JP6624451B2 - Waste treatment furnace equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a waste treatment furnace apparatus that measures the moisture content as the property of waste and incinerates or gasifies the waste according to the measured value.

  In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the recovery of thermal energy generated by incineration or gasification of waste in treatment furnaces such as waste incinerators and gasification furnaces, and boiler power generation equipment driven by this thermal energy has been installed. The number of waste treatment furnaces has increased, and there is a demand for incineration or gasification operation capable of realizing high-efficiency heat recovery. On the other hand, as regulations on environmental pollutants released into the atmosphere from waste treatment furnaces become more stringent, incineration or gasification operations that reduce emissions of combustion-derived harmful substances such as dioxins and nitrogen oxides are also required. I have.

  As described above, since advanced combustion operation control is desired for the waste treatment furnace, operation control that satisfies the above requirements is performed by an automatic combustion control device. In the automatic combustion control device, when the processing furnace is, for example, a stoker-type incinerator, the amount of generated steam is controlled by controlling the manipulated variables such as dust supply speed, combustion grate feed speed, combustion air amount, and cooling air amount. For the purpose of stabilizing, reducing the concentration of dioxins and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas, and reducing unburned components in ash, it is operated to stably burn waste. However, such combustion control does not monitor the properties of the waste at the time of the input of the waste, and in each case, the combustion gas temperature, the oxygen concentration in the combustion gas, and the carbon monoxide in the combustion gas generated as a result of combustion. This method detects concentration as a monitoring factor and feeds it back to the control value of each manipulated variable.Therefore, it is a follow-up type control, and stable operation control is always necessary when the properties of waste to be fed into the processing furnace fluctuate. May not be achieved.

  A major factor that disturbs the stability of the incineration or gasification operation of the waste treatment furnace is that the amount of heat generated by the waste varies because the properties of the waste input are not constant. The properties of the waste fed into the processing furnace vary greatly depending on the area where the waste is collected, the time at which the waste is collected, the weather, and the season, so that the calorific value of the waste greatly varies. Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes a method of controlling a waste treatment furnace in which the properties of the waste to be input are obtained before the input and the operation control is performed based on the obtained properties of the waste. Among the properties of the waste, a factor that largely affects the calorific value is the moisture content of the waste. According to the technology of Patent Document 1, the conveyor that supplies the waste to the waste incinerator has A weight measuring device that measures the weight, a level measuring device that measures the thickness of the waste on the conveyor, and an infrared moisture meter that measures the moisture content of the waste on the conveyor are provided. It describes that a moisture content as a property is estimated and operation control is performed according to the property. Further, in Patent Document 2, a capacitance meter is arranged as a moisture content meter on a chute hanging from an inlet of a waste treatment furnace toward a combustion chamber, and the capacitance of the waste between a pair of electrodes is measured. In this way, the moisture content of the waste is obtained.

  The infrared moisture meter irradiates an infrared ray to an object to be measured and detects reflection of the infrared ray from the object to obtain a moisture content. Moisture has the property of absorbing a specific wavelength of near-infrared light. If the amount of water contained in the measurement object increases, the absorbed infrared energy increases and the reflected infrared energy decreases. The infrared moisture meter measures the moisture content of the measurement object by applying such a phenomenon.

  The capacitance meter is connected to a moisture content calculator that has a correspondence relationship between the value of the capacitance and the value of the moisture content, and the above-described correspondence relationship is obtained from the measurement value measured by the capacitance meter. Moisture percentage can be calculated based on this.

JP-A-2000-283444 JP 2010-216990 A

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, the weight, level (height), and moisture content of waste on a conveyor are measured to estimate the properties of the waste. However, this technique has a problem that only the moisture content of the surface layer of the waste can be measured because the infrared moisture meter is used to measure the reflection of infrared rays from the surface layer of the waste. Therefore, if the moisture content of the waste below the surface layer is different from that of the surface layer, a problem occurs.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the moisture of the waste in the chute is measured by a capacitance meter. However, when the type and bulk density of the waste to be introduced into the furnace vary greatly, the moisture content May not be able to measure accurately. As a result, it is not possible to accurately grasp the calorific value of the waste, and it is not possible to sufficiently change and adjust the operating conditions of the waste treatment furnace with respect to the fluctuation of the calorific value, so that the waste treatment furnace cannot be operated stably. Problems arise.

  In view of such circumstances, the present invention accurately measures the moisture content of the waste and accurately grasps the calorific value, even if the type or bulk density of the waste charged and supplied to the waste treatment furnace fluctuates, An object of the present invention is to provide a waste treatment furnace apparatus that facilitates control of operating conditions of the waste treatment furnace corresponding to the moisture content and the calorific value of the waste.

  According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object is attained by the waste treatment furnace apparatus of the first invention or the second invention configured as follows.

<First invention>
A detection element of a measuring instrument that measures the characteristic value of the waste that has a correlation with the moisture content of the waste is provided in a chute that extends downward from the waste input port of the waste treatment furnace that incinerates or gasifies the waste. In waste treatment furnace equipment,
In addition to the characteristic value measurement meter, comprising a moisture content calculation device that calculates the moisture content of the waste based on the measurement value of the characteristic value by the measurement device,
As for the characteristic value measuring instruments, two of the three measuring instruments of the capacitance measuring instrument, the microwave intensity measuring instrument, and the infrared intensity measuring instrument are selected and arranged, and the characteristic values of these measuring instruments are selected. The measured value of is to be sent to the moisture content calculating device,
Waste treatment furnace apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

  In the present invention, as a capacitance meter, a contact capacitance meter, a transmission capacitance moisture meter, and as a microwave intensity meter, a contact microwave intensity meter, a transmission microwave intensity meter Measuring instrument.

  In the present invention, the moisture content is calculated by selecting and adopting the measurement values (capacitance value, microwave intensity, infrared intensity) of the measuring device having preferable characteristic values depending on the type of waste. For example, waste with relatively high moisture regains capacitance, microwave intensities for waste with a lot of plastic garbage, and capacitance for waste with a lot of garbage collected from homes, industrial and municipal wastes (household and household waste). It is preferable to select the capacitance in a mixture with (i) mainly collected garbage from).

<Second invention>
A measuring element for measuring the characteristic value of the waste that correlates with the moisture content of the waste is installed in a chute that extends downward from the waste inlet of the waste treatment furnace that incinerates or gasifies the waste. In waste treatment furnace equipment,
In addition to the characteristic value measurement meter, comprising a moisture content calculation device that calculates the moisture content of the waste based on the measurement value of the characteristic value by the measurement device,
The characteristic value measurement meter is a contact type measurement device that measures the characteristic value of the waste that is in contact with the detection element of the measurement meter, and transmits the waste existing between the detection elements of the measurement meter. A transmission type measuring device for measuring the value is provided, and the measured value of the characteristic value of these measuring devices is to be sent to the moisture content calculating device,
Waste treatment furnace apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

  In the present invention, the contact-type measuring instrument includes a contact-type capacitance measuring instrument, a contact-type microwave intensity measuring instrument, and the transmission-type measuring instrument includes a transmission-type capacitance measuring instrument and a transmission-type microwave intensity measuring instrument. Can be

  In the present invention, the moisture content is calculated based on the bulk density of the waste by using the measured values of the characteristic values of the preferred type of the meter from the contact type meter and the transmission type meter. For example, a transmission type meter is suitable for waste having a high bulk density, and a contact type meter is suitable for waste having a low bulk density. This is because waste having a low bulk density has many voids in the waste, and a transmission-type measurement device cannot accurately measure a characteristic value correlated with the moisture content.

  As described above, according to the present invention, in both the first invention and the second invention, the detection elements of the plurality of types of measurement meters are provided on the chute, and the selection of the measurement meters is determined according to the type and properties of the waste. The water content of waste can be measured accurately and the moisture content of waste can be measured accurately, and the calorific value of waste can be accurately grasped. And stable operation control can be achieved.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a grate-type waste incinerator 1 as a waste treatment furnace or the like. The present invention can be applied not only to the grate type but also to other types of waste incinerators, and not limited to the waste incinerator, but also to a waste gasification and melting furnace. Both of the waste gasification and melting furnaces are collectively referred to as a waste treatment furnace.

  The waste incinerator 1 receives combustion air from a plurality of air supply systems 12 connected below the grate 11, and a combustion chamber 13 formed above the grate 11 forms a combustion chamber 13 on the grate 11. Waste P is incinerated. The grate 11 sends the waste P at a feed speed toward the right. At a position above the left end of the grate 11, a dust supply device 14, for example, a pusher is provided so as to send out dust onto the grate 11. A chute 15 extends upward above the dust supply device 14, and a hopper 16 is provided at an upper end thereof as an input port.

  The amount of air blown in the air supply system 12, the feed speed of the grate 11, and the feed speed of the dust supply device 14 are variable.

  In the present embodiment, a capacitance measuring instrument 20A for measuring the capacitance of the waste P in the chute 15 and a microwave intensity measuring instrument 20B for measuring the microwave intensity are provided. The capacitance measuring instrument 20A has a detecting element 20A1 (for example, an electrode for measuring the capacitance), and the microwave intensity measuring instrument 20B has a microwave intensity detecting element 20B1, and each of the detecting elements 20A1 has a detecting element 20B1. The elements 20A1 and 20B1 are attached to the inner surface of the side wall of the chute 15. Thus, the capacitance meter 20A and the microwave intensity meter 20B measure the capacitance and the microwave intensity of the waste P present near the detection elements 20A1 and 20B1 in the chute 15.

  The capacitance meter 20A and the microwave intensity meter 20B are connected to a moisture content calculator 21. The moisture content calculator 21 determines the capacitance from the relationship between the value of the capacitance of the waste and the value of the moisture ratio and the relationship between the value of the microwave intensity and the value of the moisture ratio, which are stored in advance. The value of the corresponding moisture percentage can be calculated from the values of the capacitance and the microwave intensity measured by the total 20A and the microwave intensity measuring meter 20B. Specifically, the moisture content calculator 21 preliminarily measures the relationship between the value of the capacitance of waste and the value of the moisture content, and the relationship between the value of the microwave intensity and the value of the moisture content, and clarifies the relationship. Is stored, and the measured values of the capacitance and the microwave intensity of the waste P sent from the capacitance meter 20A and the microwave intensity meter 20B are stored in the capacitance database in the relation database. Then, the moisture content of the waste is calculated by checking the relationship between the microwave intensity and the moisture content.

  In the present embodiment, the water content of the waste calculated from the capacitance measurement value of the waste measured by the capacitance measurement device 20A and the microwave intensity measurement value of the waste measured by the microwave intensity measurement device 20B One of the two moisture rates of the calculated waste moisture rate is selected, the calorific value is calculated, and the operation control of the incinerator is performed.The choice depends on the type and properties of the waste. It is determined as appropriate. For example, wastes with relatively high moisture content are of the capacitive type, wastes with a lot of plastic garbage are of the microwave type, and wastes with a large amount of garbage collected from the home are of the capacitive type, industrial waste and so on. For a mixture with general waste (mainly garbage collected from households), a capacitance type may be selected.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the capacitance meter and the micro-intensity meter are provided, but two of the three meters of the capacitance meter, the microwave intensity meter, and the infrared intensity meter are measured. A total may be selected and provided.

  In addition, instead of providing the above-described capacitance measuring instrument and micro-strength measuring instrument, using a contact-type measuring instrument or a permeation-type measuring instrument, depending on the property of the waste, the moisture content can be determined using one of the measured values. Can be calculated. In that case, the contact-type measuring instrument includes a contact-type capacitance measuring instrument and a contact-type microwave intensity measuring instrument, and the transmission-type measuring instrument includes a transmission-type capacitance measuring instrument and a transmission-type microwave intensity measuring instrument. . In addition, it is preferable that the moisture content is calculated by adopting a measurement value (contact type or transmission type) of a preferred type of measuring instrument depending on the bulk density of the waste. For example, a transmission type meter is suitable for waste having a high bulk density, and a contact type meter is suitable for waste having a low bulk density. This is because waste having a low bulk density has many voids in the waste, and the transmission type measurement device cannot accurately measure the characteristic value.

  The moisture content calculator 21 is connected to a control device 22, and the control device 22 previously holds the waste P in the chute 15 from the moisture content value received from the moisture content calculator 21. Based on the control relationship, the air supply system 12 and the grate 11 are estimated based on the control flow held in advance so as to accurately estimate the calorific value of the waste and to stably incinerate the waste accordingly. A command signal is sent to the dust supply device 14 to control each operation amount such as the air blowing amount in the air supply system 12, the feed speed of the grate 11, the delivery speed of the dust supply device 14, and the like.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, each manipulated variable is controlled based on the moisture content calculated for the waste P in the chute 15, that is, the waste P immediately before being sent to the combustion chamber 13. Therefore, the operating conditions of the waste incinerator can be optimally controlled.

  The waste P supplied to the waste incinerator 1 is processed in the following manner.

  The waste P is put into the hopper 16. The waste P is pushed out onto the grate 11 by a dust supply device 14 (pusher) installed below the chute 15. The waste P on the grate 11 is burned by the combustion air blown from the air supply system 12 below the grate 11.

  A detection element 20A1 is provided on the inner surface of the side wall of the chute 15 that is provided hanging from the hopper 16, and the capacitance of the waste P near the detection element 20A1 is measured by the capacitance measurement meter 20A. The moisture content calculator 21 calculates the moisture content based on the measured capacitance value. A detection element 20B1 is provided on the inner surface of the side wall of the chute 15, and the microwave intensity of the waste P near the detection element 20B1 is measured by the microwave intensity meter 20B. The moisture content calculator 21 calculates the moisture content based on the measured microwave intensity. In the moisture content calculator 21, one of the moisture content based on the calculated capacitance measurement value and the moisture content based on the microwave intensity measurement value is selected according to the type or property of the waste, and the moisture content is calculated as an appropriate moisture content value. , To the control device 22.

The control device 22 estimates an accurate calorific value of the waste from the value of the moisture content sent from the moisture content calculator 21 based on the correspondence relationship held in advance, and holds the heat value in advance accordingly. Based on the control flow, a command signal is issued to perform stable waste incineration.
As a result of this command signal, the manipulated variables such as the feed speed of the dust supply device 14, the feed speed of the grate 11 and the amount of combustion air blown from the air supply system 12 below the grate 11 are adjusted. The combustion state of the object is controlled.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waste incinerator 20A Capacitance meter 20B Microwave intensity meter 20A1, 20B1 Detecting element 21 Moisture calculation device

Claims (2)

A measuring element for measuring the characteristic value of the waste that correlates with the moisture content of the waste is installed in a chute that extends downward from the waste inlet of the waste treatment furnace that incinerates or gasifies the waste. In waste treatment furnace equipment,
A moisture content calculating device that calculates the moisture content of the waste based on the measured value of the property value by the measuring device ,
A control device for controlling the operation amount of the waste treatment furnace based on the moisture content of the waste ,
Meter characteristic values, the capacitance meter, a microwave intensity meter, are arranged two meter is selected among the three meter different types of infrared intensity meter, these two The measured value of the characteristic value of the measuring meter is sent to the above-described moisture content calculating device , the moisture content is calculated from each of the two measured values, and one of the two moisture content is sent to the control device .
Waste treatment furnace apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. A measuring element for measuring the characteristic value of the waste that correlates with the moisture content of the waste is installed in a chute that extends downward from the waste inlet of the waste treatment furnace that incinerates or gasifies the waste. In waste treatment furnace equipment,
In addition to the meter characteristic value, and water content calculated equipment to calculate the moisture content of the waste based on the measured value of the characteristic value by the meter,
A control device for controlling the operation amount of the waste treatment furnace based on the moisture content of the waste ,
The characteristic value measurement meter is a contact type measurement device that measures the characteristic value of the waste that is in contact with the detection element of the measurement meter, and transmits the waste existing between the detection elements of the measurement meter. A transmission type measuring device for measuring the value is provided, and the measured value from one of the measured values of the characteristic values of these two measured values is sent to the above-mentioned moisture content calculating device , and the two measured values are measured. Calculate the moisture percentage for each from the value, and send one of the two moisture percentages to the control device ,
Waste treatment furnace apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

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