JP6605401B2 - How to reduce chemical damage - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention continuously reduces the phytotoxicity given to useful plants when sprayed with herbicides and insecticides, grows useful plants healthy, and further reduces the phytotoxicity of agricultural chemicals for increasing the yield. Regarding the method.

Many pesticides have been used for the purpose of controlling weeds and pests that have an adverse effect on the growth of useful plants.However, depending on the type of pesticide used, not only weeds and pests can be used for healthy growth of useful plants. There are cases where it has an adverse effect (so-called “drug damage”). For the purpose of reducing this phytotoxicity, various phytotoxicity reducing agents have been proposed so far, particularly for herbicides.
However, in general, the use of a phytotoxicity reducing agent has an effect of reducing the phytotoxicity of a specific herbicide, but has not been able to obtain an excellent phytotoxicity reduction effect against a wide range of agrochemicals such as herbicides.

  As a method for reducing this phytotoxicity, for example, in Patent Document 1 by the present applicants, fertilizers containing seaweed or an extract thereof and the like, a useful plant growth regulator or a nutrient, etc. It is described that the phytotoxicity given to useful plants is greatly reduced and the useful plants grow healthy without lowering.

However, the seaweed extract used in this Patent Document 1 requires a large-scale device having a heating and elution function, and a large cost is generated. Moreover, the seaweed extract cannot extract all except cellulose, and there is still room for improvement in that many abundant seaweed components are lost by heating.
Similarly, the seaweed cream used in Patent Document 1 is produced by wet pulverization or freeze pulverization. However, in any production method, the amount of moisture becomes excessive and the apparatus becomes large. Significant costs are incurred. Furthermore, the seaweed cream does not show any component loss due to heating, but a lot of cellulose residue remains, and the strainer (80 mesh) inside the power sprayer clogged during precipitation and spraying during fertilization. There are concerns.

  As described above, the conventional method for reducing phytotoxicity that uses and disperses seaweed in the form of an extract or cream as described in Patent Document 1 cannot effectively use an active ingredient such as betaine contained in seaweed, The effect of reducing phytotoxicity is small except for a short period immediately after application and immediately after application, and there is a problem in terms of continuation effect in order to improve practicality. Moreover, the effect of increasing the yield of useful plants was insufficient.

  In addition, this conventional method for reducing phytotoxicity using seaweed may cause clogging in a power sprayer used for spraying, and a phytotoxicity reduction method suitable for the spraying method has been desired.

JP2003-261404 (Claims, Examples, etc.)

  The present invention has been made under such circumstances, and when various agricultural chemicals are used, a spraying system that effectively and continuously reduces phytotoxicity to useful plants without reducing the activity of the agricultural chemicals. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for reducing phytotoxicity suitable for a patient.

  The present inventors have prepared a dispersion containing finely pulverized seaweed having an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, or the pulverized seaweed before or after application of an agrochemical causing phytotoxicity to useful plants. When sprayed, the phytotoxicity to useful plants was significantly reduced over a relatively long period without reducing the activity of agricultural chemicals, and the useful plants grew healthy, and the present invention was completed. .

That is, the method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention includes the following (1) to ( 2 ).

(1) A method for reducing phytotoxicity to useful plants when agricultural chemicals are sprayed, wherein the mixture is prepared by spraying a mixture of pre-mixed a composition containing seaweed and agricultural chemicals on the useful plants. The liquid is a dry pulverized dispersion containing 0.001 to 0.01% by mass of finely ground seaweed selected from the following group A having an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and an agrochemical selected from the following group B: A method for reducing phytotoxicity, characterized in that the spraying is performed using a power sprayer with a strainer .
Group A: At least one selected from the group of Ascofilum Nodsum, Echronia Maxima, Durvillea Potatoram, Laminaria Parida
Group B: at least one selected from Lenacil, Chloridazone, Funmedifam, Bentazone, Cetoxidim, MCP, Linuron, Pendimethalin, Ioxinyl, Metrivudine, Imazamoxammonium salt, Piraflufenethyl, Tepraloxydim and Ethiophenecarb

(2) The method for reducing phytotoxicity according to the above (1), wherein Ascophyllum nodsum or Echonia maxima is used as the seaweed.

  Thus, the method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention, that is, before or after applying agricultural chemicals, or after applying agricultural chemicals, contains finely pulverized seaweed having an average particle diameter (dry pulverized) of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, or the pulverized seaweed thereof. The method for reducing phytotoxicity of agricultural chemicals, which is characterized by spraying the dispersion liquid, is effective in applying phytotoxicity to useful plants without degrading the activity of agricultural chemicals with high work efficiency without imposing a load such as clogging on the power sprayer. Can be reduced. Moreover, the continuous phytotoxicity reduction effect and the high yield increase effect which were not able to be achieved by the conventional method can be obtained.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for reducing phytotoxicity according to the present invention will be described in detail.
The method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention is a method for reducing phytotoxicity given to useful plants when an agricultural chemical is sprayed. The average particle size (dry pulverized) is 1 μm before, during or after application of the agricultural chemical. As described above, the fine powdered seaweed of 20 μm or less or the dispersion containing the finely powdered seaweed is dispersed.

  Seaweed is a general term for algae that are established and grow on the seabed, and is classified into green algae, brown algae, red algae, and the like according to leaf color. As the seaweed used in the present invention, any seaweed can be used. For example, in the case of brown algae, the genus Eckonia, Alaria, Undaria, Laminaria, Macrochitis ( Macrocystis, Lessonia and Nereocystis, Ascophyllum and Fucus, Durvillea, Sargasum In the case of green algae, examples include the genus Aosa, the genus Mill, the genus Fusaiwa and the genus Tamazumo.

Among these seaweeds, Ascophyllum nodosum (Ascophyllum nodsum), Ecklonia maxima (Echonia maxima), Durvillea pototarum (Durvillea Potatoram), Laminaria pallida, etc. are preferred. As seaweeds used in the field, Ascophyllum nodosum (Ascophyllum nodosum) or Ecklonia maxima (Echronia maxima), compared with other seaweeds, various amino acids, alginic acid, polysaccharides, vitamins, nucleic acids, enzymes, pigments essential for plant growth It is preferable in that it contains a large amount of plant hormone-like substances and betaines.
Ascophyllum nodsum and Echonia maxima contain 5 to 13 times more betaines than other seaweeds. Betaines of the _{formula: (CH3) 3 N + CHRCOO-} (. Wherein, R represents hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group) is a compound represented by the external stress (moisture, salinity, temperature, flaws Etc.), and promotes absorption from roots and leaves and migration into plants.

The finely powdered seaweed that is an essential component of the present invention is limited to seaweed that has been dry-ground to an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less. In the present invention, the “average particle diameter” means an average particle diameter measured by laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement.
The limitation to the dry pulverized product is not preferable in the case where the seaweed is wet and frozen pulverized, because the effects specific to the present invention of continuous phytotoxicity reduction and yield increase do not appear. Although it is not clear why the effect of the present invention can be obtained only by dry pulverization, the active ingredients of seaweed (minerals, amino acids, vitamins and plant hormones) are obtained by dry pulverization to an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less. ) Is not lost or altered, and is presumably present in a state that is easy to use in useful plants.

As the dry pulverization apparatus for producing the finely ground seaweed of the present invention, a jet mill pulverizer capable of fine pulverization within the particle size range of the present invention without fear of component loss due to heat generation during pulverization is preferable. Regarding the seaweed pulverization by a jet mill pulverizer, those described in JP-A-2002-65223 and JP-A-2005-237349 are known as conventional techniques.
When the particle size of the finely ground seaweed of the present invention produced with a jet mill grinder is measured with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer, the average particle size (cumulative 50%) is 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

When the average particle size exceeds 20 μm in the pulverization of seaweed, the effects specific to the present invention of continuous reduction in phytotoxicity and increase in yield do not appear, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if the average particle size is less than 1 μm, it takes a long time to finely pulverize and the yield decreases, which is not preferable in terms of production efficiency and yield of finely ground seaweed. Furthermore, an improvement tendency of the specific effect accompanying the miniaturization was observed up to the average particle size of 1 μm, but this improvement was not confirmed even when the average particle size was reduced to less than 1 μm (described in detail in Examples described later).
Even when adding to the agricultural chemical solution (diluent) in application of fine powdered seaweed, if the average particle size exceeds 20 μm, the mixing efficiency is poor, and if it is less than 1 μm, dust at the time of addition becomes a problem, and neither is preferable.

  As described above, the mechanism of action of the unique effect in finely ground seaweed with an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less (dry grinding) is unknown, but the active ingredients of seaweed are efficient under these fine grinding conditions. In addition, it is expected that the insoluble component of a specific size adheres to the plant body and is suitably affected by being solubilized and extracted from the cells.

In the method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention, the use concentration of fine powdered seaweed added to the spray liquid (dispersion) is 0.0001 to 0.03%, preferably 0.001 to 0.01% in terms of dry matter. It is desirable to contain fine powdered seaweed. Examples of the dispersion medium include water (tap water, distilled water, purified water), dilute solutions of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers, and the like.
This is because when the concentration used (in terms of dry matter) exceeds 0.03%, the viscosity of the finely ground seaweed is too high to be used at the time of application, and even when it exceeds 0.01%, the viscosity is relatively high. For this reason, when diluted with tap water, it becomes lumpy and somewhat difficult to use. On the other hand, if the use concentration (dry matter equivalent) of finely powdered seaweed is less than 0.0001%, an increase in yield to the target crop (useful plant) and a continuous phytotoxicity reduction effect cannot be expected. The yield increasing effect and the continuous phytotoxicity mitigating effect can be obtained with high reproducibility and high reproducibility when the concentration of finely ground seaweed used (in terms of dry matter) is 0.001% or more.

  In the present invention, as an agrochemical capable of obtaining a particularly excellent phytotoxicity-reducing effect, for example, lenacyl, chloridazone, fenmedifam, bentazone, cetoxidim, MCP, linuron, pendimethalin, ioxynil, metribuzin, imazamox ammonium salt, pilaf Examples include herbicides such as rufenethyl and tepraloxydim; insecticides such as etiophencarb; one selected from these and combinations of two or more thereof.

  In the present invention, before or after applying the agrochemical, or after applying the agrochemical, the fine particle seaweed having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less or a dispersion containing the finely powdered seaweed is dispersed. Examples of the method include a soil spraying method and a foliage spraying method. In the soil spraying method, the seeds of useful plants are sprayed on the soil before sowing. In the foliage spraying method, the useful plant and its peripheral part are sprayed at any time after the useful plant germinates.

As a method of combining the finely ground seaweed (or dispersion thereof) and the pesticide in the application method of the present invention, for example, (i) the finely ground seaweed (or dispersion thereof) and the agricultural chemical are previously mixed and sprayed on useful plants. (Ii) A method of spraying pesticides after spraying fine powdered seaweed (or dispersion thereof) on useful plants before spraying of pesticides, (iii) A method of spraying pesticides and then spraying fine powdered seaweeds (or dispersion thereof) A method of spraying a liquid).
Further, the time difference between the spraying times of the agricultural chemical and the fine powdered seaweed (or dispersion thereof) is acceptable even within one week, but usually within 72 hours, preferably within 48 hours, more preferably within 24 hours, particularly preferably. Within 6 hours.

  The amount of fine powdered seaweed (or dispersion) applied varies depending on the type of useful plant, the type of agricultural chemical, the amount applied, etc., but the amount of fine powdered seaweed in the composition is 0.1 to 30 g per 10 ares, preferably The amount is 1 to 10 g.

  A useful plant to which the method for reducing phytotoxicity of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a useful plant that is sprayed with an agrochemical to cause phytotoxicity and needs to be reduced. For example, tea, spinach, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, celery, leek, cabbage, carrot, radish, turnip, burdock, tomato, cucumber, eggplant, bell pepper, melon, watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber, mushroom, strawberry, tangerine, hassaku, Yokan, Ponkan, Summer mandarin, Apple, Oyster, None, Biwa, Kiwi fruit, Peach, Plum, Plum, Outo, Onion, Garlic, Bulb, Azuki, Edamame, Green beans, Pea, Soy, Peanut, Useful plants such as potato, sweet potato, rice, wheat, corn, beet, sugar cane, lawn, chrysanthemum, vegetables, flower buds, asparagus and the like can be mentioned.

  Next, the present invention will be described based on examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. Agricultural chemicals, target useful plants, and the like can be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It can be changed freely.

(Test Example 1)
In this Test Example 1, the following fine powdered seaweed and seaweed extract powder (100 g each) were used, and the solubilized portion that passed through the membrane filter (0.45 μm) after being appropriately diluted with water (tap water) was analyzed by amino acid analysis. Measured with an apparatus. The results of this amino acid analysis are shown in Table 1 below as the solubilized amino acid content contained in the fine powdered seaweed and seaweed extract powder. In addition, almost all the seaweed extract powder was present as a solubilizing component.
[Fine-powdered seaweed] The dried coarse-grained seaweed (Ascophilum Nodsum) was pulverized (dry pulverized) with a jet mill pulverizer, and the average particle size obtained with a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer was 5.7 μm [particle size Fine powdered seaweed with a distribution (integrated 5% to 95%: volume basis 1 to 22 μm)] was obtained.
[Seaweed extract powder] Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodsum) cut to 1 mm size with a cutter was heated with hot water (about 90 ° C) for 8 hours, and the solid content was separated by filtration to prepare a seaweed extract (liquid). This seaweed extract (liquid) was spray-dried with a spray dryer device to obtain seaweed extract powder.

  From the results of Table 1 above, it can be seen that finely powdered seaweed having an average particle size of 5.7 μm contains more amino acids that are soluble in water than seaweed extract.

(Test Example 2)
In Test Example 2, the fine powdered seaweed of Test Example 1 (average particle size: 5.7 μm) and the following seaweed cream were diluted 500 times with water, and then applied to an agricultural spreader (Toyo Agricultural Machinery, with 80 mesh strainer). 3600 L tank), and after the entire amount was ejected, the strainer clogging was visually confirmed. The results (Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 1) are shown in Table 2.
[Seaweed Cream] As seaweed creams A and B, Goemar's seaweed cream (Goemer GA14, average particle size 22 μm) and Algea's seaweed cream (Algeafert, average particle size 250 μm) were used.

  Seaweed cream A (Comparative Example 1) did not show a pressure drop of the power sprayer, but adhesion of seaweed was seen inside the strainer, and it was thought that there was a high concern that pressure drop would occur after multiple use. Moreover, clogging generate | occur | produced the seaweed cream B (comparative example 2), and the pressure of the power sprayer fell. On the other hand, spraying for agriculture with finely ground seaweed (Example 1) showed no occurrence of clogging and no pressure drop of the power sprayer, and application with high work efficiency was possible.

(Test Example 3)
Using the seaweed extract and seaweed cream B of Test Examples 1 and 2 above, and fine powdered seaweed of various sizes produced by a jet mill grinder, the following beet phytotoxicity reduction test was performed (test group: Comparative Example 3). 7, all 8 test sections of Examples 2-4). The results are shown in Table 3 below.

In the beet phytotoxicity alleviation test, beet seeds were sown in a paper pot, and the seedlings were grown to the 2nd leaf stage. The 2 leaf stage beets were transplanted into 4 pots of 4 individuals, and 4 pots were prepared per test section.
Then, a herbicide Lenapack (1000-fold dilution) and betanal (250-fold dilution) and a mixture of each form of seaweed (0.001% dilution) are sprayed (sprayed water volume 100 liter / 10a, sprayed application 1), and a test example 3 started.
Seven days after the start of the test, the degree of weeding and phytotoxicity against weeds and beets was visually observed and evaluated with an index of 0 (none) to 10 (dead) (Evaluation 1). Here, when the index is 4 or more, there is a practical problem of the weeding practical effect and phytotoxicity. In addition, after this evaluation, a mixed solution of the herbicide Lenapack (1000-fold dilution) and betanal (250-fold dilution) was sprayed on the same day (spraying water amount 100 liter / 10a, spraying application 2).
Furthermore, 14 days after the start of the test, the same weeding and phytotoxicity observation and dismantling investigation (removing the ground part directly under the cotyledon and measuring the weight of the ground part) were carried out (Evaluation 2). Here, it is determined that the one having a relative increase of 20% or more as compared with the test plot without seaweed (Comparative Example 3) has an effect of increasing the yield.

In Evaluation 1 of Table 3 above, phytotoxicity was observed in the seaweed-free zone (Comparative Example 3), whereas phytotoxicity was reduced in all zones where seaweed extract, seaweed cream and fine powdered seaweed were added. . However, in the beet state (evaluation 2) after spraying only the herbicidal solution (no seaweed added) (spraying application 2), the effect of reducing the phytotoxicity was observed only in the test area with the addition of fine powdered seaweed in the specific size range. Furthermore, in the same test section, the relative increase from the comparison section was 20% or more. From this result, it can be seen that when finely pulverized seaweed having an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less is sprayed, a continuous phytotoxicity reduction effect and a yield increase effect can be obtained.
Summing up the above results, the method of the present invention can effectively reduce the phytotoxicity to useful plants without reducing the activity of agricultural chemicals with high work efficiency without applying a load such as clogging to the power sprayer. In addition, it was confirmed that a continuous phytotoxicity reduction effect and a high yield increase effect that could not be achieved by the conventional method can be obtained.

According to the present invention, since there are continuous effects of various agricultural chemicals on useful plants, phytotoxicity can be reduced with less application (number of times, concentration). In addition, the finely powdered seaweed of the present invention or a dispersion thereof can be applied practically because it can be easily sprayed, hardly affects the effect of agricultural chemicals, and can be expected to increase the yield of useful plants.

Claims (2)

In a method of reducing phytotoxicity on useful plants when pesticides are sprayed, in a method of spraying a mixture of pre-mixed a composition containing seaweed and pesticides on useful plants, the mixture is: A dispersion containing 0.001 to 0.01% by mass of finely ground seaweed selected from the following group A having an average particle size of 1 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and a pesticide selected from the following group B are mixed in advance. A method for reducing phytotoxicity, characterized in that spraying is performed using a power sprayer with a strainer .
Group A: At least one selected from the group of Ascofilum Nodsum, Echronia Maxima, Durvillea Potatoram, Laminaria Parida
Group B: at least one selected from Lenacil, Chloridazone, Funmedifam, Bentazone, Cetoxidim, MCP, Linuron, Pendimethalin, Ioxinyl, Metrivudine, Imazamoxammonium salt, Piraflufenethyl, Tepraloxydim and Ethiophenecarb The method for reducing phytotoxicity according to claim 1, wherein Ascophyllum nodsum or Echonia maxima is used as the seaweed.