is a transmission torque in which the inertial force is absorbed by the oil film.

Therefore, the synchro characteristic evaluation means 30 calculates the rotational torque from the time t ₀ to the time t _c using the above equation (2).

However, the angular velocity ω in the above equation (2) is ω = 2πN / 60 (rad / sec) when the rotation speed is N (rpm), and the product of the gear rotation speed and the detected torque is calculated from the time t _c. By integrating up to t _c , the initial absorbed energy E is obtained.

  Next, the initial absorption energy rate (J / sec) is obtained by dividing the initial absorption energy E by the time (A).

  FIG. 5 shows a synchronizer ring (samples 1 to 9) using friction materials made of carbon composites having various surface roughnesses tested as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and the initial absorbed energy of these synchronizer rings. (J / sec) is calculated.

  In FIG. 5, the synchronizer rings of Samples 1 to 6 have a gear noise, and Samples 7 to 9 have no gear noise. This is because Samples 1 to 6 have low initial absorption energy before contact of 1000 (J / sec) or less, and Samples 7 to 9 have initial absorption energy before contact exceeding 1000 (J / sec). It is thought that the synchronization speed of the synchronizer ring was faster due to the rotation transmission torque before contact.

  FIG. 6 is a plot of the surface of the friction material made of the carbon composites of Samples 1 to 9, with the 10-point average surface roughness Rz on the horizontal axis and the initial absorbed energy on the vertical axis.

  As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the 10-point average surface roughness Rz is 32 μm or more, the initial absorption energy exceeds 1000 (J / sec).

  This is because if the 10-point average surface roughness Rz is 32 μm or more, the amount of oil film formed on the surface is sufficiently secured, and the traction effect due to the viscoelasticity of the gear oil causes the synchronizer ring to come into contact with the gear cone. In addition, since the synchronizer ring is rotated by the torque transmission force of the oil film, it is considered that the synchronization speed is increased.

  Thus, by making the pressing speed variable with respect to the conventional testing machine with a constant pressing speed, the present invention can confirm the synchro characteristics at the time of a fast shift change such as a splitter.

  In other words, testing at a high pressing speed has an effect on the synchro characteristics when torque is transmitted before the synchro ring and gear cone come into contact with each other (with the oil in between) at the initial stage of the synchronization pole. By quantifying as, it can be linked to the development of synchro ring with excellent synchro performance.

  There are various types of synchro-ring friction surfaces such as copper, molybdenum spray, resin, carbon, etc. Which is better for fast shift change, and what film material and film surface shape are required for better performance synchronization The present invention has a great effect as an evaluation device for developing whether it is good.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Performance evaluation apparatus of synchronizer ring 13 Gear cone 14 Synchronizer ring 28 Pressing speed variable apparatus 30 Synchronous characteristic evaluation means

Claims (2)

In synchronizer performance evaluation device for evaluating the frictional properties of the synchronizer against the synchronizer ring Giyakon in synchro unit testing machine, equipped with a pressing speed variator that the variable pressing speed of the synchronizer ring is pressed against the Giyakon, synchro friction surface Before the gear cone surface comes into contact with the gear cone surface, the initial absorption energy is calculated by integrating the torque value and the rotational speed of the time (A) from the time of occurrence to the contact with the gear cone over time. A synchronization performance evaluation apparatus characterized by dividing initial time by the time (A) to obtain an initial absorption energy rate and evaluating the synchronizer ring at the initial absorption energy rate .   The synchronizer performance evaluation device according to claim 1, wherein the pressing speed variable device has the same pressing speed of the synchronizer ring as that of the synchronizer ring used in the transmission.

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