JP6607634B2 - 腫瘍の再発を抑制するための標的分子としてのtaf15遺伝子およびその産物 - Google Patents
腫瘍の再発を抑制するための標的分子としてのtaf15遺伝子およびその産物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6607634B2 JP6607634B2 JP2015175212A JP2015175212A JP6607634B2 JP 6607634 B2 JP6607634 B2 JP 6607634B2 JP 2015175212 A JP2015175212 A JP 2015175212A JP 2015175212 A JP2015175212 A JP 2015175212A JP 6607634 B2 JP6607634 B2 JP 6607634B2
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Description
[1]腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発を処置するための、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を抑制するための、TAF15遺伝子またはその産物の使用(ヒト個体での実施を除く。)。
[2]腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発を処置するための、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を抑制するための物質(substance)の開発における、TAF15遺伝子またはその産物の使用。
[3]物質が、分子標的薬である、2に記載の使用。
[4]物質が、TAF15遺伝子またはその産物に結合性の、ペプチド、アンチセンス分子、siRNAおよび低分子化合物、ならびにTAF15遺伝子またはその産物に対する抗体からなる群より選択されるいずれか一の開発における、2に記載の使用。
[5]TAF15遺伝子の産物の使用であり、該産物が、mRNAである、1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
[6]TAF15遺伝子またはその産物に結合性の、ペプチド、アンチセンス分子、siRNAおよび低分子化合物、ならびにTAF15遺伝子またはその産物に対する抗体からなる群より選択されるいずれか一を含む、腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発を処置するための、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を抑制するための、医薬組成物。
[7]TAF15遺伝子またはその産物を用いることを特徴とする、腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発を処置するための、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を抑制するための物質(substance)のスクリーニング方法。
[8]物質が、分子標的薬である、7に記載の方法。
[9]物質が、TAF15遺伝子またはその産物に結合性の、ペプチド、アンチセンス分子、siRNAおよび低分子化合物、ならびにTAF15遺伝子またはその産物に対する抗体からなる群より選択されるいずれか一である、7に記載の方法。
[10]対象から得られた生物学的試料中のTAF15遺伝子またはその産物を分析することを含む、対象における腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現の予測を補助する方法。
[11]TAF15遺伝子またはその産物を分析することが、TAF15_mRNAの量またはTAF15蛋白質の量を測定することにより決定される、10に記載の方法。
[12]TAF15遺伝子またはその産物の、対象における腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を予測するためのバイオマーカーとしての使用。
[13]対象における腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現の予防のための、殺細胞性抗腫瘍薬と抗TAF15抗体との複合体。
対数的に成長する細胞の成長抑制アッセイは、薬物が固形腫瘍のサイズを減少させるかまたは安定化する能力を反映するが、コロニー形成アッセイは薬物耐性腫瘍惹起single cells(Singh et al., 2003)からもたらされる最小数のがん細胞による再発を模倣する。慣用の化学療法剤について、5つのがん細胞株を用いてコロニー形成を50%抑制するのに必要な薬物濃度(CI50)を求めた。
各細胞株のGI50およびCI50濃度を、それぞれ増殖抑制アッセイおよびコロニー形成アッセイにより測定した。
コロニー形成アッセイは、次のように行った。細胞の播種の前に、薬物非添加の対照を含めて、薬物の6通りの10倍連続希釈(出発濃度は各条件に関してCI50であった)を6ウエルプレートに分配した。次に、用意された6つのプレート中に低密度にて(10-20 cells/cm2)細胞を入れた。播種後8−21日以内に薬剤非添加対照において、ウェルあたり約50のコロニーが出現した。
形態的観察により、成長抑制アッセイのための対数増殖期の細胞がフラスコの中で二次元的に伸展する(即ち、シート状)のに対し、コロニー形成細胞は密集して、小さく、そして縦方向に増殖することが観察された(図1A)。いずれの細胞株に対しても、慣用の殺細胞性抗腫瘍薬シスプラチン(CIS)およびドセタキセル(DTX)のCI50は、成長抑制に必要な濃度(GI50)よりも2−3桁小さかった。これに対し、分子標的薬物ゲフィチニブ(GEF)およびソラフェニブ(SOR)のCI50は、対応するGI50の数倍〜10倍未満であった(図1B)。
薬物耐性コロニー(DTC)は、CI50濃度において抗がん剤の存在下にて生存し得るコロニーとして定義される(図2)。本発明者らは、別の研究により、DTC形成のためのもっとも重要な機構の一つは、転写の制御であるとの知見を得ていた。今般、どの段階がコロニー形成細胞における転写活性に支配的に影響するのかを検討した。図3Aに、遺伝子発現プロセスおよび蛋白質合成プロセスにおける、分子標的部分の模式図を示した。
クロマチン形成、転写または蛋白質合成を阻害する4つの化合物により単純なスクリーニングを実施した。トリコスタチンA(TSA)は、クラスI/IIのヒストンデアセチラーゼ(HDAC)を阻害する抗菌性抗生物質である(Bolden et al., 2006)。アクチノマイシンD(AMD)は、RNAPI(0.05μg/mlにおいて)、RNAPII(0.5μg/mlにおいて)およびRNAPIII(5μg/mlにおいて)の阻害剤として作用することにより複数の種類の肉腫を治療するための臨床的応用性を有する環状ポリペプチド含有抗生物質である(Bensaude, 2011)。α-AMAはキノコの毒素であって、RNAPIIの阻害剤である(Bensaude, 2011; Lindell et al., 1970)。シクロヘキシミド(CHX)は抗菌性抗生物質であって、翻訳伸長の阻害剤である(Schneider-Poetsch et al., 2010)。
結果を図3Bに示した。TSAは24時間の暴露によりコロニー形成を抑制した。α-AMAは、TSAと同様の24時間の処理による完全なコロニーの抑制に加えて、4時間のみの暴露においても効果を生じた。一方、特異性の低いRNAP阻害剤AMDは4時間および24時間の両方において顕著なコロニーの抑制を示さなかったことから、RNAPIIの選択的阻害がコロニー形成の阻害効果において顕著な役割を担うことが示唆される。CHXはコロニー形成をわずかに抑制したが、蛋白質合成のCHX-誘導性阻害のコロニー形成減少に対する効果は、エピジェネティック制御およびmRNA合成のそれよりも穏やかなようであった。クロマチン修飾は、コロニー形成の間の遺伝子発現における変化に隠れた主要な原因の一つであるかもしれないが(Shi et al., 2011)、本実験による発見は、初期mRNA合成のRNAPII依存性阻害がコロニー形成のほぼ完全な抑制を生じさせるのに十分であることを暗示する。
DTCsに関連する転写制御機構は、薬剤の存在下で無期限に増殖するがん細胞の小集団である薬剤耐性細胞集団(DTEPs)の出現の間に起こる、非ランダムな全体的なクロマチンの変化に関連するとの報告がある(Sharma et al., 2010)。予想されたとおり、さまざまな染色体局在に伴う別々に発現された遺伝子のDTC中の分布は大部分ランダムでなかった(図6A)。別の実験では、遺伝子セットエンリッチメント解析(GSEA)は、高密度の遺伝子発現が染色体座特異的に観察され、染色体メチル化の状態とおおよそ一致したことを明らかにした。これらの観察をもとに、短時間(4時間)暴露後のDTC抑制におけるHDAC阻害剤TSAの効果を検証した。
実験3で示したように、α-AMAによるインビトロにおけるDTC発生の抑制(図4B)は、α-アマニチンがPCの処置に有用であることを期待させる。α-AMAの経口摂取は消化管、肝臓および腎臓における毒性のために直接死に結びつくことが報告されている(Word et al., 2013)。本発明者らは、確立された再発PCモデルを用いて、薬物処理後のMKN45細胞の腹腔内接種により、α-AMAの治療的特性および毒物学的特性の両方を調べた。
細胞をsingle cell懸濁液にまで希釈して、0.2μM CISの存在または不在下で低密度にて(2.6×102cells/cm2)播種した。条件ごとに播種後13日目のコロニー数をカウントした。
腫瘍細胞接種後のマウスの体重は、α-AMAのみ(α-AMA)、CISのみ(CIS)および非処理の群において10日目から急激な減少を示したのに対し、α-AMAおよびCIS(α-AMA/CIS)の連続投与を受けた群は、体重を維持した(図5A)。
本発明者らは、抗がん剤の存在下で生存する亜集団である再発性のがん細胞のインビトロモデルとして、DTCを用いた。各薬物に対するDTCは、single cellまたは極めて少数の細胞のいずれかから惹起することが可能であり、治療的外科手術、続くアジュバント化学療法の後のヒトにおけるがんの再発のプロセスを模倣しうる。
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Claims (5)
- TAF15遺伝子またはその産物に結合性の、アンチセンス分子、およびsiRNAからなる群より選択されるいずれか一を含む、腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発を処置するための、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を抑制するための、医薬組成物。
- がん細胞を候補物質で処理し、
処理した細胞におけるTAF15 mRNAを定量し、
候補物質による処理に応答してTAF mRNAレベルが低下した場合に、その候補物質を選択する、腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発を処置するための、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現を抑制するための物質のスクリーニング方法。 - 物質が、分子標的薬である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 物質が、TAF15遺伝子またはその産物に結合性の、アンチセンス分子、siRNA、およびTAF15遺伝子またはその産物に対する抗体からなる群より選択されるいずれか一である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 対象から得られた試料中のTAF15遺伝子またはその産物を分析することを含む、薬物が投与された対象における腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現の予測を補助する方法であって、
TAF15遺伝子またはその産物を分析することが、TAF15 mRNAの量を測定することであり、
薬物の投与に応答してTAF mRNAレベルが低下した場合に、腫瘍の化学療法後もしくは切除後の再発、または抗腫瘍薬に対する耐性を示す細胞の出現が抑制されると予測する、方法。
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