JP6705249B2 - Method for manufacturing press-formed product made of tailored blank material - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、板厚および材質の少なくともいずれかが異なる複数の鋼板を溶接したテーラードブランク材を冷間プレス成形するプレス成形品の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a press-formed product, which comprises cold-press-forming a tailored blank material obtained by welding a plurality of steel plates having different plate thicknesses and different materials.
近年、自動車などの車体の高剛性化、軽量化を目指し、９８０MPa級以上の高強度鋼板を用いたテーラードブランク技術が採用されてきている。
このような高強度鋼板を用いたテーラードブランク技術の広がりにより、溶接直後のテーラードブランク材をプレス成形すると成形性が低く、溶接ビードでの割れを生じるという現象が散見されるようになってきている。この現象は、特に、テーラードブランク材の溶接からプレス成形までの時間が短いほど発生し易く、また、冬季に発生することが多い。
In recent years, tailored blank technology using high-strength steel sheets of 980 MPa class or higher has been adopted in order to increase the rigidity and weight of automobile bodies.
Due to the spread of tailored blank technology using such high-strength steel sheets, the phenomenon that when the tailored blank material immediately after welding is press-formed has low formability and cracks occur in the weld beads, it is becoming more and more common. .. This phenomenon is more likely to occur especially when the time from welding of the tailored blank material to press forming is shorter, and often occurs in winter.
この現象については、これまで報告されておらず、原因は不明確であったが、経験的には、溶接からプレス成形までの時間を長くするほど、成形性が向上することが知られている。
しかし、溶接からプレス成形までに所定の時間（たとえば数日以上）、テーラードブランク材を待機させることは、在庫を極力持たないことが要求される自動車分野では、生産効率の阻害要因となる。
This phenomenon has not been reported so far, and the cause was unclear, but it is empirically known that the longer the time from welding to press forming, the better the formability. ..
However, keeping the tailored blank material on standby for a predetermined time (for example, several days or more) from welding to press forming becomes a factor that hinders production efficiency in the automobile field where inventory is required to be kept to a minimum.
このような、テーラードブランク材のプレス成形時の割れによる歩留まりの低下は、生産工程を調整しなければならない問題に加え、テーラードブランク溶接組立ラインでは、溶接部の品質保証として、操業初めの１枚目溶接材を直ちに、エリクセン（成形）試験し、溶接部の良否を判定し、連続生産を開始するのが通常であるため、良判定が得られない限り、実際の連続生産を開始できない、すなわち、ラインが数日間停止するという問題もある。
換言すれば、このような現象は、テーラードブランク溶接組立後に直ちに、成形試験により品質を確認し、実連続生産に移行するテーラードブランク技術において、９８０MPa級鋼を超える高強度な鋼板の適用が増えることにより、顕在化してきた課題であり、溶接直後に直ちに、溶接部の成形性を確保する技術が必要となった。
In addition to the problem of having to adjust the production process, the decrease in yield due to cracking during press forming of the tailored blank material also causes a problem in the tailored blank welding assembly line, as a quality assurance of the welded part Since it is usual to perform an Erichsen (molding) test immediately on the eye-welding material, judge the quality of the welded part, and start continuous production, unless the good judgment is obtained, the actual continuous production cannot be started. There is also the problem that the line will stop for a few days.
In other words, such a phenomenon is likely to increase the application of high-strength steel sheets exceeding 980 MPa class steel in the tailored blank technology in which the quality is confirmed by the forming test immediately after tailored blank welding and assembly and the production is shifted to actual continuous production. This is a problem that has become apparent, and a technique for ensuring the formability of the welded portion is required immediately after welding.
テーラードブランク材の成形性改善の技術としては、例えば次のような技術が開示されている。
特許文献１には、テーラードブランク材を加熱し、プレス成形を行う技術が開示されている。
特許文献２には、レーザ溶接直後に、熱処理により、レーザ溶接部の割れを防止する技術が開示されている。
特許文献３および特許文献４の所謂ホットプレス成形技術では、テーラードブランク溶接部の脱水という観点での熱処理技術が開示されている。
As a technique for improving the formability of a tailored blank material, for example, the following technique is disclosed.
Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of heating a tailored blank material and performing press molding.
Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of preventing cracks in a laser welded portion by heat treatment immediately after laser welding.
The so-called hot press forming techniques of Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose heat treatment techniques from the viewpoint of dehydration of tailored blank welds.
特許文献１の技術は、プレス機内での加熱を必要とし、本発明で用いる冷間プレス装置には適用できない。特許文献２は、レーザ溶接直後に新たな熱処理装置を付随させる必要がある。また、レーザ溶接時の凝固割れを対象としたものであり、本発明のように、冷間プレス成形での割れの対策については何ら示唆がない。特許文献３および４は、いずれもプレス時に焼入れが入るほどの高温に加熱する技術であり、鋼板の特性そのものが変化するため、適用できない。
そこで本発明は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑み、テーラードブランク材を冷間プレス成形する際に割れが発生するのを防止することを課題とする。
The technique of Patent Document 1 requires heating in a press machine and cannot be applied to the cold press device used in the present invention. In Patent Document 2, it is necessary to attach a new heat treatment apparatus immediately after laser welding. Further, it is intended for solidification cracking at the time of laser welding, and there is no suggestion as to measures against cracking in cold press forming as in the present invention. Both of Patent Documents 3 and 4 are technologies for heating to a temperature high enough to cause quenching during pressing, and cannot be applied because the characteristics themselves of the steel sheet change.
Therefore, in view of the problems of the above-described conventional techniques, it is an object of the present invention to prevent cracks from occurring during cold press forming of a tailored blank material.
本発明者らは、この現象の解明及び課題解決を図るため、成形時の割れ発生頻度について、要因と考えらえる様々な観点から調査した。
その結果、割れ発生頻度は、溶接回数が多くなるほど高くなること、その原因として、多量の連続生産によって溶接クランプジグに蓄積された油が溶接時に気化し、溶接ビードに侵入することにより、溶接ビード内の水素濃度が高くなり、成形時のビード破断を引き起こすと考えられることが判った。
In order to clarify this phenomenon and solve the problem, the present inventors have investigated the crack occurrence frequency during molding from various viewpoints considered to be a factor.
As a result, the frequency of cracking increases as the number of welds increases.The reason is that the oil accumulated in the welding clamp jig is vaporized during welding due to a large amount of continuous production and penetrates into the welding bead, which causes It was found that the hydrogen concentration in the steel becomes high, which may cause bead breakage during molding.
このような多量の連続生産における割れ発生に対する手法として、溶接時に用いるクランプジグ自体の清掃頻度を増すことが有効であると考えられるが、この手法ではライン停止を必要とし、生産効率の低下からその頻度はできるだけ少なくする必要があるため、採用は困難である。 It is considered that increasing the frequency of cleaning the clamp jig itself used during welding is effective as a method to prevent cracks in such a large quantity of continuous production, but this method requires a line stop and decreases the production efficiency. It is difficult to hire because it needs to be as small as possible.
本発明者らは、このことから前記課題を解決する方法について鋭意検討した結果、テーラードブランク材の平均板厚に応じて、適正な温度と時間で加熱してから冷間プレス成形すれば、割れが発生しないことを確認し、以下に記載する発明に到達した。 As a result of intensive studies on the method for solving the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention, depending on the average plate thickness of the tailored blank material, perform cold press molding after heating at an appropriate temperature and time, and It was confirmed that the above phenomenon did not occur, and the invention described below was reached.
［１］複数枚の鋼板を接合したテーラードブランク材をプレス成形する、テーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品の製造方法において、前記テーラードブランク材を、加熱温度Ｔ（℃）が５０℃以上２５０℃以下であり、かつ下記式（１）を満たす範囲の加熱時間で加熱し、その後、冷間プレス成形することを特徴とするテーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品の製造方法。
ｔ≧（５２×Ｄ）２×Ｔ−１．６ ・・・（１）
ここで、ｔ：加熱時間（ｈ）、Ｔ：加熱温度（℃）、Ｄ：複数枚の鋼板の平均板厚（ｍｍ）を示す。
[1] In a method of manufacturing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank material, in which a tailored blank material in which a plurality of steel plates are joined is press-molded, the tailored blank material has a heating temperature T (°C) of 50°C to 250°C. And a method of manufacturing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank material, which comprises heating for a heating time within a range that satisfies the following formula (1), and then cold press-forming.
t≧(52×D) 2 ×T −1.6 (1)
Here, t: heating time (h), T: heating temperature (° C.), D: average plate thickness (mm) of a plurality of steel plates.
［２］前記冷間プレス成形は、複数枚の鋼板の平均温度が５０℃未満で行なうことを特徴とする上記［１］に記載のテーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品の製造方法。
［３］前記複数枚の鋼板の少なくとも１枚の鋼板の引張強さが、980MPa以上の鋼板であることを特徴とする上記［１］または［２］に記載のテーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品の製造方法。
［４］前記テーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品が自動車の車体部品であることを特徴とする［１］〜［３］のいずれかに記載のテーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品の製造方法。
[2] The method for producing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank according to the above [1], wherein the cold press-forming is performed at an average temperature of a plurality of steel plates of less than 50°C.
[3] A press-formed product made of the tailored blank material according to [1] or [2], wherein at least one of the plurality of steel plates has a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more. Manufacturing method.
[4] The method for manufacturing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank material according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the press-formed product made of the tailored blank material is a vehicle body part of an automobile.
本発明によれば、テーラードブランク材の平均板厚に応じた、温度と時間で加熱することで、生産効率の低下の問題を生じることなく、冷間プレスの際に割れが発生することを防止できる。 According to the present invention, by heating at a temperature and time according to the average plate thickness of the tailored blank material, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring during cold pressing without causing a problem of reduction in production efficiency. it can.
本発明の対象とするテーラードブランク材（以下、「ＴＷＢ材」という。）は、複数枚の鋼板の板厚や成分、引張強さ、めっきの有無といった材質や状態が異なる鋼板同士をレーザ溶接などで、突き合わせまたは重ねて溶接した材料、および、複数枚の鋼板の板厚や成分、引張強さ、めっきの有無といった材質や状態が同じ鋼板同士をレーザ溶接などで突き合わせ、または重ねて溶接した材料である。 The tailored blank material (hereinafter, referred to as “TWB material”) which is a target of the present invention is laser welding of steel sheets having different materials and states such as thickness, composition, tensile strength, presence or absence of plating of a plurality of steel sheets. Then, materials that are butt-welded or overlapped and welded, and materials that have the same material and condition such as plate thickness and composition of multiple steel plates, tensile strength, and the presence or absence of plating, butted by laser welding, or materials that are overlapped and welded Is.
本発明者らは、まず、ＴＷＢ材をプレス成形して割れが発生する部位は溶接金属部（溶接ビード）であり、かつ、数日間放置してからプレス成形すると割れが発生しないことを確認した。このような現象を示す割れの原因は水素ではないかと推察し、水素起因による溶接金属の割れを改善する技術である特許文献５を参考に、板厚１．５〜２．５ｍｍ、引張強さ９８０MPaの鋼板を突き合わせレーザ溶接し、１５０℃〜３００℃の温度範囲で１８０秒〜６６０秒加熱し、多数のＴＷＢ材を作製した。その後、室温にてエリクセン試験を行い、ビード内の割れの有無を調べたところ、すべての試験材に割れが発生した。 The present inventors first confirmed that the site where cracking occurs when press-molding a TWB material is a weld metal part (welding bead) and that cracking does not occur when press-molding after being left for several days. . It is presumed that hydrogen is the cause of the cracks exhibiting such a phenomenon, and with reference to Patent Document 5 which is a technique for improving the cracks of the weld metal due to hydrogen, the plate thickness is 1.5 to 2.5 mm and the tensile strength is A 980 MPa steel plate was butt-laser welded and heated in a temperature range of 150° C. to 300° C. for 180 seconds to 660 seconds to produce a large number of TWB materials. After that, when an Erichsen test was performed at room temperature to examine the presence or absence of cracks in the beads, cracks occurred in all the test materials.
本発明者らは、この現象解明及び課題解決を図るため、成形時の割れ発生頻度について調査した結果、割れ発生頻度は、溶接回数が多くなるほど、高くなることが判明した（図１参照）。すなわち、鋼板上には、防錆油が塗布されるが、この油は、溶接時に気化し、溶接クランプ周りに付着し、同じ溶接クランプジグで溶接回数が増えるほど、油の蓄積量は多くなる。この溶接クランプジグに蓄積された油が、鋼板のレーザ溶接時に気化し、溶接ビードに侵入することにより、溶接ビード内の水素濃度が高くなり、ＴＷＢ材のプレス成形時のビード破断を引き起こすことが推測された。 In order to clarify this phenomenon and solve the problem, the present inventors investigated the crack occurrence frequency during forming, and found that the crack occurrence frequency increased as the number of weldings increased (see FIG. 1). That is, the rust preventive oil is applied on the steel sheet, but this oil is vaporized during welding and adheres around the welding clamp. As the number of welding times increases with the same welding clamp jig, the amount of accumulated oil increases. It is speculated that the oil accumulated in this welding clamp jig vaporizes during laser welding of steel sheets and enters the welding beads, increasing the hydrogen concentration in the welding beads and causing bead rupture during press forming of TWB materials. Was done.
そこで、板厚１．５〜３．０ｍｍ、引張強さ７８０〜１１８０MPaの鋼板を突き合わせレーザ溶接して作製した多数のＴＷＢ材について、加熱温度と加熱時間の水準を大幅に変化させた熱処理を行なった。その後、室温にて、エリクセン試験を行い、溶接金属（ビード内）に発生する割れを調査し、割れ発生有無のデータを回帰曲線で表した。
その結果、本発明者らは、ＴＷＢ材を構成する複数の鋼板の平均板厚Ｄ(mm)と、選定した加熱温度Ｔ（℃）に応じて、ＴＷＢ材を下記の（１）式を満たす加熱時間t（ｈ）で熱処理すると、エリクセン試験での割れが発生しないという知見を得た。
ｔ≧ （５２×Ｄ）２×Ｔ−１．６ ・・・（１）
Therefore, a large number of TWB materials produced by butt-laser welding steel plates having a plate thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm and a tensile strength of 780 to 1180 MPa are subjected to heat treatment in which the levels of heating temperature and heating time are significantly changed. It was After that, an Erichsen test was performed at room temperature, cracks generated in the weld metal (in the beads) were investigated, and data on the presence or absence of cracks were represented by a regression curve.
As a result, the inventors of the present invention satisfy the following formula (1) for the TWB material according to the average plate thickness D (mm) of the plurality of steel plates constituting the TWB material and the selected heating temperature T (°C). It has been found that when heat treatment is performed for a heating time t(h), no crack occurs in the Erichsen test.
t≧(52×D) 2 ×T −1.6 (1)
ここで、加熱温度は、ＴＷＢ材への熱影響やコストなどを考慮して次の範囲内で選定する。すなわち、加熱温度が高すぎる場合には、鋼板表面の変色や変質が生じ、次プレス、塗装などの次工程への影響が懸念されるため、２５０℃以下、望ましくは、２００℃以下とする。また、低すぎる場合には長時間の加熱が必要となるため、５０℃以上とする。 Here, the heating temperature is selected within the following range in consideration of the heat influence on the TWB material, the cost, and the like. That is, when the heating temperature is too high, the surface of the steel sheet is discolored or deteriorated, which may affect the next step such as the next press or coating. If it is too low, heating for a long time is required, so the temperature is set to 50°C or higher.
ＴＷＢ材を熱処理後、冷間プレスする際、ＴＷＢ材の温度が５０℃未満にまで下がってから、プレスすることが好ましい。ＴＷＢ材の温度が高いと、冷間プレス用金型の寿命が短くなるからである。 When heat-treating the TWB material and then cold-pressing it, it is preferable that the temperature of the TWB material be lowered to less than 50° C. before the pressing. This is because if the temperature of the TWB material is high, the life of the cold pressing mold is shortened.
適用できる鋼板（強度、板厚、成分）は、特に規定する必要はないが、ＴＷＢ材での割れは、高強度鋼板が1枚以上含まれる場合によく発生するので、少なくとも1枚以上の鋼板の引張強さは９８０ＭＰａ以上であるＴＷＢ材に適用するのが特に有効である。鋼板は、めっきしてもしてなくてもよく、また、種々のめっき鋼板に適用できる。 Applicable steel sheets (strength, thickness, composition) need not be specified in particular, but cracks in TWB materials often occur when one or more high-strength steel sheets are included, so at least one or more steel sheets. It is particularly effective to apply to a TWB material having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more. The steel sheet may or may not be plated and is applicable to various plated steel sheets.
ＴＷＢ材は、複数の鋼板を突き合わせ溶接して作製することが好ましいが、重ね溶接がなされる所謂パッチワークテーラードにおいても同様の効果が得られる。溶接は、レーザ溶接が好ましい。レーザ溶接は、ＣＯ２レーザ、ＹＡＧレーザ、ファイバーレーザなど、全てのレーザが使用できる。 The TWB material is preferably produced by butt welding a plurality of steel plates, but the same effect can be obtained in so-called patchwork tailoring in which lap welding is performed. The welding is preferably laser welding. For laser welding, all lasers such as CO 2 laser, YAG laser, and fiber laser can be used.
次に、本発明の実施例について説明する。実施例での条件は、本発明の実施可能性及び効果を確認するために採用した一条件例であり、本発明は、この一条件例に限定されるものではない。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The conditions in the examples are one condition example adopted to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this one condition example.
引張強さ９８０ＭＰａの鋼板（１．６ｍｍ厚、１．６ｔと記載、以下同様）と引張強さ５８０ＭＰａの鋼板１．６ｔとを突き合わせて、レーザ溶接してＴＷＢ材とした。また、引張強さ１１８０ＭＰａの鋼板２．３ｔと引張強さ７８０ＭＰａの鋼板２．３ｔとを突き合わせて、レーザ溶接してＴＷＢ材とした。
続いて、得られたＴＷＢ材に表１に示す温度、時間の熱処理を行い、各例についてそれぞれ５個の試験体をエリクセン試験することにより、その割れの発生頻度を調査した。
A steel plate having a tensile strength of 980 MPa (1.6 mm thickness, described as 1.6 t, the same applies hereinafter) and a steel plate having a tensile strength of 580 MPa 1.6 t were butted and laser-welded to obtain a TWB material. Further, a steel plate 2.3t having a tensile strength of 1180 MPa and a steel plate 2.3t having a tensile strength of 780 MPa were butted against each other and laser-welded to obtain a TWB material.
Subsequently, the obtained TWB material was subjected to heat treatment at the temperature and time shown in Table 1, and five specimens for each example were subjected to Erichsen test to investigate the occurrence frequency of the cracks.
レーザ溶接には、ファイバーレーザを用い、板厚１．６ｔ同士では３．５ｋＷの出力で、２．３ｔ同士では４．５ｋＷの出力で貫通溶接を実施し、溶接部にアンダーフィル（ＵＦ）や割れ・ピンホールなどの溶接欠陥が無いことを確認した後、常温にてエリクセン試験を実施した。
レーザ溶接線に対し、鉛直方向に割れが発生した場合を○、溶接ビード内に、ビード方向に沿って平行な割れが観られた場合に×と判定した。結果を表１に示す。
表１には、式（１）で計算される最低の時間すなわち予想必要時間（ｈ）を記載した。
表１に示されるように、保持時間が予想必要時間以上である例では、ビード内に割れが認められず、本発明の効果が確認された。
A fiber laser is used for laser welding, and penetration welding is performed with an output of 3.5 kW for 1.6 t plates and an output of 4.5 kW for 2.3 t plates, and underfill (UF) or After confirming that there were no welding defects such as cracks and pinholes, an Erichsen test was performed at room temperature.
When the crack was generated in the vertical direction with respect to the laser welding line, it was evaluated as ◯, and when parallel cracks were observed in the weld bead along the bead direction, it was evaluated as x. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the minimum required time calculated by the formula (1), that is, the expected required time (h).
As shown in Table 1, in the example in which the holding time was longer than the expected required time, no crack was observed in the bead, confirming the effect of the present invention.
Claims (4)
前記レーザ溶接したテーラードブランク材を、加熱温度Ｔ（℃）が５０℃以上２５０℃以下であり、かつ下記式（１）を満たす範囲の加熱時間で加熱し、その後、冷間プレス成形することを特徴とするテーラードブランク材からなるプレス成形品の製造方法。
ｔ≧（５２×Ｄ）２×Ｔ−１．６ ・・・（１）
ここで、ｔ：加熱時間（ｈ）、Ｔ：加熱温度（℃）、Ｄ：複数枚の鋼板の平均板厚（ｍｍ）を示す。
In a method of manufacturing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank material, which comprises press-forming a tailored blank material obtained by laser-welding a plurality of steel plates each having a plate thickness of 3.0 mm or less ,
The laser-welded tailored blank material is heated at a heating temperature T (° C.) of 50° C. or higher and 250° C. or lower for a heating time within a range that satisfies the following formula (1), and then cold press-formed. A method for producing a press-formed product made of a characteristic tailored blank material.
t≧(52×D) 2 ×T −1.6 (1)
Here, t: heating time (h), T: heating temperature (° C.), D: average plate thickness (mm) of a plurality of steel plates.
The method for producing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank material according to claim 1, wherein the cold press-forming is performed at an average temperature of a plurality of steel plates of less than 50°C.
The method for producing a press-formed product made of a tailored blank material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the plurality of steel plates is a steel plate having a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more.
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