JP6698014B2 - Hydroponics component adjuster for hydroponics and hydroponics method using the same - Google Patents

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hydroponics component regulator for hydroponic cultivation and a hydroponic cultivation method using the same.

  In recent years, functional nutrients such as folic acid, which are necessary for maintaining and improving the health of the human body, have been receiving attention. This folic acid is said to have various effects such as prevention of degeneration of spina bifida in the fetus, hematopoiesis, and recovery of brain function. If the intake of folic acid is low, symptoms such as inflammation of the oral cavity, rough skin, and feeling of fatigue may occur, which may cause pernicious anemia and arteriosclerosis. Therefore, it is preferable to take folic acid on a daily basis, but in order to take the necessary and sufficient amount of folic acid in daily diet, it is necessary to ingest a large amount of foods containing folic acid such as liver, eel, vegetables, etc. Difficult to do.

  Therefore, daily use of supplements can be mentioned as the easiest and easiest way to take the necessary and sufficient amount of folic acid, but artificially made supplement folic acid has a large absorption amount in the body and may cause carcinogenesis or It is known that the risk of developing asthma is increased. Therefore, when taking folic acid, it is preferable to take it in a normal diet rather than relying on supplements, in consideration of safety and nutrition. In addition, in addition to folic acid, ingredients such as vitamins and minerals that are effective for the human body are abundantly contained in food materials such as vegetables, and thus comprehensive nutrition can be taken. From the above, in recent years, attempts have been made to make edible plants contain folic acid at a high concentration.

  There are "genetically modified", "addition of folic acid powder to fertilizer", and "creation of new species by breed improvement" as means for containing edible plants with high concentration of folic acid. There is some problem. Based on this, the present inventor has previously found a plant cultivation method that raises the folate content of a plant to be cultivated and does not cause these problems (Patent Document 1). In this method of cultivating a plant, it is possible to effectively increase the folate content of the plant to be cultivated by including yeast in the water for hydroponics. According to hydroponic culture, by including yeast in the nutrient water, the roots can freely expand in the nutrient water and sufficiently absorb the yeast components in the nutrient water.

  However, when yeast is included in the water culture for hydroponics, the yeast accelerates the decay of the water, and the roots of the plant to be cultivated are damaged, or an unpleasant odor is generated. Occurs. For such a problem, for example, in hydroponics, the nutrient water returned from the cultivation bed is heated to sterilize pathogens and other bacteria contained in the nutrient water (Patent Document 2), and nutrients for hydroponics. There is a method in which an electrode is provided in water and water is electrolyzed by passing electricity (Patent Document 3).

Patent No. 5763282 JP-A-3-127918 JP-A-62-205723

  However, the methods disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3 cause a significant increase in equipment cost. Further, the methods disclosed in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 require high technology for maintenance and management, and are difficult for general consumers to perform. Furthermore, when the scale of hydroponic culture is large, the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 cannot process a large amount of water and is difficult to handle.

  Therefore, in the present invention, in view of the above problems, while low cost and easy maintenance, while aiming at high leaf oxidation of plants, hydroponics capable of suppressing the decay of hydroponic water It is an object of the present invention to provide a water supply component adjuster for water and a hydroponic cultivation method using the same.

Hydroponic culture component for hydroponics according to the present invention: A hydroponics component regulator for hydroponics according to the present invention has a container for accommodating a component preparation agent containing at least yeast, and the container is It is a bag or a box, and at least a part of its surface is equipped with a dialysis membrane having a molecular weight cutoff of 15,000 or less.

Hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention: The hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention comprises growing a plant by immersing the above-mentioned hydroponic water nutrient component adjuster in hydroponic water. Characterize.

  According to the water culture component adjuster for hydroponic culture and the hydroponic culture method using the same according to the present invention, while maintaining low cost and easy maintenance, while promoting high leaf oxidation of the plant, water It is possible to suppress the decay of the nutrient water for cultivation.

It is the figure which showed the nutrient solution component regulator for hydroponics as one Embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which illustrated the state which arranged the nutrient solution ingredient regulator for hydroponics in one embodiment of the present invention in a hydroponics tank. It is a graph which showed the relationship between the average content of folic acid and the average weight of lettuce in yeast-treated and yeast-untreated cultures.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of a hydroponics component adjuster for hydroponic culture according to the present invention and a hydroponic culture method using the same will be described.

(Hydroponics tank)
Before describing the water culture component adjuster for hydroponics according to the present invention, first, a hydroponic cultivation tank in which the water culture component adjuster is arranged will be briefly described. FIG. 2 is a diagram exemplifying a state in which a hydroponic culture component adjuster for hydroponic cultivation in one embodiment of the present invention is arranged in a hydroponic cultivation tank.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the hydroponic cultivation tank 10 in the present embodiment stores the nourishing water 12 that supplies the nutrient components to the plant 20 when the plant 20 is cultivated. Further, the hydroponic cultivation tank 10 includes a cultivation bed 11 in which the plants 20 are fixedly arranged so that only the roots of the plants 20 are immersed in the nourishing water 12. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the hydroponic cultivation tank 10 may be configured to separately include a water supply circuit and a drainage channel and circulate the nourishing water 12. The water supply circuit can include a water supply tank, a pump, a filter unit, an opening/closing valve, a water supply source, and the like. The drainage channel can be formed so that the nourishing water 12 overflowed in the hydroponic cultivation tank 10 is returned to the water supply tank.

(Adjuster for hydroponics for hydroponics)
Next, the water culture component adjuster 1 for hydroponics according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a water culture component adjuster for hydroponic cultivation as one embodiment of the present invention. The nutrient solution component adjuster 1 has a container 2 for containing a component adjuster (not shown). Below, the container 2 which the nutrient solution component regulator 1 for hydroponics according to this invention has as a structure, and the component regulator accommodated in this container 2 are demonstrated.

<Container>
The container 2 in the present invention is used by allowing a specific substance to permeate the nourishing water 12. The container 12 contains a component modifier containing at least a substance intended for permeation. This container 12 is provided with a dialysis membrane having a molecular weight cutoff of 15,000 or less on at least a part of its surface. FIG. 1 shows a nutrient solution component adjuster 1 having a dialysis membrane having a molecular weight cutoff of 15,000 or less on the entire surface of a container 2. By satisfying these conditions, the container 2 retains components (polysaccharides, proteins, etc.) that decompose the nourishing water 12 when immersed and placed in the nourishing water 12 stored in the hydroponic cultivation tank 10. Can be set. That is, according to the container 2 of the present invention, the components other than the components to be contained in the plant 20 can be kept in the container 2 to enable the adjustment of the components of the nutrient water 12 and to delay the decay of the nutrient water 12. If the cut-off molecular weight of the permeable membrane provided in the container 2 exceeds 15,000 and a component that promotes spoilage is released from the container 2 into the nourishing water 12, an unpleasant odor is generated due to the spoilage of the nourishing water 12. At the same time, the root of the plant 20 is damaged due to the decay of the water supply 12, which is not preferable.

  The cut-off molecular weight of the permeable membrane provided in the container 2 is preferably 12,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less, and further preferably 8,000 or less.

  The fractional molecular weight of the dialysis membrane provided in the container 2 in the present invention has been described above. However, in order to increase the folate content of the plant 20 to be cultivated, the fractional molecular weight may be at least 400 or more, and may be 130 or more. More preferable. This is because folic acid has a molecular weight of about 440, and folic acid precursor paraaminobenzoic acid (PABA) has a molecular weight of about 137.

Further, regarding the shape of the container 2 in the present invention, it is preferable that it is a bag or a box because of its convenience and versatility, and low cost can be realized. Here, the bag body includes a tubular shape. When the container 2 has a tubular shape, both ends thereof can be closed by using fasteners 3 such as strings and clips.

<Component adjustment agent>
The component adjusting agent in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the component itself or the precursor to be contained in the plant 20. Moreover, in order to make the cultivated plant 20 contain folic acid at a high concentration, it is more preferable to contain yeast in the component adjusting agent. As used herein, the "yeast" may be any yeast commonly used in the production of food or food such as sake yeast, brewing yeast such as brewer's yeast, baker's yeast, wine yeast, and miso soy sauce yeast, and is not particularly limited. Not done. In addition, the yeast may include yeast extract (in liquid form, powder form, etc.) in addition to the yeast cell itself (including culture product and dried product). Here, the yeast extract refers to a product obtained by extracting useful components of yeast by various methods (enzymatic decomposition, hot water extraction, autolysis, etc.) and concentrating them.

[Hydroponic cultivation method]
The hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention uses the above-mentioned nutrient-water component adjuster 1. The hydroponics method will be briefly described below.

  The hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention is characterized in that the plant 20 is grown by immersing the nourishing water component adjuster 1 in the nourishing water 12 for hydroponic cultivation. By using the nutrient solution component adjuster 1, the amount of the component adjuster contained in the container 2 and the component contained in the component adjuster can be appropriately set according to the state of the plant 20. Therefore, according to the hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to prevent problems such as nutritional deficiency of the plant 20 and occurrence of a large amount of water-bloom due to excessive nutrient components in the water supply 12.

  In addition, the nutrient-water component adjuster 1 is a component (polysaccharide, protein, etc.) that decomposes the nutrient water 12 for hydroponic cultivation even when an organic fertilizer using a biological resource as a raw material is used as the component regulator. Can be kept inside. Therefore, according to the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, even when an organic fertilizer is used as the component adjuster, an unpleasant odor is generated due to the decay of the nutrient water 12, and the decay of the nutrient solution 12 causes the plant 20 to grow. You can effectively prevent damage to the roots. Here, when using an organic fertilizer as the component regulator, it is necessary to decompose the organic fertilizer into a form that can be absorbed by plants by microorganisms (yeast or bacteria). Therefore, as the organic fertilizer, one that contains microorganisms or is decomposed in advance is used. In the conventional hydroponic culture, when organic matter is present in the nourishing water 12, it decomposes and causes various problems as described above. Therefore, chemical fertilizers that are considered to have a harmful effect on the human body are mainly used. Has been. However, in the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, since the above-mentioned problems do not occur, it is not necessary to use a chemical fertilizer.

  In addition, in the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, when the plant 20 to be cultivated contains folic acid at a high concentration, the above-mentioned component regulator contains yeast, and the nutrient solution regulator 1 is used during the maturation period of the plant. It is preferable to immerse it in the nourishing water 12 for hydroponic cultivation. The nutrient solution component adjuster 1 using the component regulator containing yeast has the effect of increasing the cultivation efficiency of the plant 20 by setting the time of immersion in the nutrient water 12 for hydroponics as the maturity period of the plant 20 to be cultivated. Can be improved. If the plant 20 to be cultivated is in a stage of immature growth, if the nutrient solution component adjuster 1 is immersed in the nutrient water 12, the plant 20 may be weakened, which may hinder the growth.

  Further, the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, the amount of yeast to be contained in the container 2 and the surface area of the dialysis membrane so that the yeast concentration in the hydroponic water 12 is 0.05 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less. Is preferably adjusted. In the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, the concentration of the yeast in the hydroponic water 12 is 0.05 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less, so that the plant 20 can be grown without inhibiting the growth of the plant 20. It is possible to provide various nutritional components including folic acid contained in yeast. Here, if the yeast concentration is less than 0.05 wt%, the folate content of the plant 20 to be cultivated cannot be sufficiently increased. Further, when the concentration of yeast exceeds 10 wt %, the nutrients are excessively supplied to the plant 20 to be cultivated, and the plant 20 is weakened.

<plant>
The plants 20 grown by using the hydroponic culture component adjuster 1 for hydroponics according to the present invention are mainly edible vegetables, but are not particularly limited. According to the water culture component regulator 1 for hydroponic culture and the hydroponic culture method using the same according to the present invention, a plant to be grown as an ornamental plant in order to prevent the decay of the water 12 and promote the growth of the plant 20. Can also be suitably used.

  From the above, by using the water culture component adjuster 1 for hydroponic culture according to the present invention, anyone can easily and easily achieve high leaf oxidation of the plant 20. Further, according to the hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention, it is possible to grow a plant 20 of stable quality while requiring no facility investment and suppressing running costs.

  As described above, the hydroponics component adjuster for hydroponic culture according to the present invention and the hydroponic cultivation method using the same have been described, and the present invention will be described in more detail below by showing Examples of the present invention. .. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

Examples of the present invention will be described below. Prior to that, the result of confirming the number of days until the desired weight is reached when the lettuce used in this example is hydroponically cultured will be described.
<Confirmation of the number of cultivation days required to reach the weight expected to sell lettuce>
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, "folic acid average content" in the case of performing hydroponic cultivation of lettuce, and when confirming "unpleasant odor", first, the cultivation required to make these confirmations Confirmed the conditions for the number of days.

In this confirmation, frill lettuce was used as a plant for hydroponics. Then, the water used for hydroponics is a mixture of OAT House No. 1 and OAT House No. 2 manufactured by OAT Agrio Co., Ltd. in the A prescription, resulting in an EC value of 2.0 and a pH of 6.0. The water temperature was set to 18°C. The environmental conditions for hydroponically growing lettuce are as follows: the temperature is 21° C., the humidity is 60 to 80%, and the irradiation light amount (PPFD: photosynthetic effective photon flux density) is 120 μmol·m− ² s− ¹ (manufactured by Showa Denko KK). The LED element) and the illumination time were 16 hours.

  Table 1 shows a case where yeast extract was directly contained in the nutrient water prepared under the above-mentioned conditions so that the yeast concentration in the nutrient water was 0.15 wt% (yeast treatment cultivation), and no yeast was contained ( Fig. 3 shows the relationship between the number of days to grow lettuce and the average weight of lettuce in yeast untreated cultivation). Regarding the number of days for cultivation of this lettuce, yeast treatment cultivation shall include yeast treatment for 7 days. Specifically, when the number of days of cultivation is 27 days, 7 days from the 21st day after seeding, and when the number of days of cultivation is 34 days. Was treated for 7 days from the 28th day after seeding and for 7 days from the 34th day after seeding when the number of cultivation days was 40 days. Table 1 also shows, as a reference, the folic acid content of the lettuce according to the number of days of cultivation of the lettuce. The results shown in Table 1 are average values of cultivated lettuce 3 solids, and are values based on fresh weight (FW). Here, the measurement of the amount of folic acid contained in the lettuce was performed using a microorganism quantification method.

  FIG. 3 is a graph of the results obtained in Table 1. From FIG. 3, when the yeast concentration is directly contained in the nutrient water to 0.15 wt% (yeast-treated culture), unlike the case where yeast is not contained (yeast-untreated culture), lettuce of It was confirmed that the folic acid value remained high in the vicinity of the weight (50 g) expected to be sold. From FIG. 3, when the lettuce was cultivated under the above-mentioned conditions, the weight of the lettuce was assumed to be worth selling (50 g), but the seedling was sown regardless of whether yeast was contained in the nutrient water. It was confirmed that it will take about 40 days. Therefore, Example 1 and Example 2 of the present invention under the condition that the number of cultivation days from sowing is 40 days will be described below.

  Based on the above-mentioned confirmation result of the number of cultivation days, in Example 1, hydroponics of lettuce was carried out using the nutrient solution regulator of the present invention, and the folic acid content and hydroponics of the lettuce after 40 days from seeding. The presence or absence of unpleasant odor in the cultivation water was confirmed.

  In Example 1, furyl lettuce was used as a hydroponic plant. Further, in Example 1, the hydroponic water before using the nutrient component adjuster and the environmental conditions for hydroponically growing the lettuce are the same as the conditions shown in the confirmation of the number of cultivation days described above. Therefore, description regarding these is omitted.

  In Example 1, the lettuce was cultivated under the conditions described above, and the folic acid content of the lettuce was measured 40 days after sowing. The measurement of the amount of folic acid contained in the lettuce was performed by using a microorganism quantification method. In addition, in Example 1, the nutrient solution adjuster of the present invention was immersed in the nutrient water for hydroponic culture for 8 days from the 33rd day after seeding. Here, the said nutrient-water component regulator uses the cellulose tube for dialysis (UC27-32-100 by SEKISUI Adia Co., Ltd.) with a molecular weight cutoff of 14000 in the dialysis membrane of the container, and the yeast concentration of the nutrient water in the said container. The yeast extract was contained in an amount of 0.15 wt %.

  Table 2 shows the results obtained by confirming the folic acid content of lettuce cultivated under the above-mentioned conditions and the presence or absence of an unpleasant odor in the nutrient water. Here, the result of the average content of folic acid shown in Table 2 is the average value of lettuce 3 solids, and is shown by the content per fresh weight (FW). In addition, the presence or absence of unpleasant odor in the water was confirmed by a panel of 5 people. When there was an unpleasant odor, "x" was given. When there was no unpleasant odor, "○" was given. Evaluation by panel was decided by majority vote. In addition to Example 1, Table 2 also shows the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

  In Example 2, as in Example 1, lettuce was hydroponically cultivated using the nutrient solution component adjuster of the present invention, and the folic acid content of the lettuce 40 days after seeding and the nutrient for hydroponics. The presence or absence of unpleasant smell of water was confirmed.

  In Example 2, romaine lettuce was used as a plant for hydroponics. In addition, Example 2 is the same as Example 1 except that the same nutrient solution adjuster as in Example 1 was used and the yeast extract was contained in the container in an amount such that the yeast concentration of the nutrient water was 0.2 wt %. Hydroponics was carried out under the conditions. Therefore, a description of conditions for hydroponics is omitted.

  Table 3 shows the results obtained by confirming the folic acid content of lettuce cultivated under the above-mentioned conditions and the presence or absence of an unpleasant odor in the water. Here, the result of the average content of folic acid shown in Table 3 is an average value of lettuce 3 solids and is shown as a content per fresh weight (FW), as in Table 2. Also, regarding the confirmation of the presence or absence of unpleasant odor in the nourishing water, a sensory evaluation was conducted by a panel of 5 persons as in Table 2, and when there was an unpleasant odor, it was marked as “X”, and when there was no unpleasant odor, it was designated as “No”. The evaluation by a panel of 5 people was decided by a majority vote. In addition to Example 2, Table 3 also shows the results of Comparative Examples 3 and 4.

Comparative example

  Hereinafter, Comparative Examples 1 to 4 will be described.

[Comparative Example 1]
In Comparative Example 1, in order to make a comparison with Example 1, when frill lettuce was hydroponically cultivated without using the nutrient solution regulator of the present invention, the folic acid of the lettuce after 40 days from seeding The content and the presence or absence of unpleasant odor in the hydroponic culture water were confirmed. The results of this confirmation are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 1 except that the yeast extract was directly included in the water culture for hydroponics for 8 days from the 33rd day after seeding to make the yeast concentration in the water culture 0.15 wt %. Hydroponics was carried out under the conditions. Therefore, the description of conditions for hydroponics is omitted.
[Comparative example 2]
In Comparative Example 2, as in Comparative Example 1, the folic acid content of the lettuce after 40 days had passed from the time of sowing when hydroponic cultivation of furil lettuce was carried out without using the nutrient solution regulator of the present invention. The presence or absence of an unpleasant odor in the hydroponic water was confirmed. The results of this confirmation are shown in Table 2.

  In Comparative Example 2, hydroponics was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that yeast was not included in the hydroponic water. Therefore, a description of conditions for hydroponics is omitted.

[Comparative Example 3]
In Comparative Example 3, for comparison with Example 2, when the hydroponics of Romaine lettuce was carried out without using the nutrient solution regulator of the present invention, the folic acid content of the lettuce after 40 days from seeding The amount and the presence or absence of unpleasant odor of the hydroponic culture water were confirmed. The results of this confirmation are shown in Table 3.

Comparative Example 3 is the same as Example 2 except that the yeast extract was directly included in the water culture for hydroponic culture for 8 days from the 33rd day after seeding to make the yeast concentration in the water culture 0.2 wt %. Hydroponics was carried out under the conditions. Therefore, the description of conditions for hydroponics is omitted.
[Comparative Example 4]
In Comparative Example 4, similar to Comparative Example 3, when the hydroponics of Romaine lettuce was carried out without using the nutrient solution regulator of the present invention, the folate content and water of the lettuce after 40 days from seeding It was confirmed whether or not there was an unpleasant odor in the nutrient water for cultivation. The results of this confirmation are shown in Table 3.

  In Comparative Example 4, hydroponics was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that yeast was not included in the water culture for hydroponics. Therefore, the description of conditions for hydroponics is omitted.

[Summary]
From Tables 1 and 2, when a hydroponically grown plant was used in the case where the nutrient solution for hydroponics was added to the yeast, the yeast was directly added to this nutrient solution. It was confirmed that there was no significant difference in the folic acid content with the inclusion. Further, when using the water culture component adjuster of the present invention, unpleasant odor does not occur as in the case where yeast is not included in the water culture for hydroponics, so that the water for hydroponics is rotted. It was confirmed that it could be suppressed. From these results, it can be understood that by using the nutrient solution regulator of the present invention, components other than those contributing to high leaf oxidation of the plant can be retained in the container and the nutrient components for hydroponics can be adjusted.

  According to the water culture component adjuster for hydroponic culture and the hydroponic culture method using the same according to the present invention, while maintaining low cost and easy maintenance, while promoting high leaf oxidation of the plant, water Since it is possible to suppress the rotting of the nutrient water for cultivation, it can be suitably used regardless of the scale of cultivation. Further, by adopting the water culture component adjuster for hydroponic cultivation and the hydroponic cultivation method using the same according to the present invention, it becomes possible to stably mass-produce high-quality plants in a plant factory. Therefore, it becomes possible to provide a plant with a high nutritional value to the market at a low price.

1 Water supply component adjuster 2 Container 3 Fastener (container)
10 Hydroponic culture tank 11 Cultivation bed 12 Water culture 20 Plant

Claims (4)

Having a container that contains a component modifier containing at least yeast ,
The container is bag or box body, and, Yomizu component regulator for hydroponics, wherein the molecular weight cut off of at least a portion of its front surface with a 15000 following dialysis membrane. A hydroponic cultivation method comprising growing a plant by immersing the nutrient solution adjuster according to claim 1 in hydroponic water. Hydroponic method of claim 2, the immersion in hydroponics for Yomizu plant the Yomizu component regulator maturity. The hydroponic culture method according to claim 3 , wherein the amount of yeast contained in the container and the surface area of the dialysis membrane are adjusted so that the yeast concentration in the hydroponic water is 0.05 wt% or more and 10 wt% or less. ..

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