JP6637064B2 - Axial turbine - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments of the present invention relate to an axial turbine.

  From the viewpoint of improving turbine efficiency, the temperature of the working fluid at the inlet of the axial flow turbine has been increased. For example, in an axial turbine in which the temperature of a working fluid to be introduced is 630 ° C. or higher, or in an axial turbine in which the temperature of a working fluid to be exhausted is 630 ° C. or higher, a casing or the like exposed to the high-temperature working fluid is not operated. It is made of a high-strength material such as a Ni-based alloy that can withstand the temperature of fluid.

  Some conventional axial-flow turbines are configured such that an outer casing covers an exhaust chamber. In such a configuration, the entire outer casing needs to be made of a high-strength material. However, it is difficult to produce large-sized castings such as outer casings with high-strength materials. Further, even if a large cast product can be manufactured from a high-strength material, it is difficult to maintain quality.

  Therefore, a double casing structure is adopted in which the periphery around which the high-temperature working fluid flows is covered with an inner casing, and the periphery of the inner casing is covered with an outer casing. The inner casing is made of a high-strength material, and the outer casing is made of a conventional material such as a high Cr steel or a low Cr steel.

  In the axial flow turbine having such a double casing structure, the inner casing is heated by heat transfer from the working fluid flowing inside. Then, the temperature of the inner casing rises to near the temperature of the working fluid flowing inside. The outer casing is heated by heat radiation from the inner casing, which has become hot, and the temperature rises.

  If the temperature of the outer casing exceeds the allowable temperature of the material, the strength required for the outer casing cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the outer casing at or below the allowable temperature. Therefore, as a conventional cooling technique for an axial turbine, a technique for cooling a casing or the like after the operation is stopped has been studied.

JP 2000-328904 A

  As described above, in the conventional axial flow turbine, the casing and the like are cooled after the operation is stopped. Therefore, it may be difficult to maintain the temperature of the outer casing at or below the allowable temperature during operation of the axial turbine.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an axial turbine that can reliably cool the outer casing during and after operation.

  The axial flow turbine of the embodiment includes an outer casing, an inner casing provided inside the outer casing, a turbine rotor penetrating the inner casing, a moving blade implanted in the turbine rotor, The rotor includes stationary blades supported by a support member provided inside the inner casing and alternately arranged in the turbine rotor axial direction.

Further, the axial flow turbine is connected to the first inlet pipe for introducing a cooling medium between the outer casing and the inner casing during operation of the axial flow turbine, and is connected to the first inlet pipe. a second inlet pipe medium is introduced, wherein the first supply source for supplying the cooling medium to the inlet pipe are separate bodies, during the operation stop of the axial turbine, said the second inlet pipe A first auxiliary source for supplying a cooling medium.

It is a figure showing typically the system of the cooling medium in the axial flow turbine of the 1st embodiment concerning the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the axial turbine according to the first embodiment of the present invention when viewed from a downstream side. It is a figure showing the meridional section of the axial flow turbine of a 1st embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a vertical cross section of a pipe-shaped portion of an outer casing and a discharge pipe in the axial flow turbine according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of an AA cross section in FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a BB cross section of FIG. 3. It is a figure showing typically the system of the cooling medium in the axial flow turbine of the 2nd embodiment concerning the present invention. It is a figure showing the meridional section of the axial flow turbine of a 2nd embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(First Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a system of a cooling medium in an axial turbine 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The axial turbine 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes, for example, a gas turbine and a CO ₂ turbine. In a CO ₂ turbine, a part of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) generated in a combustor is pressurized to a supercritical fluid and circulated through a system of a working fluid. The temperature of the working fluid discharged from these axial turbines 10 exceeds 630 ° C., for example.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the axial turbine 10 includes an outer casing 20 and an inner casing 30 inside the outer casing 20. Here, the inner casing 30 constitutes, for example, the inner casings 30a and 30b surrounding the turbine stage having the stationary blade and the moving blade, and a part of the exhaust chamber into which the working fluid that has passed through the last stage turbine stage flows. An inner casing 30c is provided.

  The axial turbine 10 includes, for example, an introduction pipe 50 that introduces a cooling medium between the inner casing 30 c that becomes hot and the outer casing 20. The introduction pipe 50 is connected to, for example, the outer casing 20. A cooling medium is supplied to the introduction pipe 50 from a supply source (not shown). The internal casings 30a and 30b do not become hot because, for example, a cooling medium for cooling the stationary vanes flows inside.

In the case of a gas turbine, examples of the cooling medium introduced into the introduction pipe 50 include, for example, air extracted from a compressor, and in the case of a CO ₂ turbine, for example, circulated air extracted from a system. And carbon dioxide. The bleeding is performed at a portion where a medium having a suitable temperature and pressure is obtained as a cooling medium. Thus, the medium extracted from the main system of the axial flow turbine 10 is supplied to the introduction pipe 50 as a cooling medium, for example.

  The introduction pipe 51 is connected to the introduction pipe 50. The introduction pipe 51 is connected to a supply source 52 that supplies a cooling medium. The supply source 52 is a separate supply source from the supply source that supplies the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 50. This supply source 52 is a system different from the main system of the axial flow turbine 10. Therefore, the supply source 52 can supply the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 51 even when the operation of the main system in the axial turbine 10 is stopped, for example. This supply source 52 has a function as an auxiliary supply source.

The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 52 includes air and the like in the case of a gas turbine, and carbon dioxide and the like in the case of a CO ₂ turbine. The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 52 is, similarly to the cooling medium introduced into the introduction pipe 50, a medium having a temperature and a pressure suitable as the cooling medium. The introduction pipe 50 functions as a first introduction pipe, and the introduction pipe 51 functions as a second introduction pipe. The supply source 52 functions as a first supply source.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a flow regulating valve 54 is provided on the introduction pipe 50 downstream of the connecting portion 53 where the introduction pipe 51 is connected to the introduction pipe 50. That is, the flow control valve 54 is provided between the connecting portion 53 and the outer casing 20.

  The flow adjustment valve 54 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium introduced between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30c via the introduction pipe 50. In other words, the flow regulating valve 54 regulates the pressure of the cooling medium introduced between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30c. For example, the flow control valve 54 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium to an optimum flow rate based on the temperature of the outer casing 20 when the axial turbine 10 is started, operated, or stopped. The flow control valve 54 functions as a flow control device.

  The cooling medium introduced between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30c from the introduction pipe 50 is discharged through the discharge pipe 55 as shown in FIG. The discharge pipe 55 is connected to, for example, the outer casing 20. Note that the discharge pipe 55 functions as a first discharge pipe.

  As described above, the outer casing cooling system that mainly cools the outer casing 20 is configured by the introduction pipes 50 and 51, the supply source 52, the space between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30c, the discharge pipe 55, and the like.

  In addition, the axial turbine 10 includes a discharge pipe 60 that is welded to the outer casing 20 and through which the working fluid discharged from the axial turbine 10 flows. Here, the lower half of the outer casing 20 on the downstream side has, for example, a tube-shaped portion 20a extending downward to discharge the working fluid. One or a plurality of the tubular portions 20a are provided. For example, the discharge pipe 60 is welded to the pipe-shaped portion 20a of the outer casing 20.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view of the axial turbine 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention when viewed from a downstream side. In the present embodiment, a configuration including two tube-shaped portions 20a is exemplified. In FIG. 1, one tube-shaped portion 20a appears, and the other tube-shaped portion 20a is invisible.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the two tubular portions 20 a are bifurcated so as to sandwich the lowermost portion of the outer casing 20. And each pipe-shaped part 20a is extended downward. A discharge pipe 60 is welded to these pipe-shaped portions 20a.

  The internal configuration of the tubular portion 20a of the outer casing 20 and the inside of the discharge pipe 60 will be described later. The discharge pipe 60 functions as a working fluid discharge pipe.

  For example, an introduction pipe 70 for introducing a cooling medium that cools the joint 61 between the pipe-shaped part 20a and the discharge pipe 60 from the inside is connected to the pipe-shaped part 20a of the outer casing 20. Although not shown in FIG. 1, an introduction pipe 70 branched on the downstream side of a flow rate adjustment valve 74 described later is also connected to the other pipe-shaped portion 20 a. For example, a medium extracted from the turbine stage of the axial flow turbine 10 is supplied to the introduction pipe 70 as a cooling medium.

  Here, as the supply source for supplying the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 70, bleed air from the turbine stage of the axial flow turbine 10 is illustrated, but the supply source is not limited to this. The cooling medium to be supplied to the introduction pipe 70 may be any medium whose temperature and pressure are suitable as the cooling medium. Thus, the medium extracted from any part of the main system in the axial flow turbine 10 is supplied to the introduction pipe 70 as a cooling medium, for example.

  The introduction pipe 71 is connected to the introduction pipe 70. The introduction pipe 71 is connected to a supply source 72 that supplies a cooling medium. The supply source 72 is a separate supply source from the supply source that supplies the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 70. The supply source 72 is a system different from the main system of the axial turbine 10. Therefore, the supply source 72 can supply the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 71 even when the operation of the main system in the axial turbine 10 is stopped, for example. This supply source 72 has a function as an auxiliary supply source.

  The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 72 is the same as the cooling medium in the supply source 52 described above. Note that the introduction pipe 70 functions as a third introduction pipe, and the introduction pipe 71 functions as a fourth introduction pipe. The supply source 72 functions as a second supply source.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a flow regulating valve 74 is provided on the introduction pipe 70 downstream of the connecting portion 73 where the introduction pipe 71 is connected to the introduction pipe 70. That is, the flow regulating valve 74 is provided between the connecting portion 73 and the tubular portion 20 a of the outer casing 20.

  The flow regulating valve 74 regulates the flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the inside of the joint 61 via the introduction pipe 70. In other words, the pressure of the cooling medium introduced into the inside of the tube-shaped portion 20a and the discharge tube 60 is adjusted. For example, the flow control valve 74 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium to an optimum flow rate based on the temperature of the joint 61 when the axial turbine 10 is started, operated, or stopped. The flow control valve 74 functions as a flow control device.

  The cooling medium introduced from the introduction pipe 70 into the inside of the pipe-shaped portion 20a and the discharge pipe 60 is discharged through the discharge pipe 75 as shown in FIG. The discharge pipe 75 is connected to, for example, the discharge pipe 60. As shown in FIG. 2, the other discharge pipe 75 is also connected to the other discharge pipe 60. Note that the discharge pipe 75 functions as a second discharge pipe.

  As described above, the joint cooling system that cools the joint 61 is configured by the introduction pipes 70 and 71, the supply source 72, the space inside the pipe-shaped portion 20a and the discharge pipe 60, the discharge pipe 75, and the like.

  Here, an example is shown in which the introduction pipe 70 is connected to the pipe-shaped portion 20a and the discharge pipe 75 is connected to the discharge pipe 60, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the discharge pipe 75 may be connected to the pipe-shaped portion 20a, and the introduction pipe 70 may be connected to the discharge pipe 60. The combination of these connections will be described later.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the downstream end of the discharge pipe 55 and the downstream end of the discharge pipe 75 are connected to form one discharge pipe 76. The discharge pipe 76 is provided with a flow control valve 77. With this configuration, the pressure of the cooling medium that cools the outer casing 20 and the pressure of the cooling medium that cools the joint 61 can be made equal.

  The flow rate of the cooling medium that cools the joint 61 is adjusted mainly by the flow rate adjusting valve 74, and the flow rate adjusting valve 77 is mainly used to adjust the pressure. Note that the discharge pipe 76 functions as a third discharge pipe. In addition, the flow control valve 77 functions as a flow control device.

  Here, an example is shown in which the downstream end of the discharge pipe 55 and the downstream end of the discharge pipe 75 are connected, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, the downstream end of the discharge pipe 55 and the downstream end of the discharge pipe 75 may not be connected, and each pipe may be maintained. In this case, each of the discharge pipe 55 and the discharge pipe 75 is provided with a flow control valve.

  As described above, by providing the casing cooling system and the joint cooling system, each system can be controlled independently.

  The above-mentioned flow control valves 54, 74, 77 are constituted by, for example, valve valves. Also, a throttle such as an orifice may be used in place of the flow control valves 54, 74, 77.

  Next, the configuration of the axial turbine 10 according to the first embodiment including the above-described cooling medium system will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a meridional section of the axial flow turbine 10 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a view showing a vertical cross section of the tubular portion 20 a of the outer casing 20 and the discharge pipe 60 in the axial flow turbine 10 according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the axial turbine 10 includes a double-structure casing including an outer casing 20 and an inner casing 30 provided inside the outer casing 20.

  As described above, the inner casing 30 includes, for example, the inner casings 30a and 30b surrounding the turbine stage including the stationary blades 42 and the moving blades 40, and the exhaust chamber 80 into which the working fluid that has passed through the final stage turbine stage flows. An inner casing 30c that forms a part is provided.

  Here, the outer casing 20 is made of a conventional material such as a high Cr steel or a low Cr steel. The inner casings 30a and 30b are made of, for example, a conventional material such as a high Cr steel or a low Cr steel, for example, because a cooling medium for cooling the stationary vanes flows through the inside. On the other hand, the internal casing 30c which becomes high temperature is made of, for example, a high-strength material.

  In the inner casing 30, a turbine rotor 41 in which a moving blade 40 is implanted is provided. The turbine rotor 41 is rotatably supported by a rotor bearing (not shown).

  On the inner surfaces of the inner casings 30a and 30b, stationary blades 42 are arranged so as to alternate with the moving blades 40 in the turbine rotor axial direction. The turbine blade is constituted by the stationary blade 42 and the moving blade 40 immediately downstream of the stationary blade 42.

  The outer peripheral surface of the inner casing 30b adjacent to the inner casing 30c is provided with, for example, an annular wall 30d protruding radially outward in the circumferential direction. The outer peripheral surface of the annular wall 30 d is in contact with, for example, the inner periphery of the outer casing 20. A space formed between the inner casing 30 and the outer casing 20 is defined by the annular wall 30d. Therefore, the space 32 on the upstream side of the annular wall 30d and the space 31 on the downstream side of the annular wall 30d do not communicate with each other.

  The space 31 is a space surrounded by the outer casing 20, the inner casing 30c, the inner casing 30b, the annular wall 30d, and the turbine rotor 41. The space 32 is a space surrounded by the outer casing 20, the inner casing 30a, the inner casing 30b, and the annular wall 30d.

  A seal portion 43 is provided between the turbine rotor 41 and the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30a to prevent the working fluid from leaking to the outside.

  An exhaust chamber 80 is provided downstream of the last turbine stage. The exhaust chamber 80 includes an annular inner casing 30c through which the working fluid that has passed through the turbine stage at the last stage flows, and a tube-shaped portion 82 provided on a lower half side of the inner casing 30c. An annular passage 81 is formed in the annular inner casing 30c.

  The annular passage 81 is formed around the turbine rotor 41 as shown in FIG. The annular passage 81 guides the working fluid that has passed through the turbine stage at the final stage to the tubular portion 82.

  The tube-shaped portion 82 is bifurcated, for example, so as to sandwich the lowermost portion of the annular passage 81. Each of the tubular portions 82 extends downward along the tubular portion 20 a inside the tubular portion 20 a of the outer casing 20. Thus, the exhaust chamber 80 is covered by the outer casing 20.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, an introduction pipe 50 for introducing a cooling medium between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30 c is connected to the lowermost part of the outer casing 20. That is, the introduction pipe 50 is connected to the lowermost part of the outer casing 20 between the pipe-shaped portions 20a.

  The introduction pipe 50 is connected to the outer casing 20 so as to be inclined from the upstream side to the downstream side, for example, as shown in FIG. Then, the cooling medium is introduced into the space 31 from the introduction pipe 50. This space 31 is a space between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30c constituting the above-described outer casing cooling system.

  Although not shown in FIG. 3, the discharge pipe 55 for discharging the cooling medium introduced into the space 31 is connected to a predetermined portion of the outer casing 20. The discharge pipe 55 may be connected to the pipe-shaped part 20a, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 4, one end of a tubular sleeve 83 is connected to the end of the tubular portion 82. The other end of the sleeve 83 extends to the inside of the discharge pipe 60. The other end of the sleeve 83 is connected to the discharge pipe 60.

  A seal ring 84 is provided between the sleeve 83 and the tubular portion 82 and between the sleeve 83 and the discharge pipe 60. A plurality of seal rings 84 are arranged in the axial direction of the sleeve 83. The provision of the sleeve 83 prevents leakage of the working fluid from between the sleeve 83 and the tubular portion 82 and between the sleeve 83 and the discharge pipe 60.

  As shown in FIG. 4, a tubular member 90 is provided inside the tube-shaped portion 20a and the discharge tube 60 and on the outer periphery of the sleeve 83. The tubular member 90 is a tubular cylinder extending in the axial direction of the sleeve 83. The tubular member 90 is provided so as to cover the inner peripheral side of the joint 61. In addition, there is a predetermined gap between the outer surface 91 of the tubular member 90 and the inner surfaces 21 and 62 of the tubular portion 20a and the discharge tube 60.

  One end of the tubular member 90 includes, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, a flange portion 92 that protrudes radially outward in the circumferential direction. The flange portion 92 is supported by, for example, the step portion 22 formed in the tube-shaped portion 20a. Then, the flange portion 92 is fixed to the step portion 22 by a fixing member such as a bolt, for example. The method of fixing the flange portion 92 is not limited to this. For example, the flange portion 92 may be welded to the step portion 22.

  On the other hand, the other end of the tubular member 90 is an unfixed end that is not fixed. The other end of the tubular member 90 is fitted into, for example, an annular groove 64 formed in the circumferential direction at the step 63 of the discharge pipe 60. Note that a slight gap is formed between the other end of the tubular member 90 and the groove 64.

  Here, the materials constituting the tube-shaped portion 20a and the discharge tube 60 are different. Therefore, the above-mentioned gap is configured in consideration of the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion of each material. Then, the difference in thermal expansion between the tube-shaped portion 20a and the discharge tube 60 is absorbed by the gap.

  The configuration of the non-fixed end of the tubular member 90 is not limited to this. The non-fixed end of the tubular member 90 may have a structure that does not receive thermal stress due to a difference in thermal expansion between the tubular portion 20a and the discharge tube 60.

  By providing the tubular member 90 in this manner, the space between the sleeve 83, the tube-shaped portion 20a, and the discharge tube 60 is defined. An annular space 94 surrounded by the outer surface 91 of the tubular member 90, the inner surfaces 21 and 62 of the tube-shaped portion 20a and the discharge tube 60, one flat surface 92a of the flange portion 92, and the step portion 63 is formed. .

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the tubular member 90 may include, for example, a protruding portion 93 that protrudes to the outer peripheral side in the circumferential direction. The protrusion 93 is formed on the outer surface 91 of the tubular member 90 over a predetermined length in the axial direction of the sleeve 83. The outer surface of the ridge portion 93 is, for example, a surface parallel to the inner surface 21 of the tubular portion 20a and the inner surface 62 of the discharge pipe 60. As shown in FIG. 4, it is preferable that the ridge 93 is formed, for example, at a position facing the joint 61.

  The gap between the outer surface of the ridge 93, the inner surface 21 of the tube-shaped portion 20a, and the inner surface 62 of the discharge tube 60 is the outer surface 91 of the tubular member 90, the inner surface 21 of the tube-shaped portion 20a, and the inner surface of the discharge tube 60. It becomes narrower than the gap between them. The ridge 93 may be formed integrally with the tubular member 90, or may be formed separately from the tubular member 90.

  The tubular portion 20a is provided with an inlet 23 for introducing a cooling medium into the annular space 94 defined by the tubular member 90 described above. The inlet 23 is formed on the flange portion 92 side of the tubular member 90. The inlet 23 is formed closer to the flange 92 than the ridge 93.

  The inlet 23 may be opened, for example, in a direction toward the central axis of the tubular member 90 in the AA cross section shown in FIG. The opening direction of the inlet 23 is not limited to this.

  Here, FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the AA cross section of FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the introduction port 23 may be opened in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the tubular member 90 in a direction different from the direction toward the central axis. In this case, the flow of the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 from the inlet 23 becomes a swirling flow. By forming the swirling flow in this manner, the cooling medium can be introduced over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction. One or a plurality of inlets 23 are provided.

  On the other hand, the discharge pipe 60 is provided with a discharge port 65 for discharging the cooling medium introduced into the space 94. The discharge port 65 is formed on the step 63 side of the discharge pipe 60. The discharge port 65 is formed closer to the step 63 than the ridge 93.

  It is preferable that the inlet 23 be provided on one end side (the flange portion 92 side) which is a fixed end of the tubular member 90, and the outlet 65 be provided on the other end side which is a non-fixed end. The introduction port 23 is connected to the introduction pipe 70 described with reference to FIG. Further, the discharge port 65 is connected to the discharge pipe 75 described with reference to FIG.

  Here, in FIG. 4, a space 95 surrounded by the tubular portion 82, the sleeve 83, the tubular portion 20 a, and the tubular member 90 of the exhaust chamber 80 is introduced between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30. The cooling medium flows.

  Since the fixed end side of the tubular member 90 is sealed, the cooling medium in the space 95 does not flow into the space 94 from the fixed end side. On the other hand, since the non-fixed end side of the tubular member 90 is not sealed, the cooling medium in the space 95 flows into the space 94 from the non-fixed end side depending on the pressure condition. Since the cooling medium in the space 95 cools the outer casing 20 and the like, it has a higher temperature than the cooling medium flowing in the space 94.

  Therefore, by introducing the cooling medium from the fixed end side of the tubular member 90, the joining portion 61 can be cooled without mixing the high-temperature cooling medium. On the other hand, there is no problem even if the cooling medium in the space 95 flows into the cooling medium after cooling the joining portion 61 on the side where the cooling medium is discharged (unfixed end). In this way, by introducing the cooling medium from the fixed end side of the tubular member 90, the joint 61 can be reliably cooled.

  Here, the other end of the tubular member 90 may be a fixed end, and one end may be a non-fixed end. In this case, the other end of the tubular member 90 is fixed to, for example, the step 63 of the discharge pipe 60. Therefore, the cooling medium in the space 95 does not flow into the space 94 from the other end of the tubular member 90. On the other hand, the cooling medium in the space 95 flows into the space 94 from one end of the tubular member 90. In the case of this configuration, it is preferable that the discharge port 65 is provided on one end side (the flange portion 92 side) which is a non-fixed end of the tubular member 90, and the introduction port 23 is provided on the other end side which is a fixed end.

  As described above, by providing the tubular member 90 and flowing the cooling medium through the space 94, the joint 61 can be reliably cooled. In addition, by providing the tubular member 90, it is possible to prevent thermal stress generated when the cooling medium introduced from the introduction port 23 comes into contact with the high-temperature sleeve 83. Further, the provision of the tubular member 90 can prevent the joint 61 from being heated by heat radiation from the high-temperature sleeve 83.

  In addition, by providing the tubular member 90 with the protruding portion 93, the flow of the cooling medium introduced from the introduction port 23 at the protruding portion 93 is restricted, and the cooling medium spreads uniformly in the circumferential direction. In addition, when flowing through the narrow gap between the ridge portion 93 and the inner surfaces 21 and 62 of the pipe-shaped portion 20a and the discharge pipe 60, the flow velocity increases and the heat transfer coefficient increases. Therefore, for example, by providing the ridge portion 93 in opposition to the joint portion 61, the joint portion 61 can be cooled more efficiently.

  Further, with the improvement of the cooling effect of the joint 61, for example, the flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 can be reduced. Thus, when the bleed air of the axial turbine 10 is used as a cooling medium, the flow rate of the bleed air can be reduced, so that the turbine performance can be improved.

  Next, the operation of the axial turbine 10 and the operation of the cooling medium system will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4.

  Here, the axial turbine 10 includes, for example, a temperature detection device (not shown) that detects the temperature of the joint 61 and the outer casing 20, and a control unit (not shown). Then, the control unit controls the opening degree of each of the flow rate adjusting valves 54, 74, 77 based on the detection signal from the temperature detecting device. The control unit is configured to be able to input and output electric signals to and from the temperature detection device and each of the flow control valves 54, 74, and 77.

  First, the operation of the axial flow turbine 10 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the working fluid (combustion gas) from a combustor (not shown) flows through, for example, a transition piece 35 and flows into a first stage turbine stage. The working fluid that has flowed into the turbine stage flows through the inner casings 30a and 30b while performing expansion work, and passes through the last stage turbine stage.

  The working fluid that has passed through the turbine stage at the last stage passes through the annular passage 81, the tubular portion 82, and the sleeve 83, and is discharged from the discharge pipe 60. The working fluid discharged from the discharge pipe 60 is introduced into, for example, a main system of the axial flow turbine 10.

  Next, the operation of the cooling medium system of the axial turbine 10 will be described.

  First, a case where the axial flow turbine 10 is operating will be described.

  For example, the cooling medium supplied from the main system of the axial turbine 10 to the introduction pipe 50 is introduced between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30c as shown in FIG. That is, the cooling medium is introduced from the introduction pipe 50 into the space 31.

  Then, the introduced cooling medium spreads in the space 31. The cooling medium introduced into the space 31 does not flow into the space 32 on the upstream side of the annular wall 30d. The cooling medium introduced into the space 31 also spreads to the space 95 shown in FIG.

  The cooling medium that has spread to the space 31 mainly cools the outer casing 20. At this time, the cooling medium also cools the inner casing 30c. The cooling medium that has spread to the space 95 cools the sleeve 83 and the tubular member 90.

  Here, for example, since the cooling medium that has cooled the outer casing 20 and the like flows into the space 95, the temperature of the cooling medium flowing in the space 95 is lower than the temperature of the cooling medium immediately after being introduced into the axial turbine 10. Is also expensive. Therefore, even if the high-temperature cooling medium comes into contact with the high-temperature sleeve 83, no large thermal stress is generated.

  Then, the cooling medium introduced into the space 31 and cooling the outer casing 20 and the like is discharged from the axial turbine 10 to the discharge pipe 55 as shown in FIG.

  Here, the flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the space 31 is determined by the control unit setting the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 54 based on a detection signal from a temperature detection device that detects the temperature of the outer casing 20. Adjusted.

  For example, when the temperature of the outer casing 20 exceeds the allowable temperature, the flow rate of the cooling medium is increased. On the other hand, when the temperature of the outer casing 20 is sufficiently lower than the allowable temperature, the flow rate of the cooling medium is reduced. The allowable temperature is set based on, for example, the material forming the outer casing 20 and the like. Specifically, the allowable temperature is set based on, for example, the high-temperature strength of the material forming the outer casing 20.

  Here, the temperature of the cooling medium introduced into the space 31 is lower than the temperature of the outer casing 20, and the lowest temperature of the cooling medium in which the thermal stress generated in the inner casing 30 c falls within the allowable range (hereinafter, the minimum allowable temperature of the thermal stress). That is all.) By making the temperature of the cooling medium lower than the temperature of the outer casing 20, heat can be taken from the outer casing 20 and the outer casing 20 can be cooled. By setting the temperature of the cooling medium to be equal to or higher than the allowable minimum temperature of the thermal stress, the thermal stress generated by the contact of the cooling medium with the inner casing 30c can be set within an allowable range.

  Further, the pressure of the cooling medium introduced into the space 31 is higher than the pressure of the working fluid flowing through the annular passage 81. In the axial flow turbine 10, for example, the inner casing 30b and the inner casing 30c adjacent thereto are made of different materials. In such a case, for example, a gap is provided between the inner casing 30b and the inner casing 30c in consideration of the difference in the coefficient of linear expansion of each material. This gap can prevent thermal stress caused by a difference in thermal expansion.

  In the axial-flow turbine 10 having such a structure, the flow of the working fluid into the space 31 can be prevented by setting the pressure of the cooling medium introduced into the space 31 to the above-described pressure. This can prevent the outer casing 20 from being heated by the inflow of the working fluid.

  On the other hand, the cooling medium supplied to the introduction pipe 70 shown in FIG. 3 is introduced into the space 94 from the introduction port 23 of the tubular part 20a shown in FIG. The flow of the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 spreads evenly in the circumferential direction, for example, by being throttled at the ridges 93. Then, the gas flows through a narrow gap between the protruding portion 93 and the inner surfaces 21 and 62 of the tube-shaped portion 20 a and the discharge pipe 60, and cools the joint 61. At this time, the flow rate of the cooling medium increases, the heat transfer coefficient increases, and the cooling of the joint 61 is promoted.

  The flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 is adjusted by the control unit setting the degree of opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 74 based on a detection signal from a temperature detection device that detects the temperature of the joint 61. .

  For example, when the temperature of the joint 61 exceeds the allowable temperature, the flow rate of the cooling medium is increased. On the other hand, when the temperature of the joint 61 is sufficiently lower than the allowable temperature, the flow rate of the cooling medium is reduced. The permissible temperature is set based on, for example, the material forming the joint 61. Specifically, the allowable temperature is set based on, for example, the high-temperature strength of the bonding portion 61 and the like.

  The cooling medium that has passed through the ridge 93 is discharged from the discharge port 65 to a discharge pipe 75 shown in FIG. Since the tubular member 90 on the discharge port 65 side is a non-fixed end, when the pressure of the cooling medium in the space 95 is higher than the pressure of the cooling medium in the space 94, the cooling medium in the space 95 is , Flows into the space 94 through the gap between the other end of the tubular member 90 and the groove 64. Also in this case, the cooling medium in the high-temperature space 95 is discharged from the discharge port 65 together with the cooling medium in the space 94. Therefore, the cooling medium in the space 95 that has flowed in does not hinder cooling of the joint 61 and the like.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 1, the discharge pipe 55 and the discharge pipe 75 are connected to form a discharge pipe 76. The discharge pipe 76 is provided with a flow control valve 77. That is, the pressure of the cooling medium between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 30 and the pressure of the cooling medium in the space 94 can be made equal. In other words, the pressure of the cooling medium in the space 95 and the pressure of the cooling medium in the space 94 can be made equal. This prevents the cooling medium in the space 95 from leaking into the space 94. Further, it is possible to prevent the cooling medium in the space 94 from leaking into the space 95.

  Here, the downstream end of the discharge pipe 76 is connected to, for example, a pipe through which a working fluid at a temperature that does not cause cracking due to thermal stress due to a cooling medium introduced from the discharge pipe 76 flows. The downstream end of the discharge pipe 76 is connected to, for example, a portion where a working fluid having a temperature approximately equal to the temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the discharge pipe 76 or lower than the temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the discharge pipe 76 flows. . The pressure of the cooling medium flowing through the discharge pipe 76 is higher than the pressure of the working fluid flowing through the portion where the cooling medium is introduced. This prevents the working fluid from flowing into the discharge pipe 76.

  Note that, even in a configuration in which the downstream end of the discharge pipe 55 and the downstream end of the discharge pipe 75 are not connected, each downstream end has a temperature at which the cooling medium introduced from the discharge pipes 55 and 75 does not cause cracking or the like due to thermal stress. Is connected to a pipe through which the working fluid flows.

  Next, the case where the axial turbine 10 is stopped will be described.

  When the axial turbine 10 is stopped, the main system for directly supplying the cooling medium to the above-described introduction pipe 50 and the introduction pipe 70 is stopped. Examples of the time when the axial flow turbine 10 is stopped include a state immediately after the operation of the axial flow turbine 10 is normally stopped, a turbine trip state in which the operation of the axial flow turbine 10 is suddenly stopped, and the like. In these states, the components of the axial flow turbine 10 are in a high temperature state.

  When the axial flow turbine 10 is stopped, the supply source 52 and the supply source 72 having the function as the auxiliary supply source shown in FIG. 1 are driven.

  The cooling medium supplied from the supply source 52 flows into the introduction pipe 50 through the introduction pipe 51. The function of the cooling medium after flowing into the introduction pipe 50 is the same as when the above-described axial flow turbine 10 is operating.

  The cooling medium supplied from the supply source 72 flows into the introduction pipe 70 through the introduction pipe 71. The function of the cooling medium after flowing into the introduction pipe 70 is the same as when the above-described axial flow turbine 10 is operating.

  According to the axial turbine 10 of the first embodiment described above, by providing the casing cooling system and the joint cooling system, each system can be controlled independently. In addition, by introducing the cooling medium into the axial turbine 10 from these systems, the external casing 20 and the joint 61 can be cooled when the axial turbine 10 operates.

  Further, by providing the supply sources 52 and 72 each having a function as an auxiliary supply source in each of the casing cooling system and the joint cooling system, even when the axial turbine 10 is stopped, the outer casing 20 and the joint 61 can be formed. Can be cooled.

  Here, the configuration of the axial flow turbine 10 of the first embodiment is not limited to the above-described configuration. In the axial flow turbine 10 described above, an example has been described in which the outer casing 20 includes two tube-shaped portions 20a. In this configuration, each pipe-shaped portion 20a is connected to each of two divided introduction pipes 70 on the downstream side of the flow control valve 74.

  Here, the flow regulating valve 74 is not limited to being provided on the upstream side of the branch of the introduction pipe 70. For example, the flow control valve 74 may be provided in each of the introduction pipes 70 downstream of the branch point connected to each pipe-shaped portion 20a.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a BB cross section of FIG. In FIG. 6, the flow of the cooling medium introduced from the introduction pipe 50 is indicated by arrows.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, a guide member 100 for guiding the flow of the cooling medium is disposed inside the outer casing 20 and at a position facing the outlet 50 a of the introduction pipe 50. The guide member 100 includes two side walls 101 and a top plate 102 connected to each of the side walls 101. The side wall 101 and the top plate 102 are formed of, for example, rectangular flat plates. That is, the guide member 100 has a U-shaped cross section as shown in FIG.

  The top plate 102 faces the outlet 50a of the introduction tube 50 with a predetermined gap. As shown in FIG. 3, the two side walls 101 are arranged facing each other along the turbine rotor axial direction with a predetermined gap in the circumferential direction. That is, in the guide member 100, the side facing the top plate 102 and the upstream end and the downstream end in the axial direction of the turbine rotor are open.

  The cooling medium flowing out of the outlet 50a of the introduction pipe 50 collides with the top plate 102 and is guided along the top plate 102 and the side wall 101 in the axial direction of the turbine rotor (the direction of the arrow shown in FIG. 3). Therefore, the cooling medium flowing out from the outlet 50a is not directly sprayed on the inner casing 30c. In FIG. 6, the flow of the cooling medium after colliding with the top plate 102 is in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

  The cooling medium guided in the turbine rotor axial direction flows along the inner surface of the outer casing 20. At this time, part of the cooling medium flows into the upper half. Then, for example, the cooling medium flowing to the upper half side flows to the lower half side along the inner surface of the outer casing 20 as shown by the arrow in FIG.

  Then, the cooling medium that has cooled the outer casing 20 is discharged to the discharge pipe 55 from a discharge port provided in the tubular portion 20a of the outer casing 20, for example.

  By providing the guide member 100 in this manner, the cooling medium flowing out from the outlet 50a of the introduction pipe 50 can be prevented from being directly sprayed on the inner casing 30c. This can prevent a large thermal stress from being generated in the inner casing 30c.

  Further, by providing the guide member 100, the cooling medium can be spread over the entire space 31. Thereby, the outer casing 20 can be cooled evenly.

  Here, the shape of the guide member 100 is not limited to the shape described above. For example, the top plate 102 may be curved such that the circumferential central portion protrudes outward. In other words, the top plate 102 may be formed in a semi-cylindrical shape.

  In addition, the guide member 100 may be configured by a cylinder that covers the periphery of the inner casing 30c with a predetermined gap from the outer peripheral surface of the inner casing 30c. The cylindrical body is supported by, for example, a rod-shaped support that protrudes radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the inner casing 30c. The support is provided, for example, in a plurality in the circumferential direction.

  That is, the shape of the guide member 100 may be any structure that can prevent the cooling medium flowing out from the outlet 50a of the introduction pipe 50 from being directly sprayed on the inner casing 30c.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which the tube-shaped portion 20a is provided on the lower half of the outer casing 20 has been described, but the tube-shaped portion 20a may be provided on the upper half of the outer casing 20.

(Second embodiment)
FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cooling medium system in the axial turbine 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Note that, in the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted or simplified.

  Here, as the axial flow turbine 10 shown in FIG. 7, for example, a steam turbine or the like is cited. The external casing cooling system of the axial turbine 11 is the same as the external casing cooling system of the first embodiment, except that the external casing cooling system is not provided. The temperature of the working fluid at the inlet of the steam turbine exceeds, for example, 630 ° C.

  In addition, as the cooling medium introduced into the introduction pipe 50, steam extracted from the system or the like can be used. The bleeding is performed at a portion where a medium having a suitable temperature and pressure is obtained as a cooling medium.

  As described above, the medium extracted from the main system of the axial flow turbine 11 is supplied to the introduction pipe 50 as a cooling medium, for example. The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 52 is steam. The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 52 is also of a temperature and a pressure suitable as a cooling medium.

  As will be described in detail later, a part of the cooling medium introduced from the introduction pipe 50 between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 33 passes through a gap 34 between the inner casings 33 to a passage through which the working fluid in the inner casing 33 flows. leak. Then, the cooling medium that has flowed out into the passage through which the working fluid flows is discharged from the axial flow turbine 11 together with the working fluid. The remainder of the cooling medium is exhausted from a seal between the outer casing 20 and the turbine rotor 41, for example. The working fluid is steam.

  As described above, the outer casing cooling system that mainly cools the outer casing 20 is configured by the introduction pipes 50 and 51, the supply source 52, the space between the outer casing 20, and the inner casing 33, and the like.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the lower half of the outer casing 20 on the upstream side has, for example, a downwardly extending tube-shaped portion 20b for introducing a working fluid. One or a plurality of the tube-shaped portions 20b are provided. An introduction pipe 110 through which a working fluid introduced into the axial flow turbine 10 flows is welded and joined to the pipe-shaped portion 20b of the outer casing 20.

  In the present embodiment, a configuration including two tube-shaped portions 20b is illustrated. When the axial flow turbine 11 is viewed from the upstream side, the two tubular portions 20b are bifurcated so as to sandwich the lowermost portion of the outer casing 20, similarly to the tubular portion 20a shown in FIG. Each tube-shaped portion 20b extends downward. The introduction pipes 110 are welded to the respective pipe-shaped portions 20b.

  In FIG. 7, one tube-shaped portion 20b appears, and the other tube-shaped portion 20b is invisible. The introduction pipe 110 functions as a working fluid introduction pipe.

  For example, an introduction pipe 120 for introducing a cooling medium that cools a joining portion 111 between the tubular shape part 20b and the introduction pipe 110 from the inside is connected to the tubular shape part 20b of the outer casing 20. Although not shown in FIG. 7, an introduction pipe 120 branched on the downstream side of a flow rate control valve 124 described later is also connected to the other pipe-shaped portion 20b.

  For example, a medium extracted from a main system of the axial flow turbine 11 is supplied to the introduction pipe 120 as a cooling medium. Note that the cooling medium supplied to the introduction pipe 120 may be any medium having a suitable temperature and pressure as the cooling medium.

  The introduction pipe 121 is connected to the introduction pipe 120. The introduction pipe 121 is connected to a supply source 122 that supplies a cooling medium. The supply source 122 is a separate supply source from the supply source that supplies the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 120. This supply source 122 is a system different from the main system in the axial flow turbine 11. Therefore, the supply source 122 can supply the cooling medium to the introduction pipe 121 even when the operation of the main system in the axial turbine 11 is stopped, for example. This supply source 122 has a function as an auxiliary supply source.

  The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 122 is the same as the cooling medium in the supply source 52 described above. The cooling medium introduced from the supply source 122 is also of a temperature and pressure suitable as a cooling medium. Note that the introduction pipe 120 functions as a fifth introduction pipe, and the introduction pipe 121 functions as a sixth introduction pipe. The supply source 122 functions as a third supply source.

  As shown in FIG. 7, a flow regulating valve 124 is provided on the introduction pipe 120 downstream of the connecting portion 123 where the introduction pipe 121 is connected to the introduction pipe 120. That is, the flow regulating valve 124 is provided between the connecting portion 123 and the tubular portion 20b of the outer casing 20.

  The flow adjustment valve 124 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the inside of the joint 111 via the introduction pipe 120. In other words, the pressure of the cooling medium introduced into the inside of the tube-shaped portion 20b and the introduction tube 110 is adjusted. For example, the flow control valve 124 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium to an optimal flow rate based on the temperature of the joint 111 when the axial turbine 11 is started, operated, or stopped. The flow control valve 124 functions as a flow control device.

  The cooling medium introduced from the introduction pipe 120 into the inside of the tubular shape portion 20b and the introduction pipe 110 is discharged through the discharge pipe 125 as shown in FIG. The discharge pipe 125 is connected to the introduction pipe 110, for example. The discharge pipe 125 is provided with, for example, a flow control valve 126.

  The flow rate of the cooling medium that cools the joint 111 is adjusted mainly by the flow rate adjustment valve 124, and the flow rate adjustment valve 126 is mainly used for adjusting the pressure. Note that the discharge pipe 125 functions as a fourth discharge pipe, and the flow control valve 126 functions as a flow control device.

  Thus, the joint cooling system that cools the joint 111 is configured by the introduction pipes 120 and 121, the supply source 122, the space inside the pipe-shaped part 20b and the introduction pipe 110, the discharge pipe 125, and the like.

  As described above, by providing the casing cooling system and the joint cooling system, each system can be controlled independently.

  In addition, the above-mentioned flow control valves 54, 124, 126 are constituted by, for example, valve valves. Also, a throttle such as an orifice may be used instead of the flow control valves 54, 124, 126.

  Next, a configuration of the axial flow turbine 11 of the second embodiment including the above-described cooling medium system will be described.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a meridional section of the axial turbine 11 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the axial turbine 11 includes a double-structure casing including an outer casing 20 and an inner casing 33 provided inside the outer casing 20. Further, a turbine rotor 41 having a moving blade 40 implanted therein is penetrated in the inner casing 33. The turbine rotor 41 is rotatably supported by a rotor bearing (not shown).

  Here, the inner casing 33 is divided, for example, in the turbine rotor axial direction. A gap 34 is formed between the upstream and downstream inner casings 33.

  On the inner surface of the inner casing 33, stationary blades 42 are arranged so as to alternate with the moving blades 40 in the turbine rotor axial direction. The inner casing 33 surrounds a turbine stage including the stationary blades 42 and the moving blades 40. The inner casing 33 is made of, for example, a high-strength material.

  On the outer peripheral surface of the inner casing 33, for example, an annular wall 33a protruding radially outward in the circumferential direction is provided. The outer peripheral surface of the annular wall 33a is in contact with, for example, the inner periphery of the outer casing 20. The space formed between the inner casing 30 and the outer casing 20 is divided into a space 38 and a space 39 by the annular wall 33a.

  As shown in FIG. 8, a communication hole 33b is formed in the upstream annular wall 33a. The plurality of communication holes 33b are formed, for example, in the circumferential direction. In the space between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 33, the cooling steam flows through the communication holes 33b.

  A seal portion 43 is provided between the turbine rotor 41 and the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 33 to prevent the working fluid from leaking outside.

  In the inner casing 33, a nozzle box 44 provided with a stationary blade 42 in a first stage turbine stage is provided. The nozzle box 44 includes an annular passage 45 that forms an annular passage between the inner casing 33 and the turbine rotor 41, and a tube-shaped portion 46 provided on a lower half side of the annular passage 45.

  The tube-shaped portion 46 is bifurcated, for example, so as to sandwich the lowermost portion of the annular passage 45. The tubular portion 46 extends downward along the tubular portion 20b inside the tubular portion 20b of the outer casing 20. These tube-shaped portions 46 guide the high-temperature working fluid introduced into the axial turbine 11 to the annular passage 45.

  For example, an inlet pipe 50 for introducing a cooling medium between the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 33 is connected to the lowermost part of the outer casing 20, as shown in FIG. That is, the introduction pipe 50 is connected to the lowermost part of the outer casing 20 between the pipe-shaped portions 20a.

  The introduction pipe 50 is connected to the outer casing 20 so as to be inclined from the upstream side to the downstream side, for example, as shown in FIG. Then, for example, a cooling medium is introduced from the introduction pipe 50 into the space 38 surrounded by the outer casing 20 and the inner casing 33 on the upstream side.

  An exhaust chamber 130 is provided downstream of the last turbine stage.

  Here, the internal configuration of the tube-shaped portion 20b of the outer casing 20 and the inside of the introduction tube 110 are the same as the internal configuration of the tube-shaped portion 20a of the external casing 20 and the inside of the discharge tube 60 in the first embodiment.

  Referring to FIG. 4, the tube-shaped portion 20b corresponds to the tube-shaped portion 20a, and the introduction tube 110 corresponds to the discharge tube 60. The tube-shaped portion 46 corresponds to the tube-shaped portion 82. One end of a tubular sleeve 83 is connected to an end of the tubular portion 46. The other end of the sleeve 83 extends to the inside of the introduction tube 110. The other end of the sleeve 83 is connected to the introduction pipe 110.

  A seal ring 84 is provided between the sleeve 83 and the tube-shaped portion 46, and between the sleeve 83 and the introduction tube 110. A tubular member 90 is provided inside the tubular portion 20b and the introduction tube 110, and on the outer periphery of the sleeve 83.

  The tubular portion 20 b is provided with an inlet 23 for introducing a cooling medium into an annular space 94 defined by the tubular member 90. This inlet 23 is connected to the inlet pipe 120. On the other hand, the introduction pipe 110 is provided with a discharge port 65 for discharging the cooling medium introduced into the space 94. This discharge port 65 is connected to a discharge pipe 125.

  In addition, the site | part which forms the inlet 23 and the outlet 65 is suitably set by the position of the fixed end and the non-fixed end of the tubular member 90 as demonstrated in 1st Embodiment. The opening direction of the inlet 23 is also the same as that described in the first embodiment. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, a guide member 100 may be provided.

  As described above, by providing the tubular member 90 and flowing the cooling medium through the space 94, the joint 111 can be reliably cooled. Further, by providing the tubular member 90, it is possible to prevent a thermal stress generated when the cooling medium introduced from the introduction port 23 comes into contact with the high-temperature sleeve 83 or the like. Further, the provision of the tubular member 90 can prevent the joint 111 from being heated by heat radiation from the high-temperature sleeve 83.

  Further, with the improvement of the cooling effect of the joint portion 111, for example, the flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 can be reduced.

  Next, the operation of the axial turbine 11 and the operation of the cooling medium system will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

  Here, the axial turbine 11 includes, for example, a temperature detection device (not shown) for detecting the temperature of the joint 111 and the outer casing 20, and a control unit (not shown). Then, the control unit controls the opening degree of each of the above-mentioned flow control valves 54, 124, 126 based on the detection signal from the temperature detection device. Note that the control unit is configured to be able to input and output electric signals to and from the temperature detecting device and the flow rate adjusting valves 54, 124, and 126.

  First, the operation of the axial flow turbine 11 will be described.

  A high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid (steam) for operating the axial turbine 11 flows into the annular passage 45 through the introduction pipe 110, the sleeve 83, and the pipe-shaped portion 46, as shown in FIG. The working fluid that has flowed into the annular passage 45 expands in the circumferential direction and is jetted from the first stage stationary blades 42 toward the first stage rotor blades 40.

  The working fluid that has flowed into the turbine stage flows inside the inner casing 33 while performing expansion work, and passes through the last stage turbine stage. Then, the working fluid that has passed through the final stage turbine stage is discharged through the exhaust chamber 130. The working fluid discharged from the exhaust chamber 130 is introduced into another steam turbine, for example.

  Next, the operation of the cooling medium system of the axial turbine 11 will be described.

  Here, an operation different from the operation of the cooling medium system in the first embodiment will be mainly described.

  First, a case where the axial flow turbine 11 is operating will be described.

  For example, the cooling medium supplied from the main system of the axial flow turbine 11 to the introduction pipe 50 is introduced into the space 38 as shown in FIG. The cooling medium that has spread to the space 38 mainly cools the outer casing 20. The cooling medium that has spread to the space 38 is introduced into the space 39 through the communication hole 33b of the annular wall 33a. The cooling medium that has spread to the space 39 mainly cools the outer casing 20. The inner casing 33 is also cooled by the cooling medium that has spread to the spaces 38 and 39.

  Here, the pressure of the cooling medium introduced into the space 39 is higher than the pressure of the working fluid flowing in the inner casing 33 at the axial position of the turbine rotor where the gap 34 is formed. Therefore, a part of the cooling medium introduced into the space 39 flows out of the gap 34 between the inner casings 33 shown in FIG. Then, it is discharged from the exhaust chamber 130 together with the working fluid.

  On the other hand, the remainder of the cooling medium is discharged from the seal portion 43 between the outer casing 20 and the turbine rotor 41, for example.

  The operation of the cooling medium supplied to the introduction pipe 120 is the same as that of the cooling medium supplied to the space 94 from the introduction pipe 70 of the first embodiment (see FIG. 4). The flow rate of the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 from the introduction pipe 120 is determined by the control unit setting the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 124 based on a detection signal from a temperature detection device that detects the temperature of the joint 111. It is adjusted by. Then, the cooling medium introduced into the space 94 is discharged to the discharge pipe 125 as shown in FIGS.

  Here, the downstream end of the discharge pipe 125 is connected to, for example, a pipe through which a working fluid having a temperature that does not cause cracking due to thermal stress due to a cooling medium introduced from the discharge pipe 125 flows. The downstream end of the discharge pipe 125 is connected to, for example, a portion where a working fluid having a temperature similar to the temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the discharge pipe 125 or a temperature lower than the temperature of the cooling medium flowing through the discharge pipe 125 flows. . The pressure of the cooling medium flowing through the discharge pipe 125 is higher than the pressure of the working fluid flowing through the portion where the cooling medium is introduced. This can prevent the working fluid from flowing into the discharge pipe 125.

  Next, a case where the axial flow turbine 11 is stopped will be described.

  When the axial flow turbine 11 is stopped, the supply source 52 and the supply source 122 having the function as the auxiliary supply source shown in FIG. 7 are driven.

  The cooling medium supplied from the supply source 52 flows into the introduction pipe 50 through the introduction pipe 51. The function of the cooling medium after flowing into the introduction pipe 50 is the same as when the above-described axial flow turbine 11 is operating.

  The cooling medium supplied from the supply source 122 flows into the introduction pipe 120 through the introduction pipe 121. The function of the cooling medium after flowing into the introduction pipe 120 is the same as when the above-described axial flow turbine 11 is operating.

  According to the axial flow turbine 11 of the second embodiment described above, by providing the casing cooling system and the joint cooling system, each system can be controlled independently. In addition, by introducing the cooling medium into the axial turbine 11 from these systems, the outer casing 20 and the joint 111 can be cooled when the axial turbine 11 operates.

  In addition, by providing the supply sources 52 and 122 having a function as an auxiliary supply source to each of the casing cooling system and the joint cooling system, even when the axial turbine 11 is stopped, the outer casing 20 and the joint 111 can be connected. Can be cooled.

  According to the embodiment described above, it is possible to reliably cool the outer casing during operation and after stopping.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are provided by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These new embodiments can be implemented in other various forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and their equivalents.

  10, 11: axial turbine, 20: outer casing, 20a, 20b, 46, 82: tubular shape, 21, 62: inner surface, 22, 63: step, 23: inlet, 30, 30a, 30b, 30c 33, inner casing, 30d, 33a annular wall, 31, 32, 38, 39 space, 33b communication hole, 34 gap, 35 transition piece, 40 rotor blade, 41 turbine rotor, 42 static Blades, 43: seal portion, 44: nozzle box, 45: annular passage, 50, 51, 70, 71, 110, 120, 121: introduction pipe, 50a: outlet, 52, 72, 122: supply source, 53, 73 , 123 ... connecting part, 54, 74, 77, 124, 126 ... flow control valve, 55, 60, 75, 76, 125 ... discharge pipe, 61, 111 ... joint, 64 ... groove, 65 ... discharge port, 80 , 1 0: exhaust chamber, 81: annular passage, 83: sleeve, 84: seal ring, 90: tubular member, 91: outer surface, 92: flange portion, 92a: flat surface, 93: ridge portion, 94, 95: space, 100 ... guide member, 101 ... side wall, 102 ... top plate.

Claims (15)

An outer casing,
An inner casing provided inside the outer casing,
A turbine rotor penetrating the inner casing;
Rotor blades implanted in the turbine rotor,
Stationary blades supported by a support member provided inside the inner casing and alternately arranged with the rotor blades in the turbine rotor axial direction;
An axial flow turbine comprising:
A first inlet pipe for introducing a cooling medium between the outer casing and the inner casing during operation of the axial turbine ;
A second introduction pipe connected to the first introduction pipe and introducing a cooling medium;
A first auxiliary supply source for supplying a cooling medium to the second introduction pipe while the operation of the axial turbine is stopped ; An axial flow turbine comprising:   The axial flow turbine according to claim 1, further comprising a first discharge pipe provided in the outer casing and configured to discharge the cooling medium introduced from the first introduction pipe. A working fluid discharge pipe that is welded to the outer casing and through which the working fluid discharged from the axial turbine flows.
A third inlet pipe for introducing a cooling medium for cooling a welded joint between the outer casing and the working fluid discharge pipe from the inside;
A fourth introduction pipe connected to the third introduction pipe and introducing a cooling medium;
The supply source for supplying a cooling medium to the third introduction pipe is provided separately, and a second auxiliary supply source for supplying a cooling medium to the fourth introduction pipe is provided. 3. The axial turbine according to 2. A second discharge pipe connected to the working fluid discharge pipe and discharging the cooling medium introduced from the third introduction pipe;
The axial turbine according to claim 3, wherein the third inlet pipe is connected to the outer casing joined to the working fluid discharge pipe. A second discharge pipe connected to the outer casing joined to the working fluid discharge pipe and configured to discharge the cooling medium introduced from the third introduction pipe;
The axial turbine according to claim 3, wherein the third inlet pipe is connected to the working fluid discharge pipe.   The axial turbine according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a downstream end of the first exhaust pipe and a downstream end of the second exhaust pipe are connected to form a third exhaust pipe. . A working fluid introduction pipe welded to the outer casing and through which a working fluid introduced into the axial flow turbine flows;
A fifth introduction pipe for introducing a cooling medium for cooling a weld joint between the outer casing and the working fluid introduction pipe from the inside,
A sixth introduction pipe connected to the fifth introduction pipe and introducing a cooling medium;
The supply source for supplying a cooling medium to the fifth introduction pipe is separate from the supply source, and a third auxiliary supply source for supplying a cooling medium to the sixth introduction pipe is provided. 2. The axial flow turbine according to 1. A fourth discharge pipe connected to the working fluid introduction pipe and discharging the cooling medium introduced from the fifth introduction pipe;
The axial turbine according to claim 7, wherein the fifth introduction pipe is connected to the outer casing joined to the working fluid introduction pipe. A fourth discharge pipe connected to the outer casing joined to the working fluid introduction pipe and configured to discharge the cooling medium introduced from the fifth introduction pipe;
The axial flow turbine according to claim 7, wherein the fifth introduction pipe is connected to the working fluid introduction pipe.   The pressure of a cooling medium introduced between the outer casing and the inner casing is higher than a pressure of a working fluid flowing in the inner casing. Axial turbine.   The temperature of the cooling medium introduced between the outer casing and the inner casing is lower than the temperature of the outer casing, and is equal to or higher than the lowest temperature of the cooling medium in which the thermal stress generated in the inner casing is within an allowable range. The axial flow turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein:   The axial flow turbine according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the first exhaust pipe includes a flow rate adjusting device that adjusts a flow rate of the cooling medium.   The axial flow turbine according to claim 4, wherein the second exhaust pipe includes a flow rate adjusting device that adjusts a flow rate of the cooling medium.   The axial flow turbine according to claim 6, wherein the third discharge pipe includes a flow rate adjusting device that adjusts a flow rate of the cooling medium.   The axial flow turbine according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the fourth discharge pipe includes a flow rate adjusting device for adjusting a flow rate of the cooling medium.

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