JP6607938B2 - 圧力調整型冷凍アブレーションシステム及び関連方法 - Google Patents
圧力調整型冷凍アブレーションシステム及び関連方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B2018/00041—Heating, e.g. defrosting
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
- A61B2018/0212—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques using an instrument inserted into a body lumen, e.g. catheter
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
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Description
本発明の説明、目的及び利点は、添付図面と共に、後に続く詳細な説明から明らかとなるであろう。
寒剤相図及び近臨界点
本出願は、相図を使用して各種の熱力学的過程を例示し、比較する。例示的な相図を図1に示す。本図の各軸は、圧力P及び温度Tに対応しており、液体と気体が共存する全ての(P、T)点の軌跡を描く相線102を含む。相線102の左側の(P、T)値の場合、寒剤は、液体状態にあり、通常は圧力をより高くし、かつ温度をより低くすることによって得られる。これに対し、相線102の右側の(P、T)値は、寒剤が気体状態にある領域を定めており、通常は圧力をより低くし、かつ温度をより高くすることによって得られる。相線102は、臨界点104として知られる一点で突然終わる。窒素N2の場合、この臨界点は、Pc=3.396MPa及びTc=−147.15℃の所にある。
図2は、一実施形態における極低温システムの構造配置の概略図を記載したものであり、図3は、図2のシステムを動作させたときに寒剤がとる熱力学的経路を示す相図を記載したものである。これら2つの図面における丸付きの数値識別子は、図2において物理的位置を示すように対応する。ここでは、熱力学的経路に沿って識別される動作点が得られる。従って、以下の説明では、冷却流の物理的かつ熱力学的な態様を説明する際に、場合によっては図2の構造図と図3の相図との両方を同時に参照することがある。
極低温生成器246を使用して、その出口において寒剤の臨界点圧力Pcを超える圧力で寒剤を供給する。この出口は、図2及び3においてラベル(1)(原文では丸付き数字で表示)によって参照される。冷却サイクルは、一般に、Pcを上回るか、僅かに下回る圧力を有する相図中の任意の点で開始してもよい。但し、圧力が臨界点圧力Pcに近いことは有利である。本明細書で説明される過程の冷却効率は、一般に、初期圧力が臨界点圧力Pcに近いときにより大きくなる。その結果、圧力がより高くなると、所望の流れを実現するためのエネルギーの必要量が増加する場合がある。従って、実施形態は、場合によっては、種々のより高い上側境界圧力を採用し得るが、一般に、Pcの0.8倍から1.2倍の間、更に一実施形態においてはPcの約0.85倍等の臨界点近傍で始まる。
近臨界流体冷凍アブレーションシステム、それらの構成要素及び各種配置の例は、Peter J.Littrup et al.によって2004年1月14日に出願され、「CRYOTHERAPY PROBE」と題する、2008年8月12日に米国特許第7,410,484号として発行された米国特許出願第10/757,768号;Peter J.Littrup et al.によって2004年1月14日に出願され、「CRYOTHERAPY SYSTEM」と題する、2006年8月1日に米国特許第7,083,612号として発行された米国特許出願第10/757,769号;Peter J.Littrup et al.によって2004年9月27日に出願され、「METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CRYOGENIC COOLING」と題する、2007年9月25日に米国特許第7,273,479号として発行された米国特許出願第10/952,531号、及びLittrup et al.に対する米国特許第8,387,402号に記載されており、これらの全ては、あらゆる目的のためにその全体が参照によって援用される。
図5は、本発明の別の実施形態を例示するフロー図500である。
工程510には、臨界圧力及び臨界温度にて、またはその近傍で寒剤を生成することが記載されている。工程510は、例えば、図2〜3に関して上述したように実施されてもよい。
工程522には、カテーテルの温度が閾値未満であるかどうかを決定することが記載されている。温度測定を、治療区域の端部に、または輸送チャネル内に、あるいは流路に沿って配置された熱電対を用いて実行して、装置自体、寒剤及び/または組織の温度を測定するようにしてもよい。実際、複数の温度センサを、先端、治療区域、入口流路、戻り流路の全体にわたって、好ましくは寒剤と直接接触するように配置して、リアルタイム温度、温度の時間変化、及び供給寒剤と送出寒剤との温度差の正確な測定が得られるようにしてもよい。
温度が閾値未満である場合、工程524によって示したように、圧力を事前設定値にまで減少させる。実施形態においては、冷却すべき標的組織に隣接して冷凍装置の治療区域を配置し、温度が閾値未満であることを確認した後、装置先端または組織が目標温度に一旦到達したら、圧力を、第1の相対的に高い(近臨界)圧力からより低い第2の圧力にまで実質的に低減させる。
更に別の実施形態において、圧力は、図9Dに示すように連続的な割合で減少してもよい。図9Dは直線的なプロファイルを示しているものの、このプロファイルは、曲線状であってもよく、または低い治療圧力Ptに向かって傾斜してもよい。
本発明の冷凍アブレーション装置は、多種多様な構成を有してもよい。例えば、本発明の一実施形態は、図10Aに示した可撓性カテーテル400である。カテーテル400は、流体源(図示せず)に流体連通されるように構成され、近位に配置されたハウジングまたはコネクタ410を備える。
図11は、カートまたはコンソール960、及び可撓性伸長管910を介してコンソールに着脱可能に接続された冷凍アブレーションカテーテル900を備えた冷凍アブレーションシステム950を示す。冷凍アブレーションカテーテル900は、図12に関連して以下でより詳細に説明するが、組織から熱を取り除くために1つ以上の流体輸送管を搭載している。
本明細書で説明したシステム及び方法は、例えば、腫瘍学及び心血管用途を含む多種多様な医療用途において使用されてもよい。冷凍エネルギーによって切除すべき候補腫瘍には、胸郭及び上下部消化管の標的組織及び標的腫瘍が含まれる。本明細書で説明した器具は、頭頸部の標的組織を破壊または縮小するために適用されてもよい。
Claims (17)
- 標的組織を冷却するための冷凍アブレーションシステムであって、
あるモル体積の気体及びあるモル体積の液体を有する極低温流体を供給可能な寒剤流体源と、
前記極低温流体を冷却するための冷却器と、
前記冷凍アブレーションシステムを通じた前記極低温流体の流れを制御するように動作可能なコントローラであって、前記コントローラは、第1の流体圧力から前記第1の流体圧力より低い第2の流体圧力に圧力を調整し、前記第1の流体圧力は、前記気体のモル体積と前記液体のモル体積とが実質的に等しくなるような前記極低温流体の近臨界圧力にあり、前記第2の流体圧力は前記極低温流体の前記近臨界圧力を下回る、前記コントローラとを備え、
前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調整することは、前記極低温流体中の前記気体のモル体積を増加させずに実施され、それによってベーパーロックを回避することであり、かつ、前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調整することは、標的組織に対応する測定温度が閾温度に到達した後、実行される、前記冷凍アブレーションシステム。 - 高圧弁及び低圧弁を更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記高圧弁から前記低圧弁に流体経路を切り替えるように動作し、それにより、前記冷凍アブレーションシステムを通じて輸送されている前記流体の前記圧力を前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に減少させる、請求項1に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記寒剤流体源と流体連通する圧力調整器を更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記圧力調整器を制御して前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調節するように動作する、請求項1に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記寒剤流体源と流体連通するピストンを更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記ピストンを制御して前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調節するように動作する、請求項1に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記極低温流体は、前記極低温流体の臨界温度近傍の温度にまで冷却される、請求項1に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記極低温流体は窒素である、請求項1に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記閾温度は、−100℃以下である、請求項1に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- あるモル体積の気体及びあるモル体積の液体を有する極低温流体を供給可能な寒剤生成器と、
前記極低温流体を冷却するための冷却器と、
遠位治療区域を含む医療器具と、
病変を作成するために前記遠位治療区域から発揮される冷却力を制御するように動作可能なコントローラであって、前記コントローラは、第1の流体圧力から前記第1の流体圧力より低い第2の流体圧力に圧力を調整し、前記第1の流体圧力は、前記気体のモル体積と前記液体のモル体積とが実質的に等しくなるような前記極低温流体の近臨界圧力にあり、前記第2の流体圧力は前記極低温流体の前記近臨界圧力を下回る、前記コントローラとを備え、
前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調整することは、前記極低温流体中の前記気体のモル体積を増加させずに実施され、それにより、前記医療器具の冷却に関わるベーパーロックを回避するとともに、前記コントローラは、閾温度に到達した極低温流体の測定温度に基づいて、前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調整する、冷凍アブレーションシステム。 - 前記医療器具はカテーテルである、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記医療器具の前記遠位治療区域は温度センサを含む、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記温度センサからの測定温度に基づいて前記圧力を調整する、請求項10に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記測定温度が−100℃以下に到達したときに前記第1の流体圧力を前記第2の流体圧力に変化させるように動作する、請求項11に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 高圧弁及び低圧弁を更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記高圧弁から前記低圧弁に流体経路を切り替えるように動作し、それにより、前記医療器具の前記遠位治療区域を通じて輸送されている前記流体の前記圧力を前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に減少させる、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記寒剤生成器と流体連通する圧力調整器を更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記圧力調整器を制御して前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調節するように動作する、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記寒剤生成器と流体連通するピストンを更に備え、前記コントローラは、前記ピストンを制御して前記第1の流体圧力から前記第2の流体圧力に前記圧力を調節するように動作する、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記極低温流体は窒素である、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
- 前記測定温度を得るために前記極低温流体の戻り流路に沿って温度センサを更に備える、請求項8に記載の冷凍アブレーションシステム。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201462079299P | 2014-11-13 | 2014-11-13 | |
| US62/079,299 | 2014-11-13 | ||
| PCT/US2015/056780 WO2016077045A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 | 2015-10-21 | Pressure modulated cryoablation system and related methods |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2017534396A JP2017534396A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
| JP6607938B2 true JP6607938B2 (ja) | 2019-11-20 |
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| KR101994471B1 (ko) | 2019-06-28 |
| EP3217903A1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
| CA2965314A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
| EP3217903B1 (en) | 2025-01-15 |
| BR112017009586B1 (pt) | 2022-09-20 |
| AU2015347201B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
| US20160135864A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
| EP3217903A4 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
| US10543032B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
| CA2965314C (en) | 2021-07-06 |
| CN107205766A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| WO2016077045A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
| BR112017009586A2 (pt) | 2018-04-03 |
| IL251824A0 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
| JP2017534396A (ja) | 2017-11-24 |
| IL251824B (en) | 2021-01-31 |
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