JP6593809B2 - Shelter cooling system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cooling device for cooling an internal space of a shelter.

  In the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011, buildings collapsed and fired one after another due to the earthquake. The number of buildings destroyed was 8473, and 172 fires occurred simultaneously. As with the Great Kanto Earthquake and the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake that occurred in the past, the main cause of the earthquake fire was that the fire broke out from electrical wiring, heating equipment (electricity, gas, oil), cooking utensils, and burned to collapsed houses. Responsible. According to the damage forecast of the Cabinet Office, 150,000 buildings are completely destroyed in the earthquake that is expected to occur in the future, and 1,346 thousand buildings are completely destroyed in the Nankai Trough earthquake. Due to the massive collapse of these houses, many earthquake fires are expected to occur at the same time.

  Earthquake fires greatly impede fire fighting activities due to a combination of factors such as building blockage and road disruption, traffic shortage due to rupture of water pipes, and heavy traffic. For this reason, there is a wide range of long-term fires.

  Even if an attempt is made to evacuate to a safe place, as described above, a situation may occur in which transportation means to the evacuation place cannot be ensured due to the collapse of the building or the destruction of the road.

  Under such circumstances, awareness of earthquake / earthquake fire countermeasures has been increasing in recent years, and there is a strong interest in shelters that can evacuate in the event of an earthquake. A shelter for evacuating in the event of an earthquake fire is required to have a fire resistance and a cooling function that suppresses the temperature rise inside the shelter caused by flame heat or the like.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a shelter for suppressing a rise in internal temperature at a low cost so that a structure including a ceiling wall, a side wall, and a floor wall having a heat insulating layer can withstand a long-time fire. Yes. Specifically, a water tank is provided on the top surface of the ceiling wall, and when the ambient temperature rises in the event of a fire, etc., the water in the water tank flows through the structure of the shelter to prevent an increase in the internal temperature of the shelter. To do.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a cooling device in which a pipe is disposed inside a basic mortar of a shelter in which lightweight cellular concrete panels are assembled. Using a fan, warm air inside the shelter is taken in from the pipe inlet and cooled by flowing it through a pipe placed in a relatively low-temperature basic mortar, and the cooled air is put into the shelter again. It is a device that cools the inside of the shelter by refluxing.

JP 2011-08883 A JP-A-10-237958

  In the apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, a water tank is provided on the upper surface of the ceiling wall, and the temperature of water in the water tank rises with a fire. Even if the water whose temperature has risen flows through the structure of the shelter, the cooling effect is slight, and the temperature rise inside the shelter cannot be sufficiently suppressed. In order to have a large temperature suppression effect over a long period of time, a huge water tank is required, and it is difficult to make the device itself inexpensive. The apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 only allows air in the shelter to pass through a pipe disposed in the basic mortar, and its cooling effect is limited. In addition, in a fire over a long period of time, the temperature of the basic mortar itself rises and a cooling effect cannot be expected.

  The subject of this invention is providing the cheap and simple cooling device which can cool the internal space of a shelter stably for a long time.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a shelter cooling device, wherein the liquid refrigerant and a tank for storing the vaporized gas in a pressurized state vaporized from the liquid refrigerant are connected to the tank. A pressure reducing valve, a heat exchange device provided in the inner space of the shelter and connected to the pressure reducing valve, and a discharge pipe provided in the outer space of the shelter and connected to the heat exchange device . A heat exchanger tube disposed on the inner space side of the shelter, surrounding the outer wall from the outer space side, forming a heat insulating space in cooperation with the outer wall, and provided at the upper end of the protective wall is the exhaust valves, further comprising a, the discharge pipe, characterized Rukoto provided in the heat insulating space.

  According to this configuration, when the pressure reducing valve is opened, the liquid refrigerant is vaporized, and the vaporized gas is further decompressed and expanded. At this time, the temperature of the vaporized gas decreases due to the endothermic effect and the adiabatic expansion effect, and passes through the heat exchange device provided in the internal space of the shelter. At this time, heat exchange is performed with air or the like existing around the heat exchange device. Thereby, the internal space of the shelter is cooled. Further, the vaporized gas subjected to heat exchange is discharged to the external space via the discharge pipe while the temperature rises. For this reason, the vaporized gas is not filled in the internal space. Thereby, it is possible to cool the inside of the shelter with a simple configuration while maintaining a comfortable state.

  According to this configuration, since the heat exchange device has the heat exchange tube, the structure of the heat exchange device can be simplified.

  According to this configuration, since the heat exchange tube is disposed on the inner space side of the shelter on the outer wall, it can be used effectively without obstructing the inner space. In addition, the outer wall is cooled by heat exchange between the heat exchange tube and the outer wall. The entire internal space can be cooled by the radiant heat.

There is a concern that the temperature of the internal space of the shelter may increase due to direct sunlight or due to flame heat from a fire. However, according to this configuration, the protective wall that surrounds the outer wall from the outer space side and forms the heat insulating space in cooperation with the outer wall is provided, so that the temperature of the inner space of the shelter can be increased due to a change in the external environment. Can be suppressed. In addition, since the discharge pipe is provided in the heat insulation space and is provided with an exhaust valve at the upper end of the protective wall, the gas vaporized by the liquid refrigerant is discharged into the heat insulation space, and the gas filled in the heat insulation space is It is released into the atmosphere via an exhaust valve. That is, vaporized gas having a lower temperature flows in the heat insulating space than in the heat insulating space. Thereby, the temperature rise in a heat insulation space can be suppressed and the cooling efficiency of the interior space of a shelter can be improved.

The invention according to claim 2 is the shelter cooling device according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of protruding plates extending in a predetermined direction are provided on the protective wall in a state of protruding toward the outer wall.

According to this configuration, since the plurality of protruding plates extending in the predetermined direction are provided on the protective wall in a state of protruding toward the outer wall, the vaporized gas having a lower temperature than the protruding plate exchanges heat with the protruding plate. The temperature rise of the protective wall can be suppressed.

The invention according to claim 3 is the shelter cooling device according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the discharge pipe is provided at a lower end portion of the heat insulating space.

  According to this configuration, since the discharge pipe is provided at the lower end portion of the heat insulating space, the vaporized gas having a lower temperature than that in the heat insulating space is provided at the upper end portion of the protective wall while rising from the lower end portion of the heat insulating space. It is released into the atmosphere via an exhaust valve. Thereby, the whole heat insulation space can be cooled.

The invention according to claim 4 is the shelter cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the heat insulation space is filled with water, and the discharge pipe prevents backflow of water to the heat exchange device. A check valve is provided.

  According to this configuration, since the heat-insulating space is filled with water having a larger heat capacity than air, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise in the inner space of the shelter caused by direct sunlight, flame heat, and the like. In addition, since the discharge pipe is provided with a check valve to prevent the backflow of water to the heat exchange device, the cooling efficiency of the heat exchange device will not be reduced, and water will enter the interior space of the shelter. Never do.

The invention according to claim 5 is the shelter cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the discharge pipe has a dispersion pipe in which a plurality of holes are formed.

  According to this configuration, since the discharge pipe has the dispersion pipe in which a plurality of holes are formed, the vaporized gas is dispersed and discharged to the external space through the plurality of holes formed in the dispersion pipe. Can do.

The invention according to claim 6 is the shelter cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the vaporized gas is injected from a pressure reducing valve.

  According to this configuration, since the vaporized gas is injected from the pressure reducing valve, the vaporized gas can be efficiently decompressed and expanded.

It is the front view which looked at the external space side from the internal space side explaining the installation condition of a shelter cooling device. It is the same front sectional view which looked at the internal space side from the external space side. FIG. It is a perspective view explaining a dispersion pipe.

  Hereinafter, a shelter cooling device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a tank 2 is arranged in the internal space A1 of the shelter. The inside of the tank 2 is filled with liquefied carbon dioxide L (liquid refrigerant) at the lower portion, and filled with carbon dioxide LA (vaporized gas) vaporized from the liquefied carbon dioxide L at the upper portion.

  The heat exchange tube 4 is provided on the wall surface of the outer wall 7 on the inner space side in a state of being connected to the tank 2 via the pressure reducing valve 3. The outer wall 7 has a two-layer structure in which a heat insulating layer 72 is provided on the inner space A1 side of the wall plate 71. The pressure reducing valve 3 is for adjusting the injection pressure / injection amount of the carbon dioxide gas LA injected from the tank 2 to the heat exchange tube 4. In the state where the pressure reducing valve 3 is closed, the carbon dioxide gas LA is not injected into the heat exchange tube 4. The pressure reducing valve 3 may be either manual or electric. Further, it may be remotely operable.

  When the pressure reducing valve 3 is opened, the carbon dioxide LA filled in the pressurized state in the tank 2 is injected toward the heat exchange tube 4. At this time, the carbon dioxide gas LA is decompressed and expands, and the temperature decreases due to the adiabatic expansion effect.

  The heat exchange tube 4 is for heat exchange of the carbon dioxide gas LA whose temperature has been lowered by the adiabatic expansion effect with the surrounding air to cool the inner space A1 of the shelter. The heat exchange tube 4 is a single continuous tube, and includes a vertical tube 41, a lower tube 42, and an upper tube 43. The lower ends of the adjacent vertical tubes 41 are connected to the lower tube 42 and are adjacent to each other. The upper end of the vertical tube 41 is connected to the upper tube 43. Further, the end portion is connected to the discharge pipe 6 via the connection pipe 5. Thus, a cooling effect can be heightened by arrange | positioning the heat exchange tube 4 in a wide range. Moreover, since it is provided on the wall surface of the outer wall 7 on the inner space A1 side, the inner space A1 is not obstructed and the entire inner space A1 can be used effectively. The heat exchange tube 4 is preferably made of a material having durability and high thermal conductivity, for example, a metal such as copper. Further, it may be made of steel.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the connection pipe 5 is for connecting the heat exchange tube 4 and the discharge pipe 6 and is embedded in the outer wall 7 and protrudes toward the inner space A1 side and the heat insulation space A3 side. In the state, it is provided at the lower end of the outer wall 7. The heat exchange tube 4 is connected to the protruding portion on the inner space A1 side, and the discharge pipe 6 is connected to the protruding portion on the heat insulating space A3 side.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the discharge pipe 6 is provided in a state of being submerged in the lower end portion of the heat insulating space A3 filled with water W, and the main pipe 61, the dispersion pipe 63, and the main pipe connected to the connection pipe 5 are provided. The check valve 62 connects the pipe 61 and the dispersion pipe 63. The main pipe 61 is for arranging the dispersion pipe 63 at a predetermined position, and the check valve 62 is for preventing the backflow of water to the heat exchange tube 4. Therefore, when the heat insulation space A3 is not filled with water, the check valve 62 may be omitted and the main pipe 61 and the dispersion pipe 63 may be directly connected.

  The dispersion pipe 63 is for dispersing and discharging the carbon dioxide LA injected from the pressure reducing valve 3 into the heat insulating space A3. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of holes 63 a are formed along the axial direction, and the ends are closed by a closing plate 64. With the plurality of holes 63a, the total discharge area can be increased and the discharge locations can be dispersed.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a protective wall 8 is provided on the outer space A2 side of the outer wall 7. The protective wall 8 includes a rectangular outer plate 81 and a side plate 82 extending perpendicularly from the periphery of the outer plate 81, and an end portion of the side plate 82 is fixed to the outer wall 7. Thereby, the watertight heat insulation space A3 can be formed.

  A plurality of protruding plates 83 extending in the vertical direction are fixed to the outer plate 81 in a state of protruding toward the outer wall 7. Since the protruding plate 83 is fixed to the outer plate 81, the heat dissipation area of the outer plate 81 is increased as a result. Therefore, when the temperature of the outer plate 81 rises due to flame heat due to a fire, heat can be radiated from the protruding plate 83, so that the temperature rise of the outer plate 81 can be suppressed. Further, the load bearing capacity of the outer plate 81 can be increased.

  An exhaust valve 84 is provided at the upper end of the outer plate 81. The exhaust valve 84 is for discharging the carbon dioxide gas LA released from the discharge pipe 6 to the heat insulation space A3 to the external space A2. Thereby, the pressure rise in the heat insulation space A3 can be prevented, and the inside of the heat insulation space A3 can be maintained at a constant pressure.

  The passage route of the carbon dioxide gas LA and the accompanying cooling mechanism will be described.

  The liquefied carbon dioxide L is stored in the tank 2, and the upper part is filled with the carbon dioxide gas LA in which the liquefied carbon dioxide L is vaporized. When the pressure reducing valve 3 is opened, the pressurized carbon dioxide LA is injected into the heat exchange tube 4. The pressure of the carbon dioxide gas LA filled in the tank 2 is temporarily reduced by the injection of the carbon dioxide gas LA. As the pressure decreases, the liquefied carbon dioxide L is vaporized and supplied into the carbon dioxide gas LA. . Thereby, the pressure of the carbon dioxide gas LA filled in the upper part of the tank 2 is not reduced, and a substantially constant pressurized state is maintained.

  The tank 2 and the carbon dioxide gas LA in the tank are cooled by the endothermic effect accompanying the vaporization of the liquefied carbon dioxide L. Thereby, the carbon dioxide gas LA is injected from the pressure reducing valve 3 in a cooled state.

  In addition, the carbon dioxide gas LA injected from the pressure reducing valve 3 in a pressurized state is decompressed, expands, and passes through the heat exchange tube 4. The temperature of the carbon dioxide gas LA further decreases due to the adiabatic expansion effect at this time. That is, carbon dioxide LA having a very low temperature passes through the heat exchange tube 4. Due to the heat exchange in the passage process, the temperature of the air in the inner space A1 and the outer wall 7 is decreased, and the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas LA is increased. Thereby, internal space A1 can be cooled.

  In this embodiment, the heat exchange tube 4 is directly disposed on the outer wall surface on the inner space A1 side, but may be disposed on the outer wall surface on the inner space A1 side of the shelter via a radiation plate (not shown). Good. The cooling effect can be further enhanced by the heat exchange and cooling of the radiation plate.

  When carbon dioxide gas LA is injected from the pressure reducing valve 3, if the pressure reducing valve 3 is predicted to be cooled and frozen due to the adiabatic expansion effect, the pressure reducing valve 3 may be provided with a heater for preventing freezing. . The heater is preferably battery operated.

  The carbon dioxide LA whose temperature has been increased by heat exchange is discharged to the heat insulating space A3 via the connection pipe 5 and the discharge pipe 6. The heat insulation space A3 is filled with water W, and the carbon dioxide gas LA rises in the water W and is discharged to the external space A2 via the exhaust valve 84 provided at the upper end portion of the outer plate 81.

  The outer plate 81 is heated by direct sunlight, flame heat from a fire, and the like, and is in a high temperature state. Thereby, the temperature of heat insulation space A3 rises and the temperature rise of internal space A1 arises as a result. In this embodiment, the temperature rise of the internal space A1 is suppressed by filling the heat insulation space with water W having a large heat capacity.

  The water temperature of the water W increases as the temperature of the outer plate 81 increases. By raising the carbon dioxide gas LA having a temperature lower than that of the water W in the water W, an increase in the water temperature can be suppressed.

  In this embodiment, the heat insulation space is filled with water W, but only air may be filled. In this case, the heat insulation space A3 functions as a heat insulation layer filled with air. Carbon dioxide gas LA having a temperature lower than the temperature of the external space A2 is discharged from the discharge pipe 6, is raised from the lower part to the upper part of the heat insulating space A3, and is discharged from the exhaust valve 84 to the outer space A2, whereby the heat insulating space A3. Can maintain a lower temperature than the external space A2. Further, heat exchange with the protruding plate 83 during the increase of the carbon dioxide gas LA can suppress the temperature increase of the outer plate 81 itself.

  The above-described embodiments are examples of preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and it goes without saying that even if various modifications are made without departing from the spirit of the invention, they belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

  For example, in the present embodiment, the carbon dioxide gas LA is injected from the pressure reducing valve 3, but it may be configured to eject liquefied carbon dioxide.

  Although the liquefied carbon dioxide L is used as the liquid refrigerant, the liquid refrigerant is not limited to this, and may be cooled by the heat of vaporization and the adiabatic expansion effect, for example, liquefied nitrogen.

  The heat exchange device has a configuration having the heat exchange tube 4, but may be installed in the internal space as a configuration having a pipe to which a plurality of fins are attached.

  A plurality of shelter cooling devices may be provided in the shelter. Furthermore, there is no limitation on the attachment position, and it may be installed at any location such as a ceiling, a side wall, or a floor.

1: Shelter cooling device 2: Tank 3: Pressure reducing valve 4: Heat exchange tube 5: Connection pipe 6: Discharge pipe 7: Outer wall 8: Protection wall 41: Vertical tube 42: Lower tube 43: Upper tube 61: Main pipe 62: Check valve 63: Dispersion pipe 63a: Hole 64: Closing plate 71: Wall plate 72: Thermal insulation layer 81: Outer plate 82: Side plate 83: Projection plate 84: Exhaust valve A1: Internal space A2: External space A3: Thermal insulation space L : Liquefied carbon dioxide LA: Carbon dioxide (vaporized gas)
W: Water

Claims (6)

A tank for storing a liquid refrigerant and a pressurized vaporized gas obtained by vaporizing the liquid refrigerant;
A pressure reducing valve connected to the tank;
A heat exchange device provided in the internal space of the shelter and connected to the pressure reducing valve;
A discharge pipe provided in an external space of the shelter and connected to the heat exchange device ,
The heat exchange device has a heat exchange tube disposed on the inner space side of the shelter on the outer wall,
A protective wall that surrounds the outer wall from the outer space side and forms a heat insulating space in cooperation with the outer wall;
An exhaust valve provided at the upper end of the protective wall,
The discharge pipe, shelter cooling device according to claim Rukoto provided in the insulation space. A plurality of protrusions plates extending in a predetermined direction, shelter cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that provided in the protective wall so as to protrude toward the outer wall. The discharge pipe, shelter cooling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that provided in the lower end portion of the insulation space. The insulation space is filled with water,
The shelter cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the discharge pipe is provided with a check valve for preventing a back flow of water to the heat exchange device. The discharge pipe, shelter cooling device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it comprises a dispersion pipe in which a plurality of holes are formed. The vaporizing gas, shelter cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that ejected from the pressure reducing valve.

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