JP6682845B2 - 発振器、電子機器、及び、移動体 - Google Patents
発振器、電子機器、及び、移動体 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
- H03L1/04—Constructional details for maintaining temperature constant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/20—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator
- H03B5/24—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising resistance and either capacitance or inductance, e.g. phase-shift oscillator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/30—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
- H03B5/32—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/30—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
- H03B5/32—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator
- H03B5/36—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/362—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/30—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
- H03B5/32—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator
- H03B5/36—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/366—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device and comprising means for varying the frequency by a variable voltage or current
- H03B5/368—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device and comprising means for varying the frequency by a variable voltage or current the means being voltage variable capacitance diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/15—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material
- H03H9/17—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator
- H03H9/19—Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezoelectric or electrostrictive material having a single resonator consisting of quartz
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L1/00—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply
- H03L1/02—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only
- H03L1/028—Stabilisation of generator output against variations of physical values, e.g. power supply against variations of temperature only of generators comprising piezoelectric resonators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
- H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
- H03B2200/0038—Circuit elements of oscillators including a current mirror
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B2201/00—Aspects of oscillators relating to varying the frequency of the oscillations
- H03B2201/02—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by electronic means
- H03B2201/0208—Varying the frequency of the oscillations by electronic means the means being an element with a variable capacitance, e.g. capacitance diode
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Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る発振器の構成例を示す回路図である。図1に示すように、この発振器は、発振回路10と、温度補償電圧生成回路20と、バンドギャップリファレンス回路30と、バイアス電流生成回路40とを含んでも良い。あるいは、発振回路10〜バイアス電流生成回路40の一部が、半導体装置(IC)に内蔵されて発振器を構成しても良い。
R1+R2=R3a+R3b=Rc ・・・(1)
また、トランジスターQB1のベース・エミッター間電圧は、トランジスターQB2のベース・エミッター間電圧と抵抗R4の両端間の電圧との和に等しくなる。
I=Vt×ln(M)/R4
=(kT/q)×ln(M)/R4 ・・・(2)
ここで、kはボルツマン定数であり、Tは絶対温度であり、qは電子の電荷である。基準電流Iは、正の温度特性(温度変化に対する電流変化率の割合)を有しており、温度の上昇に伴って電流値が増大する。
Vbgr=Rc×I+Vf
=Rc×Vt×ln(M)/R4+Vf
=Rc×(kT/q)×ln(M)/R4+Vf ・・・(3)
式(3)において、熱電圧Vtは正の温度特性を有しており、トランジスターQB1のベース・エミッター間の順方向電圧Vfは負の温度特性を有している。
Vref=Vbgr−I×R1
=Vbgr−Vt×ln(M)×R1/R4
=Vbgr−(kT/q)×ln(M)×R1/R4 ・・・(4)
Iref=(Vref−Vf)/R5 ・・・(5)
Iosc=α×(Vref−Vf)/R5 ・・・(6)
G=ZL/re
=ZL/{(kT/q)/Iosc}
=ZL×Iosc/(kT/q) ・・・(7)
G1=α×ZL×ln(M)/R4 ・・・(8)
式(8)において、負荷のインピーダンスZL及び抵抗R4の抵抗値が温度依存性を有さなければ、発振段回路のゲインG1が温度によらずに一定となる。
G2=α×ZL×(Vref−Vf)/R5/(kT/q) ・・・(9)
従って、水晶振動体11のインピーダンスが温度依存性を有していても、参照電圧Vrefの温度特性を利用して発振信号の振幅の温度特性(温度変化に対する振幅変化率の割合)を適切に設定することにより、水晶振動体11のインピーダンスの温度依存性による発振周波数の変動を低減することができる。
本発明の第2の実施形態においては、図1に示す発振器において、バイアス電流生成回路40が、バンドギャップリファレンス回路30に含まれている抵抗R1〜R4の温度係数と異なる温度係数を有する電流調整抵抗R5を含み、参照電圧Vref及び電流調整抵抗R5の抵抗値に基づいて発振段回路のバイアス電流Ioscを生成する。その他の点に関しては、第2の実施形態は、第1の実施形態と同様でも良い。
図10は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係る発振器の構成例を示す回路図である。第3の実施形態においては、バンドギャップリファレンス回路30において抵抗R1及びR2の抵抗値が可変とされ、又は、バイアス電流生成回路40において電流調整抵抗が選択可能とされており、それらを設定する設定回路50が設けられている。設定回路50は、半導体装置(IC)に内蔵されて発振器の一部を構成しても良い。その他の点に関しては、第3の実施形態は、第1の実施形態と同じでも良い。
次に、本発明のいずれかの実施形態に係る発振器を用いた電子機器について説明する。
図11は、本発明の一実施形態に係る電子機器の第1の構成例を示すブロック図である。この電子機器は、本発明のいずれかの実施形態に係る発振器110と、CPU120と、操作部130と、ROM(リードオンリー・メモリー)140と、RAM(ランダムアクセス・メモリー)150と、通信部160と、表示部170と、音声出力部180とを含んでいる。なお、図11に示す構成要素の一部を省略又は変更しても良いし、あるいは、図11に示す構成要素に他の構成要素を付加しても良い。
次に、本発明のいずれかの実施形態に係る発振器を用いた移動体について説明する。移動体としては、例えば、自動車、自走式ロボット、自走式搬送機器、列車、船舶、飛行機、又は、人工衛星等が該当する。
Claims (8)
- 振動体の第1の電極と第2の電極との間に接続されて発振動作を行う発振段回路と、
前記振動体の第1又は第2の電極に接続されて発振周波数を調節する可変容量素子と、
温度に応じて大きさが変化する電流が流れる電流経路に挿入された抵抗を用いて、温度に応じて大きさが変化する参照電圧を生成するバンドギャップリファレンス回路と、
前記参照電圧に基づいて前記発振段回路のバイアス電流を生成することにより、前記振動体のインピーダンスの温度依存性又は前記可変容量素子の感度の温度依存性による発振周波数の変動を低減するバイアス電流生成回路と、
を備える発振器。 - 前記バンドギャップリファレンス回路が、第1の抵抗、第2の抵抗、及び、第1のトランジスター又は第1のダイオードが直列接続された第1の電流経路と、第3の抵抗、並列接続された複数の第2のトランジスター又は複数の第2のダイオード、及び、第4の抵抗が直列接続された第2の電流経路とを有し、前記第1の抵抗と前記第2の抵抗との接続点において前記参照電圧を生成する、請求項1記載の発振器。
- 前記バイアス電流生成回路が、前記バンドギャップリファレンス回路に含まれている抵抗の温度係数と異なる温度係数を有する電流調整抵抗を含み、前記参照電圧及び前記電流調整抵抗の抵抗値に基づいて前記発振段回路のバイアス電流を生成する、請求項1又は2記載の発振器。
- 前記電流調整抵抗が、前記バンドギャップリファレンス回路に含まれている抵抗の温度係数よりも大きい温度係数を有する、請求項3記載の発振器。
- 前記バイアス電流生成回路が、前記バンドギャップリファレンス回路の電流経路に流れる電流の温度依存性よりも小さい温度依存性を有するバイアス電流を供給する、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の発振器。
- 格納部に格納されているデータに従って、前記バンドギャップリファレンス回路に含まれている抵抗の値を設定し、又は、複数の抵抗の内から前記電流調整抵抗を選択するための選択信号を生成する設定回路をさらに備える、請求項3記載の発振器。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の発振器を備える電子機器。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の発振器を備える移動体。
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| JP2015248274A JP6682845B2 (ja) | 2015-12-21 | 2015-12-21 | 発振器、電子機器、及び、移動体 |
| CN201611120152.0A CN107026644B (zh) | 2015-12-21 | 2016-12-08 | 振荡器、电子设备以及移动体 |
| US15/378,358 US10284206B2 (en) | 2015-12-21 | 2016-12-14 | Oscillator, electronic device, and moving object |
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| JPWO2017056146A1 (ja) * | 2015-09-28 | 2018-07-12 | オリンパス株式会社 | 信号伝送回路および内視鏡システム |
| KR102770122B1 (ko) * | 2016-10-24 | 2025-02-21 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 전자 장치 |
| CN109980930B (zh) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-10-27 | 晶豪科技股份有限公司 | 振荡器及使用该振荡器之关联的直流转直流转换器 |
| KR102527386B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-13 | 2023-04-28 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전류 미러를 포함하는 디지털 제어 오실레이터 |
| CN109286370B (zh) * | 2018-09-03 | 2022-04-12 | 宁波芯涌微电子有限公司 | 时钟振荡器及其控制方法 |
| US11256281B2 (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2022-02-22 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Automatically controlled bandgap reference circuit |
| US11018625B1 (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-05-25 | Nxp B.V. | Frequency reference generator |
| US10903790B1 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-01-26 | Nxp B.V. | Frequency reference generator |
| US12244318B2 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2025-03-04 | Eosemi Limited | Temperature sensor for a TCXO |
| GB2596817A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2022-01-12 | Eosemi Ltd | Temperature sensor for a TCXO |
| KR20220134326A (ko) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-10-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 저항 온도 계수 상쇄 회로를 포함하는 밴드 갭 레퍼런스 회로, 및 이를 포함하는 발진기 회로 |
| US11619961B1 (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-04-04 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Bandgap reference compensation circuit |
| CN116505917A (zh) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-07-28 | 上海硅虹微电子科技有限公司 | 一种带温度补偿的基于电压控制可变电容的rc张弛振荡器 |
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| US5446420A (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1995-08-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing jitter and improving testability of an oscillator |
| US5982241A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-11-09 | Dallas Semiconductor Corporation | Monolithic oscillator utilizing frequency-locked loop feedback network |
| JP3730984B2 (ja) * | 2003-02-19 | 2006-01-05 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | 関数発生回路及び温度補償型水晶発振器 |
| JP4026825B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-25 | 2007-12-26 | ローム株式会社 | 発振回路およびそれを含む時計機能付き半導体集積装置を備える電子機器 |
| JP4985035B2 (ja) | 2007-03-30 | 2012-07-25 | 富士通セミコンダクター株式会社 | 発振回路 |
| JP5061857B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-12 | 2012-10-31 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 圧電発振器 |
| US8067992B2 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2011-11-29 | Avago Technologies Ecbu Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Temperature compensation circuit and method |
| JP5325591B2 (ja) * | 2009-01-28 | 2013-10-23 | ラピスセミコンダクタ株式会社 | 発振回路 |
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| CN107026644A (zh) | 2017-08-08 |
| CN107026644B (zh) | 2022-02-01 |
| US10284206B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
| JP2017118166A (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
| US20170179961A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
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