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JP6700939B2 - Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and method of manufacturing fixing device - Google Patents
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JP6700939B2 - Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and method of manufacturing fixing device - Google Patents

Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and method of manufacturing fixing device Download PDF

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JP6700939B2
JP6700939B2 JP2016089366A JP2016089366A JP6700939B2 JP 6700939 B2 JP6700939 B2 JP 6700939B2 JP 2016089366 A JP2016089366 A JP 2016089366A JP 2016089366 A JP2016089366 A JP 2016089366A JP 6700939 B2 JP6700939 B2 JP 6700939B2
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nip portion
film
heated
fixing
fixing device
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JP2017198838A (en
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竹田 正美
正美 竹田
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Description

本発明はプリンタ、複写機、ファクシミリ装置等の電子写真方式の画像形成装置に設けられる定着装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a fixing device provided in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a printer, a copying machine, and a facsimile machine.

従来、電子写真方式を用いたプリンタ、複写機、ファクシミリ装置等の画像形成装置では、トナーを現像剤として静電的画像形成手段により記録材上にトナー像を形成する。その後、定着装置によって記録材を加熱及び加圧してトナー像を溶融固着させて画像形成する。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an image forming apparatus such as a printer, a copying machine, and a facsimile apparatus using an electrophotographic method, a toner image is formed on a recording material by electrostatic image forming means using toner as a developer. Thereafter, the recording material is heated and pressed by the fixing device to melt and fix the toner image to form an image.

定着装置には種々の方式があり、図9に示す比較例1のような熱ローラ定着方式の定着装置12が用いられている。図9に示す比較例1の熱ローラ定着方式の定着装置12は、加熱ローラ13と加圧ローラ(加圧部材)14とを有して構成され、両者の定着ニップ部N2で熱定着を行なう。加熱ローラ13は、金属製で円筒形の芯金13cと、該芯金13cの表面に設けられた離型層13bとを有し、円筒形の芯金13cの内部にハロゲンヒータ13aが設けられている。   There are various types of fixing devices, and the fixing device 12 of the heat roller fixing type as in Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 is used. A heat roller fixing type fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 is configured to include a heating roller 13 and a pressure roller (pressure member) 14, and heat fixing is performed at the fixing nip portion N2 of both. .. The heating roller 13 has a metal-made cylindrical metal core 13c and a release layer 13b provided on the surface of the metal core 13c, and a halogen heater 13a is provided inside the cylindrical metal core 13c. ing.

一方、加圧ローラ14は、回転軸14dを有する金属製の芯金14cと、該芯金14c上に設けられた耐熱性ゴム等で構成される弾性層14bと、該弾性層14bの表面に設けられた離型層14aとを有する。定着装置12の温度制御のための温度センサとしては、板ばね材と耐熱テープ等でサーミスタチップを加熱ローラ13の表面に押し当てるサーミスタ13dが用いられている。   On the other hand, the pressure roller 14 includes a metal cored bar 14c having a rotating shaft 14d, an elastic layer 14b formed on the cored bar 14c and made of heat resistant rubber, and a surface of the elastic layer 14b. And the release layer 14a provided. As a temperature sensor for controlling the temperature of the fixing device 12, a thermistor 13d that presses the thermistor chip against the surface of the heating roller 13 with a leaf spring material and a heat-resistant tape is used.

更に、短時間で定着装置12を昇温できる方式を図10(a)に示す比較例2により説明する。図10(a)に示すように、低熱容量で耐熱性の定着フィルム113の内面に接触加熱式のセラミックヒータ15を当接摺動しながら加圧ローラ14と定着ニップ部N2を形成するフィルム加熱型の定着装置12も用いられている。定着フィルム113は、耐熱性樹脂または薄肉金属フィルム等で構成される基層113cの外面上に導電性を有するプライマー層113bを形成し、更に、該プライマー層113bの外面上に離型層113aを形成している。   Further, a method capable of raising the temperature of the fixing device 12 in a short time will be described with reference to Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10A, film heating for forming a pressure roller 14 and a fixing nip portion N2 while sliding a contact heating type ceramic heater 15 against the inner surface of a fixing film 113 having a low heat capacity and heat resistance. A mold fixing device 12 is also used. The fixing film 113 has a conductive primer layer 113b formed on the outer surface of a base layer 113c made of a heat-resistant resin or a thin metal film, and a release layer 113a formed on the outer surface of the primer layer 113b. is doing.

定着フィルム113の内面側には、セラミックヒータ15を保持するホルダ部材を兼ねるガイド部材113dが設けられる。更に、ガイド部材113dの外面上を摺動可能に回転する定着フィルム113を加圧ローラ14に対して均一に加圧するための金属製のステー113eが設けられる。加圧ローラ14は、図9に示して前述した比較例1と同様に構成されている。   On the inner surface side of the fixing film 113, a guide member 113d that also functions as a holder member that holds the ceramic heater 15 is provided. Further, a metallic stay 113e is provided for uniformly pressing the fixing film 113 that slidably rotates on the outer surface of the guide member 113d against the pressing roller 14. The pressure roller 14 is configured similarly to the comparative example 1 shown in FIG. 9 and described above.

セラミックヒータ15は、図10(b)に示すように、通電発熱体15bが形成される。通電発熱体15bは、アルミナ等を材料とするセラミック基板15aの片面側に銀パラジウム(Ag/Pd)を有する。更に、酸化ルテニウム(RuO)を有する。更に、窒化タンタル(Ta2N)等を材質とした帯状パターンから成る。更に、その表面は、保護ガラス15cで覆われている。一方、セラミック基板15aの通電発熱体15bを形成した面とは反対側の面には、温度検知手段としてサーミスタ15dが設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 10B, the ceramic heater 15 is provided with an electric heating element 15b. The energization heating element 15b has silver palladium (Ag/Pd) on one side of the ceramic substrate 15a made of alumina or the like. Further, it has ruthenium oxide (RuO 2 ). Further, it is composed of a band-shaped pattern made of tantalum nitride (Ta2N) or the like. Furthermore, the surface thereof is covered with a protective glass 15c. On the other hand, on the surface of the ceramic substrate 15a opposite to the surface on which the electric heating element 15b is formed, a thermistor 15d is provided as a temperature detecting means.

尚、カラープリンタ等の画像形成装置では、記録材の表面上に形成するトナー層が使用するカラー数分だけ増える。このため定着ニップ部N2で熱と圧力が下層のトナー層に届き難くなる。このため図9及び図10に示す各比較例1、2の定着装置12の加熱ローラ13の離型層13bや定着フィルム113の離型層113aの下層にシリコンゴム層等の耐熱性弾性層を設けてトナー層を包み込んで加熱及び加圧するよう構成される。また、他の定着方式として、図9及び図10に示す各比較例1、2の定着方式以外に、図9に示す比較例1の熱ローラ定着方式の定着装置12の加圧ローラ14側をフィルム回転体で構成した定着装置等も提案されている。   In an image forming apparatus such as a color printer, the number of colors used in the toner layer formed on the surface of the recording material is increased. Therefore, it becomes difficult for heat and pressure to reach the lower toner layer at the fixing nip portion N2. Therefore, a heat-resistant elastic layer such as a silicone rubber layer is provided below the release layer 13b of the heating roller 13 and the release layer 113a of the fixing film 113 of the fixing device 12 of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. It is provided to wrap around the toner layer and apply heat and pressure. As another fixing method, in addition to the fixing methods of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the pressure roller 14 side of the fixing device 12 of the heat roller fixing method of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 is used. A fixing device composed of a film rotating body has also been proposed.

更に、特許文献1に示されたように、図10に示すフィルム加熱方式の定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2のセラミックヒータ15を金属板に置き換える。これをハロゲンヒータ13aにより非接触で集中加熱することで、短時間で定着装置12を昇温できるものも提案されている。   Further, as shown in Patent Document 1, the ceramic heater 15 in the fixing nip portion N2 of the film heating type fixing device 12 shown in FIG. 10 is replaced with a metal plate. It is also proposed that the fixing device 12 can be heated in a short time by centrally heating the halogen heater 13a in a non-contact manner.

図11(a)は、ハロゲンヒータ13aにより非接触で集中加熱するフィルム加熱方式の定着装置12の比較例3の構成を示す断面説明図である。図11(a)に示す定着装置12は、加圧ローラ14を図9及び図10に示して前述した各比較例1、2の加圧ローラ14と同じ構成とし、ヒータとしては、図9に示す熱ローラ方式のハロゲンヒータ13aを用いている。更に、定着回転体としては、図10(a)に示す定着フィルム113と同様に構成される薄肉で金属製の定着フィルム16を用いている。   FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the configuration of Comparative Example 3 of the film heating type fixing device 12 in which non-contact concentrated heating is performed by the halogen heater 13a. In the fixing device 12 shown in FIG. 11A, the pressure roller 14 has the same configuration as the pressure roller 14 of each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described above with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, and the heater shown in FIG. The heat roller type halogen heater 13a shown is used. Further, as the fixing rotator, a thin metal fixing film 16 having the same structure as the fixing film 113 shown in FIG. 10A is used.

また、定着フィルム16を摺動可能に支持するガイド部材18と、金属製の加圧ステー19が設けられる。金属製の加圧ステー19及び内部の電装部品の配線部材等と、定着フィルム16との接触を防止するための上カバーステー17が設けられている。   Further, a guide member 18 for slidably supporting the fixing film 16 and a pressure stay 19 made of metal are provided. An upper cover stay 17 is provided for preventing contact between the fixing film 16 and the metal pressure stay 19 and the wiring members of the electric components inside.

更に、ハロゲンヒータ13aの輻射光を定着ニップ部N2に集中させるために設けられた輻射光の反射部材20と、被加熱部材21を有する。被加熱部材21は、反射部材20で反射された輻射光を受けて昇温加熱する。更に、被加熱部材21は、加圧ローラ14との間で回転移動する定着フィルム16の内面と摺擦しながら定着ニップ部N2を形成する。更に、被加熱部材21のハロゲンヒータ13a側の表面には、ハロゲンヒータ13aからの輻射光の吸収を高めるための黒色塗装層21aが形成されている。   Further, it has a radiant light reflecting member 20 provided to concentrate the radiant light of the halogen heater 13a in the fixing nip portion N2, and a heated member 21. The heated member 21 receives the radiant light reflected by the reflecting member 20 and heats it up. Further, the heated member 21 forms a fixing nip portion N2 while sliding on the inner surface of the fixing film 16 which rotates and moves with the pressure roller 14. Further, on the surface of the heated member 21 on the side of the halogen heater 13a, a black coating layer 21a for increasing absorption of radiant light from the halogen heater 13a is formed.

ここで、図11(a)の右側から記録材7が搬送されて定着ニップ部N2を通過した後、図11(a)の左側に排出される。図11(a)に示す定着装置12では、定着ニップ部N2よりも記録材7の搬送方向下流に向かって定着フィルム16が大幅に張り出す形状となっている。このため定着フィルム16が定着ニップ部N2の前後で水平搬送される領域が長くなり、定着ニップ部N2の定着ニップ幅の割には大きな径を有する定着フィルム16が必要となるが、その要因は以下の通りである。   Here, the recording material 7 is conveyed from the right side of FIG. 11A, passes through the fixing nip portion N2, and is discharged to the left side of FIG. 11A. In the fixing device 12 illustrated in FIG. 11A, the fixing film 16 has a shape that significantly protrudes toward the downstream side of the fixing nip portion N2 in the conveyance direction of the recording material 7. Therefore, the area in which the fixing film 16 is horizontally conveyed before and after the fixing nip portion N2 becomes long, and the fixing film 16 having a large diameter is required for the fixing nip width of the fixing nip portion N2. It is as follows.

図11(b)は、図11(a)に示す定着装置12の内部構成を示す断面説明図である。図12(a)〜(f)は、図11(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12の各構成部品を示す斜視説明図である。図11(b)及び図12(d)に示すように、被加熱部材21の定着ニップ部N2よりも記録材7の搬送方向下流側の端部21dから更に下流側に水平方向に延長された検知部21fが設けられている。   FIG. 11B is a sectional explanatory view showing the internal structure of the fixing device 12 shown in FIG. FIGS. 12A to 12F are perspective explanatory views showing the components of the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIG. 11B. As shown in FIGS. 11B and 12D, the end portion 21d on the downstream side of the fixing nip portion N2 of the heated member 21 in the conveyance direction of the recording material 7 is extended further downstream in the horizontal direction. A detector 21f is provided.

検知部21fの上面に接触式のサーミスタ22aが設けられる。接触式のサーミスタ22aは加圧バネ35の端部が該サーミスタ22aの上面に当接されることより被加熱部材21の検知部21fに対して加圧当接される。加圧バネ35は、ガイド部材18にネジ止めにより固定された上カバーステー17の下面に設けられたバネ支持部17aに一端部が係止されている。   A contact type thermistor 22a is provided on the upper surface of the detection unit 21f. The contact type thermistor 22a is pressed against the detection part 21f of the heated member 21 by the end of the pressing spring 35 contacting the upper surface of the thermistor 22a. One end of the pressure spring 35 is locked to a spring support portion 17a provided on the lower surface of the upper cover stay 17 fixed to the guide member 18 by screws.

図9に示す比較例1の熱ローラ定着方式の定着装置12では加熱ローラ13の表面温度をサーミスタ13dを加熱ローラ13の表面に接触または非接触で検知している。しかし、図11(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12では、加熱ローラ13の代わりに使用した定着フィルム16の剛性不足や位置の不安定性のためにこのような検知方法が使用できない。また、図10(a),(b)に示す比較例2のセラミックヒータ15を用いるフィルム加熱方式の定着装置12のように、セラミックヒータ15の上面にサーミスタ15dを形成することもできない。   In the heat roller fixing type fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 9, the surface temperature of the heating roller 13 is detected by the thermistor 13d in contact or non-contact with the surface of the heating roller 13. However, in the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIG. 11B, such a detecting method cannot be used because of insufficient rigidity of the fixing film 16 used in place of the heating roller 13 and instability of the position. Further, unlike the film heating type fixing device 12 using the ceramic heater 15 of Comparative Example 2 shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the thermistor 15d cannot be formed on the upper surface of the ceramic heater 15.

このため図11(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12では、定着ニップ部N2の温度により近い温度を検知するため、被加熱部材21の定着ニップ部N2よりも記録材7の搬送方向下流に金属板の熱伝導性を利用して検知部21fを設けている。その結果、温度検知スペースを確保するために、被加熱部材21の定着ニップ部N2よりも記録材7の搬送方向下流側の一部である検知部21fを図11(b)の左側に延長させる必要が生じたものである。   For this reason, in the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIG. 11B, since the temperature closer to the temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 is detected, it is downstream of the fixing nip portion N2 of the heated member 21 in the conveying direction of the recording material 7. The detector 21f is provided by utilizing the thermal conductivity of the metal plate. As a result, in order to secure a temperature detection space, the detection portion 21f, which is a part of the heated member 21 on the downstream side in the transport direction of the recording material 7 with respect to the fixing nip portion N2, is extended to the left side in FIG. 11B. The need arises.

図12(a)は、図11(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12に設けられる上カバーステー17の構成を示す斜視説明図である。図12(b)は、ガイド部材18の構成を示す斜視説明図である。図12(c)は、金属製の加圧ステー19の構成を示す斜視説明図である。図12(d)は、反射部材20の構成を示す斜視説明図である。図12(e)は、ハロゲンヒータ13aの構成を示す斜視説明図である。図12(f)は、定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の中央部付近と一端部に配置される一対のサーミスタ22aと、該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の中央部に配置されるサーモスイッチ22bの配置構成及び被加熱部材21の構成を示す斜視説明図である。   FIG. 12A is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the upper cover stay 17 provided in the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIG. 11B. FIG. 12B is a perspective explanatory view showing the structure of the guide member 18. FIG. 12C is an explanatory perspective view showing the structure of the pressure stay 19 made of metal. FIG. 12D is a perspective explanatory view showing the structure of the reflection member 20. FIG. 12E is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the halogen heater 13a. FIG. 12(f) shows a pair of thermistors 22a arranged near the central portion of the fixing nip portion N2 in the longitudinal direction and at one end thereof, and a thermoswitch 22b disposed in the central portion of the fixing nip portion N2 in the longitudinal direction. It is a perspective explanatory view showing arrangement composition and composition of member 21 to be heated.

図12(f)に示すように、被加熱部材21には、一対のサーミスタ22aと、サーモスイッチ22bとがそれぞれ当接される検知部21fが設けられる。該検知部21fは、被加熱部材21の長手方向に沿って定着ニップ部N2よりも記録材7の搬送方向下流に延長された三箇所に設けられる。尚、図12(f)では、図11(a),(b)に示された比較例3の被加熱部材21の上面に設けられた黒色塗装層21aを省略している。   As shown in FIG. 12( f ), the heated member 21 is provided with a detection portion 21 f with which the pair of thermistors 22 a and the thermoswitch 22 b are respectively brought into contact. The detection portions 21f are provided at three locations extending along the longitudinal direction of the heated member 21 downstream of the fixing nip portion N2 in the transport direction of the recording material 7. In FIG. 12F, the black coating layer 21a provided on the upper surface of the heated member 21 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B is omitted.

一対のサーミスタ22aと、サーモスイッチ22bとからなる各温度センサは、図11(b)及び図12(b)に示すガイド部材18の後端ガイド部18aに設けられた三つの角穴18b内に挿入されて各検知部21fの上面に当接される。そして、図11(b)及び図12(a)に示す上カバーステー17のバネ支持部17aに一端部が係止された加圧バネ35の他端部が一対のサーミスタ22aと、サーモスイッチ22bとからなる各温度センサの上面に当接する。そして、各加圧バネ35の付勢力により各一対のサーミスタ22aと、サーモスイッチ22bとからなる各温度センサの下面が各検知部21fの上面に圧接される。   Each temperature sensor consisting of a pair of thermistors 22a and a thermo switch 22b is installed in three square holes 18b provided in the rear end guide portion 18a of the guide member 18 shown in FIGS. 11(b) and 12(b). It is inserted and brought into contact with the upper surface of each detection portion 21f. Then, the other end portion of the pressure spring 35 whose one end is locked to the spring support portion 17a of the upper cover stay 17 shown in FIGS. 11B and 12A has a pair of thermistors 22a and the thermoswitch 22b. And abutting on the upper surface of each temperature sensor. Then, the lower surface of each temperature sensor including the pair of thermistors 22a and the thermoswitch 22b is pressed against the upper surface of each detection portion 21f by the biasing force of each pressure spring 35.

図11(a),(b)の比較例3に示すように、ハロゲンヒータ13aにより非接触で金属板を集中加熱するフィルム加熱方式の定着装置12は、定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の温度差が比較的大きくなり難い。更に、温度差を生じてもニップ部周辺部材の破損を招き難く且つ定着温度の立ち上がりが速いという優位性を有する。   As shown in Comparative Example 3 of FIGS. 11A and 11B, the film heating type fixing device 12 that centrally heats the metal plate in a non-contact manner by the halogen heater 13a has a temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2. Is relatively difficult to grow. Further, even if a temperature difference occurs, the peripheral members of the nip portion are less likely to be damaged and the fixing temperature rises quickly.

特開2012−212066号公報JP, 2012-212066, A

しかしながら、特許文献1の技術では、ハロゲンヒータ13aからの輻射光を受けて定着ニップ部N2を加熱する被加熱部材21は、熱伝達距離が短く、熱容量も少ない薄い金属板を使用する必要がある。熱伝達距離が短いと該定着ニップ部N2の定着温度の立ち上がり時間tを速くすることができる。更に、薄い板厚でも高い定着加圧力に耐え得る剛性が高い金属材料を使用する必要がある。   However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, the heated member 21 that heats the fixing nip portion N2 by receiving the radiant light from the halogen heater 13a needs to use a thin metal plate having a short heat transfer distance and a small heat capacity. .. When the heat transfer distance is short, the rise time t of the fixing temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 can be shortened. Further, it is necessary to use a metal material having high rigidity that can withstand a high fixing pressure even with a thin plate thickness.

被加熱部材21の剛性を重視する場合、金属板といえども必ずしも熱伝導性が高い材料になるとは限らない。実際の製品でも、比較的剛性は高いものの熱伝導性が劣るステンレス製の被加熱部材21(例えば、板厚が0.65mmのSUS304等)が使用されている。   When importance is attached to the rigidity of the heated member 21, even a metal plate is not always a material having high thermal conductivity. Even in an actual product, a heated member 21 (for example, SUS304 having a plate thickness of 0.65 mm) made of stainless steel having relatively high rigidity but poor thermal conductivity is used.

定着ニップ部N2における周辺部材への熱伝導性の良否については該定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性にかかわるハロゲンヒータ13aから定着ニップ部N2の加圧方向への熱伝達性が重要である。更に、該定着ニップ部N2に記録材7の幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が連続して通過する際に該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向において、記録材7に熱を奪われる部分と、記録材7に熱を奪われない部分が生じる際の、長手方向温度ムラも重要である。   Regarding the quality of heat conductivity to the peripheral members in the fixing nip portion N2, heat transfer from the halogen heater 13a related to the rising characteristics until the fixing nip portion N2 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature in the pressing direction of the fixing nip portion N2. Sex is important. Further, in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 when the recording material 7 having a small width in the width direction of the recording material 7 continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2, heat is absorbed by the recording material 7 in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2. The temperature unevenness in the longitudinal direction is also important when the recording material 7 has a portion where heat is not taken away.

定着ニップ部N2の長手方向において温度差が生じ、記録材7に熱を奪われない部分で該定着ニップ部N2の周辺部材の耐熱温度を超えないように該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向における温度差を緩和する性能にも大きく影響するからである。   A temperature difference occurs in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2, and the temperature in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 is set so that the heat resistance temperature of the peripheral members of the fixing nip portion N2 is not exceeded in a portion where heat is not absorbed by the recording material 7. This is because it greatly affects the performance of relaxing the difference.

図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の被加熱部材21として、熱伝導率の低いステンレスを使用する場合がある。その場合には、ハロゲンヒータ13aから定着ニップ部N2に向かう方向への所望の熱伝達時間が被加熱部材21の板厚を薄くすることで得られる。しかし、該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向における温度差については、図10(a)に示すセラミックヒータ15を用いた場合の性能よりも高くならないことが判明した。   As the heated member 21 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, stainless steel having low thermal conductivity may be used. In that case, a desired heat transfer time in the direction from the halogen heater 13a toward the fixing nip portion N2 can be obtained by reducing the plate thickness of the heated member 21. However, it has been found that the temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 is not higher than the performance when the ceramic heater 15 shown in FIG. 10A is used.

図3は横軸に定着ニップ部N2の長手方向位置、縦軸に定着ニップ部N2の温度を表して通紙後の定着ニップ部N2の長手方向温度分布特性を示したグラフである。ここに示す二つの曲線のうち、細い温度曲線a1は、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着ニップ部N2近傍の定着フィルム16の長手方向における温度分布を測定したものである。図11(a),(b)において、ハロゲンヒータ13aにより非接触で集中加熱する従来のフィルム加熱方式の定着装置12に対し、通紙方向下流側の定着ニップ部N2近傍の定着フィルム16の長手方向における温度分布である。   FIG. 3 is a graph showing the longitudinal temperature distribution characteristics of the fixing nip portion N2 after passing the paper, with the horizontal axis representing the longitudinal position of the fixing nip portion N2 and the vertical axis representing the temperature of the fixing nip portion N2. Of the two curves shown here, the thin temperature curve a1 is obtained by measuring the temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction of the fixing film 16 in the vicinity of the fixing nip portion N2 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b). is there. 11A and 11B, the length of the fixing film 16 in the vicinity of the fixing nip portion N2 on the downstream side in the sheet passing direction is different from that of the conventional film heating type fixing device 12 that centrally heats non-contactly by the halogen heater 13a. It is the temperature distribution in the direction.

ここで、定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の中央部に、温度分布差を招き易い記録材7として、幅方向が特に細く、通紙部で紙の熱を奪い易い厚さを有する紙を使用している。具体的には、通常使用する紙種の中で特に厚くて幅の細いCOM10封筒(104.8mm×241.3mm)を用いて検証した結果を示したものである。   Here, as the recording material 7 that tends to cause a temperature distribution difference in the longitudinal center of the fixing nip portion N2, a paper having a particularly narrow width direction and a thickness that easily absorbs heat of the paper at the paper passing portion is used. ing. Specifically, it shows the results of verification using a COM10 envelope (104.8 mm×241.3 mm) that is particularly thick and narrow among the types of paper that are normally used.

この検証実験では、LTR(letter;レター)サイズ(約216mm×約279mm)サイズの普通紙の記録材7を用いた場合、一分間に40枚の印刷が可能な画像形成装置34を使用している。ここでは、定着ニップ部N2の定着温度を170℃に設定し、COM10封筒を10枚連続して定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の中央部を通過させた後、その直後の定着ニップ部N2の近辺の長手方向における温度分布を熱画像カメラを用いて観察している。   In this verification experiment, when an LTR (letter) size (about 216 mm×about 279 mm) size plain recording material 7 is used, an image forming apparatus 34 capable of printing 40 sheets per minute is used. There is. Here, the fixing temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 is set to 170° C., 10 COM10 envelopes are continuously passed through the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2, and then immediately after the fixing nip portion N2. The temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction of is observed using a thermal image camera.

図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の被加熱部材21は、図10(a),(b)に示す比較例2のセラミックヒータ15よりも熱ストレスに強い金属板を用いている。とはいえ、図3に示すように、幅の狭い記録材7が定着ニップ部N2を通過すると、該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向に温度差が生じる。更に連続通紙すると、定着ニップ部N2の定着温度が170℃に対して定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の両端部の温度差ΔTbが90℃程度高い温度まで昇温することが分かる。   The heated member 21 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B uses a metal plate that is more resistant to thermal stress than the ceramic heater 15 of Comparative Example 2 shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. There is. However, as shown in FIG. 3, when the recording material 7 having a narrow width passes through the fixing nip portion N2, a temperature difference occurs in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2. It can be seen that, when the paper is further continuously fed, the fixing temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 rises to about 170° C., and the temperature difference ΔTb between both ends in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 rises by about 90° C.

図10(a)に示す比較例2、及び図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3のようなフィルム加熱方式の定着装置12では、定着ニップ部N2の周辺部材の耐熱温度等の制約から該定着ニップ部N2の周辺温度を250℃以下に抑えることが好ましい。特に、カラープリンタ等では、定着フィルム16,113にゴム層を設ける必要性があり、該ゴム層の耐熱温度によっては、定着ニップ部N2の周辺温度を220℃以下に抑える必要がある。   In the film heating type fixing device 12 such as Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG. 10A and Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the heat resistance temperature of the peripheral members of the fixing nip portion N2, etc. Due to restrictions, it is preferable to suppress the ambient temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 to 250° C. or lower. Particularly, in a color printer or the like, it is necessary to provide a rubber layer on the fixing films 16 and 113, and depending on the heat resistant temperature of the rubber layer, it is necessary to suppress the ambient temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 to 220° C. or less.

しかしながら、図3及び図6(b)に示す比較例3の温度曲線a1のように、定着ニップ部N2の長手方向端部の昇温が大きくなる場合がある。そのような場合には、記録材7の搬送速度を下げたり、先行する記録材7と、その直後に後続する記録材7との間隔を長くして印刷の生産性を大幅に低下させる必要があった。   However, as in the temperature curve a1 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 3 and 6B, the temperature increase at the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 may be large. In such a case, it is necessary to reduce the conveyance speed of the recording material 7 or to lengthen the interval between the preceding recording material 7 and the recording material 7 immediately following the recording material 7 to significantly reduce the printing productivity. there were.

本発明は前記課題を解決するものであり、その目的とするところは、定着ニップ部の長手方向の温度差を緩和する定着装置を提供するものである。   The present invention solves the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fixing device that alleviates the temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion.

前記目的を達成するための本発明に係る定着装置の第1の構成は、筒状のフィルムと、前記フィルムに内包されたヒータと、前記フィルムの外面と接触する加圧部材と、前記フィルムの内面と接触し前記加圧部材と共にニップ部を形成するニップ部形成部材と、を有し、前記ニップ部で画像が形成された記録材を搬送しながら加熱して前記画像を記録材に定着する定着装置において、前記ニップ部形成部材は、前記ヒータからの輻射熱によって加熱される被加熱部材と、前記フィルムの内面に接触摺動する摺動部材と、前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材との間に設けられ、面方向の熱伝導性が厚み方向の熱伝導性よりも高い熱伝導部材と、を有し、前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の前記フィルムの回転方向の上流側端部と下流側端部とが密着していることを特徴とする。 A first configuration of a fixing device according to the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a tubular film, a heater included in the film, a pressure member that comes into contact with an outer surface of the film, and a film. A nip portion forming member that contacts an inner surface and forms a nip portion together with the pressure member, and heats the recording material on which an image is formed in the nip portion while conveying the recording material to fix the image on the recording material. In the fixing device, the nip portion forming member includes a heated member heated by radiant heat from the heater, a sliding member that contacts and slides on an inner surface of the film, and the heated member and the sliding member. provided between, have a, and high thermal conductivity member than the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductivity thickness direction of the plane direction, the upstream end of the rotating direction of the film of the slide member and the member to be heated And the downstream end portion are in close contact with each other .

本発明によれば、定着ニップ部の長手方向の温度差を緩和することが出来る。   According to the present invention, the temperature difference in the fixing nip portion in the longitudinal direction can be reduced.

本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置の構成を示す断面説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an image forming apparatus including a fixing device according to the present invention. (a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第1実施形態の構成を示す断面説明図である。(b)は、第1実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the configuration of the first embodiment of the fixing device according to the present invention. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the first embodiment. 第1実施形態の定着装置と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置とで、定着ニップ部の長手方向の温度差を比較した図である。FIG. 12 is a diagram comparing the temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion between the fixing device of the first embodiment and the fixing device of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. (a)は、第1実施形態の定着装置と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置とで、定着ニップ部が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性を比較した図である。(b)は、第1実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材により定着ニップ部の温度が立ち上がる際の前半の伝熱経路を説明する断面説明図である。(c)は、第1実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材により定着ニップ部の温度が立ち上がる際の後半の伝熱経路を説明する断面説明図である。11A is a comparison of the rising characteristics of the fixing device of the first embodiment and the fixing device of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B until the fixing nip reaches a predetermined fixing temperature. FIG. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional explanatory view illustrating the first half heat transfer path when the temperature of the fixing nip portion rises by the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram illustrating a heat transfer path in the latter half when the temperature of the fixing nip portion rises by the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the first embodiment. (a)は、第1実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材に設けられる摺動部材側にグラファイトシート収納用の溝部を設けた一例を示す断面説明図である。(b)は、第1実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材に設けられる被加熱部材側にグラファイトシート収納用の溝部を設けた一例を示す断面説明図である。(c)は、第1実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材に設けられる被加熱部材の端部と接する反射部材のフランジ部と加圧ステーとの間に断熱材を追加した一例を示す断面説明図である。FIG. 7A is a sectional explanatory view showing an example in which a groove for accommodating a graphite sheet is provided on a sliding member side provided in a nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the first embodiment. FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing an example in which a groove for accommodating a graphite sheet is provided on the heated member side provided in the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the first embodiment. (C) is an example in which a heat insulating material is added between the pressure stay and the flange portion of the reflecting member in contact with the end portion of the heated member provided in the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the first embodiment. It is a section explanatory view shown. (a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第2実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。(b)は、第2実施形態の定着装置と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置とで、定着ニップ部の長手方向の温度差を比較した図である。(c)は、第2実施形態の定着装置と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置とで、定着ニップ部が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性を比較した図である。FIG. 6A is a sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the second embodiment of the fixing device according to the present invention. 11B is a diagram comparing the temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion between the fixing device of the second embodiment and the fixing device of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. 11C is a comparison of the rising characteristics of the fixing device of the second embodiment and the fixing device of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B until the fixing nip reaches a predetermined fixing temperature. FIG. (a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第3実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。(b)は、第3実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材に設けられる被加熱部材の構成を示す斜視説明図である。FIG. 6A is a sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a nip forming member provided in an upper fixing unit of a third embodiment of a fixing device according to the present invention. FIG. 7B is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of a heated member provided in the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the third embodiment. (a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第4実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。(b)は、第4実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材に設けられる被加熱部材の構成を示す斜視説明図である。FIG. 9A is a sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a nip forming member provided in an upper fixing unit of a fourth embodiment of the fixing device according to the present invention. FIG. 13B is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of a heated member provided in the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the fourth embodiment. 熱ローラ方式の定着装置の比較例の構成を示す断面説明図である。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of a comparative example of a heat roller type fixing device. (a)は、フィルム加熱方式の定着装置の比較例の構成を示す断面説明図である。(b)は、(a)に示すフィルム加熱方式の定着装置に設けられるセラミックヒータの構成を示す断面説明図である。FIG. 6A is a sectional explanatory view showing a configuration of a comparative example of a film heating type fixing device. (B) is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the ceramic heater provided in the fixing device of the film heating system shown to (a). (a),(b)は、ハロゲンヒータにより非接触で集中加熱するフィルム加熱方式の定着装置の比較例の構成を示す断面説明図である。(A), (b) is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the comparative example of the film heating type fixing device which non-contact intensively heats with a halogen heater. (a)は、図11(b)に示す上カバーステーの構成を示す斜視説明図である。(b)は、図11(b)に示すガイド部材の構成を示す斜視説明図である。(c)は、図11(b)に示す加圧ステーの構成を示す斜視説明図である。(d)は、図11(b)に示す反射部材の構成を示す斜視説明図である。(e)は、図11(b)に示すハロゲンヒータの構成を示す斜視説明図である。(f)は、図11(b)に示す被加熱部材の構成を示す。更に、該被加熱部材に設けられた検知部に対応して定着ニップ部の長手方向の中央部近傍と一端部にそれぞれ配置した一対のサーミスタと、該定着ニップ部の長手方向の中央部に配置したサーモスイッチの配置構成を示す斜視説明図である。FIG. 11A is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the upper cover stay shown in FIG. 11B. 11B is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the guide member shown in FIG. 11B. FIG. 11C is an explanatory perspective view showing the structure of the pressure stay shown in FIG. 11B. FIG. 11D is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the reflection member shown in FIG. 11B. FIG. 11E is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the halogen heater shown in FIG. 11B. 11F shows the structure of the heated member shown in FIG. 11B. Further, a pair of thermistors respectively arranged near the longitudinal center and one end of the fixing nip portion corresponding to the detection portion provided on the heated member, and a pair of thermistors arranged at the longitudinal center of the fixing nip portion. It is a perspective explanatory view showing the arrangement configuration of the thermo switch.

図により本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置の一実施形態を具体的に説明する。   An embodiment of an image forming apparatus including a fixing device according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.

先ず、図1〜図5を用いて本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置の第1実施形態の構成について説明する。   First, the configuration of the first embodiment of the image forming apparatus including the fixing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<画像形成装置>
図1は、本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置34として、記録材7に画像を形成する電子写真方式のモノクロプリンタの一例を示す断面説明図である。図1において、帯電手段となる帯電ローラ1により図1の矢印α方向に回転駆動される像担持体となる感光ドラム2の表面を所定の極性に一様に帯電させる。その後、像露光手段となるレーザスキャナ3により画像情報に応じたレーザ光3aを一様に帯電した感光ドラム2の表面に照射して露光した領域のみを除電して該感光ドラム2の表面上に静電潜像を形成する。
<Image forming device>
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing an example of an electrophotographic monochrome printer that forms an image on a recording material 7 as an image forming apparatus 34 including a fixing device according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, the surface of a photosensitive drum 2 that serves as an image carrier that is rotationally driven in the direction of arrow α in FIG. After that, the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 that is uniformly charged by irradiating the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 that is uniformly charged with laser light 3a corresponding to image information is discharged by a laser scanner 3 that serves as an image exposure unit, and the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 is discharged. Form an electrostatic latent image.

感光ドラム2の表面上に形成された静電潜像は、現像装置4の現像剤容器11内に収容された現像剤となるトナー5を現像ブレード4aと、現像剤担持体となる現像スリーブ4bとの間で、感光ドラム2の表面と同極性に摩擦帯電させる。   The electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 has toner 5 as a developer contained in the developer container 11 of the developing device 4, a developing blade 4a, and a developing sleeve 4b as a developer carrying member. And the same polarity as that of the surface of the photosensitive drum 2.

その後、該感光ドラム2の表面と、現像スリーブ4bとが対向する現像部に搬送して直流バイアスと、交流バイアスとを重畳した現像バイアス電圧を現像スリーブ4bに印加する。その際に生成される電界作用によって現像スリーブ4bの表面に担持されたトナー5を浮遊振動させて感光ドラム2の表面に供給してトナー像として現像される。感光ドラム2の表面上に選択付着させて形成されたトナー像は、感光ドラム2の図1の矢印h方向の回転により転写手段となる転写ローラ6と感光ドラム2とにより形成される転写ニップ部N1まで搬送される。   After that, the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 and the developing sleeve 4b are conveyed to a developing portion where they oppose each other, and a developing bias voltage in which a DC bias and an AC bias are superimposed is applied to the developing sleeve 4b. The toner 5 carried on the surface of the developing sleeve 4b is floatingly vibrated by the action of the electric field generated at that time and supplied to the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 to be developed as a toner image. The toner image formed by selectively adhering to the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 is a transfer nip portion formed by the transfer roller 6 serving as transfer means and the photosensitive drum 2 by rotation of the photosensitive drum 2 in the direction of arrow h in FIG. It is transported to N1.

尚、現像装置4による現像方法としては、前述した非接触方式の現像方法の他に以下のような方式がある。即ち、現像剤担持体として弾性を有する現像ローラを感光ドラム2の表面に接触させながら該現像ローラに直流バイアス電圧を印加する。そして、該現像ローラの表面に担持されたトナー5を感光ドラム2の表面上の静電潜像が形成された部位に選択的に付着させる接触方式の現像方法も適用可能である。   As a developing method by the developing device 4, there are the following methods in addition to the non-contact developing method described above. That is, a DC bias voltage is applied to the developing roller while keeping the developing roller having elasticity as a developer carrier in contact with the surface of the photosensitive drum 2. A contact-type developing method in which the toner 5 carried on the surface of the developing roller is selectively adhered to the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 where the electrostatic latent image is formed is also applicable.

一方、トナー像が形成される紙等の記録材7は、給送トレイ7aから給送ローラ7cと、分離ローラ7fとにより一枚ずつ分離給送される。その後、搬送ローラ7dにより挟持搬送され、記録材7の先端部が一旦停止したレジストローラ7eのニップ部に突き当たって該記録材7の腰の強さにより斜行が補正される。   On the other hand, the recording material 7 such as paper on which the toner image is formed is separated and fed one by one from the feeding tray 7a by the feeding roller 7c and the separating roller 7f. After that, the recording material 7 is nipped and conveyed by the conveyance roller 7d, and the leading end of the recording material 7 abuts on the nip portion of the registration roller 7e that has once stopped and the skew of the recording material 7 is corrected by the stiffness of the recording material 7.

その後、所定のタイミングでレジストローラ7eが回転駆動されて記録材7は該レジストローラ7eにより挟持搬送され、転写ガイド9に沿って予め規定された進入角度で感光ドラム2と転写ローラ6とにより形成される転写ニップ部N1まで搬送される。レジストローラ7eと転写ガイド9との間には、画像形成装置34の本体フレームに接地Gされた除電ブラシ8が設けられている。レジストローラ7eにより挟持されて転写ニップ部N1まで搬送される記録材7の裏面側に除電ブラシ8が接触して徐電し、該記録材7の不要な帯電を取り除く。   After that, the registration roller 7e is rotationally driven at a predetermined timing, the recording material 7 is nipped and conveyed by the registration roller 7e, and is formed by the photosensitive drum 2 and the transfer roller 6 along the transfer guide 9 at a predetermined approach angle. The transfer nip portion N1 is conveyed. Between the registration roller 7e and the transfer guide 9, a static elimination brush 8 which is grounded to the body frame of the image forming apparatus 34 is provided. The static elimination brush 8 contacts the back surface side of the recording material 7 which is nipped by the registration rollers 7e and conveyed to the transfer nip portion N1 to gradually reduce the electric charge, thereby removing unnecessary charging of the recording material 7.

転写ニップ部N1では、記録材7の裏面側の転写ローラ6にトナー5と逆極性の転写バイアス電圧を印加し、該記録材7の裏面をトナー5と逆極性に帯電する。これにより感光ドラム2の表面上に形成されたトナー像を記録材7側に静電的に引き付けて移動させ、記録材7の表面にトナー像を保持し続ける。   In the transfer nip portion N1, a transfer bias voltage having a polarity opposite to that of the toner 5 is applied to the transfer roller 6 on the back surface side of the recording material 7 to charge the back surface of the recording material 7 to a polarity opposite to the toner 5. As a result, the toner image formed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 is electrostatically attracted and moved to the recording material 7 side, and the toner image is continuously held on the surface of the recording material 7.

トナー像が転写された記録材7は、定着上ユニット12aと、加圧部材となる加圧ローラ14とにより構成される定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2まで搬送される。定着ニップ部N2では、予め設定されている定着温度を保持するように定着上ユニット12a側に設けられた図示しない定温制御手段によって輻射発熱体となるハロゲンヒータ13aが定温制御される。そして、筒状のフィルムからなる定着フィルム16と、加圧ローラ14とにより挟持搬送されるトナー像が形成された記録材7を加熱及び加圧することでトナー像が熱溶融して記録材7に熱定着される。   The recording material 7 to which the toner image has been transferred is conveyed to the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 including the upper fixing unit 12a and the pressure roller 14 serving as a pressure member. In the fixing nip portion N2, the halogen heater 13a serving as a radiant heating element is subjected to constant temperature control by a constant temperature control unit (not shown) provided on the upper fixing unit 12a side so as to maintain a preset fixing temperature. Then, by heating and pressurizing the recording material 7 having the toner image formed thereon, which is nipped and conveyed by the fixing film 16 made of a tubular film and the pressure roller 14, the toner image is melted by heat and is recorded on the recording material 7. Heat fixed.

記録材7にトナー像が転写された後の感光ドラム2の表面には、極性の異なるトナー5等の付着物が僅かに残る。このため転写ニップ部N1を通過した後の感光ドラム2の表面は以下のように処理される。即ち、クリーニング手段として感光ドラム2の表面に該感光ドラム2の回転方向に対して対向する方向(カウンタ方向)に当接されるクリーニングブレード10aによって付着物が掻き落とされる。そして、クリーニング容器10内に回収される。その後、次の画像形成に備えて待機する。   After the toner image is transferred onto the recording material 7, a slight amount of adhered matter such as the toner 5 having a different polarity remains on the surface of the photosensitive drum 2. Therefore, the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 after passing through the transfer nip portion N1 is processed as follows. That is, the cleaning blade 10a, which contacts the surface of the photosensitive drum 2 in a direction (counter direction) facing the rotation direction of the photosensitive drum 2 as a cleaning unit, scrapes off the adhering substances. Then, it is collected in the cleaning container 10. Then, it stands by for the next image formation.

一方、手差しトレイ7b上に載置された記録材7は、給送ローラ7gにより繰り出され、前述したと同様に所定のタイミングでレジストローラ7eにより挟持搬送されて画像形成動作が行われる。図1に示す画像形成装置34は、単色のトナー5を用いて画像形成を行う場合の構成である。他に、複数のカラーのトナー5を用いるカラープリンタの場合には、一つの感光ドラム2の表面上に複数のカラートナー像を現像したり、複数のカラーのトナー5の数に応じた数の複数の感光ドラム2を用いて記録材7に重畳して画像形成を行う。   On the other hand, the recording material 7 placed on the manual feed tray 7b is fed by the feeding roller 7g, and is nipped and conveyed by the registration roller 7e at a predetermined timing in the same manner as described above to perform the image forming operation. The image forming apparatus 34 shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which an image is formed using the monochromatic toner 5. In addition, in the case of a color printer using a plurality of color toners 5, a plurality of color toner images are developed on the surface of one photosensitive drum 2, or a number corresponding to the number of the plurality of color toners 5 is used. An image is formed by superposing on the recording material 7 using a plurality of photosensitive drums 2.

カラープリンタにおける転写方式としては、中間転写ベルトの外面上に多重転写した後に一括して記録材7に二次転写する方式や記録材7を転写ベルト上に吸着搬送しながら記録材7に多重転写する方式などがある。何れの転写方式においても転写された記録材7上のトナー像を固定するためには、トナー5を加熱及び加圧して記録材7上に固着する定着装置12を介して最終的に印刷を終える点は共通である。   As a transfer method in a color printer, a method in which multiple transfer is performed on the outer surface of the intermediate transfer belt and then secondary transfer is collectively performed on the recording material 7, or multiple transfer is performed on the recording material 7 while adsorbing and transporting the recording material 7 onto the transfer belt There is a method to do. In any of the transfer methods, in order to fix the transferred toner image on the recording material 7, the toner 5 is heated and pressed to finish the printing through the fixing device 12 that is fixed on the recording material 7. The points are common.

<定着上ユニット>
図2(a)は、本実施形態の定着装置12に設けられるハロゲンヒータ式のフィルム加熱定着装置の定着上ユニット12aの構成を示す断面説明図である。図2(a)に示すように、定着上ユニット12aは以下の通り構成される。定着上ユニット12aは、上カバーステー17と、ガイド部材18と、加圧ステー19と、反射部材20と、ハロゲンヒータ13a(ヒータ)とを有する。更に定着上ユニット12aは、ニップ部形成部材12bと、定着フィルム16と、図示しない温度センサ等を有して構成される。
<Fixing upper unit>
FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the configuration of the upper fixing unit 12a of the halogen heater type film heating and fixing device provided in the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2A, the upper fixing unit 12a is configured as follows. The upper fixing unit 12a includes an upper cover stay 17, a guide member 18, a pressure stay 19, a reflecting member 20, and a halogen heater 13a (heater). Further, the upper fixing unit 12a is configured to include a nip portion forming member 12b, a fixing film 16, and a temperature sensor (not shown).

ハロゲンヒータ13a(ヒータ)は、定着フィルム16に内包される。ニップ部形成部材12bは、定着フィルム16の内面と接触し、加圧ローラ14と共に定着ニップ部N2を形成する。加圧ローラ14は、定着フィルム16の外面と接触する。図2(b)は、本実施形態の定着上ユニット12aに設けられるニップ部形成部材12bの構成を示す断面説明図である。尚、各図面は、説明を分かり易くするための模式図であり、図中の各部品の厚さ比等は、実際の数値の大小関係とは必ずしも一致するものではない。   The halogen heater 13 a (heater) is included in the fixing film 16. The nip portion forming member 12b contacts the inner surface of the fixing film 16 and forms the fixing nip portion N2 together with the pressure roller 14. The pressure roller 14 contacts the outer surface of the fixing film 16. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the configuration of the nip portion forming member 12b provided in the upper fixing unit 12a of the present embodiment. It should be noted that each drawing is a schematic diagram for facilitating the understanding of the description, and the thickness ratio of each component in the drawing does not necessarily match the actual numerical relationship.

図1及び図2(a)に示す定着装置12は、可撓性を有して図2(a)の矢印f方向に回転可能な筒状のフィルムとなる定着フィルム16を有する。更に、該定着フィルム16の内側に配置されたハロゲンヒータ13a(ヒータ)を有する。更に、該定着フィルム16の外側に配置された加圧部材となる加圧ローラ14を有する。更に、該定着フィルム16の内面と摺動可能に配置され、ハロゲンヒータ13a(ヒータ)からの輻射熱を受けるニップ部形成部材12bとを有して構成される。該ニップ部形成部材12bと、加圧ローラ14(加圧部材)との間に定着フィルム16(フィルム)を挟んで該ニップ部形成部材12bを加圧して定着ニップ部N2を形成する。   The fixing device 12 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A has a fixing film 16 which is a tubular film which is flexible and rotatable in the direction of the arrow f in FIG. 2A. Further, it has a halogen heater 13a (heater) arranged inside the fixing film 16. Further, the pressure roller 14 is provided outside the fixing film 16 and serves as a pressure member. Further, the fixing film 16 is slidably arranged on the inner surface of the fixing film 16 and has a nip portion forming member 12b which receives radiant heat from the halogen heater 13a (heater). The fixing film 16 (film) is sandwiched between the nip portion forming member 12b and the pressure roller 14 (pressure member) to press the nip portion forming member 12b to form the fixing nip portion N2.

<ニップ部形成部材>
ニップ部形成部材12bは、図2(b)に示すように、ハロゲンヒータ13a(ヒータ)からの輻射熱を受ける被加熱部材21を有する。更に、該被加熱部材21の定着ニップ部N2側(定着ニップ部側)の表面に密着して面方向に金属の熱伝導率よりも高い熱伝導率を有する熱伝導部材となるグラファイトシート23を有する。
<Nip part forming member>
As shown in FIG. 2B, the nip portion forming member 12b has a heated member 21 that receives radiant heat from the halogen heater 13a (heater). Further, a graphite sheet 23, which is in close contact with the surface of the heated member 21 on the fixing nip portion N2 side (fixing nip portion side) and serves as a heat conducting member having a heat conductivity higher than that of metal in the surface direction, is provided. Have.

更に、ニップ部形成部材12bは、該グラファイトシート23の定着ニップ部N2側の表面に密着する摺動部材24とを有して構成される。摺動部材24は、定着ニップ部N2の上下流両端部で被加熱部材21の表面に接触して被加熱部材21以上の熱伝導性を有し、定着フィルム16(フィルム)の内面に接触摺動可能に設けられる。本実施形態で使用されるグラファイトシート23の厚さは760μmである。   Further, the nip portion forming member 12b is configured to have a sliding member 24 that comes into close contact with the surface of the graphite sheet 23 on the fixing nip portion N2 side. The sliding member 24 comes into contact with the surface of the heated member 21 at both the upstream and downstream ends of the fixing nip portion N2 and has thermal conductivity higher than that of the heated member 21, and slides on the inner surface of the fixing film 16 (film). It is movably provided. The graphite sheet 23 used in this embodiment has a thickness of 760 μm.

更に図2(b)に示すように、被加熱部材21と、高熱伝導性を有する摺動部材24の記録材7の搬送方向上流側の各端部21c,24aと搬送方向下流側の各端部21d,24bは平坦部21e,24cに対して図2(b)の上方向に折り曲げられている。   Further, as shown in FIG. 2B, the heated member 21 and the end portions 21c and 24a of the sliding member 24 having high thermal conductivity on the upstream side in the transport direction of the recording material 7 and the respective ends on the downstream side in the transport direction. The parts 21d and 24b are bent upward in FIG. 2B with respect to the flat parts 21e and 24c.

折り曲げられた被加熱部材21の端部21c,21dの外面と、摺動部材24の端部24a,24bの内面とは強固に密着加工されている。これによって被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24の定着フィルム16(フィルム)の図2(a)の矢印f方向で示す回転方向の上流側端部21c,24aと、下流側端部21d,24bは各界面において金属同士の高い熱伝導性で接続されている。   The bent outer surfaces of the end portions 21c and 21d of the heated member 21 and the inner surfaces of the end portions 24a and 24b of the sliding member 24 are firmly adhered to each other. As a result, the heated member 21, the upstream end portions 21c and 24a, and the downstream end portions 21d and 24b of the fixing film 16 (film) of the sliding member 24 in the rotation direction shown by the arrow f direction in FIG. Are connected to each other with high thermal conductivity between metals at each interface.

また、定着ニップ部N2の位置に対応する被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との間のグラファイトシート23は、端部21c,21d,24a,24bの折り曲げ部の近辺まで可能な限り広い領域に亘って設けられている。端部21c,21d,24a,24bは、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との定着ニップ部N2よりも記録材7の搬送方向上下流側のそれぞれの端部である。本実施形態では、被加熱部材21は、厚さが0.65mmのステンレス(SUS304)を用いている。   Further, the graphite sheet 23 between the heated member 21 corresponding to the position of the fixing nip portion N2 and the sliding member 24 is as wide as possible up to the vicinity of the bent portions of the end portions 21c, 21d, 24a and 24b. It is provided over. The end portions 21c, 21d, 24a, 24b are the respective end portions on the upstream side in the transport direction of the recording material 7 with respect to the fixing nip portion N2 between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. In the present embodiment, the heated member 21 is made of stainless steel (SUS304) having a thickness of 0.65 mm.

グラファイトシート23は自然黒煙由来の厚さ760μmの厚手の単層シートからなる。ここで、前記被加熱部材21のそれぞれの端部21c,21dの折り曲げ部の外面相互の幅Woよりも摺動部材24のそれぞれの端部24a,24bの折り曲げ部の内面相互の幅Wiが自然状態で僅かに狭くなるように構成している。   The graphite sheet 23 is a thick single-layer sheet having a thickness of 760 μm derived from natural black smoke. Here, the width Wi between the inner surfaces of the bent portions of the end portions 24a and 24b of the sliding member 24 is more natural than the width Wo between the outer surfaces of the bent portions of the end portions 21c and 21d of the heated member 21. It is configured to be slightly narrowed in the state.

摺動部材24は、厚さが0.65mmのアルミニウム合金(例えば、A3003P−O)の板金からなる。そして、図2(b)の下方向から上方向に向かって実際の製品上の定着ニップ部N2に加わる定着加圧力よりも高い圧力でグラファイトシート23を押し付けながら圧入する。   The sliding member 24 is made of a sheet metal of aluminum alloy (for example, A3003P-O) having a thickness of 0.65 mm. Then, the graphite sheet 23 is pressed into the fixing nip portion N2 on the product from the lower side to the upper side in FIG.

グラファイトシート23(熱伝導部材)と、摺動部材24は、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2に加わる定着加圧力よりも大きい加圧強度で、定着装置12に装着する前に圧着加工される。これにより被加熱部材21と、グラファイトシート23と、摺動部材24との互いの密着性が高くなる。そのうえ、定着装置12への組み込み時にかかる定着加圧力によってグラファイトシート23の層が縮んで摺動部材24の定着ニップ部N2側への突き出し量が変化し、ニップ幅などが変動するような不具合を防止できる。   The graphite sheet 23 (heat conductive member) and the sliding member 24 are pressure-bonded before being mounted on the fixing device 12 with a pressure strength larger than the fixing pressure applied to the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12. As a result, the adherence among the heated member 21, the graphite sheet 23, and the sliding member 24 is increased. In addition, there is a problem that the layer of the graphite sheet 23 is contracted by the fixing pressure applied when the fixing member 12 is incorporated into the fixing device 12, the amount of protrusion of the sliding member 24 to the fixing nip portion N2 side is changed, and the nip width is changed. It can be prevented.

尚、被加熱部材21の図2(b)の上方に立ち上がる各端部21c,21dは、図2(b)の上方向に向かって記録材7の搬送方向上下流側に広がるように僅かにテーパをつけて加工されている。これにより、加圧時に摺動部材24の端部24a,24bと間に隙間が生じ難くなるようにしている。このようにして本実施形態では、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24の定着フィルム16(フィルム)の図2(a)の矢印f方向で示す回転方向の上流側端部21c,24aと、下流側端部21d,24bとを嵌合によって密着している。   It should be noted that the end portions 21c and 21d of the member to be heated 21, which rise upward in FIG. 2B, slightly expand toward the upstream side in the conveying direction of the recording material 7 toward the upward direction in FIG. 2B. It is processed with a taper. As a result, a gap is less likely to be formed between the end portions 24a and 24b of the sliding member 24 during pressurization. As described above, in the present embodiment, the heated member 21 and the upstream end portions 21c and 24a of the fixing film 16 (film) of the sliding member 24 in the rotation direction indicated by the arrow f direction in FIG. The downstream end portions 21d and 24b are fitted and closely attached.

図11(a),(b)に示して前述した比較例3の定着装置12では、幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が連続して定着ニップ部N2を通過した際の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の端部の昇温が問題であった。図2(a)に示す本実施形態では、該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向に大きな温度差が生じた際、面方向に熱伝導性が高いグラファイトシート23を作用させて、この温度差を緩和することを目的としている。   In the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B and described above, the fixing nip portion N2 when the recording material 7 having a small size in the width direction continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2. There was a problem in the temperature rise at the end in the longitudinal direction. In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 2A, when a large temperature difference occurs in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2, the graphite sheet 23 having high thermal conductivity is caused to act in the surface direction to reduce the temperature difference. The purpose is to do.

しかしながらその際、単にグラファイトシート23を被加熱部材21のハロゲンヒータ13a側に設けると、該ハロゲンヒータ13aの輻射光によりグラファイトシート23が劣化する可能性がある。逆に、グラファイトシート23を被加熱部材21の定着ニップ部N2側に設けた場合には、定着フィルム16の内面との摺擦によりグラファイトシート23の外面が削れたり、グラファイトシート23が被加熱部材21の外面から剥れる等の弊害が考えられる。   However, in that case, if the graphite sheet 23 is simply provided on the halogen heater 13a side of the heated member 21, the graphite sheet 23 may be deteriorated by the radiant light of the halogen heater 13a. On the contrary, when the graphite sheet 23 is provided on the fixing nip portion N2 side of the heated member 21, the outer surface of the graphite sheet 23 is scraped off due to sliding friction with the inner surface of the fixing film 16, or the graphite sheet 23 is heated by the heated member. 21 may be peeled off from the outer surface.

本実施形態では、図2(a)に示すように、グラファイトシート23の内面側(ハロゲンヒータ13a側)を、金属製の被加熱部材21で覆っているため、ハロゲンヒータ13aの輻射光を遮ることができる。一方、グラファイトシート23の外面側(定着ニップ部N2側)は、金属製の摺動部材24に覆われているため、定着フィルム16の内面との摺擦が生じない。   In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2A, since the inner surface side (the halogen heater 13a side) of the graphite sheet 23 is covered with the metallic heated member 21, the radiant light of the halogen heater 13a is blocked. be able to. On the other hand, the outer surface side (fixing nip portion N2 side) of the graphite sheet 23 is covered with the metal sliding member 24, so that no sliding friction with the inner surface of the fixing film 16 occurs.

図3は、図2(a),(b)に示す本実施形態の定着装置12と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12とで、定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の温度差を比較した図である。ここでは、両者の定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2に幅方向が小サイズの記録材7を中央基準で連続して通過させた後の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の端部の温度上昇を評価している。   FIG. 3 shows the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B and the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. It is a figure which compared the temperature difference of a longitudinal direction. Here, the temperature rise at the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 after the recording material 7 having a small width in the width direction is continuously passed through the fixing nip portion N2 of both fixing devices 12 based on the center. I am evaluating.

図3に示す温度曲線a1は、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の長手方向位置と温度との関係を示している。一方、図3に示す温度曲線b1は、図2(a),(b)に示す本実施形態の定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の長手方向位置と温度との関係を示している。   The temperature curve a1 shown in FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the longitudinal position and the temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b). On the other hand, the temperature curve b1 shown in FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the temperature and the longitudinal position of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b).

図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12では、温度曲線a1に示すように、に、幅方向が狭い小サイズの記録材7を用いた際に、記録材7が通過しない定着ニップ部N2の長手方向端部の高い方の温度が約260℃まで昇温している。したがって、この端部温度と中央通紙部の温調温度との温度差ΔT1は約90℃(=約260℃−約170℃)となっていた。   In the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, as shown by the temperature curve a1, when the recording material 7 of a small size whose width direction is narrow is used, The higher temperature of the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2 that does not pass has risen to about 260°C. Therefore, the temperature difference ΔT1 between the edge temperature and the temperature control temperature of the central sheet passing portion was about 90°C (=about 260°C-about 170°C).

一方、図2(a),(b)に示す本実施形態の定着装置12では、温度曲線b1に示すように、同じく幅方向が狭い小サイズの記録材7を用いた際に、記録材7が通過しない定着ニップ部N2の長手方向端部の高い方の温度は約220℃に抑制されている。したがって、この端部温度と中央通紙部の温調温度との温度差ΔT2は約50℃(=約220℃−約170℃)まで低下させることが可能となっている。   On the other hand, in the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, as shown by the temperature curve b1, when the recording material 7 of a small size whose width direction is also narrow is used, the recording material 7 is also used. Of the fixing nip portion N2 at which the toner does not pass is suppressed to about 220.degree. Therefore, the temperature difference ΔT2 between the end temperature and the temperature-controlled temperature of the central sheet passing portion can be reduced to about 50° C. (=about 220° C.-about 170° C.).

以上のことから、比較例3の定着装置12では、約90℃まで昇温していた定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の中央部と端部の温度差が、本実施形態の定着装置12を用いることで約50℃昇温するだけに大幅に抑制できることが分かった。したがって、グラファイトシート23とアルミニウム製の摺動部材24とを追加するだけの簡易な変更を行うだけで、小サイズ通紙時の長手方向の中央部と端部との温度差を従来構成に対して約40℃(=約90℃−約50℃)低くする効果が確認できた。   From the above, in the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3, the temperature difference between the central portion and the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2, which has been heated up to about 90° C., uses the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment. Therefore, it was found that the temperature could be significantly suppressed only by raising the temperature by about 50°C. Therefore, the temperature difference between the central portion and the end portion in the longitudinal direction at the time of passing a small size sheet can be reduced by simply changing the graphite sheet 23 and the aluminum sliding member 24. The effect of lowering the temperature by about 40° C. (=about 90° C.−about 50° C.) was confirmed.

これにより、本構成を用いることで、定着ニップ部N2付近の温度を定着フィルム16の耐熱温度以下に抑制可能となり、同じ定着フィルム16を用いたままで、温度や速度を下げることなく小サイズの記録材7の定着が可能な装置を実現することができる。   As a result, by using this configuration, the temperature in the vicinity of the fixing nip portion N2 can be suppressed to be equal to or lower than the heat resistant temperature of the fixing film 16, and the same fixing film 16 can be used and a small size recording can be performed without lowering the temperature or speed. A device capable of fixing the material 7 can be realized.

一方、本実施形態では、定着装置12のニップ部形成部材12bに設けられる被加熱部材21の定着ニップ部N2側の外面に図2(a),(b)に示すグラファイトシート23と摺動部材24とからなる他の部材を追加している。このため、本実施形態ではハロゲンヒータ13aの輻射光による定着ニップ部N2の加圧方向への熱伝達性が低下することが予想される。したがって、この影響で定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり性能が大幅に低下してしまっては実用上の問題を招くことが懸念される。このため、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性の検証も行った。   On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the graphite sheet 23 and the sliding member shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B are provided on the outer surface of the heated member 21 provided in the nip portion forming member 12b of the fixing device 12 on the fixing nip portion N2 side. 24 and other members are added. For this reason, in this embodiment, it is expected that the heat transfer in the pressing direction of the fixing nip portion N2 due to the radiant light of the halogen heater 13a is reduced. Therefore, there is a concern that the effect of this may cause a practical problem if the rising performance until the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature is significantly reduced. Therefore, the rise characteristics until the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature were also verified.

伝熱工学的に異種部材の積層構成における熱伝達速度は、各部材の熱伝導率に比例し、熱容量に反比例する。このことから図2(b)に示すニップ部形成部材12bを構成する被加熱部材21、グラファイトシート23、摺動部材24の各部材の厚さと、単位体積あたりの各物性値を以下に設定した。   In heat transfer engineering, the heat transfer rate in a laminated structure of different members is proportional to the thermal conductivity of each member and inversely proportional to the heat capacity. From this, the thickness of each member of the heated member 21, the graphite sheet 23, and the sliding member 24, which constitute the nip portion forming member 12b shown in FIG. 2B, and the respective physical property values per unit volume are set as follows. ..

被加熱部材21を構成するステンレス板は厚さが0.65mm、熱伝導率が52W/(m・K)、熱容量が3.4×10(J/K)である。摺動部材24を構成するアルミニウム板は厚さが0.65mm、熱伝導率が180W/(m・K)、熱容量が2.4×10(J/K)である。グラファイトシート23は厚さが0.76mm、厚さ方向の熱伝導率が5W/(m・K)、面方向の熱伝導率が1500W/(m・K)、熱容量が1.2×10(J/K)である。 The stainless steel plate constituting the heated member 21 has a thickness of 0.65 mm, a thermal conductivity of 52 W/(m·K), and a heat capacity of 3.4×10 6 (J/K). The aluminum plate forming the sliding member 24 has a thickness of 0.65 mm, a thermal conductivity of 180 W/(m·K), and a heat capacity of 2.4×10 6 (J/K). The graphite sheet 23 has a thickness of 0.76 mm, a thermal conductivity in the thickness direction of 5 W/(m·K), a thermal conductivity in the plane direction of 1500 W/(m·K), and a heat capacity of 1.2×10 6. (J/K).

そして、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり時間tへの影響を概算する。すると、各部材間の界面の接触熱抵抗を無視して単純に被加熱部材21を構成するステンレス(SUS)板に摺動部材24を構成するアルミニウム板を重ねただけでも熱伝達速度は半減した。したがって、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり時間tが倍増することになる。   Then, the influence on the rising time t until the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature is roughly calculated. Then, ignoring the contact thermal resistance at the interface between the respective members, the heat transfer rate was halved by simply stacking the aluminum plate forming the sliding member 24 on the stainless (SUS) plate forming the heated member 21. .. Therefore, the rising time t until the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature is doubled.

更に、被加熱部材21を構成するステンレス(SUS)板と、摺動部材24を構成するアルミニウム板との間に厚さ方向の熱伝導率が低いグラファイトシート23を挟む。すると、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり時間tは10倍以上長くなる。このため、やはり、本実施形態の端部昇温対策を採用すると、その弊害として立ち上がり性能の大幅な低下が予想される。   Further, a graphite sheet 23 having a low thermal conductivity in the thickness direction is sandwiched between a stainless (SUS) plate forming the heated member 21 and an aluminum plate forming the sliding member 24. Then, the rising time t until the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature becomes 10 times or more longer. Therefore, if the edge temperature rising countermeasure of the present embodiment is adopted, it is expected that the start-up performance will be significantly reduced as the adverse effect.

しかしながら、実際に図2(a),(b)に示すニップ部形成部材12bに各部材を組み込んで検証実験を行ったところ、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性は図4(a)に示すようになった。   However, when a verification experiment was conducted by actually incorporating each member into the nip portion forming member 12b shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, it was found that the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reached a predetermined fixing temperature. The rising characteristics are as shown in FIG.

図4(a)の比較例3の定着装置12の立ち上がり温度曲線a2の特性と、本実施形態の構成の立ち上がり温度曲線b2の特性を比較すると、立ち上げ時間tの初期は、温度曲線a2の方が急峻に温度上昇するが、温度曲線b2の方は緩慢に温度上昇する。   Comparing the characteristics of the rising temperature curve a2 of the fixing device 12 of the comparative example 3 of FIG. 4A and the characteristics of the rising temperature curve b2 of the configuration of the present embodiment, the temperature curve a2 shows the initial value of the rising time t. The temperature rises steeperly, but the temperature of the temperature curve b2 rises more slowly.

しかしながら、立ち上げ時間tの後半部となる12000msecを過ぎると、本実施形態の定着装置12の温度曲線b2が比較例の定着装置12の温度曲線a2を追い越すという逆転現象が生じている。そして、最終的に定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が目標の定着温度(170℃)付近で温度制御が働いて、略同等の立ち上げ時間となっている。   However, after 12000 msec, which is the latter half of the start-up time t, a reversal phenomenon occurs in which the temperature curve b2 of the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment exceeds the temperature curve a2 of the fixing device 12 of the comparative example. Then, finally, the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 is subjected to temperature control in the vicinity of the target fixing temperature (170° C.), and the startup time is substantially the same.

厳密には、図4(a)に示すように、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12の温度曲線a2に立ち上げ直後から大きなリップルが発生しており、目標の定着温度(170℃)付近でも該温度曲線a2の上下変動が大きい。このため温度曲線a2に生じるリップルの上端部(頂点)の到達時間としては、温度曲線a2の立ち上げ時間tの方が温度曲線b2の立ち上げ時間tよりも時間差Δt1で約3.6秒(3600msec)ほど速くなっている。しかし、各温度曲線a2,b2のリップルの中心部で比較すると大差はない。   Strictly speaking, as shown in FIG. 4A, a large ripple is generated immediately after the temperature curve a2 of the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. The vertical fluctuation of the temperature curve a2 is large even near the fixing temperature (170° C.). Therefore, as the arrival time of the upper end (apex) of the ripple generated in the temperature curve a2, the rise time t of the temperature curve a2 is about 3.6 seconds (time difference Δt1 more than the rise time t of the temperature curve b2). It is about 3600 msec) faster. However, there is no great difference when comparing the central portions of the ripples of the temperature curves a2 and b2.

このため、立ち上げ性能に対して実質的に大差はない。このことから、本実施形態の定着装置12の定着上ユニット12aを用いることにより他の性能を犠牲にすることがない。その上、幅方向が狭い小サイズの記録材7が定着ニップ部N2を中央基準で連続して通過する際の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向端部の昇温を大幅に軽減することが可能とわかった。これによって、幅方向が小サイズの記録材7の印刷生産性の大幅な低下を弊害なしに防止することが可能となる。   Therefore, there is substantially no difference in the startup performance. From this, other performance is not sacrificed by using the upper fixing unit 12a of the fixing device 12 of the present embodiment. Moreover, it is possible to significantly reduce the temperature rise at the longitudinal end portion of the fixing nip portion N2 when the small-sized recording material 7 having a narrow width direction continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2 with the center as a reference. I understand. As a result, it is possible to prevent the printing productivity of the recording material 7 having a small size in the width direction from being significantly reduced without adverse effects.

尚、上記の定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性に関する理論的予測と、実際の検証実験結果との間の大幅な相違の要因としては以下のよに推察される。図4(b),(c)を用いて、ニップ部形成部材12bの断面におけるハロゲンヒータ13aの輻射光による熱エネルギーの流れの向きと、該熱エネルギーの流れ易さとの大小関係を説明する。ニップ部形成部材12bは、被加熱部材21と、グラファイトシート23と、摺動部材24とが積層されたものである。以下、図4(b),(c)の熱エネルギーの矢印方向と、該矢印の大きさ(矢印の太さと長さ)を用いて説明していく。   In addition, as a factor of a large difference between the theoretical prediction regarding the rising characteristics until the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 reaches a predetermined fixing temperature and the actual verification experiment result, it is assumed as follows. To be done. With reference to FIGS. 4B and 4C, the magnitude relationship between the flow direction of thermal energy due to the radiant light of the halogen heater 13a and the ease of flow of the thermal energy in the cross section of the nip portion forming member 12b will be described. The nip portion forming member 12b is formed by laminating a heated member 21, a graphite sheet 23, and a sliding member 24. Hereinafter, description will be given using the arrow direction of the thermal energy in FIGS. 4B and 4C and the size of the arrow (thickness and length of the arrow).

図4(b)に示すように、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の定着温度の立ち上げ初期は、ステンレス製の被加熱部材21の上方からハロゲンヒータ13aの輻射光が照射される。まず、その輻射光の熱エネルギーをE1とすると、この熱エネルギーE1は、空中を瞬時に伝わって、最初に比較的熱伝導の悪いステンレス製の被加熱部材21の露光された表面全体を加熱してく。   As shown in FIG. 4B, in the initial stage of the rise of the fixing temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12, the radiant light of the halogen heater 13a is emitted from above the heated member 21 made of stainless steel. First, assuming that the thermal energy of the radiant light is E1, this thermal energy E1 is instantaneously transmitted through the air and first heats the entire exposed surface of the heated member 21 made of stainless steel having relatively poor thermal conductivity. Tek

その後、熱エネルギーE1はステンレスという金属として比較的熱伝導率の低い被加熱部材21の内部を該被加熱部材21の厚さ方向に比較的遅く伝わっていく。このときの熱エネルギーをE2とし、伝熱方向と伝熱速度の大きさを矢印の向きと大きさで表すと図4(b)に示すようになる。その後、中央部のグラファイトシート23が介在する領域では、熱エネルギーE2は、厚さ方向の熱伝導率がステンレスよりもさらに低いグラファイトシート23の内部を厚さ方向にさらに遅い速度で伝導しようとする。   After that, the heat energy E1 propagates as a metal of stainless steel inside the heated member 21 having a relatively low thermal conductivity relatively slowly in the thickness direction of the heated member 21. The heat energy at this time is E2, and the magnitude of the heat transfer direction and the heat transfer rate are represented by the direction and the size of the arrow as shown in FIG. 4(b). After that, in the region where the graphite sheet 23 in the central portion is interposed, the thermal energy E2 tries to conduct at a slower speed in the thickness direction inside the graphite sheet 23, which has a lower thermal conductivity in the thickness direction than that of stainless steel. ..

一方、グラファイトシート23が介在しない被加熱部材21の記録材7の搬送方向(図4(b)の左右方向)における上流側及び下流側の両端部(図4(b)の左右端部)では、被加熱部材21と熱伝導の高いアルミニウム製の摺動部材24とが接触している。この接触部31では、熱エネルギーE2が直接アルミニウム製の摺動部材24に伝導されていく。このため、摺動部材24の中央部に対しては、熱エネルギーE2はグラファイトシート23の厚さ方向に伝わる間に、約40倍高い熱伝導率で摺動部材24の左右端部からも伝わっていく。   On the other hand, at both upstream and downstream end portions (left and right end portions in FIG. 4B) of the heated member 21 without the graphite sheet 23 in the transport direction (the left and right direction in FIG. 4B) of the recording material 7. The member to be heated 21 and the sliding member 24 made of aluminum having high heat conductivity are in contact with each other. At the contact portion 31, the thermal energy E2 is directly transmitted to the sliding member 24 made of aluminum. Therefore, to the central portion of the sliding member 24, while the thermal energy E2 is transmitted in the thickness direction of the graphite sheet 23, the thermal energy E2 is also transmitted from the left and right end portions of the sliding member 24 with a thermal conductivity about 40 times higher. To go.

さらに図4(c)に示すように、熱エネルギーE2がグラファイトシート23に到達する。すると、実際には厚さ方向に伝搬するより、面方向の熱伝導率が厚さ方向の約300倍高いグラファイトシート23の表面に沿ってステンレス製の被加熱部材21よりも約80倍速い熱伝達速度で移動する。   Further, as shown in FIG. 4C, the thermal energy E2 reaches the graphite sheet 23. Then, in reality, the heat conductivity along the surface of the graphite sheet 23 whose thermal conductivity in the surface direction is about 300 times higher than that in the thickness direction is about 80 times faster than that of the heated member 21 made of stainless steel, rather than being propagated in the thickness direction. Move at transmission speed.

このため被加熱部材21の左右端部には被加熱部材21の中央部で受けた熱エネルギーがE3として厚さ方向よりもより速く多く集中する。一方、摺動部材24の左右端部に伝わった熱エネルギーもE4としてアルミニウム製の摺動部材24中を高速で伝搬しつつ、やはり中央部のグラファイトシート23が介在する領域では面方向の熱伝導率がアルミニウムよりも約7倍高くなり、さらに速く伝搬する。   Therefore, the heat energy received at the central portion of the heated member 21 is concentrated on the left and right ends of the heated member 21 as E3 more quickly than in the thickness direction. On the other hand, the thermal energy transmitted to the left and right ends of the sliding member 24 also propagates as E4 at high speed in the sliding member 24 made of aluminum, and also in the area where the graphite sheet 23 in the central portion is interposed, the heat conduction in the surface direction is also conducted. The rate is about 7 times higher than aluminum and propagates even faster.

以上のように、本実施形態の構成において、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とからなる上下板金の左右端部に接触部31を設ける。これにより、被加熱部材21からなる上板金が受けた輻射光の熱エネルギーE1を、板金中央部の熱伝導の低い厚さ方向に伝わるよりも速く摺動部材24からなる下側の板金に伝えることができる。   As described above, in the configuration of this embodiment, the contact portions 31 are provided at the left and right end portions of the upper and lower sheet metals including the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. As a result, the thermal energy E1 of the radiant light received by the upper sheet metal including the heated member 21 is transmitted to the lower sheet metal including the sliding member 24 faster than it is transmitted in the thickness direction where heat conduction is low in the central portion of the sheet metal. be able to.

さらに、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とからなる上下板金の中央部でグラファイトシート23と接触させる。これにより、面方向への熱伝導を飛躍的に向上し、被加熱部材21からなる上板金が受けた熱エネルギーE1を板金左右端部により速く伝搬する。更に、板金左右端部の熱エネルギーは摺動部材24からなる下側板金の中央部により速く伝搬されるようになる。   Furthermore, the graphite sheet 23 is brought into contact with the central portion of the upper and lower sheet metals including the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. As a result, the heat conduction in the plane direction is dramatically improved, and the heat energy E1 received by the upper sheet metal composed of the heated member 21 is propagated to the left and right ends of the sheet metal faster. Further, the heat energy at the left and right ends of the sheet metal is more quickly propagated to the central portion of the lower sheet metal including the sliding member 24.

これにより図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12のニップ部形成部材12bとの比較において以下の通りである。グラファイトシート23と摺動部材24とを追加したことより生じるニップ部形成部材12bの厚さ方向の熱伝達速度の遅れが略相殺されたものと考えられる。   Accordingly, the comparison with the nip portion forming member 12b of the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B is as follows. It is considered that the delay of the heat transfer speed in the thickness direction of the nip portion forming member 12b caused by the addition of the graphite sheet 23 and the sliding member 24 is substantially offset.

このようなグラファイトシート23の面方向への熱エネルギーE3,E4の移動の作用は、熱エネルギーEのリーク抑制や回収にも寄与していると考えられる。熱エネルギーEは、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の定着温度の立ち上がりの過程で、熱の蓄熱が進み易い定着ニップ部N2の記録材7の搬送方向上下流側の加圧ステー19や樹脂製のガイド部材18への放熱(リーク)または蓄熱によって失われるからである。   It is considered that the action of moving the thermal energies E3 and E4 in the plane direction of the graphite sheet 23 as described above also contributes to the leakage suppression and recovery of the thermal energy E. The thermal energy E is a pressure stay 19 or a resin-made pressure stay 19 on the upstream or downstream side of the recording material 7 in the fixing nip portion N2 where the heat is likely to accumulate in the process of rising of the fixing temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12. This is because the heat is lost due to heat radiation (leakage) or heat storage to the guide member 18.

このような面方向への熱エネルギー移動の作用は以下の効果も有する。立ち上がり過程で熱の蓄熱が進み易い定着ニップ部N2の上下流側の金属製の加圧ステー19や樹脂製のガイド部材18へのリークまたは蓄熱によって失われていた熱エネルギーのリーク抑制や回収にも寄与していると考えられる。   The action of such thermal energy transfer in the plane direction also has the following effects. For suppressing or recovering the leakage of heat energy lost to the metal pressure stay 19 and the resin guide member 18 on the upstream and downstream sides of the fixing nip portion N2 or the resin guide member 18 where heat accumulation is likely to occur during the rising process or the heat energy lost due to heat accumulation. Is also considered to have contributed.

特に定着ニップ部N2の下流側では、上流の定着ニップ部N2で加熱蓄熱された定着フィルム16が、この下流領域に搬送され、摺擦しながら通過する際に、蓄熱され易い。本実施形態における立ち上がり特性の大幅低下を回避できた要因の一つは以下の通りである。上記の下流側部材に蓄熱される熱エネルギーをアルミニウム板からなる摺動部材24とグラファイトシート23の高熱伝導経路を介して定着ニップ部N2の中央部の加熱に回収利用されたことが考えられる。   In particular, on the downstream side of the fixing nip portion N2, the fixing film 16 that has been heated and stored in the upstream fixing nip portion N2 is likely to accumulate heat when conveyed to this downstream region and passing while sliding. One of the factors that can prevent a large decrease in the rising characteristic in the present embodiment is as follows. It is conceivable that the thermal energy accumulated in the downstream member was recovered and used for heating the central portion of the fixing nip portion N2 via the high heat conduction path of the sliding member 24 made of an aluminum plate and the graphite sheet 23.

このため、本実施形態において重要な点としては、(1)被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とからなる上下の金属板金とグラファイトシート23の密着性である。また、(2)被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とからなる両金属板金の左右両端部における金属同士の密着性である。これらの各面同士の界面に空気層などが生じて密着性が悪くなると上記の面方向の熱エネルギー移動効果が失われて理論的な立ち上がり特性に近付いていくと考えられる。   Therefore, the important points in this embodiment are (1) the adhesion between the upper and lower metal sheet metals including the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 and the graphite sheet 23. (2) Adhesion between metals at both left and right ends of both metal sheet metals including the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. It is considered that if an air layer or the like is generated at the interface between these surfaces and the adhesion is deteriorated, the effect of thermal energy transfer in the surface direction is lost and the theoretical rising characteristics are approached.

前記(1)については定着ニップ部N2に作用する定着加圧力自体がこれらの部材間の密着性を高めるように作用するため、各面の平滑性を高めるだけでも高い性能を維持し易い。しかしながら、前記(2)の金属同士の面接触部の密着性を高く維持することは容易ではなく、特にこの金属同士の密着性を向上させる方法が重要となる。   With regard to (1), since the fixing pressure force itself acting on the fixing nip portion N2 acts to enhance the adhesion between these members, it is easy to maintain high performance even by enhancing the smoothness of each surface. However, it is not easy to maintain high adhesion between the surface-to-surface contact portions between the metals of (2), and a method for improving the adhesion between the metals is particularly important.

このため、本実施形態では、図2(b)に示すように、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24とを断面U字形状(凹型)にしている。さらに、嵌合する前の自然状態における被加熱部材21の端部21c,21dの折り曲げ部の外面相互の幅Woを摺動部材24の端部24a,24bの折り曲げ部の内面相互の幅Wiよりも大きく設定している。   Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2B, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 have a U-shaped cross section (concave shape). Further, the width Wo between the outer surfaces of the bent portions of the end portions 21c and 21d of the heated member 21 in the natural state before the fitting is set to be smaller than the width Wi of the inner surface of the bent portions of the end portions 24a and 24b of the sliding member 24. Is also set large.

そして、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24とを圧入嵌合することにより被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bの壁面同士を密着させる。被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24とを圧入嵌合する際の加圧強度を定着ニップ部N2の加圧強度(本実施形態では総圧が157N)よりも高くする。これにより被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24と、グラファイトシート23との相互間の密着性も高いまま、画像形成装置34の使用中も定着ニップ部N2を安定して維持できるようにしている。   Then, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are press-fitted into each other to press the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 in the upstream and downstream ends 21c, 21d, 24a of the recording material 7 in the transport direction. The wall surfaces of 24b are brought into close contact with each other. The pressure strength at the time of press-fitting the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 is made higher than the pressure strength of the fixing nip portion N2 (total pressure in this embodiment is 157N). As a result, the fixing nip portion N2 can be stably maintained even when the image forming apparatus 34 is in use, while the adhesion between the heated member 21, the sliding member 24, and the graphite sheet 23 is high. .

更に、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との製造時のバラツキによって、被加熱部材21の開口部の幅が摺動部材24の開口部の幅よりも狭くなる場合がある。このため、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との各平坦部21e,24cに対して記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bは、図2(b)の上方向に向かって、それぞれの開口幅が広がる方向に同じ角度のテーパを形成している。   Furthermore, the width of the opening of the heated member 21 may be narrower than the width of the opening of the sliding member 24 due to variations in manufacturing the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. Therefore, the end portions 21c, 21d, 24a, 24b on the upstream and downstream sides of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 in the transport direction of the recording material 7 with respect to the flat portions 21e, 24c are shown in FIG. The taper of the same angle is formed in the direction in which the respective opening widths increase in the upward direction.

これにより、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24とを圧入嵌合した後の被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bの壁面同士の間に隙間が生じ易くなることを防止している。   As a result, the upstream and downstream ends 21c, 21d, 24a of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 in the conveyance direction of the recording material 7 after the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are press-fitted to each other. , 24b are prevented from easily forming a gap between the wall surfaces.

被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との比較的簡易な接合方法としては、前述した圧入嵌合の他に、焼き嵌めによる接合が出来る。焼き嵌めは、二つの金属の部品の一方を片方に挿入して、熱を利用して強い接合を得ることができる。加熱は一方の金属をもう一方よりも収縮させるか膨張させ、二つが機械的に接合する圧力や締め付けができる。   As a relatively simple joining method between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24, in addition to the press-fitting fitting described above, joining by shrink fitting can be performed. Shrink fit allows one of the two metal parts to be inserted into one and utilizes heat to obtain a strong bond. Heating causes one metal to contract or expand more than the other, allowing pressure or clamping to mechanically join the two.

他の方法として、冷やし嵌めによる接合を用いても良い。冷やし嵌めは、二つの金属の部品の一方を常温の外輪とし、他方を冷却短縮させた挿入物として嵌め込む嵌合方法である。また、二つの金属の部品のそれぞれの折り曲げを組み合わせたハゼ組みによる接合を用いても良い。   As another method, joining by cold fitting may be used. The cold fitting is a fitting method in which one of two metal parts is used as an outer ring at room temperature and the other is fitted as a cooling-shortened insert. Further, it is also possible to use joining by a goby assembly in which bending of two metal parts is combined.

以上の各接合時には、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24と、グラファイトシート23との間に常に定着ニップ部N2の加圧強度(本実施形態では総圧が157N)よりも高い圧力を印加した状態で行う。これにより定着装置12の組み立て後に経時変化しないようにすることができる。   At the time of each joining described above, a pressure higher than the pressure strength of the fixing nip portion N2 (total pressure in this embodiment is 157 N) is always applied between the heated member 21, the sliding member 24, and the graphite sheet 23. It will be done in the state. This makes it possible to prevent the fixing device 12 from changing with time after the assembly.

また、図2(a)に示す加圧ステー19へのヒートリーク(熱負荷)抑制のためには該加圧ステー19の下面19a,19bと直接接触する反射部材20のフランジ部20a,20bとの接触を避けることが好ましい。   Further, in order to suppress the heat leak (heat load) to the pressure stay 19 shown in FIG. 2A, the flange portions 20a and 20b of the reflecting member 20 which are in direct contact with the lower surfaces 19a and 19b of the pressure stay 19 are provided. It is preferred to avoid contact with.

このため本実施形態では熱伝導率の低いステンレス製の被加熱部材21の端部21c,21dの上端面21c1,21d1の高さを、アルミニウム製の摺動部材24の端部24a,24bの上端面24a1,24b1の高さよりも高くしている。これにより反射部材20のフランジ部20a,20bの下面に熱伝導率の高いアルミニウム製の摺動部材24が直接接触することを防止している。   Therefore, in this embodiment, the height of the upper end surfaces 21c1 and 21d1 of the end portions 21c and 21d of the heated member 21 made of stainless steel having a low thermal conductivity is set higher than the end portions 24a and 24b of the sliding member 24 made of aluminum. The height is higher than the height of the end faces 24a1 and 24b1. This prevents the sliding member 24 made of aluminum having high thermal conductivity from directly contacting the lower surfaces of the flange portions 20a and 20b of the reflecting member 20.

一方、図2(b)に示すニップ部形成部材12bでは、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向上下流側の折り曲げ部となる端部24a,24bとグラファイトシート23との間に空隙部32a,32bが形成されてしまっている。被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との間の熱移動をより良くするためには、熱伝導に寄与しないこれらの空隙部32a,32bの体積を減らして被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との密着率を高めることがより好ましい。   On the other hand, in the nip portion forming member 12b shown in FIG. 2B, the end portions 24a and 24b, which are bent portions of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 on the upstream and downstream sides of the recording material 7 in the conveying direction, and the graphite sheet 23. Voids 32a and 32b have been formed between and. In order to improve the heat transfer between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24, the volume of these voids 32a and 32b that do not contribute to heat conduction is reduced so that the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are It is more preferable to increase the adhesion ratio of.

例えば、図5(a)に示すように、定着フィルム16の内面と摺擦させるために、摺動性と高熱伝導性が優先され、高い剛性を必要としない摺動部材24として加工し易い材質を選んでおく。このような摺動部材24では予めプレス加工等により、グラファイトシート23の記録材7の搬送方向(図5(a)の左右方向)の幅と同じ幅で深さがグラファイトシート23の厚さ未満の溝部24dを設けることができる。溝部24dは、グラファイトシート23(熱伝導部材)の外形形状に応じて形成される。   For example, as shown in FIG. 5A, in order to rub against the inner surface of the fixing film 16, priority is given to slidability and high thermal conductivity, and a material that can be easily processed as the sliding member 24 that does not require high rigidity. Is selected. Such a sliding member 24 has the same width as the width of the graphite sheet 23 in the conveying direction of the recording material 7 (the left-right direction in FIG. 5A) and the depth is less than the thickness of the graphite sheet 23 by press working or the like in advance. The groove portion 24d can be provided. The groove 24d is formed according to the outer shape of the graphite sheet 23 (heat conduction member).

即ち、摺動部材24にグラファイトシート23の形状に応じた溝部24dを設けて、該溝部内にグラファイトシート23を埋め込む。その後、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とを密着加工して、空隙部32a,32bを無くし、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とからなる上下板金間の熱移動をより良くすることができる。   That is, the groove 24d corresponding to the shape of the graphite sheet 23 is provided in the sliding member 24, and the graphite sheet 23 is embedded in the groove. After that, the member to be heated 21 and the sliding member 24 are closely processed to eliminate the voids 32a and 32b, and the heat transfer between the upper and lower sheet metals composed of the member to be heated 21 and the sliding member 24 can be improved. it can.

また、図5(b)に示すように、被加熱部材21に予めプレス加工等を用いてグラファイトシート23の記録材7の搬送方向(図5(a)の左右方向)の幅と同じ幅で深さがグラファイトシート23の厚さ未満の溝部21bを設けることも出来る。溝部21bは、グラファイトシート23(熱伝導部材)の外形形状に応じて形成される。   Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, the width of the heating target member 21 is the same as the width of the graphite sheet 23 in the conveying direction of the recording material 7 (left-right direction in FIG. 5A) by using press working or the like in advance. It is also possible to provide the groove portion 21b having a depth less than the thickness of the graphite sheet 23. The groove portion 21b is formed according to the outer shape of the graphite sheet 23 (heat conduction member).

即ち、被加熱部材21にグラファイトシート23の形状に応じた溝部21bを設けて、該溝部内にグラファイトシート23を埋め込む。その後、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とを密着加工することより、空隙部32a,32bを無くし、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との間の熱移動をより良くすることもできる。   That is, the heated member 21 is provided with a groove portion 21b corresponding to the shape of the graphite sheet 23, and the graphite sheet 23 is embedded in the groove portion. Then, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are closely processed to eliminate the voids 32a and 32b, and the heat transfer between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 can be improved.

尚、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との両方にグラファイトシート23の形状に応じた溝部21b,24dを設けて、グラファイトシート23を埋め込んだ後、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とを密着加工する方法を用いても良い。また、プレス加工の代わりに、被加熱部材21及び摺動部材24の厚さや剛性、或いは、グラファイトシート23の厚さに応じて被加熱部材21や摺動部材24の溝部を掘削加工する方法を用いても良い。   It should be noted that both the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are provided with grooves 21b and 24d corresponding to the shape of the graphite sheet 23, and after the graphite sheet 23 is embedded, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are separated. A method of contact processing may be used. Further, instead of press working, a method of excavating the groove portions of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 according to the thickness and rigidity of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 or the thickness of the graphite sheet 23 is used. You may use.

また、以上のように本実施形態の構成を用いることによって、従来構成とほぼ同等の立ち上がり性能を維持することができる。その上、小サイズ紙の連続通紙時の端部昇温を改善することができる。その場合でも、わずかでも従来よりも立ち上がり性能が下がることが許容できない場合も考えられる。そのような場合には、図5(c)に示すように、加圧ステー19の下面19a,19bと、反射部材20のフランジ部20a,20bとの間に断熱材25a,25bを設けるだけで、従来構成以上の立ち上がり性能を維持することも容易である。   In addition, by using the configuration of the present embodiment as described above, it is possible to maintain the startup performance that is substantially equal to that of the conventional configuration. In addition, it is possible to improve the temperature rise at the edges when continuously feeding small size paper. Even in that case, it is possible that even a slight decrease in the startup performance is unacceptable. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 5C, heat insulating materials 25a and 25b are simply provided between the lower surfaces 19a and 19b of the pressure stay 19 and the flange portions 20a and 20b of the reflecting member 20. It is also easy to maintain the rising performance that is higher than the conventional configuration.

以上、本実施形態の構成により、立ち上がり性能を犠牲にすることなく、幅方向が狭い小サイズの記録材7が定着ニップ部N2を中央基準で連続して通過する際の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の端部の昇温抑制が可能となる。したがって、定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の温度差を緩和することが容易となり、小サイズの記録材7を使用した場合の印刷物の生産性を向上することができる。   As described above, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the recording material 7 of a small size having a narrow width direction continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2 with the center as a reference without sacrificing the rising performance of the fixing nip portion N2. It is possible to suppress the temperature rise of the end portion in the longitudinal direction. Therefore, it becomes easy to reduce the temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion N2, and it is possible to improve the productivity of printed matter when a small-sized recording material 7 is used.

次に、図6を用いて本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置の第2実施形態の構成について説明する。尚、前記第1実施形態と同様に構成したものは同一の符号、或いは符号が異なっても同一の部材名を付して説明を省略する。図6(a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第2実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。図6(b)は、第2実施形態の定着装置と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置とで、定着ニップ部の長手方向の温度差を比較した図である。図6(c)は、第2実施形態の定着装置と、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置で、定着ニップ部が所定の定着温度に達するまでの立ち上がり特性を比較した図である。   Next, the configuration of the second embodiment of the image forming apparatus including the fixing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, or the same reference numerals are given even if the reference numerals are different, and the description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 6A is a sectional explanatory view showing the structure of the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the second embodiment of the fixing device according to the present invention. FIG. 6B is a diagram comparing the temperature difference in the longitudinal direction of the fixing nip portion between the fixing device of the second embodiment and the fixing device of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B. is there. FIG. 6C shows the rising characteristics of the fixing device of the second embodiment and the fixing device of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B until the fixing nip reaches a predetermined fixing temperature. It is the figure which compared.

図2(b)に示す前記第1実施形態では、ニップ部形成部材12bの被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との間に自然黒煙由来の比較的厚手のグラファイトシート23を一枚用いて構成した一例であった。図6(a)に示す本実施形態では、ニップ部形成部材12bの被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との間に人工黒煙由来の比較的薄手の厚さが40μmのグラファイトシート23(熱伝導部材)を複数枚積層して構成している。   In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2B, one relatively thick graphite sheet 23 derived from natural black smoke is used between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 of the nip portion forming member 12b. It was an example of the configuration. In the present embodiment shown in FIG. 6( a ), a relatively thin graphite sheet 23 (heat of 40 μm) derived from artificial black smoke is provided between the heated member 21 of the nip portion forming member 12 b and the sliding member 24. It is configured by laminating a plurality of conductive members).

本実施形態では、小サイズの記録材7による長手方向の端部昇温対策を行う際、各製品毎に、定着温度の立ち上がり特性と、長手方向端部の昇温特性の何れを重視するかに応じてグラファイトシート23の使用枚数の調整を行うものである。これによりコストを含めて総合的に定着装置12に求められる性能を最適に調整可能とすることができる。   In the present embodiment, when taking measures against the temperature rise of the end portion in the longitudinal direction by the small-sized recording material 7, which of the fixing temperature rising characteristic and the temperature raising characteristic of the longitudinal end portion is to be emphasized for each product? The number of used graphite sheets 23 is adjusted according to the above. This makes it possible to optimally adjust the performance required for the fixing device 12 comprehensively including the cost.

例えば、定着温度の立ち上がり特性を重視する場合には、グラファイトシート23を三枚積層して総厚が120μm(=40μm×3)とする。或いは、グラファイトシート23を六枚積層して総厚が240μm(=40μm×6)とする。   For example, when the rising characteristic of the fixing temperature is emphasized, three graphite sheets 23 are laminated to have a total thickness of 120 μm (=40 μm×3). Alternatively, six graphite sheets 23 are laminated so that the total thickness is 240 μm (=40 μm×6).

このような二通りの構成を選択可能として、長手方向の端部昇温特性を評価し、更に、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の定着温度の立ち上がり特性も評価した結果を、図11(a),(b)に示す比較例3の定着装置12の各特性と各々比較した。ここで、評価条件としては、前記第1実施形態と同じく、小サイズ紙としてCOM10封筒を用い、中央基準でフルスピードで連続通紙する非常に過酷な試験を行っている。   FIG. 11(a) shows a result of evaluating the edge temperature rising characteristics in the longitudinal direction by making two such configurations selectable and further evaluating the rising characteristics of the fixing temperature of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12. ) And (b) are compared with respective characteristics of the fixing device 12 of Comparative Example 3. Here, as the evaluation conditions, as in the first embodiment, a very harsh test in which a COM10 envelope is used as a small size paper and continuous paper is fed at full speed with a center reference is performed.

図6(b)は、これらの結果のうち、長手方向の端部の昇温に対する抑制効果(以下、単に「端部昇温抑制効果」という)を比較したグラフである。原理的に予想される通り、グラファイトシート23の積層枚数が多い方が端部昇温抑制効果が高く、三枚積層して総厚を120μmとした場合の温度曲線c1の端部昇温抑制効果は、比較例3の温度曲線a1よりも端部温度を約20℃下げる効果が確認された。一方、グラファイトシート23を六枚積層して総厚が240μmとした場合の端部昇温抑制効果は、温度曲線d1のようになり、比較例3の温度曲線a1よりも端部温度を約34℃下げる効果が確認された。   FIG. 6B is a graph comparing, among these results, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the end portion in the longitudinal direction (hereinafter, simply referred to as the “end temperature rise suppressing effect”). As expected in principle, the larger the number of laminated graphite sheets 23, the higher the effect of suppressing the temperature rise at the end portion, and the effect of suppressing the temperature rise at the end portion of the temperature curve c1 when three sheets are laminated and the total thickness is 120 μm. Was confirmed to have the effect of lowering the end temperature by about 20° C. as compared with the temperature curve a1 of Comparative Example 3. On the other hand, when the six graphite sheets 23 are laminated and the total thickness is 240 μm, the effect of suppressing the end temperature rise is as shown by the temperature curve d1, and the end temperature is about 34% higher than the temperature curve a1 of Comparative Example 3. The effect of lowering the temperature was confirmed.

これらの結果から、幅の狭い厚紙のフルスピード通紙という非常に過酷な試験を行ったにもかかわらず、ともに定着ニップ部N2周辺部材の耐熱温度を超えないレベルまで昇温を抑制できていることが分かる。特に後者については、前記第1実施形態のグラファイトシート23の厚さの3分の1よりも薄い。それにも関わらず前記第1実施形態に近い効果となり、通紙速度やタイミングを調整して条件緩和すれば、前記第1実施形態並みの性能が得られ、耐熱温度条件がより厳しいカラー機にも使用可能なレベルになっている。   From these results, even though a very rigorous test of narrow-width thick paper full-speed passing was performed, both of them were able to suppress the temperature rise to a level not exceeding the heat resistant temperature of the peripheral members of the fixing nip portion N2. I understand. In particular, the latter is thinner than one third of the thickness of the graphite sheet 23 of the first embodiment. Nevertheless, the effect is similar to that of the first embodiment, and if the conditions are relaxed by adjusting the sheet passing speed and timing, the same performance as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and it can be applied to a color machine with more severe heat resistance conditions. It is at a usable level.

一方、上記各場合に対して定着温度の立ち上がり特性を評価した結果は、図6(c)のグラフのようになる。このグラフにおいて、温度曲線a2は、比較例3、温度曲線c2はグラファイトシート23を三枚積層した場合、温度曲線d2はグラファイトシート23を六枚積層した場合を各々示している。   On the other hand, the result of evaluating the rising characteristic of the fixing temperature in each of the above cases is as shown in the graph of FIG. In this graph, a temperature curve a2 shows Comparative Example 3, a temperature curve c2 shows three graphite sheets 23 stacked, and a temperature curve d2 shows six graphite sheets 23 stacked.

このグラフから、やはり原理的に予想される通り、グラファイトシート23の積層枚数の多い方が立ち上がりが遅れる傾向になり、図6(c)に示す温度曲線c2と温度曲線d2のいずれの構成も前記第1実施形態の構成よりも立ち上がりが速くなっている。   From this graph, as expected from the principle as well, the larger the number of laminated graphite sheets 23, the more the rising tends to be delayed, and both the configurations of the temperature curve c2 and the temperature curve d2 shown in FIG. The rising speed is faster than that of the configuration of the first embodiment.

さらに今回の結果では、(1)グラファイトシート23を三枚積層した時の立ち上がりでは、従来構成よりもΔt2=5秒程度速く目標温度に到達する。また、(2)グラファイトシート23を六枚積層した時の立ち上がりでは、従来構成よりもΔt3=1.5秒程度遅く目標温度に到達するものとなっている。   Further, according to the result of this time, (1) the target temperature is reached about Δt2=5 seconds faster than in the conventional configuration when the three graphite sheets 23 are stacked. Further, (2) when the six graphite sheets 23 are stacked, the target temperature is reached at a time of about Δt3=1.5 seconds later than in the conventional configuration.

ここで、グラファイトシート23を六枚積層した前記(2)の効果は原理的に予想される傾向と一致して前記第1実施形態と従来構成の中間的性能になる。その一方、グラファイトシート23を三枚積層した前記(1)の効果は従来構成より大幅に立ち上がりを速くするものになっている。   Here, the effect of (2) in which six graphite sheets 23 are laminated is in agreement with the tendency expected in principle, and is an intermediate performance between the first embodiment and the conventional configuration. On the other hand, the effect of the above (1) in which three graphite sheets 23 are laminated is that the rising speed is significantly faster than the conventional configuration.

前記(1)の効果の要因としては、やはり従来構成の立ち上げ時には定着ニップ部N2の上下流のニップ周辺部材、特に下流側部材へのヒートリークと熱エネルギーの蓄積が大きいと考えられる。このため、前記第1実施形態と同様にグラファイトシート23とアルミニウム板からなる摺動部材24を追加した。これにより、これらの面方向の温度均一化作用により、定着ニップ部N2以外に逃げる熱エネルギーが定着ニップ部N2へ引き戻されて立ち上がり後半部で立ち上がりを速くしているものと思われる。   As a factor of the effect of (1), it is considered that heat leakage and thermal energy accumulation are large in the upstream and downstream nip peripheral members of the fixing nip portion N2, especially in the downstream member at the time of startup of the conventional configuration. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, a sliding member 24 made of a graphite sheet 23 and an aluminum plate is added. As a result, it is considered that due to the temperature equalizing effect in the surface direction, the thermal energy escaping to the area other than the fixing nip portion N2 is pulled back to the fixing nip portion N2 to accelerate the rising in the latter half of rising.

この効果はグラファイトシート23の厚さにあまり大きく左右されずに作用する。その一方、定着ニップ部N2中心部周辺の厚さ方向の熱伝導性に対してはグラファイトシート23の厚さ方向の熱伝導性の低さが大きく影響する。このためグラファイトシート23が薄い方が大幅に立ち上がりが良くなるものと考えられる。   This effect acts without being greatly influenced by the thickness of the graphite sheet 23. On the other hand, the low thermal conductivity of the graphite sheet 23 in the thickness direction greatly affects the thermal conductivity in the thickness direction around the center of the fixing nip portion N2. Therefore, it is considered that the thinner the graphite sheet 23 is, the better the rise is.

次に、図7を用いて本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置の第3実施形態の構成について説明する。尚、前記各実施形態と同様に構成したものは同一の符号、或いは符号が異なっても同一の部材名を付して説明を省略する。図7(a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第3実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。図7(b)は、第3実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材に設けられる被加熱部材の構成を示す斜視説明図である。尚、図7(a),(b)において、被加熱部材26のハロゲンヒータ13a側の黒色塗装層は省略している。   Next, the configuration of the third embodiment of the image forming apparatus including the fixing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those in the above-described respective embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, or the same reference numerals are given even if the reference numerals are different, and the description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing the configuration of the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the third embodiment of the fixing device according to the present invention. FIG. 7B is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the heated member provided in the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the third embodiment. 7(a) and 7(b), the black coating layer on the side of the halogen heater 13a of the heated member 26 is omitted.

本実施形態では、図2(b)に示す第1実施形態で用いた被加熱部材21と高熱伝導性を有する摺動部材24を以下のような部品に置き換えている。即ち、図7(a)に示すように被加熱部材に予めバーリング加工を施したバーリング付き被加熱部材26、摺動部材に予めパンチング加工により下穴を打ち抜いた穴付き摺動部材27を用いている。   In this embodiment, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 having high thermal conductivity used in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2B are replaced with the following parts. That is, as shown in FIG. 7A, a heated member 26 with burring which is pre-burred on a heated member, and a sliding member 27 with a hole in which a prepared hole is punched by a punching process are used for a sliding member. There is.

バーリング付き被加熱部材26の加工方法としては、事前に被加熱部材26の板厚に応じたクリアランスを取って立ち上がり加工した立ち上がり部からなるバーリング部26fを設け、該バーリング部26fの内面にネジ孔を加工している。穴付き摺動部材27は、このバーリング付き被加熱部材26のバーリング位置と加工後に組み合わせた際に位置が合うように予め計算された位置に穴加工を施している。   As a method of processing the heated member 26 with burring, a burring portion 26f including a rising portion that has been raised and processed with a clearance according to the plate thickness of the heated member 26 is provided in advance, and a screw hole is formed on the inner surface of the burring portion 26f. Is being processed. The sliding member 27 with holes has holes formed at positions calculated in advance so that the burring position of the heated member 26 with burring and the position of the burring position of the member to be heated 26 match after the processing.

そして、被加熱部材26の外面と、高熱伝導性を有する摺動部材27の内面との間にグラファイトシート23を介在させて該摺動部材27を被加熱部材26外面に嵌合する。そして、該摺動部材27に設けられた図示しない貫通穴からなる長穴に機械的部品となる固定ネジ28を挿通する。そして、被加熱部材26のバーリング部26fの内面に形成されたネジ孔に該固定ネジ28を螺合締結して被加熱部材26とグラファイトシート23と摺動部材27とを密着して接合する。   Then, the graphite sheet 23 is interposed between the outer surface of the heated member 26 and the inner surface of the sliding member 27 having high thermal conductivity, and the sliding member 27 is fitted to the outer surface of the heated member 26. Then, a fixing screw 28, which is a mechanical component, is inserted into an elongated hole (not shown) formed in the sliding member 27 and formed of a through hole. Then, the fixing screw 28 is screwed and fastened to the screw hole formed on the inner surface of the burring portion 26f of the heated member 26, and the heated member 26, the graphite sheet 23, and the sliding member 27 are closely joined to each other.

本実施形態では、図7(a)に示すように、ハロゲンヒータ13aからの輻射熱を受ける被加熱部材26と摺動部材27を上流側端部26c,27aと下流側端部26d,27bの各接触部33を固定ネジ28により固定したことを特徴とする。   In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7A, the heated member 26 and the sliding member 27 that receive the radiant heat from the halogen heater 13a are connected to the upstream end portions 26c and 27a and the downstream end portions 26d and 27b, respectively. The contact portion 33 is fixed by a fixing screw 28.

上記構成は、前記第1実施形態のニップ部形成部材12bのように、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とを圧入嵌合等の接合方法を用いた。その上に、記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bを密着接合した密着強度を長期に亘って維持し続けるために改良したものである。ここで、固定ネジ28の少なくともネジ込み先端部28aは、輻射光の被加熱部材26への吸収を妨げないように被加熱部材26の内面と同様に黒く着色されている。   The above-described configuration uses a joining method such as press fitting of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 as in the nip portion forming member 12b of the first embodiment. In addition, the recording material 7 is improved in order to maintain the adhesive strength of the upstream and downstream end portions 21c, 21d, 24a, 24b of the recording material 7 in the transporting direction for a long period of time. Here, at least the threaded tip portion 28a of the fixing screw 28 is colored black like the inner surface of the heated member 26 so as not to prevent the radiation light from being absorbed by the heated member 26.

本実施形態では、圧入嵌合等により密着加工された被加熱部材26と摺動部材27との密着性が製品寿命までの長期に亘って室温と定着時の高温状態とが繰り返される温度変化の大きな環境で使用され続けても接触部33が剥がれることを防止できる。これにより幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が定着ニップ部N2を中央基準で連続して通過する際の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の端部の昇温に対する抑制効果を長期間維持できるようになる。したがって、幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が連続印刷された場合の印刷生産性の低下をより安定して抑制し続けることができるようになる。   In the present embodiment, the adhesion between the heated member 26 and the sliding member 27, which have been closely processed by press-fitting or the like, is such that the temperature change that the room temperature and the high temperature state at the time of fixing are repeated for a long period until the life of the product. It is possible to prevent the contact portion 33 from peeling off even if the contact portion 33 is continuously used in a large environment. As a result, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the longitudinal end of the fixing nip portion N2 can be maintained for a long time when the recording material 7 having a small size in the width direction continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2 based on the center. become. Therefore, it is possible to more stably suppress the decrease in print productivity when the recording material 7 having a small size in the width direction is continuously printed.

尚、本実施形態では、被加熱部材26と摺動部材27とを圧入嵌合してから固定ネジ28によりネジ止め固定した。この他に、グラファイトシート23を被加熱部材26と摺動部材27とに加圧しながら同時に固定ネジ28によりネジ止め固定できる場合には、被加熱部材26と摺動部材27とは、必ずしも嵌合しなくても良い。また、本実施形態では、被加熱部材26と摺動部材27との密着性を長期間維持させる固定手段としてネジ止め加工を用いたが、この他に、リベット等他の固定手段を用いても良い。   In the present embodiment, the member 26 to be heated and the sliding member 27 are press-fitted and then fixed with the fixing screw 28. In addition to this, when the graphite sheet 23 can be screwed and fixed to the heated member 26 and the sliding member 27 simultaneously with the fixing screw 28, the heated member 26 and the sliding member 27 are not necessarily fitted to each other. You don't have to. Further, in the present embodiment, the screwing process is used as the fixing means for maintaining the adhesion between the heated member 26 and the sliding member 27 for a long period of time, but other fixing means such as rivets may be used. good.

尚、ハロゲンヒータ13aからの輻射光を受ける被加熱部材26の内面側に固定手段の部品表面が露出する場合には、その部品の耐熱性及び耐光性が被加熱部材26と同等以上の性能であることが必要である。より好ましくは、被加熱部材26の内面と同様に黒く着色されていることが望ましい。   When the surface of the component of the fixing means is exposed to the inner surface side of the heated member 26 that receives the radiant light from the halogen heater 13a, the heat resistance and light resistance of the component are equal to or higher than those of the heated member 26. It is necessary to be. More preferably, it is desirable that the inner surface of the member 26 to be heated is colored black.

次に、図8を用いて本発明に係る定着装置を備えた画像形成装置の第4実施形態の構成について説明する。尚、前記各実施形態と同様に構成したものは同一の符号、或いは符号が異なっても同一の部材名を付して説明を省略する。図8(a)は、本発明に係る定着装置の第4実施形態の定着上ユニットに設けられるニップ形成部材の構成を示す断面説明図である。図8(b)は、第4実施形態の定着上ユニットのニップ形成部材に設けられる被加熱部材の構成を示す斜視説明図である。尚、図8(a),(b)において、被加熱部材21の内面に設けられている黒色塗装層は省略している。   Next, the configuration of the fourth embodiment of the image forming apparatus including the fixing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The same components as those of the above-described embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals or the same reference numerals are given even if the reference numerals are different, and the description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 8A is a sectional explanatory view showing the structure of the nip forming member provided in the upper fixing unit of the fourth embodiment of the fixing device according to the present invention. FIG. 8B is a perspective explanatory view showing the configuration of the heated member provided in the nip forming member of the upper fixing unit of the fourth embodiment. Note that, in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the black coating layer provided on the inner surface of the heated member 21 is omitted.

本実施形態では、前記第1実施形態と同様に被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bを圧入嵌合し、さらにその後、以下の加工を施すことを特徴としている。即ち、本実施形態では、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との密着強度を長期に亘って維持し続けるために被加熱部材21と摺動部材24の圧入嵌合部をさらにスポット溶接29により接合している。   In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are press-fitted into the upstream and downstream end portions 21c, 21d, 24a, 24b of the recording material 7 in the transport direction, Further, after that, the following processing is performed. That is, in this embodiment, in order to maintain the adhesion strength between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 for a long period of time, the press-fitted fitting portion between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 is further spot-welded by spot welding 29. It is joined.

具体的には、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との溶接方法として図8(a)に示すように、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とを嵌合する。そして、該被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21dの内面と、端部24a,24bの外面とをそれぞれの長手方向に沿って等間隔で複数箇所をスポット溶接している。   Specifically, as a method of welding the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are fitted to each other as shown in FIG. The inner surface of the upstream and downstream end portions 21c and 21d of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 in the conveyance direction of the recording material 7 and the outer surface of the end portions 24a and 24b are arranged along the respective longitudinal directions. Spot welding is performed at multiple points at intervals.

本実施形態によれば、圧入嵌合等により密着加工された被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との密着性が製品寿命までの長期に亘って室温と定着時の高温状態が繰り返される温度変化の大きな環境で使用され続けても接触部31が剥がれることを防止できる。これにより幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が定着ニップ部N2を中央基準で連続して通過する際の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の端部の昇温に対する抑制効果を長期間維持できるようになる。したがって、幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が連続印刷された場合の印刷生産性の低下をより安定して抑制し続けることができるようになる。   According to the present embodiment, the adhesiveness between the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24, which have been closely processed by press-fitting or the like, is a temperature change in which the room temperature and the high temperature state at the time of fixing are repeated for a long period until the product life. Even if the contact portion 31 is continuously used in a large environment, it is possible to prevent the contact portion 31 from peeling off. As a result, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the longitudinal end of the fixing nip portion N2 when the recording material 7 having a small width direction continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2 based on the center can be maintained for a long time. become. Therefore, it is possible to more stably suppress the decrease in print productivity when the recording material 7 having a small size in the width direction is continuously printed.

尚、本実施形態では、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とを圧入嵌合してからスポット溶接29したが、この他に、グラファイトシート23を被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とに加圧しながら同時にスポット溶接29できる場合がある。その場合には、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24とは必ずしも嵌合しなくても良い。また、本実施形態ではスポット溶接29を用いたが、他の溶接方法を用いても良い。例えば、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24の長手方向に沿ってライン状に溶接しても良い。   In the present embodiment, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 are press-fitted and then spot-welded 29. However, in addition to this, the graphite sheet 23 is added to the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. In some cases, spot welding 29 can be performed simultaneously while pressing. In that case, the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 do not necessarily have to be fitted together. Further, although the spot welding 29 is used in the present embodiment, another welding method may be used. For example, the heating target member 21 and the sliding member 24 may be welded in a line shape along the longitudinal direction.

また、厳密には、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との溶接でなくとも、摩擦撹拌点接合や摩擦撹拌接合等他の接合方法を用いても良い。摩擦撹拌接合は、先端に突起のある円筒状の工具を回転させながら強い力で押し付ける。これにより突起部を接合させる部材の接合部に貫入させ、これによって摩擦熱を発生させて接合部材を軟化させるとともに、工具の回転力によって接合部周辺を塑性流動させて練り混ぜることで複数の部材を一体化させる接合法である。   Strictly speaking, other welding methods such as friction stir spot welding and friction stir welding may be used instead of welding the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24. In friction stir welding, a cylindrical tool having a protrusion on its tip is pressed with a strong force while rotating. This causes the protrusion to penetrate into the joint portion of the member to be joined, thereby generating frictional heat to soften the joint member, and the rotational force of the tool causes the peripheral portion of the joint portion to plastically flow and knead to form a plurality of members. It is a joining method that integrates.

例えば、図8(a)に示す構成において、被加熱部材21と摺動部材24の定着フィルム16の回転方向の上流側端部21c,24aと下流側端部21d,24bの接触部31は以下の通り固定される。スポット溶接29(溶接)の代わりに摩擦撹拌接合等により固定することが出来る。   For example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 8A, the contact portions 31 of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 between the upstream end portions 21c and 24a and the downstream end portions 21d and 24b in the rotation direction of the fixing film 16 are as follows. Fixed as the street. Instead of spot welding 29 (welding), it can be fixed by friction stir welding or the like.

また、本実施形態では、被加熱部材21と、摺動部材24を折り曲げた後の端部同士をスポット溶接29した。他の例として、平板状の両板金の間にグラファイトシート23を挟んで折り曲げ後に端部となる位置を予めスポット溶接29した後に折り曲げる加工を行っても良い。   In addition, in the present embodiment, the heated member 21 and the end portions after the sliding member 24 is bent are spot-welded 29. As another example, the graphite sheet 23 may be sandwiched between both flat metal plates, and the end position after bending may be spot welded 29 in advance and then bending may be performed.

尚、スポット溶接29等により被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bを固定する場合は、ハロゲンヒータ13aからの輻射光を受ける被加熱部材21の内面側に溶接表面等が露出する場合がある。その場合には、その表面の耐熱性及び耐光性が被加熱部材21と同等以上の性能であることが必要である。より好ましくは、被加熱部材21の内面と同様に溶接表面等も黒く着色されていることが望ましい。   When fixing the upstream and downstream ends 21c, 21d, 24a and 24b of the recording material 7 in the conveyance direction of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 by spot welding 29 or the like, radiant light from the halogen heater 13a is used. The welding surface and the like may be exposed on the inner surface side of the heated member 21 that receives the heat. In that case, it is necessary that the heat resistance and light resistance of the surface thereof be equal to or higher than that of the member to be heated 21. More preferably, it is desirable that the welding surface and the like, like the inner surface of the heated member 21, be colored black.

本実施形態によれば溶接等を用いてグラファイトシート23を挟む被加熱部材21と摺動部材24との記録材7の搬送方向の上下流側端部21c,21d,24a,24bを密着固定する。これにより定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の定着温度の立ち上がり性能の劣化を抑制しつつ端部昇温抑制効果を安定して得ることができる。   According to this embodiment, the upstream and downstream end portions 21c, 21d, 24a, 24b of the heated member 21 and the sliding member 24 sandwiching the graphite sheet 23 in the conveyance direction of the recording material 7 are closely fixed by welding or the like. . As a result, it is possible to stably obtain the edge temperature rise suppression effect while suppressing deterioration of the fixing temperature rising performance of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12.

尚、前記各実施形態では、被加熱部材21,26の材料として、ステンレス(SUS304)を用いているが、本発明は、必ずしもこの材料に限定されるものではない。同一条件で十分な加圧強度を維持できれば良く、例えば、厚さを増して剛性を同等レベルに上げたアルミニウム製の被加熱部材21,26でも良い。   In each of the above embodiments, stainless steel (SUS304) is used as the material of the members to be heated 21, 26, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this material. It suffices that a sufficient pressurizing strength can be maintained under the same conditions, and for example, heated members 21 and 26 made of aluminum whose thickness is increased to increase rigidity to the same level may be used.

図2(a)に示す加圧ステー19側へのヒートリークに留意して構成する。このように被加熱部材21,26に熱伝導性の高い材料を用いる。これにより幅方向が小サイズの記録材7が定着ニップ部N2を中央基準で連続して通過する。その際の該定着ニップ部N2の長手方向の端部の昇温に対する抑制効果(以下、単に「端部昇温抑制効果」という)が得られる。更に、定着装置12の定着ニップ部N2の定着温度の立ち上がり性能が向上する。   The heat leakage to the pressure stay 19 side shown in FIG. In this way, the materials to be heated 21, 26 are made of a material having high thermal conductivity. As a result, the recording material 7 having a small size in the width direction continuously passes through the fixing nip portion N2 based on the center. At this time, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the end portion of the fixing nip portion N2 in the longitudinal direction (hereinafter, simply referred to as the “end temperature rise suppressing effect”) is obtained. Further, the fixing temperature rising performance of the fixing nip portion N2 of the fixing device 12 is improved.

一方、高熱伝導性を有する摺動部材24,27の材料についてもアルミニウム製のみに限らず、銅等の熱伝導性が高く、定着フィルム16の内面との摺擦に耐えられる硬さを有する他の材料に替えても良い。他の構成は前記各実施形態と同様に構成され、同様の効果を得ることが出来る。   On the other hand, the materials of the sliding members 24 and 27 having high thermal conductivity are not limited to those made of aluminum, but the thermal conductivity of copper or the like is high and the sliding members 24 and 27 have hardness that can withstand sliding contact with the inner surface of the fixing film 16. You may change to the material of. Other configurations are the same as those of the above-described embodiments, and similar effects can be obtained.

N2…定着ニップ部(ニップ部)
12b…ニップ部形成部材
13a…ハロゲンヒータ(ヒータ)
14…加圧ローラ(加圧部材)
16…定着フィルム(フィルム)
21…被加熱部材
23…グラファイトシート(熱伝導部材)
24…摺動部材
N2: Fixing nip part (nip part)
12b... Nip portion forming member 13a... Halogen heater (heater)
14... Pressure roller (pressure member)
16...Fixing film (film)
21... Heated member 23... Graphite sheet (heat conduction member)
24... Sliding member

Claims (10)

筒状のフィルムと、
前記フィルムに内包されたヒータと、
前記フィルムの外面と接触する加圧部材と、
前記フィルムの内面と接触し前記加圧部材と共にニップ部を形成するニップ部形成部材と、
を有し、
前記ニップ部で画像が形成された記録材を搬送しながら加熱して前記画像を記録材に定着する定着装置において、
前記ニップ部形成部材は、
前記ヒータからの輻射熱によって加熱される被加熱部材と、
前記フィルムの内面に接触摺動する摺動部材と、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材との間に設けられ、面方向の熱伝導性が厚み方向の熱伝導性よりも高い熱伝導部材と、
を有し、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の前記フィルムの回転方向の上流側端部と下流側端部とが密着している、
ことを特徴とする定着装置。
A tubular film,
A heater contained in the film,
A pressure member in contact with the outer surface of the film,
A nip portion forming member that contacts the inner surface of the film and forms a nip portion together with the pressure member,
Have
In a fixing device that heats a recording material on which an image is formed in the nip portion while transporting the recording material to fix the image on the recording material,
The nip portion forming member,
A heated member heated by radiant heat from the heater,
A sliding member that slides in contact with the inner surface of the film,
A heat conductive member provided between the heated member and the sliding member, wherein the heat conductivity in the surface direction is higher than the heat conductivity in the thickness direction,
Have a,
The upstream end and the downstream end in the rotation direction of the film of the heated member and the sliding member are in close contact with each other,
A fixing device characterized by the above.
前記熱伝導部材は、グラファイトシートにより構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項に記載の定着装置。 The heat conductive member, the fixing device according to claim 1 or claim 1, characterized in that it is constituted by a graphite sheet. 前記熱伝導部材は、グラファイトシートを複数枚積層して構成されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の定着装置。 The fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the heat conducting member is configured by laminating a plurality of graphite sheets. 前記熱伝導部材と、前記摺動部材とは、前記ニップ部の圧力よりも大きい加圧強度で圧着されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜の何れか1項に記載の定着装置。 And the heat conductive member, said sliding member fixing device according to any one of claim 1 to 3, characterized in that it is compressed at a large pressure pressure strength than the pressure of the nip portion. 前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の何れか一方、または両方に前記熱伝導部材の外形形状に応じた溝部を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1〜の何れか1項に記載の定着装置。 The fixing member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein a groove portion according to the outer shape of the heat conducting member is provided in either or both of the heated member and the sliding member. apparatus. 筒状のフィルムと、
前記フィルムに内包されたヒータと、
前記フィルムの外面と接触する加圧部材と、
前記フィルムの内面と接触し前記加圧部材と共にニップ部を形成するニップ部形成部材と、
を有し、
前記ニップ部で画像が形成された記録材を搬送しながら加熱して前記画像を記録材に定着する定着装置の製造方法において、
前記ニップ部形成部材は、
前記ヒータからの輻射熱によって加熱される被加熱部材と、
前記フィルムの内面に接触摺動する摺動部材と、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材との間に設けられ、面方向の熱伝導性が厚み方向の熱伝導性よりも高い熱伝導部材と、
を有し、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の前記フィルムの回転方向の上流側端部と下流側端部とを嵌合によって密着させたことを特徴とする定着装置の製造方法。
A tubular film,
A heater contained in the film,
A pressure member in contact with the outer surface of the film,
A nip portion forming member that contacts the inner surface of the film and forms a nip portion together with the pressure member,
Have
In a method of manufacturing a fixing device that heats a recording material on which an image is formed in the nip portion while conveying the recording material to fix the image on the recording material,
The nip portion forming member,
A heated member heated by radiant heat from the heater,
A sliding member that slides in contact with the inner surface of the film,
A heat conductive member provided between the heated member and the sliding member, wherein the heat conductivity in the surface direction is higher than the heat conductivity in the thickness direction,
Have
A method for manufacturing a fixing device, characterized in that the heated member and the sliding member are brought into close contact with each other by fitting an upstream end and a downstream end of the film in the rotation direction of the film.
筒状のフィルムと、
前記フィルムに内包されたヒータと、
前記フィルムの外面と接触する加圧部材と、
前記フィルムの内面と接触し前記加圧部材と共にニップ部を形成するニップ部形成部材と、
を有し、
前記ニップ部で画像が形成された記録材を搬送しながら加熱して前記画像を記録材に定着する定着装置の製造方法において、
前記ニップ部形成部材は、
前記ヒータからの輻射熱によって加熱される被加熱部材と、
前記フィルムの内面に接触摺動する摺動部材と、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材との間に設けられ、面方向の熱伝導性が厚み方向の熱伝導性よりも高い熱伝導部材と、
を有し、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の前記フィルムの回転方向の上流側端部と下流側端部の接触部を機械的部品により固定したことを特徴とする定着装置の製造方法。
A tubular film,
A heater contained in the film,
A pressure member in contact with the outer surface of the film,
A nip portion forming member that contacts the inner surface of the film and forms a nip portion together with the pressure member,
Have
In a method of manufacturing a fixing device that heats a recording material on which an image is formed in the nip portion while conveying the recording material to fix the image on the recording material,
The nip portion forming member,
A heated member heated by radiant heat from the heater,
A sliding member that slides in contact with the inner surface of the film,
A heat conductive member provided between the heated member and the sliding member, wherein the heat conductivity in the surface direction is higher than the heat conductivity in the thickness direction,
Have
A method of manufacturing a fixing device, characterized in that a contact portion between an upstream end and a downstream end of the heated member and the sliding member in the rotation direction of the film is fixed by mechanical parts.
筒状のフィルムと、
前記フィルムに内包されたヒータと、
前記フィルムの外面と接触する加圧部材と、
前記フィルムの内面と接触し前記加圧部材と共にニップ部を形成するニップ部形成部材と、
を有し、
前記ニップ部で画像が形成された記録材を搬送しながら加熱して前記画像を記録材に定着する定着装置の製造方法において、
前記ニップ部形成部材は、
前記ヒータからの輻射熱によって加熱される被加熱部材と、
前記フィルムの内面に接触摺動する摺動部材と、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材との間に設けられ、面方向の熱伝導性が厚み方向の熱伝導性よりも高い熱伝導部材と、
を有し、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の前記フィルムの回転方向の上流側端部と下流側端部の接触部を溶接により固定したことを特徴とする定着装置の製造方法。
A tubular film,
A heater contained in the film,
A pressure member in contact with the outer surface of the film,
A nip portion forming member that contacts the inner surface of the film and forms a nip portion together with the pressure member,
Have
In a method of manufacturing a fixing device that heats a recording material on which an image is formed in the nip portion while conveying the recording material to fix the image on the recording material,
The nip portion forming member,
A heated member heated by radiant heat from the heater,
A sliding member that slides in contact with the inner surface of the film,
A heat conductive member provided between the heated member and the sliding member, wherein the heat conductivity in the surface direction is higher than the heat conductivity in the thickness direction,
Have
A method for manufacturing a fixing device, wherein a contact portion between an upstream end and a downstream end of the heated member and the sliding member in the rotation direction of the film is fixed by welding.
筒状のフィルムと、
前記フィルムに内包されたヒータと、
前記フィルムの外面と接触する加圧部材と、
前記フィルムの内面と接触し前記加圧部材と共にニップ部を形成するニップ部形成部材と、
を有し、
前記ニップ部で画像が形成された記録材を搬送しながら加熱して前記画像を記録材に定着する定着装置の製造方法において、
前記ニップ部形成部材は、
前記ヒータからの輻射熱によって加熱される被加熱部材と、
前記フィルムの内面に接触摺動する摺動部材と、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材との間に設けられ、面方向の熱伝導性が厚み方向の熱伝導性よりも高い熱伝導部材と、
を有し、
前記被加熱部材と前記摺動部材の前記フィルムの回転方向の上流側端部と下流側端部の接触部を摩擦撹拌接合により固定したことを特徴とする定着装置の製造方法。
A tubular film,
A heater contained in the film,
A pressure member in contact with the outer surface of the film,
A nip portion forming member that contacts the inner surface of the film and forms a nip portion together with the pressure member,
Have
In a method of manufacturing a fixing device that heats a recording material on which an image is formed in the nip portion while conveying the recording material to fix the image on the recording material,
The nip portion forming member,
A heated member heated by radiant heat from the heater,
A sliding member that slides in contact with the inner surface of the film,
A heat conductive member provided between the heated member and the sliding member, wherein the heat conductivity in the surface direction is higher than the heat conductivity in the thickness direction,
Have
A method for manufacturing a fixing device, characterized in that a contact portion between an upstream end portion and a downstream end portion of the heated member and the sliding member in the rotation direction of the film is fixed by friction stir welding.
請求項1〜のいずれか1項に記載の定着装置を有し、記録材に画像を形成することを特徴とする画像形成装置。 A fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the image forming apparatus and forming an image on a recording material.
JP2016089366A 2016-04-27 2016-04-27 Fixing device, image forming apparatus, and method of manufacturing fixing device Expired - Fee Related JP6700939B2 (en)

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