JP6596383B2 - Charge / discharge device, transport equipment, and control method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a charge / discharge device, a transport device, and a control method for heating a power source.

  In the power storage system described in Patent Document 1, in order to efficiently charge the power storage device and warm the power storage device, a charging process for supplying power from the external power source to the power storage device, and a cycle of the switching element of the booster circuit The temperature increasing process for warming the power storage device using the ripple current generated by the on / off switching is alternately performed.

JP 2014-050144 A

  In the power storage system described in Patent Document 1 described above, the booster circuit has two switching elements, and the temperature increasing process is performed by periodically switching on and off the two switching elements. For this reason, the load concerning a switching element is substantially equal. However, when a bidirectional inverter circuit capable of bidirectional DC-AC conversion is used, the bidirectional inverter circuit has a switching element for converting AC power from a general commercial power system into DC power. Two switching elements for converting DC power from the power storage device into AC power and two switching elements in total are included. In a power storage system having a bidirectional inverter circuit, when a process similar to the temperature increasing process described in Patent Document 1 is performed, two switching elements among the four switching elements are switched on and off, so-called half- Functions as a bridge mode. For this reason, a load concentrates on only two switching elements among the four switching elements constituting the bidirectional inverter circuit.

  The objective of this invention is providing the charging / discharging apparatus which can prevent the load concentration to the specific components by heating, a transport apparatus, and the control method. In addition, heating is adding the heat by the loss which generate | occur | produced in the switching element of the conversion part.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1
A power source (for example, batteries 101 and 201 in the embodiments described later);
Between two switching units (for example, switch units 150 and 250 in the embodiments described later) including two switching elements on the high side and the low side connected in series, and between the switching element on the high side and the switching element on the low side And a coil (for example, a secondary coil L2 and a coil L in an embodiment described later) that connect the two switch units, and the power for charging the power source or the discharge from the power source. A conversion unit (for example, a rectifier 105 and a bidirectional charger 205 in an embodiment described later) for converting the generated power;
Based on a plurality of patterns based on a combination of PWM control of the switching element on one side of one of the two switch units and ON control of the switching element on the other side of the other of the two switch units, A control unit (for example, ECUs 107 and 207 in the embodiments described later) that controls the on / off operation of each switching element included in the two switch units,
When heating the power source, the control unit forms a closed circuit with the power source and the conversion unit, and executes a routine for switching the plurality of patterns in a circulating manner,
The plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, the loss generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch sections, and the switching on the other side of the two switch sections, respectively. The charge / discharge device is set so that at least one of the losses generated in the element is equal.

  It supplements about the vocabulary described in the claim here. The “switching element on one side” refers to one of the switching element on the high side and the switching element on the low side that is different from the “switching element on the other side”. For example, when “the switching element on one side” is the switching element on the high side, “the switching element on the other side” becomes the switching element on the low side. Conversely, when the “switching element on one side” is the switching element on the low side, the “switching element on the other side” becomes the switching element on the high side. The supplement is the same in the claims after this claim.

The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1,
In the plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, the losses generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch parts are equal and the other side of the two switch parts has the other side. The switching elements are set so that the loss generated in each switching element is equal.

The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1,
In the plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, losses generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch sections, and switching on the other side of the two switch sections, respectively. It is set so that all the losses generated in the elements are equal.

The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The power source switches between a discharge state and a charge state each time the control unit executes the routine and switches the pattern.

The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The control unit switches the pattern at regular intervals when executing the routine.

The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A cooling unit that integrally cools the power source and the conversion unit is provided.

The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
At least one of a first command requesting continuous discharge of the power source to an external power system and a second command requesting intermittent charge / discharge of the power source for the purpose of frequency stabilization in the power system Provided with a predictor (e.g., ECU 207 in the embodiment described later) for predicting reception,
The control unit executes the routine to warm the power supply more strongly when the pre-prediction unit predicts the reception of the second command than when the reception unit predicts the reception of the first command.

The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
At least one of a first command requesting continuous discharge of the power source to an external power system and a second command requesting intermittent charge / discharge of the power source for the purpose of frequency stabilization in the power system; A receiving unit (for example, a digital communication unit 211 in an embodiment described later) for receiving,
When the receiving unit receives at least one of the first command and the second command, the control unit prioritizes control based on the command received by the receiving unit rather than the routine.

The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The coil is a secondary coil that receives power from the primary coil in a non-contact manner (for example, a secondary coil L2 in an embodiment described later),
The control unit executes the routine so that the frequency of the current flowing through the coil does not become the resonance frequency of the primary coil and the secondary coil by executing the routine.

  A tenth aspect of the present invention is a transportation device having the charge / discharge device according to any one of the first to ninth aspects.

In the invention according to claim 11,
A power source (for example, batteries 101 and 201 in the embodiments described later);
Between two switching units (for example, switch units 150 and 250 in the embodiments described later) including two switching elements on the high side and the low side connected in series, and between the switching element on the high side and the switching element on the low side And a coil (for example, a secondary coil L2 and a coil L in an embodiment described later) that connect the two switch units, and the power for charging the power source or the discharge from the power source. A conversion unit (for example, a rectifier 105 and a bidirectional charger 205 in an embodiment described later) for converting the generated power;
Based on a plurality of patterns based on a combination of PWM control of the switching element on one side of one of the two switch units and ON control of the switching element on the other side of the other of the two switch units, A control method performed by a charging / discharging device including a control unit (for example, ECUs 107 and 207 in an embodiment described later) that controls the on / off operation of each switching element included in the two switch units,
When heating the power source, the control unit forms a closed circuit with the power source and the conversion unit, and executes a routine for switching and switching the plurality of patterns,
In the plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, losses generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch sections, and switching on the other side of the two switch sections, respectively. This is a control method that is set so that at least one of the losses generated in the element is equal.

  According to the first, tenth and eleventh aspects of the invention, when heating the power supply, the control unit sets a plurality of patterns so that the loss generated in the conversion unit is distributed between the switching elements of the two switch units. Above, a routine for switching between the plurality of patterns is executed. For this reason, the power source can be heated while avoiding load concentration on a specific switching element.

  According to the invention of claim 2, the loss that occurs while all the patterns that are executing the routine are circulated once is equal between the switching elements on one side of each of the two switch sections, and two Since it is equal between the switching elements on the other side of each of the switch sections, the power supply can be heated while effectively avoiding load concentration on a specific switching element.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the loss that occurs while all the patterns that are executing the routine are circulated once is equal between all the switching elements of the two switch units, and therefore, to a specific switching element. The power supply can be heated while completely avoiding the load concentration.

  According to the invention of claim 4, every time the pattern is switched, the discharging state and the charging state of the power source are switched, and the direction of the current with respect to the coil is changed. For this reason, magnetic saturation of the coil during execution of the routine can be avoided. Furthermore, since the current used for heating the power supply forms a loop between the power supply and the coil, the power of the power supply can be prevented from being used more than necessary for heating.

  According to the invention of claim 5, since the amount of excitation of the coil is controlled by switching the pattern at regular intervals during execution of the routine, it is possible to avoid a load concentration on the specific switching element and the magnetic saturation of the coil with a good balance. .

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, since the heat generated in the conversion unit by the control unit executing the routine warms the power source via the cooling unit, the heating efficiency of the power source increases.

  According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when the temperature of the power source is low, intermittent charge / discharge cannot be performed with good responsiveness. Therefore, when reception of the second command is predicted, reception of the first command is predicted. Warm the power supply stronger than if As a result, the power supply can perform intermittent charging / discharging according to the second command with good responsiveness.

  According to the invention of claim 8, if the power source performs continuous discharge according to the first command or intermittent charge / discharge according to the second command, the power source does not need to be executed by the control unit. Heated by internal heat generation. Therefore, when at least one of the first command and the second command is received, the power supply can be heated without executing the routine by giving priority to the control based on the command. Moreover, the incentive with respect to charging / discharging in response to the 1st command and the 2nd command can be acquired.

  According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, when the frequency of the current flowing through the coil is the resonance frequency of the primary coil and the secondary coil, the control unit executes the routine to perform electromagnetic induction from the secondary coil to the primary coil. However, since the routine is executed so as not to reach the resonance frequency, power transmission to the primary coil can be prevented, and a reduction in the amount of power stored in the power source can be prevented.

It is a block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the electric vehicle of 1st Embodiment carrying the charging / discharging apparatus which concerns on this invention, and the relationship between the said electric vehicle and power transmission apparatus. It is an electric circuit diagram which shows the relationship between each component of the electric vehicle shown in FIG. 1, and a power transmission apparatus. An example of the circuit state of the rectifier for each pattern, each change in the excitation amount and the closed current I in the secondary coil, a change in the loss amount in each switching element, and a control signal related to the on / off operation of each switching element is shown. FIG. Other examples of the circuit state of the rectifier for each pattern, changes in the excitation amount and the closed current I in the secondary coil, changes in the loss amount in each switching element, and control signals related to the on / off operation of each switching element FIG. It is an electric circuit diagram which shows the positional relationship between each component of an electric vehicle and the circulation path of a cooling fluid. It is a block diagram which shows the schematic structure of the electric vehicle of 2nd Embodiment carrying the charging / discharging apparatus which concerns on this invention, and the relationship between the said electric vehicle and an external power supply device (EVSE: Electric Vehicle Service Equipment). FIG. 7 is an electric circuit diagram showing a relationship between each component of the electric vehicle shown in FIG. 6 and an external power supply device.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electric vehicle according to a first embodiment on which a charge / discharge device according to the present invention is mounted, and a relationship between the electric vehicle and a power transmission device. The electric vehicle shown in FIG. 1 includes a battery (BATT) 101, a drive unit 103, a secondary coil L2, a rectifier 105, and an ECU (Electric Control Unit) 107. In FIG. 1, a thick solid line indicates power wiring, and a thin solid line arrow indicates a control signal. FIG. 2 is an electric circuit diagram showing the relationship between each component of the electric vehicle shown in FIG. 1 and the power transmission device.

  Hereinafter, each component with which the electric vehicle of 1st Embodiment is provided is demonstrated.

  The battery 101 has a plurality of power storage cells connected in series or in parallel, and supplies a high voltage of 100 to 200 V, for example. The storage cell is, for example, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.

  The drive unit 103 is driven by electric power supplied from the battery 101 and generates power for the electric vehicle to travel.

  Secondary coil L <b> 2 is disposed at the bottom of the electric vehicle and is electrically connected to rectifier 105.

  The rectifier 105 has two switch units 150 including two switching elements of a high side (upper arm) and a low side (lower arm). The four switching elements included in the two switch units 150 form a bridge circuit, and the two switch units 150 rectify the alternating current received by the secondary coil L2 into a direct current. The two switch units 150 are connected to each other via the secondary coil L2 with a connection point between the high-side switching element and the low-side switching element. When the primary coil L1 is energized with the secondary coil L2 facing the primary coil L1 of the power transmission device 10 disposed on the road surface or the like, an induced current flows through the secondary coil L2 due to the action of electromagnetic induction. The rectifier 105 converts the induced current flowing through the secondary coil L2 from alternating current to direct current, and charges the battery 101.

  When the temperature of the battery 101 in a state where charging / discharging is not performed is low and a predetermined condition is satisfied, the ECU 107 warms up the battery 101 in order to heat each of the switching elements of the two switch units 150 included in the rectifier 105. Controls on / off operation. At this time, the ECU 107 executes a routine in which a closed circuit is formed by the battery 101 and the rectifier 105 and the four patterns in which the on / off states of the switching elements are different are circulated and switched.

  FIG. 3 shows the control of the circuit state of the rectifier 105 for each pattern, each change in the excitation amount and the closed current I in the secondary coil L2, the change in the loss amount in each switching element, and the on / off operation of each switching element. It is a figure which shows an example with a signal. The closed current I is a current flowing through the closed circuit of each pattern, where the discharge current of the battery 101 is a positive value and the charging current is a negative value. The ECU 107 patterns the high-side switching element Z1 and the low-side switching element Z3 of one switch unit 150 of the rectifier 105, and the high-side switching element Z2 and the low-side switching element Z4 of the other switch unit 150, respectively. Each time ON control, OFF control or PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control is performed.

  In pattern 1, the ECU 107 forms a closed circuit by performing PWM control on the switching element Z1, controlling on the switching element Z4, and controlling off the switching elements Z2 and Z3. Battery 101 in the closed circuit of pattern 1 discharges. In the PWM control for the switching element Z1, the duty ratio is controlled so as to draw a sine curve having a phase of the closed current I of 0 to π. Therefore, the amount of excitation of the secondary coil L2 under the pattern 1 increases. The ECU 107 switches to the pattern 2 after performing the control of the pattern 1 for a certain time.

  In pattern 2, the ECU 107 forms a closed circuit by performing PWM control on the switching element Z2, on-controlling the switching element Z3, and off-controlling the switching elements Z1 and Z4. The battery 101 in the closed circuit of pattern 2 is charged by the closed current I discharged from the excited secondary coil L2. In the PWM control for the switching element Z2, the duty ratio is controlled so that the closed current I draws a sine curve having a phase of π to 2π. Therefore, the excitation amount of the secondary coil L2 under the pattern 2 decreases. The ECU 107 switches to the pattern 3 after performing the control of the pattern 2 for a predetermined time.

  In the pattern 3, as in the case of the pattern 2, the ECU 107 forms a closed circuit by performing the PWM control on the switching element Z2, the on control on the switching element Z3, and the off control on the switching elements Z1 and Z4. The battery 101 in the pattern 3 closed circuit discharges. In the PWM control for the switching element Z2, the duty ratio is controlled so as to draw a sine curve having a phase of the closed current I of 0 to π. Therefore, the amount of excitation of the secondary coil L2 under the pattern 3 increases. The ECU 107 switches to the pattern 4 after performing the control of the pattern 3 for a predetermined time.

  In the pattern 4, as in the pattern 1, the ECU 107 forms a closed circuit by performing the PWM control on the switching element Z1, the on control on the switching element Z4, and the off control on the switching elements Z2 and Z3. The battery 101 in the closed circuit of pattern 4 is charged by the closed current I discharged from the excited secondary coil L2. In the PWM control for the switching element Z1, the duty ratio is controlled so that the closed current I draws a sine curve having a phase of π to 2π. Therefore, the excitation amount of the secondary coil L2 under the pattern 4 decreases. The ECU 107 switches to the pattern 1 after performing the control of the pattern 4 for a predetermined time.

  In the switching elements in which the PWM control is performed in each pattern described above, a switching loss indicated by hatching in FIG. 3 occurs, and in the switching elements in which the ON control is performed, a conduction loss indicated by dot hatching in FIG. 3 occurs. In the present embodiment, since the patterns 1 to 4 are circulated and switched, the loss generated in the rectifier 105 while the four patterns circulate once is distributed between the switching elements of the two switch units 150. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the loss amounts are equal between the high-side switching elements Z1 and Z2 included in the two switch sections 150, and between the low-side switching elements Z3 and Z4 included in the two switch sections 150. The amount of loss is equal.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the switching elements that perform PWM control are the high-side switching elements Z1 and Z2, and the switching elements that perform on-control are the low-side switching elements Z3 and Z4. The elements Z1 and Z2 may be on-controlled and the low-side switching elements Z3 and Z4 may be PWM-controlled.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 4, instead of pattern 3, pattern 3A is performed in which switching element Z3 is PWM controlled, switching element Z2 is on-controlled, and switching elements Z1 and Z4 are off-controlled. Pattern 4A may be performed in which the element Z4 is PWM controlled, the switching element Z1 is on-controlled, and the switching elements Z2 and Z3 are off-controlled. In this case, the amount of loss is equal between all the switching elements of the two switch units 150.

  As described above, when the ECU 107 executes the above routine, the battery 101 is heated by the heat generated by the internal resistance. Also, the generated loss becomes heat in the switching elements and the secondary coil L2 included in the two switch units 150 of the rectifier 105. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, if the circulation path 109 through which the coolant as the refrigerant circulates is arranged close to each switching element and the secondary coil L2 and the battery 101, each switching element and The heat generated in the secondary coil L2 can warm the battery 101 via the circulation path 109. In this case, the heating efficiency of the battery 101 increases.

  When the frequency of the closed current flowing through the secondary coil L2 that is executing the routine is the resonance frequency of the primary coil L1 and the secondary coil L2 of the power transmission device 10, the ECU 107 executes the routine to execute the secondary. Electric power is transmitted from the coil L2 to the primary coil L1 by the action of electromagnetic induction. However, in this embodiment, since the ECU 107 controls the switching timing of the pattern that determines the frequency of the closed current so as not to reach the resonance frequency, power transmission to the primary coil L1 can be prevented, and the storage amount of the battery 101 can be prevented. Decline can be prevented. More specifically, in order to increase the frequency of the closed current, the switching timing of each pattern may be advanced. On the other hand, in order to reduce the frequency of the closed current, the switching timing of each pattern may be delayed.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the electric vehicle according to the second embodiment on which the charge / discharge device according to the present invention is mounted, and the relationship between the electric vehicle and an external power supply device (EVSE: Electric Vehicle Service Equipment). . The electric vehicle shown in FIG. 6 includes a battery (BATT) 201, a drive unit 203, a bidirectional charger 205, an ECU (Electric Control Unit) 207, an inlet 209, and a digital communication unit 211. In FIG. 6, a thick solid line indicates power wiring, and a thin solid line arrow indicates a control signal. FIG. 7 is an electric circuit diagram showing the relationship between each component of the electric vehicle shown in FIG. 6 and the external power supply device.

  Hereinafter, each component with which the electric vehicle of 2nd Embodiment is provided is demonstrated.

  The battery 201 has a plurality of power storage cells connected in series or in parallel, and supplies a high voltage of, for example, 100 to 200V. The storage cell is, for example, a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.

  The drive unit 203 is driven by electric power supplied from the battery 201 and generates power for the electric vehicle to travel.

  The bidirectional charger 205 is a transformer-type AC-DC converter, and includes two switch units 250 including two switching elements of a high side (upper arm) and a low side (lower arm), and constitutes a part of the transformer. And a coil L. The four switching elements included in the two switch units 250 form a bridge circuit, and the two switch units 250 function as an inverter. The coil L connects the two switch units 250 with a connection point between the high-side switching element and the low-side switching element. The bidirectional charger 205 converts the AC voltage obtained from an external power system such as a commercial power source into a DC voltage and charges the battery 201. The bidirectional charger 205 converts the DC voltage discharged from the battery 201 into an AC voltage, and supplies the converted power to an external power system or an electric load.

  The ECU 207 uses each of the two switch units 250 of the bidirectional charger 205 to heat the battery 201 when the temperature of the battery 201 in a state where charging / discharging is not performed is low and a predetermined condition is satisfied. The on / off operation of the switching element is controlled. At this time, the ECU 207 forms a closed circuit with the battery 201 and the bidirectional charger 205, and executes a routine to circulate and switch between four patterns in which the on / off state of each switching element and the charge / discharge state of the battery 201 are different. Further, the ECU 207 performs charge / discharge control with the external power system using the bidirectional charger 205 when the electric vehicle of the present embodiment participates in V2G (Vehicle to Grid) described below.

  V2G in which the electric vehicle of this embodiment can participate will be described. V2G is a system that allows electric power to be exchanged between an electric power system including a commercial power network and an electric vehicle. When the electric vehicle is not used as a moving means, a battery mounted on the electric vehicle is used as an electric power storage facility. Is done. For this reason, bidirectional power transfer is performed between the electric vehicle participating in V2G and the power system. The electric vehicles participating in V2G may perform continuous discharge for the purpose of maintaining a supply-demand balance in the power system, or intermittent charge / discharge for the purpose of frequency stabilization in the power system, depending on the status of the power system. Do. The electric power obtained by continuous discharge of the electric vehicle for the purpose of maintaining the supply-demand balance is used as “Spinning Reserve” of the electric power system. The continuous discharge for the instantaneous reserve power is performed for the purpose of supplying power to the power system that is required to maintain a supply-demand balance, particularly as the power demand in the power system increases. In addition, the power exchanged by charging / discharging the electric vehicle for the purpose of frequency stabilization is used for “Frequency Regulation” of the power system. In both cases, the electric vehicle contributes to the stabilization of the power system.

  The system that realizes the V2G described above includes a power system that generates power using energy such as thermal power, wind power, nuclear power, or sunlight, and a power system that includes a power transmission network including power generated by a power supplier including the power station, and the like. An electric power consumer who needs electricity and is supplied with power, an external power supply device (EVSE: Electric Vehicle Service Equipment) connected to a power transmission network through a distribution facility, etc., and an EV having a chargeable / dischargeable battery (Electrical Vehicle), PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and other electric vehicles, a communication network, and the charge / discharge of each capacitor included in the plurality of electric vehicles via an external power supply device connected to the communication network It consists of an aggregator. The aggregator can meet the demands of an electric power company that operates a power plant or a power transmission company that operates a power transmission network by managing charging and discharging of a plurality of power storage devices including a battery of an electric vehicle.

  A connector 21 of the external power supply device 20 shown in FIG. 6 can be attached to and detached from an inlet 209 provided in the electric vehicle. The connector 21 transmits and receives electric power between the external power supply device 20 and the electric vehicle while being connected to the inlet 209 of the electric vehicle. The external power supply device 20 is provided with a digital communication unit 23 connected to the communication network via the home gateway 30, and is exchanged between the external power supply device 20 and the electric vehicle using power line communication (digital communication) technology. The signal obtained from the aggregator is superimposed on the electricity generated. For this reason, the control signal from the aggregator is sent to the electric vehicle if the connector 21 is connected to the inlet 209 of the electric vehicle.

  The digital communication unit 211 provided in the electric vehicle receives a signal superimposed on electricity from the external power supply device 20 by the power line communication technique in a state where the connector 21 of the external power supply device 20 is attached to the inlet 209, and the electric vehicle is When participating in V2G, the command indicated by this signal is sent to the ECU 207.

  As in the first embodiment, the ECU 207 of the present embodiment is configured such that the high-side switching element Z1 and the low-side switching element Z3 of one switch unit 250 of the bidirectional charger 205 and the high-side of the other switch unit 250. Each of the switching element Z2 and the low-side switching element Z4 is subjected to on control, off control, or PWM control for each pattern. The four patterns in the routine performed for heating the battery 201 are circulated similarly to the description in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. 3 or FIG. In addition, in order to increase the heating efficiency of the battery 201, a circulation path through which a coolant as a refrigerant circulates may be provided in the vicinity of each switching element, the coil L, and the battery 201.

  In addition, the ECU 207 of the present embodiment is continuously used for the purpose of maintaining a supply-demand balance in an external power system that is sent from the aggregator to the electric vehicle via the external power supply device 20 when the electric vehicle participates in V2G. Reception of a first command requesting discharge or a second command requesting intermittent charge / discharge for the purpose of frequency stabilization in an external power system is predicted. The prediction may be performed by, for example, a time-series change in supply-demand balance, a comparison between the time-series change and past results, and application of the time-series change to a mathematical model. Further, the aggregator may perform the prediction and the ECU 207 may receive the result. If the temperature of the battery 201 is low, intermittent charge / discharge according to the second command cannot be performed with good responsiveness. For this reason, the ECU 207 predicts reception of the first command when performing a routine for heating the battery 201 when predicting reception of the second command that requires charge / discharge faster than the first command. Control is performed so that the battery 201 is warmed more strongly than the case. As a result, the battery 201 can perform intermittent charging / discharging according to the second command with good responsiveness. In order to warm the battery 201 strongly, the ECU 207 performs control to increase the execution time of the routine or increase the effective value of the closed current in each pattern.

  In addition, the ECU 207 of the present embodiment receives the digital communication unit 211 from a routine that is performed to heat the battery 201 when the digital communication unit 211 receives at least one of the first command and the second command. Prioritize charge / discharge control based on commands. If the battery 201 performs continuous discharge according to the first command or intermittent charge / discharge according to the second command, the battery 201 is heated by the heat generated by the internal resistance without the ECU 207 executing the above routine. Is done. Therefore, when at least one of the first command and the second command is received, the battery 201 can be heated without executing the routine by giving priority to the control based on the command. Moreover, the incentive with respect to charging / discharging in response to the 1st command and the 2nd command can be acquired.

  As described above, according to the first and second embodiments described above, when the batteries 101 and 201 are heated, the ECUs 107 and 207 cause the loss generated in the rectifier 105 or the bidirectional charger 205 to be 2. After setting four patterns so as to be distributed among the switching elements of the two switch units, a routine for switching the four patterns in a circulating manner is executed. During execution of this routine, the batteries 101 and 201 are heated by heat generated by the internal resistance of the batteries 101 and 201 that is generated when the current flowing through the closed circuit flows through the batteries 101 and 201. At this time, in the example shown in FIG. 3, the loss generated in the rectifier 105 or the bidirectional charger 205 while the four patterns circulate once is caused between the high-side switching elements Z1 and Z2 of the two switch units. Since they are equal and equal between the low-side switching elements Z3 and Z4 of the two switch sections, it is possible to effectively avoid load concentration on a specific switching element. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the loss generated in the rectifier 105 or the bidirectional charger 205 while the four patterns circulate once is equal between all the switching elements of the two switch units. The load concentration on the switching element can be completely avoided.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, whenever the pattern switches, the discharge state and charge state of the batteries 101 and 201 are switched, and the direction of the electric current which flows through a closed circuit changes. For this reason, the magnetic saturation of the secondary coil L2 or the coil L during execution of the routine can be avoided. Furthermore, since the current used for heating the batteries 101 and 201 forms a loop between the batteries 101 and 201 and the coils L2 and L, the power of the batteries 101 and 201 is used more than necessary for heating. Can be prevented.

  In the above embodiment, during execution of the routine, the pattern is switched at equal time intervals to control the excitation amount of the secondary coil L2 or the coil L. Therefore, load concentration on a specific switching element and magnetic saturation of the coil are controlled. Can be avoided in a balanced manner.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above, A deformation | transformation, improvement, etc. are possible suitably. For example, instead of the secondary coil L2 and the rectifier 105 included in the electric vehicle of the first embodiment or the switch unit 250 constituting the coil L and the bidirectional charger 205 of the second embodiment, bidirectional DC -A bidirectional converter circuit capable of DC conversion may be applied. The bidirectional converter circuit has two switch parts including two switching elements on the high side and the low side, and one coil, and two switches with a connection point between the switching element on the high side and the switching element on the low side. The parts are connected to each other via a coil.

101, 201 Battery 103, 203 Drive unit 105 Rectifier 107, 207 ECU
109 Circuit 205 Bidirectional Charger 209 Inlet 211 Digital Communication Unit 150, 250 Switch Unit L2 Secondary Coil L1 Primary Coil L Coil 10 Power Transmission Device 20 External Power Supply Device

Claims (11)

Power supply,
Two switch parts including two switching elements on the high side and the low side connected in series, and a coil for connecting the two switching parts with a connection point between the switching element on the high side and the switching element on the low side; And a converter that converts electric power for charging the power source or electric power discharged from the power source, and
Based on a plurality of patterns based on a combination of PWM control of the switching element on one side of one of the two switch units and ON control of the switching element on the other side of the other of the two switch units, A control unit that controls the on / off operation of each switching element of the two switch units,
When heating the power source, the control unit forms a closed circuit with the power source and the conversion unit, and executes a routine for switching and switching the plurality of patterns,
In the plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, losses generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch sections, and switching on the other side of the two switch sections, respectively. A charge / discharge device that is set so that at least one of the losses generated in the element is equal. The charge / discharge device according to claim 1,
In the plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, the losses generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch parts are equal and the other side of the two switch parts has the other side. The charging / discharging apparatus set so that the loss which generate | occur | produces in each switching element of may become equal. The charge / discharge device according to claim 1,
In the plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, losses generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch sections, and switching on the other side of the two switch sections, respectively. A charging / discharging device that is set so that all losses generated in the element are equal. The charge / discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The power source is a charge / discharge device in which a discharge state and a charge state are switched each time the control unit executes the routine and switches a pattern. It is a charging / discharging apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 4, Comprising:
The said control part is a charging / discharging apparatus which switches a pattern for every fixed time, when performing the said routine. The charge / discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A charging / discharging device comprising a cooling unit that integrally cools the power source and the conversion unit. The charge / discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
At least one of a first command requesting continuous discharge of the power source to an external power system and a second command requesting intermittent charge / discharge of the power source for the purpose of frequency stabilization in the power system With a predictor to predict reception,
The control unit executes the routine to warm the power source more strongly than when the pre-side unit predicts the reception of the second command than when the reception of the first command is predicted. Charge / discharge device. The charge / discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
At least one of a first command requesting continuous discharge of the power source to an external power system and a second command requesting intermittent charge / discharge of the power source for the purpose of frequency stabilization in the power system; A receiving unit for receiving,
The said control part is a charging / discharging apparatus which gives priority to the control based on the instruction | command which the said receiving part received rather than the said routine, when the said receiving part receives at least one of the said 1st instruction | command and the said 2nd instruction | command. The charge / discharge device according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The coil is a secondary coil that receives power from the primary coil in a non-contact manner,
The control unit executes the routine so that the frequency of the current flowing through the coil does not become a resonance frequency of the primary coil and the secondary coil by executing the routine.   Transportation equipment which has the charging / discharging apparatus of any one of Claim 1 to 9. Power supply,
Two switch parts including two high-side and low-side switching elements connected in series, and a coil for connecting the two switch parts with a connection point between the high-side switching element and the low-side switching element; And a converter that converts electric power for charging the power source or electric power discharged from the power source, and
Based on a plurality of patterns based on a combination of PWM control of the switching element on one side of one of the two switch units and ON control of the switching element on the other side of the other of the two switch units, A control unit that controls an on / off operation of each switching element included in the two switch units, and a control method performed by the charging / discharging device,
When heating the power source, the control unit forms a closed circuit with the power source and the conversion unit, and executes a routine for switching the plurality of patterns in a circulating manner,
The plurality of patterns, when all the patterns circulate once, the loss generated in the switching elements on the one side of the two switch sections, and the switching on the other side of the two switch sections, respectively. A control method that is set so that at least one of the losses generated in the element is equal.

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