JP6606396B2 - Apparatus operating system and apparatus operating method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus operating system and is suitable for application to, for example, equipment used in stations, airports, and other public places, and production equipment in factories.

  Equipment used in stations, airports and other public places, and various equipment used in factory production equipment, etc. are composed of various parts, and these parts each require independent maintenance. There are many. Especially in the case of consumable parts, the device cannot be operated continuously when the parts placed in the device are consumed. Therefore, for consumable parts, maintenance must be performed when consumed or before it is consumed. There is.

  Patent document 1 is disclosing about sharing an installation based on a use plan etc. in a production processing system. Patent Document 2 discloses an analysis apparatus that is an example of a dangerous substance detection apparatus.

JP2013-115118A Japanese Patent No. 5690840

  For example, a dangerous goods detection device that is supposed to be installed at a station or airport consumes consumable parts such as helium according to the operating time, and the filter is consumed according to the number of users, and requires maintenance. The parameters that determine the timing to do are different. In such an apparatus having independent maintenance parameters, if maintenance is performed separately at each timing, the number of maintenance increases, which may lead to a decrease in operating rate and an increase in maintenance costs. is there.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus operating system that reduces the number of maintenance operations in apparatuses having different maintenance parameters.

  In order to solve this problem, the apparatus operating system of the present invention has a maintenance period that is a period in which the first maintenance is required for the apparatus, and a parameter value that requires the second maintenance for the apparatus. Based on the maintenance parameter value, an optimum change amount calculating unit that calculates an optimum change amount that is a change amount of the optimum parameter value per unit period, and based on the optimum change amount calculated by the optimum change amount calculating unit An apparatus operation system comprising an operation apparatus selection unit that selects an apparatus to be operated from among the plurality of apparatuses.

  In addition, the apparatus operating method of the present invention has a maintenance period that is a period in which the first maintenance is required for the apparatus, and a maintenance parameter value that is a parameter value that requires the second maintenance for the apparatus. Based on the step of calculating the optimum change amount that is the change amount of the optimum parameter value per unit period, and based on the optimum change amount calculated by the optimum change amount calculation unit, the plurality of devices are operated. And a step of selecting a device to be operated.

  According to the present invention, the number of maintenance operations can be reduced in an apparatus having different maintenance parameters.

1 is a top view schematically showing a security gate system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the structure of the dangerous material detection apparatus in the 1st security gate of FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the apparatus control part of FIG. It is a figure shown about the functional block of an apparatus operating system. It is an operation number table which preserve | saves the number operated according to the estimated total frequency | count of use. It is a number-of-uses data table in which the total number of times of use of all dangerous substance detection devices in each time zone is stored. It is an operation number table of each time slot | zone which preserve | saves the operation number in each time slot | zone, the average frequency | count (predicted change amount) per time, and a 1st deviation. It is a usage status management table in which the number of uses per device (change amount) per time and the second deviation are stored. It is an operating device determination table which preserve | saves the sum of the 1st deviation and 2nd deviation with respect to each apparatus about a time slot | zone (24: 00-6 o'clock). It is an operation apparatus management table which stores the apparatus number of the dangerous substance detection apparatus which operate | moves in each time slot | zone. It is a graph which shows the change of the frequency | count of use with respect to the operating time in a dangerous substance detection apparatus (device number 1). It is a graph which shows the change of the frequency | count of use with respect to the operating time in a dangerous substance detection apparatus (device number 2). It is a graph which shows the change of the frequency | count of use with respect to the operating time in a dangerous substance detection apparatus (apparatus number 3). It is a flowchart shown about the process of the operating device selection part at the time of checkpoint arrival.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

(1) Configuration of Security Gate System According to this Embodiment FIG. 1 is a top view schematically showing a security gate system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in this figure, the security gate system 100 includes six security gates (first security gate 101 to sixth security gate 106). The first security gate 101 to the sixth security gate 106 are each an IC card. , A dangerous substance detection device 200 having apparatus numbers 1 to 6 for detecting dangerous substances from fine particles adhering to a mobile phone, a ticket, a hand or a finger, and a gate is opened and closed based on a detection result of the dangerous substance detection apparatus 200 A gate device 400. For example, a person using the first security gate 101 detects a dangerous substance with the dangerous substance detection device 200, and when no dangerous substance is detected, the gate opens and opens the gate apparatus 400 in the direction of the arrow 110. pass. On the other hand, if detected, the gate remains closed. In the present embodiment, a security gate system 100 having a total of six security gates will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to six, and other security gate systems having a plurality of security gates can be used. In the present embodiment, the security gate system 100 using the first security gate 101 to the sixth security gate 106 will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to the security gate system and has a plurality of maintenance parameters. The present invention can be applied to a system using a plurality of similar devices.

(2) Configuration of Dangerous Goods Detection Device FIG. 2 is a block diagram for mainly explaining the configuration of the dangerous material detection device 200 in the first security gate 101 of FIG. Since the second security gate 102 to the sixth security gate 106 have the same configuration, the description thereof is omitted. As shown in this figure, the dangerous substance detection device 200 has a volatile storage device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a RAM (Random Access Memory), a non-volatile storage device such as a hard disk, etc. The device control unit 250 that controls the device 200 in an integrated manner, the authentication unit 214 that authenticates the authentication target 500 such as an IC card, a mobile phone, and a ticket, and the authentication of the device control unit 250 when the authentication unit 214 performs authentication. By the control, an air supply unit 212 that sends an air flow to peel off fine particles attached to an IC card, a mobile phone, a ticket, a hand, or a finger in the vicinity of the authentication unit 214, and an air flow sent from the air supply unit 212 is an authentication unit. The air outlet 213 that blows out to the top 214, the air intake unit 215 that sucks the separated fine particles under the control of the apparatus control unit 250, and the filter that concentrates and collects the fine particles of the detection target substance. A mass analysis unit 217 that ionizes and mass-analyzes the sample, which is a collected fine particle, and transmits a detection result to the apparatus control unit 250, and supplies a gas for ionizing the sample to the mass analysis unit 217 A gas supply source 218 to be controlled, a power supply unit 219 that is controlled by the device control unit 250 to switch the operation state / stop state of the dangerous substance detection device 200, and a communication unit 220 that communicates with the device operation system 300 described later. is doing.

  For example, when receiving a negative result that the detection target substance has not been detected from the mass analysis unit 217, the device control unit 250 sends a signal for opening the gate to the gate device 400 and receives the signal. The part 411 opens the gate, confirms the passage of the person who has been inspected, and closes the gate. On the other hand, when a positive result is received, an alarm can be notified to the administrator by sounding or blinking a light without sending a signal for opening the gate to the gate device 400.

  Here, the gas of the gas supply source 218 is always consumed while the dangerous substance detection apparatus 200 is operating, even if mass spectrometry is not performed. Therefore, when the dangerous substance detection apparatus 200 is in an operating state for a predetermined period, it is necessary to perform “first maintenance” such as replenishing new gas. Here, a predetermined period during which gas replenishment is required is referred to as a “maintenance period”. In the present embodiment, for the sake of explanation, the maintenance period is illustratively 240 hours. Further, since fine particles other than the components to be detected adhere to the filter unit 216, the filter unit 216 becomes dirty with the number of uses. Therefore, it is necessary to perform “second maintenance” such as cleaning and reusing as necessary, or replacing with a new one. Here, the number of times of use that requires maintenance is referred to as “maintenance parameter value”. In the present embodiment, for the sake of explanation, the maintenance parameter value is 2,000 times as an example. Here, it is assumed that the device control unit 250 and the communication unit 220 operate even when the dangerous substance detection device 200 is in a stopped state.

(3) Configuration of Device Control Unit of Dangerous Goods Detection Device FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the device control unit 250 of FIG. As shown in this figure, the device control unit 250 including a CPU and various storage devices supplies an air supply / intake control unit 251 that instructs the air supply unit 212 and the intake unit 215 to supply and intake air. The analysis result determination unit 252 that receives the mass analysis result from the mass analysis unit 217 and transmits an instruction for opening and closing the gate of the gate device 400 and each time when the dangerous substance detection device 200 is used are acquired. The usage monitoring unit 253 stored in the device storage unit 256 in the device control unit 250 and the time during which the dangerous substance detection device 200 has been in operation since the previous first maintenance are integrated and stored in the device storage unit 256 or the like. By receiving an instruction from the operating time measuring unit 254 to be stored and an apparatus operating system 300 described later and instructing ON / OFF of the power supply unit 219, the operating state of the dangerous object detection apparatus 200 and It has a power supply control unit 255 for switching the stop state, the.

(4) Configuration of Device Operation System FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating functional blocks of the device operation system 300. As shown in this figure, the apparatus operating system 300 is connected to the dangerous object detection apparatuses 200 having apparatus numbers 1 to 6 through communication networks. Here, in FIG. 4, the device operating system 300 is described separately from the dangerous material detection device 200, but the device operating system 300 may be included in any dangerous material detection device 200 or a plurality of dangerous material detection devices 200. It may be distributed in the dangerous substance detection device 200. As shown in this figure, the apparatus operating system 300 connected to the dangerous object detection apparatuses 200 having the apparatus numbers 1 to 6 via the communication network includes a maintenance period in which a first maintenance such as gas replacement is required, and An optimum change amount calculation unit 301 that calculates an optimum change amount that is the optimum number of times of use per time using the number of times of use (maintenance parameter value) that requires second maintenance such as filter replacement, and detection of each dangerous substance Necessary when the operating device selection unit 302 receives the operating time and the use time from the device 200 and selects the device to be operated in each time zone based on the optimum change amount, and the operating device selection unit 302 selects the operating device. And a system storage unit 303 for storing various data.

  Here, the optimum change amount will be described. FIG. 11, which will be described later, shows a graph in which the horizontal axis is the operation time and the vertical axis is the number of times of use. For example, the maintenance period requiring the first maintenance such as gas replacement is 240 hours, and the filter If the number of uses (maintenance parameter value) that requires the second maintenance such as replacement is 2,000 times, the ideal straight line of the line connecting the intersection of the maintenance parameter value and the maintenance period with the origin is indicated by a one-dot chain line in the figure. In this example, the optimum change amount is 8.3 (times / hour). The optimum change amount is stored in the system storage unit 303. However, the optimal change amount is not limited to this, and the second maintenance may be performed at a plurality of times of the first maintenance, or conversely, the first maintenance time may be performed at the timing of the plurality of times of the second maintenance. Maintenance may be performed.

  For example, the contents of the tables shown in FIGS. 5 to 10 are stored in the system storage unit 303. FIG. 5 is an operating number table for storing the number of operating units in accordance with the expected total number of uses during a predetermined period (for example, 6 hours), and FIG. 6 shows all the dangerous goods detection devices 200 in each time zone. FIG. 7 is a usage number data table in which the total number of usages is stored (for example, a moving average for one week). FIG. 7 applies the number of operating units in the operating unit table to the number of uses in the usage number data table. The number of operating units in and the average number of times of use per unit time (predicted change amount) when operating with that number of operations are saved, and the difference between the average number of uses (predicted change amount) and the optimal change amount It is an operation number table of each time zone which preserve | saves a certain 1st deviation. In the present embodiment, the predicted change amount is based on a moving average in the past week of use, but the predicted change amount may be obtained by another method.

  FIG. 8 shows the number of times of use (change) of each device when the dangerous substance detection device 200 of any of the device numbers 1 to 6 reaches a predetermined operation time (check point) shorter than the maintenance period. 9) is a usage status management table in which a second deviation that is a difference from the optimum change amount is saved, and FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a difference between the first deviation and the second deviation for each device in a certain time zone. FIG. 10 is an operating device management table that stores the device numbers of the dangerous substance detection devices operating in the respective time zones determined in the operating device determination table.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the use monitoring unit 253 and the operation time measurement unit 254 of all the dangerous substance detection devices 200 at 24 hours every day are used by the use time and operation of the device of the day via the respective communication units 220. The time may be notified. In this case, the operating device selection unit 302 of the device operating system 300 that has received the usage time and the operating time calculates the usage count for each time zone and updates the usage count data table of FIG. For example, the number-of-uses data table may be updated daily by moving averages by calculating an average of usage amounts for each time period for one week. For example, the average number of times of use for each time period from the first day to the seventh day is calculated, and when data collection of the number of times of use on the eighth day is completed, the data on the first day is discarded and the second day to the eighth day It may be updated to the number of times of use. The time zone can be used more appropriately according to the system to which it is applied. At this time, the average number of times of use (predicted change amount) and the optimal change amount are compared, the first deviation which is the difference is obtained, the operating number table in FIG. 7 is also updated, and stored in the system storage unit 303. In the present embodiment, the usage time and the operating time are notified every day. However, when the operating device selection unit 302 of the device operating system 300 selects an operating device, all of the operating times and operating times are notified every day. The use time and operation time may be collected from the dangerous substance detection device 200. In the present embodiment, the use time is notified, but the number of uses in each time zone may be calculated in each device, and notified together with other parameters such as the number of uses in each time zone. The comparison between the average number of times of use (predicted change amount) and the optimum change amount may be not only a difference, but also an operation such as a comparison or division.

(5) Selection of Dangerous Goods Detection Device to Operate FIGS. 11 to 13 are graphs showing changes in the number of times of use with respect to the operating time in the dangerous material detection devices 200 having the device numbers 1 to 3, respectively. As described above, in this example, the maintenance period that requires the first maintenance such as gas replacement is 240 hours, and the number of uses (maintenance parameter value) that requires the second maintenance such as filter replacement is 2, Since it is 000 times, the ideal straight line of the line connecting the intersection of the maintenance parameter value and the maintenance period with the origin is shown by a one-dot chain line in the figure, and the optimum change amount (slope) is 8.3 (times / hour). Here, the maintenance period of 240 hours is further divided into four, and the first check point to the third check point are determined every 60 hours.

  In these graphs, as indicated by a solid arrow, the dangerous object detection device 200 having the device number 1 reaches the operating time of 60 hours, which is the first check point. Here, although the dangerous goods detection apparatus 200 having the device numbers 2 to 6 has not yet reached the operation time of 60 hours, when any one of the dangerous goods detection apparatuses reaches the checkpoint, the operation time reaches 60 hours. The operating time measuring unit 254 of the dangerous object detection device 200 (device number 1) has notified the device operating system 300 via the communication unit 220 that the operating time is 60 hours or has reached the first checkpoint. To be notified. The operating device selection unit 302 of the device operating system 300 that has received this notification performs processing when the checkpoint is reached.

  FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating processing of the operating device selection unit 302 when the checkpoint is reached. When any dangerous object detection device 200 reaches the check point, the operating device selection unit 302 performs the processing shown in this flowchart. In the process of the operating device selection unit 302 when the check point is reached, first, the use time and the operating time are received from all the dangerous substance detection devices 200 (step S1). Here, when the use time or operation time up to the previous day has already been received, only the use time and / or operation time of the day may be received. Next, the number of uses (change amount) per unit time in each dangerous article detection device 200 is calculated (step S2), and the number of uses (change amount) per unit time and the optimum change amount 8.3 (times) are calculated. / Hour) and a second deviation which is the difference between them is calculated (step S3), and the usage status management table of FIG. 8 is created. The comparison between the number of times of use per unit time (change amount) and the optimum change amount may not only be a difference, but may be other operations such as comparison of magnitude and division.

  Next, a time zone for which the dangerous substance detection device 200 to be operated is selected, for example, 24:00 to 6 o'clock, is determined, and the number of operating units (24 (2 units in the example of time to 6 o'clock) is determined (step S4). Subsequently, it is confirmed whether the determined number of operating units is the total number (for example, 6 units) (step S5), and if it is the total number, it is selected as an apparatus for operating all the dangerous goods detection devices 200 (step S6). . On the other hand, when the total number is not an operating number, the second deviation of each dangerous substance detection device 200 in the usage status management table in FIG. 8 is a target in the operating number table in each time slot in FIG. The operating device determination table of FIG. 9 is created by adding the first deviation of the time zone (step S7), and the number of operating devices (from 24 o'clock to 20:00) in ascending order of the absolute value of the sum of the first deviation and the second deviation. The device number of 2 units in the 6 o'clock example is selected as the operating device (step S8). In FIG. 9, the absolute values of the sum of the first deviation and the second deviation are sorted in ascending order, and the upper two units are selected by surrounding them with bold lines. In FIG. 9, device numbers 1 and 4 are selected as operating devices from 24:00 to 6:00. When the selection of the operating device is completed in step S6 or S8, it is confirmed whether the operating device has been determined for all the time zones (step S9). If not determined, the process returns to step S4, and the operating device is not yet selected. The same processing is performed for the target time zone in which the device number has not been determined. If the device numbers of the operating devices have been determined for all time zones, the process is terminated.

  Since the processing when the next checkpoint is reached is performed when any dangerous object detection device 200 reaches the second checkpoint (operation time 120 hours), at each device at the first checkpoint (operation time 60 hours). If notification is to be made to the device operating system 300, the notification is changed to be notified at the second check point (operation time 120 hours). The updated operation target device management table of FIG. 10 may operate the security gate system 100 with the newly determined operation device from the start of the next time zone.

  By operating as described above, for example, the dangerous object detection apparatus 200 with the apparatus number 1 in FIG. 11 is operated with the number of times of use per unit time reduced, and the dangerous object detection apparatus 200 with the apparatus number 3 in FIG. Although it is not selected in the time zone from 24:00 to 6 o'clock, since the use in other time zones has been decided, the number of times of use per unit time has increased, and the dangerous material of device number 2 in FIG. The detection device 200 is operated with no change in the operating time and the number of times of use, for example, because it has not been selected.

(6) Effects of this embodiment Therefore, each device has a different maintenance timing because the operating device is determined so that the amount of change in the number of uses (maintenance parameter value) approaches the optimum amount of change. Even if it is a device, maintenance can be performed at the same time, so the number of maintenance can be reduced.

  Also, for example, when the devices are operating in a state where a plurality of devices are lined up, the use is concentrated on devices close to the entrance, etc., or when a device to be stopped in a predetermined order is determined There is a possibility that operation will be concentrated on the device, and maintenance of only a specific device may be required. However, the frequency of use can be leveled by determining the operating device so that the change amount of the maintenance parameter value approaches the optimum change amount as in the present embodiment.

(7) Other Embodiments In this embodiment, the same dangerous material detection apparatus 200 is used in the security gate system 100, but the same maintenance parameter value and maintenance period are the same. An apparatus may be used.

  In the present embodiment, the device operating system 300 is described as being disposed outside the dangerous substance detection device 200. However, the apparatus operation system 300 may be incorporated in any one of the dangerous substance detection devices 200, A plurality of dangerous object detection devices 200 may be incorporated in a distributed manner. In such a case, it is assumed that the plurality of dangerous object detection devices 200 communicate with each other.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the apparatus has one maintenance period and one maintenance parameter value has been described. However, the apparatus may have a plurality of maintenance periods and / or a plurality of maintenance parameter values. In this case, for example, the least common multiple of a plurality of maintenance periods may be applied as the representative maintenance period. If the plurality of maintenance parameter values are based on the number of times of use, etc., the least common multiple is used as the representative maintenance period. It may be applied as a parameter value. The maintenance parameter value may also be a period.

  In the present embodiment, the apparatus operating system 300 is applied to the dangerous substance detection apparatus 200. However, the apparatus is not limited to the dangerous substance detection apparatus, but is used in facilities such as stations, airports, and other public places, factories, and the like. The present invention can be applied to various devices used in production facilities.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the deviation is obtained by comparing the optimum change amount with another change amount. However, in the case of a device or the like that is used in advance, without obtaining the deviation or the like, For example, the schedule may be set so as to obtain the optimum change amount. Further, in the present embodiment, both the first deviation and the second deviation are obtained, but only the change amount of the parameter value per unit period of each device is compared with the optimum change amount, and the predicted change Without calculating the amount, the device having the change amount smaller than the optimum change amount may be selected as the device to be operated.

  In the present embodiment, the device to be operated is selected from the one having the smallest absolute value of the sum of the first deviation and the second deviation. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the next checkpoint and maintenance period elapses. For example, it is possible to determine a device to be operated from a device having a small amount of change so that the amount of change sometimes becomes an optimum amount. Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the apparatus operated for every time zone was selected, there may be no division of a time zone. Further, in the present embodiment, the checkpoint is set and the device to be operated is selected, but the device to be operated at another timing such as every day or every timing of operation can be selected.

  In the present embodiment, the parameter value is the number of times the consumable part is used. However, the present invention can be applied as long as the parameter value can be acquired even with the degree of deterioration. Further, in the present embodiment, the maintenance period is the total of the operation period in which the apparatus is operating from the previous first maintenance, but includes a period in which the apparatus is not operating due to the characteristics of the apparatus, etc. It may be.

  The present invention can be applied to facilities used in stations, airports, and other public places, factory production facilities, and the like.

100 Security Gate System, 101 1st Security Gate, 102 2nd Security Gate, 103 3rd Security Gate, 104 4th Security Gate, 105 5th Security Gate, 106 6th Security Gate, 200 Dangerous Goods Detection Device, 212 Air Supply Unit, 213 outlet, 214 authentication unit, 215 intake unit, 216 filter unit, 217 mass analysis unit, 218 gas supply source, 219 power supply unit, 220 communication unit, 250 device control unit, 251 intake control unit, 252 determination of analysis result Unit, 253 usage monitoring unit, 254 operation time measurement unit, 255 power supply control unit, 256 device storage unit, 300 device operation system, 301 optimum change amount calculation unit, 302 operation device selection unit, 303 system Storage unit, 400 a gate device, 411 a gate control unit, 500 authenticated

Claims (6)

There first maintenance period maintenance is a period required as a general specification that pair to specific types of devices of the plurality of devices, and as a general specifications against the device of the particular type An optimum change amount calculation unit that calculates an optimum change amount that is a change amount of an optimum maintenance parameter value per unit period based on a maintenance parameter value that is a parameter value as the number of times of use that requires second maintenance;
Based on the optimum amount of change calculated in the optimum change calculator, e Bei an operating apparatus selecting section for selecting a device to operate the plurality of equipment,
The operating device selection unit, for each of the plurality of devices,
Calculating a first deviation that is a difference between the predicted change amount that is an average number of times of use per unit time predicted when the device is operated and the optimum change amount;
Calculating a second deviation which is a difference between the amount of change per unit time and the optimum amount of change;
The operating device selection unit selects a device to be operated from the plurality of devices having a small absolute value of the sum of the first deviation and the second deviation.
Equipment production system. The apparatus operation system according to claim 1 ,
The operating device selection unit, for each time zone ,
With respect to the time period, the first deviation and the second deviation are calculated for each of the plurality of devices,
With respect to the time zone, a device to be operated is selected from those having a small absolute value of the sum of the first deviation and the second deviation.
An apparatus operating system characterized by that. In the apparatus operating system according to claim 1 or 2 ,
The operation apparatus selection unit performs selection of an operation apparatus when one of the plurality of apparatuses reaches a predetermined period within the maintenance period. In the apparatus operating system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
The maintenance period, device production system, wherein after said first maintenance, is an integrated operating time of the device is running. In the apparatus operating system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
Each of the plurality of devices is a dangerous material inspection device that inspects whether or not there is a relationship with a dangerous material by collecting and analyzing fine particles. There first maintenance period maintenance is a period required as a general specification that pair to specific types of devices of the plurality of devices, and as a general specifications against the device of the particular type A step in which the optimum change amount calculation unit calculates an optimum change amount that is a change amount of the optimum maintenance parameter value per unit period based on a maintenance parameter value that is a parameter value as the number of times of use that requires the second maintenance. When,
Based on the optimum amount of change calculated in the optimum change calculator, and the step of operating apparatus selecting section of the device to run out of the plurality of equipment to choose
With
Further, the operating device selection unit, for each of the plurality of devices,
Obtaining a first deviation which is a difference between the predicted change amount which is an average number of times of use per unit time predicted when the apparatus is operated and the optimum change amount;
Calculating a second deviation that is a difference between the change amount that is the number of times of use per unit time and the optimum change amount;
A step of selecting a device to be operated from a device having a smaller absolute value of the sum of the first deviation and the second deviation among the plurality of devices .

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