JP6718293B2 - Antiviral agent and antiviral food composition - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a novel antiviral agent and an antiviral food composition, particularly an antiviral agent and an antiviral food composition containing a bamboo shoot-derived substance as an active ingredient and used for the prevention or treatment of viral infections.

Viral infectious disease is an infectious disease caused by the invasion of a virus, which is a pathogen that exists in the environment (air, water, soil, animals, etc.) into the human body and ends with a local epidemic. However, the movement of animals (especially humans) can spread the infection on a global scale and pose a public health problem.
A virus is a microparasite generally having a size of about 0.02 to 0.3 μm, and is mainly composed of a protein shell (capsid) and a nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) inside the shell. There is.
Viruses are completely cell-dependent for their replication and first adsorb to the host cell and enter the cell. Then, in the cell, DNA and RNA are released (unshelled) to be replicated, but a specific enzyme is required in the process. Virus-infected host cells fail to function normally and usually die, releasing new virus from the host cells and further infecting other host cells.
Viruses are roughly classified into DNA viruses having DNA as the genome and RNA viruses having RNA. Among the RNA viruses, typical viruses include influenza viruses that cause respiratory diseases and rotaviruses that cause digestive diseases. Viruses and noroviruses are known.

The influenza virus causes influenza, which is an acute respiratory infection, with millions of influenza cases reported every winter in the country, and influenza is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In particular, it is an important disease for infants and the elderly, and the complication rate of pneumonia is high in the elderly, and the majority of deaths due to influenza are in the elderly.
Influenza virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family and is classified into A type, B type and C type according to the difference in the antigenicity of nucleoprotein. Among them, glycoproteins on the surface of viruses of type A and type B have large mutations, which is a cause of many types of influenza. In particular, the influenza A virus is prone to influenza virus infection every year because its antigenicity is easily mutated.

Influenza vaccines are used to prevent influenza virus infections, and it is generally practiced to establish an immune system against the influenza virus in the body in advance by subcutaneously or intramuscularly injecting the vaccine to prevent infections. ..
In addition, as a therapeutic agent for influenza, for example, amantadine (trade name: Symmetrel (registered trademark)), which suppresses viral growth by inhibiting M2 protein required for intracellular RNA release during viral uncoating process Is used. In addition, oseltamivir (trade name: Tamiflu (registered trademark)) and zanamivir (trade name: Relenza (registered trademark), which suppress viral growth by inhibiting neuraminidase required for virus release from infected host cells in the process of virus release Trademark)) is used.

However, with regard to preventive vaccines, in particular with influenza A virus, it is difficult to predict the epidemic antigen type due to the tendency of the antigenicity to be mutated, and in addition, it takes time to produce the vaccine. Difficult to manufacture and supply.
Further, regarding the therapeutic agent for influenza, while its effectiveness is recognized, there are problems such as side effects and emergence of resistant strains. In addition, amantadine has an effect of inhibiting the M2 protein of type A virus, but cannot bind to the protein of type B virus and has no effect. Even with the same active ingredient, the effect differs depending on the type of virus (see Non-Patent Document 1). ..
Influenza is a contagious disease that continues to cause major epidemics even in modern times due to its powerful transmission power, and has caused enormous damage to society. There are few drugs that are effective and highly safe against influenza viruses, and the emergence of resistant viruses is also a problem, so the development of anti-influenza virus drugs with a new mechanism is strongly desired.

Rotavirus is a virus that causes infectious gastroenteritis, which is a digestive system disease, and is generally known as a cause of infant diarrhea and vomiting diarrhea. In particular, infantile diarrhea seen in winter is a severe diarrheal disease that causes fever, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration mainly in infants under the age of two.
In Japan, it is estimated that the annual number of patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis is about 800,000, and the number of hospitalizations is about 70,000 to 80,000, and several deaths are reported every year. Rotavirus is extremely infectious, and it is believed that even in developed countries with well-established hygienic environments, almost 100% of humans will be infected with rotavirus by the age of about five. In the United States, about 500,000 or more people are mainly diagnosed with diarrhea every year, and especially children are prone to serious diarrhea, and about 10% of affected patients are said to be hospitalized. It is thought that there are regional differences, but it is believed that about 700,000 people die worldwide each year.
Epidemiologic surveys in developed countries have shown that improved hygiene cannot reduce the prevalence of rotavirus. In addition, although a vaccine against rotavirus has been developed for some time, there are ineffective vaccine types and recombinants, so countermeasures against them are required. Therefore, development of a novel mechanism of rotavirus therapeutic agent is expected.

In addition, norovirus is a virus that causes infectious gastroenteritis, which is a gastrointestinal disease, and causes food poisoning by eating shellfish such as oysters, as well as feces and vomiting of infected humans Orally transmitted through dust emitted from things. Outbreaks caused by Norovirus genus occur sporadically in schools, infant facilities, elderly facilities, etc. around the world, and in some cases, dehydration causes severe illness and death.
Norovirus infectious diseases have been increasing in recent years, and noroviruses may repeat mutations and may be mutated so as to infect humans from one person to another, and often have pandemics because they do not have an antibody against a new type of norovirus. However, some vaccines against norovirus are still in the process of development although some of them are recognized to be effective, and development of norovirus vaccine and development of therapeutic agents for norovirus having a novel mechanism are expected.

On the other hand, bamboo shoots are young shoots of bamboos or bamboo grass belonging to Gramineae subfamily, and have been used as foodstuffs in Japan and China since ancient times. As bamboo shoots used for food in Japan, madake (mantake) and hachiku (tantake) are known as representatives of moss bamboo (Moso bamboo). Bamboo shoots are rich in dietary fiber and protein as nutritional components, and contain vitamins such as vitamin B1 and vitamin B2, and minerals. It is also known to contain amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid as umami components, and oxalic acid and homogentisic acid as acrid components. Rich in dietary fiber, it is said to be effective in preventing constipation and colon cancer.

Regarding the functionality of the extract of bamboo such as antibacterial activity and antiviral activity, for example, Patent Document 1 describes that the p-benzoquinone derivative, which is a component of the extract of bamboo, exhibits antibacterial and antiviral properties. There is. In Patent Document 1, only the growth inhibitory effect on bacteria is tested, the antiviral activity is not tested, and there is no description regarding bamboo shoots.
Patent Document 2 describes that an extract component of a Gramineae plant exhibits antibacterial and antiviral properties. Patent Document 2 does not test the antiviral activity and does not describe Bamboo shoots.
Patent Document 3 describes an antiviral composition containing a bamboo extract (skin of bamboo plant, bamboo root) as an active ingredient. Patent Document 3 tests the antiviral effect against influenza virus, feline calicivirus, and norovirus, but does not describe bamboo shoots.
Patent Document 4 describes an antitumor composition extracted from bamboos including bamboo shoots. Patent Document 4 shows test results effective for adult T-cell leukemia caused by retrovirus infection. It is also described that it can be used as an antiviral agent against hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and AIDS, but there is no description about influenza, rotavirus, or norovirus.

As mentioned above, although the antibacterial activity and antiviral activity of bamboo extract have been reported, only a part of the antiviral activity has not been clarified, and the antiviral activity of bamboo shoots has been studied in detail. At present, there is no such thing, and it is desired to elucidate functions other than the above-mentioned functions and to develop methods of using these substances.

JP, 2003-290613, A JP, 2006-320310, A JP, 2011-46636, A JP-A-7-300424

Norio Sugaya, "Virus", Volume 55, No. 1, 2005, p.111-114

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a novel antiviral agent and a novel antiviral food composition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an antiviral agent and a food composition for antivirus, which are new methods of utilizing substances derived from bamboo shoots.

As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the bamboo shoot-derived substance has an action of inhibiting the growth of viruses, particularly RNA viruses such as influenza virus, rotavirus and norovirus.
More specifically, these viruses are adsorbed to host cells in vivo, enter the cells, and are released (unshelled) by RNA inside the cells to be replicated, and the replicated viruses are released from the host cells and proliferate. However, the present inventors have revealed that the bamboo shoot-derived substance inhibits the adsorption of the virus to the host cell in the growth mechanism of these viruses, and also inhibits the proliferation of the virus in the host cell. The present invention has been clarified.
Further, the present inventors have revealed that bamboo shoot-derived substances inhibit the adsorption of these viruses in the growth mechanism of viruses such as rotavirus, and also inhibit the intracellular growth of these viruses. The present invention has been clarified. Specifically, a substance derived from bamboo shoots is a glycoprotein (eg, hemagglutinin) or a specific enzyme (eg, RNA polymerase) required for the adsorption time of these viruses in the growth mechanism of viruses such as rotavirus and the replication/release time of these viruses. The present invention has been accomplished by clarifying that it inhibits the activity of

Therefore, according to the antiviral agent of the present invention, the above-mentioned problem contains an extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots as an active ingredient and is used for the prevention or treatment of viral infections, and the virus is rotavirus. it is solved by.
The virus is preferably an RNA virus, and more preferably any virus selected from the group consisting of influenza virus, rotavirus and norovirus among RNA viruses.
Also, the rotavirus is preferably a rotavirus strain KRH-2.
With the above configuration, for example, when a substance derived from bamboo shoots is administered to a human, particularly a virus-infected patient, the substance derived from bamboo shoots acts to inhibit virus growth in vivo, and therefore the present invention provides a preventive or therapeutic agent for viral infections. Can be used as
Then, by administering the substance derived from bamboo shoots, the inhibitory effect on virus growth is improved.
And, it can be suitably used as a preventive agent or a therapeutic agent for an influenza virus infection, a rotavirus infection, or a norovirus infection, which causes a huge damage to society due to its strong transmission power among RNA virus infections.
It can also be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent against the KRH-2 strain of rotavirus isolated from a vaccinated infant.
Further, it can be used as a preventive agent or a therapeutic agent against rotavirus against which the vaccine is ineffective.

In this case, the extract of the bamboo shoots are further good and is a hot water extract of the edible part of the bamboo shoots.
As described above, by optimizing the site of the extract and the concentration of the extract, the effect of inhibiting the RNA virus growth is further improved.

At this time, it is preferable that it is derived from the extract and used as a virus adsorption inhibitor for inhibiting adsorption of the RNA virus to cells.
Moreover, it is preferable that it is derived from the extract and used as a virus release inhibitor for inhibiting the intracellular replication of the RNA virus.
Moreover, it is preferable that it is derived from the extract and used as a virus release inhibitor for inhibiting the release of the RNA virus from cells.
According to the above-mentioned constitution, the virus is generally adsorbed to the host cell in the living body and invades into the cell, and the RNA is released (unshelled) in the cell to be replicated, and the replicated virus is released from the host cell. Where it proliferates, the extract of the present invention can exert antiviral activity at the time of adsorption to host cells in order to inhibit viral proliferation.
The extract of the present invention can also exert antiviral activity at the time of replication in host cells in order to inhibit viral growth.
The extract of the present invention can also exert antiviral activity at the time of its release in the host cell in order to inhibit virus growth.
Therefore, for example, the present antiviral agent can be administered to a patient with a viral infection at an optimal administration timing by grasping up to what time the viral proliferation has progressed.

Also, containing the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots as an active ingredient, it is used for the prevention or amelioration of viral infections, the virus is an antiviral agent that is rotavirus, or used for the prevention or amelioration of viral infections. A food composition for antivirus can also be provided.

According to the present invention, a novel antiviral agent and antiviral food composition can be provided.
Further, it is possible to provide an antiviral agent and a food composition for antivirus, which are new methods of utilizing a bamboo shoot-derived substance.

It is data which show the result of the rotavirus growth inhibition test by the bamboo shoot extract. The data showing the adsorption time of the rotavirus with the extract of bamboo shoots, the culture time, the data showing the results of the growth inhibition test at the adsorption/culture time, and the extract of the bamboo shoots were added at different periods during the cultivation of the rotavirus-infected cells. It is data showing the results of the rotavirus growth inhibition test in the case of the presence. It is data which show the result of the MTT assay of the bamboo shoot extract. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus KU strain growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo shoots. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus DS-1 strain growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo shoots. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus S2 strain growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo shoots. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus YO strain growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo shoots. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus HOSOKAWA strain growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo shoots. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus KRH-2 strain growth inhibition test by the extract of the bamboo shoot. It is data which show the result of the rotavirus growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo. It is data which show the result of the MTT assay of the extract of bamboo. It is data which show the result of the influenza virus growth inhibition test by the extract of bamboo shoots.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 12.
The present embodiment, a bamboo shoot-derived substance as an active ingredient, inhibits the growth of viruses in the human body by administration to humans, and is characterized by being used for the prevention or treatment of viral infections and antiviral agents and The present invention relates to an invention of a food composition for viruses.
Specifically, it exerts antiviral activity at the time of adsorption of the virus to the host cell in order to inhibit virus growth, and exerts antiviral activity at the time of replication of the virus in the host cell. The present invention relates to the invention of an antiviral agent and an antiviral food composition, which exhibit antiviral activity at the time of release in host cells.

<Outline of virus>
Viruses are roughly classified into DNA viruses and RNA viruses depending on whether the genome is DNA or RNA.
In addition, DNA viruses can be mainly classified into two types depending on whether the DNA is single-stranded or double-stranded.
Specifically, there are parvoviridae and the like as single-stranded DNA viruses, and among double-stranded DNA viruses, those having an envelope include herpesviridae, poxviridae, hepadnaviridae, etc. Exist, and viruses such as adenoviridae and papillomaviridae exist as having no envelope.
Examples of the viral disease caused by the single-stranded DNA virus include human parvo B19 (infectious erythema), and as the viral disease caused by the double-stranded DNA virus, herpes simplex (gingivitis stomatitis). , Herpes labialis, genital herpes virus infection), varicella-zoster, smallpox, hepatitis B, adeno (pharyngeal conjunctivitis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis), human papilloma and the like.

RNA viruses are single-stranded or double-stranded, and in the case of single-stranded RNA viruses, whether the sense of the genome is positive strand (+ strand) or negative strand (-strand) Can be classified into three main categories.
Specifically, first, there are viruses such as Orthomyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Filoviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Arenaviridae as single-stranded RNA viruses. The influenza virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family.
Viral diseases caused by these single-stranded RNA viruses include influenza, avian influenza, rabies, measles, mumps (mumps), RS (respiratory infection), and Ebola (haemorrhagic fever). , Marburg (hemorrhagic fever), Crimea and Congo hemorrhagic fever, SFTS, Lassa (hemorrhagic fever), Junin/Sabia/Ganarito/Machupo (hemorrhagic fever), etc.

Next, among the single-stranded +-strand RNA viruses, flaviviridae, coronaviridae, togaviridae, retroviridae, etc. exist as having an envelope, and caliciviridae and picovirus as having no envelope are present. There are viruses such as Lunaviridae. Norovirus belongs to the Caliciviridae family.
Viral diseases caused by these single-stranded +-strand RNA viruses include dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis C, yellow fever, SARS corona, MERS corona, rubella, human immunodeficiency (AIDS), human T Lymphophile (adult T-cell leukemia), hepatitis E, noro (infectious gastroenteritis), polio (acute gray calcitis), hepatitis A, coxsackie (hand-foot-and-mouth disease, herpangina), rhino (cold), etc. To be

Finally, as a double-stranded RNA virus, there are Reoviridae and the like.
Rotavirus belongs to the family Reoviridae.
Examples of viral diseases caused by the double-stranded RNA virus include rota (susceptible gastroenteritis) and the like.

Influenza virus is an RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which induces inflammation in the respiratory tract and is directly transmitted to the air by cough and saliva of an infected person or indirectly by contact with influenza patients. Is also a highly contagious virus that can be transmitted to humans.
Influenza virus is adsorbed to the host cell by the activity of hemagglutinin (HA), which is an antigenic glycoprotein existing on the surface of the virus, and neuraminidase (NA), and also enters the host cell by the activity of neuraminidase. You can
Influenza viruses are classified into A type, B type and C type according to the difference in these antigenic glycoproteins. In particular, influenza A virus is divided into 144 subtypes according to the types of hemagglutinin 16 species and neuraminidase 9 species. It is known that these combinations frequently change, and as a result, new subtype viruses with different antigenicities appear.

Influenza virus causes acute respiratory infections, and its clinical symptoms include acute fever, headache, arthralgia, general malaise, and various respiratory symptoms such as nasal discharge and cough. It is characterized by high heat of 38°C or higher.
In healthy people, it usually develops after an incubation period of about 24 to 48 hours and heals in about 1 to 2 weeks, but infants, the elderly, patients with respiratory, circulatory organs, kidney chronic diseases, diabetes, etc. In patients with metabolic diseases and impaired immune function, secondary infections due to bacteria and pneumonia often result in death. Further, not only local infection of respiratory organs but also extremely serious cases such as severe neurological complications represented by influenza encephalitis and encephalopathy have been reported. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea may be observed, so caution is required especially for children.

Rotavirus is an RNA virus belonging to the genus Rotavirus of the family Reoviridae.
Rotavirus particles consist of double-shell particles composed of a core, an inner shell, and an outer shell, and have RNA polymerase and cap synthesis-related enzymes in the virus particles. The core consists of proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, which are covered with inner shell protein VP6 to form single shell particles, and further covered with outer shell proteins VP4 and VP7 to form double shell particles or infectious virus particles. ..
Rotaviruses are classified into eight groups A to H according to the antigenicity of the inner coat protein VP6. Rotaviruses that have been reported to infect humans are mainly groups A to C.
Rotavirus infects the intestinal epithelial cells of the human small intestine and causes changes in tissue lesions, such as disrupted or missing microvilli sequences. This inhibits the absorption of water from the intestine and causes diarrhea. It usually develops with an incubation period of about 48 hours, causing acute gastroenteritis, mainly in infants.
The main symptoms are diarrhea (without bloody stool and mucous stool), nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain, which usually resolve spontaneously within about 1 to 2 weeks, but when dehydration worsens, shock, electrolyte abnormality, and sometimes death may result. There is also.

Explaining the process in which RNA viruses including influenza virus and rotavirus grow in cells, "adsorption time" when the virus adsorbs to the host cell, "entry time" when the adsorbed virus enters the cell, and the invading virus Through the “release time” when RNA is released (unshelled) in the cell, the “replication time” when a new virus is replicated from the unshelled RNA, and the “release time” when the replicated virus is released from the cell Go
Viruses do not have the necessary materials for the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, and always require living cells. It parasitizes in living cells, proliferates by utilizing the metabolism of cells, and synthesizes self-components by utilizing materials, metabolic enzymes of host cells, and host cell ribosomes for protein synthesis.
For example, a bacterium basically proliferates by two divisions, while a virus rapidly expands in a host cell infected with one particle.

At the “adsorption time”, the binding protein (ligand) of the envelope or capsid on the surface of the virus binds to the receptor (receptor) on the surface of the host cell. Infectivity to a virus depends on whether the host cell has a receptor for the virus.
In the case of influenza virus, hemagglutinin on the surface of the virus binds to the sialic acid receptor on the cell side.
In the case of rotavirus, binding proteins on the surface of the virus (outer coat proteins VP4 and VP7) bind to receptors on the cell side.

At the “invasion time”, the virus is generally taken up by intracellular endosomes by the endocytosis of cells. Then, due to acidification in the endosome, the envelope on the surface of the virus is fused with the cell membrane of the host cell.
Cleavage of a peptide bond at a specific sequence site of hemagglutinin by a host cell-derived endoprotease is essential for influenza virus fusion. This cleavage exposes the hemagglutinin fusogenic domain and causes fusion with the endosomal membrane.
In the case of rotavirus, the coat protein VP4 needs to be cleaved into the protein VP5 and the protein VP8 by a protease (trypsin) derived from the host cell. After this cleavage, the protein VP8 first contacts the molecule containing sialic acid (first receptor), and then the protein VP5 and the coat protein VP7 bind to the integrin (second receptor) to directly invade or endocyte. It is believed to enter the cell by torsis.

At the “unshelling time”, the capsid of the virus that has entered the cell is decomposed, and RNA is released inside the host cell (unshelling). During the period from unhulling to the reconstitution of viral particles, viral particles are apparently absent, and this period is also called the dark period.
A membrane protein called M2 protein exists on the surface of influenza A virus, and the M2 protein forms an ion channel that allows H ⁺ to pass through. When the inside of the endosome is further acidified (pH is lowered), the gate of this ion channel is opened, and H ⁺ is taken into the virus. With this as a trigger, uncoating of the virus occurs and RNA is released into the cell.
In the case of rotavirus, the coat proteins VP4 and VP7 are removed during cell entry. When the outer coat proteins VP4 and VP7 are detached, rearrangement of the inner coat protein VP6 released into the cell occurs, and RNA transcription is started.

At the "replication time", the unshelled RNA is taken up into the nucleus of the host cell, new RNA is replicated in large quantities, and at the same time, a large amount of virus-specific protein is synthesized through RNA transcription (mRNA synthesis). It During the replication of RNA, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase serving as an RNA replication enzyme functions. In addition, when synthesizing a protein from mRNA, a protein synthesis system such as ribosome possessed by the host cell functions. The replicated RNA and the synthesized protein are assembled in the cell, and a new virus is assembled (replicated).

At the “release time”, the virus is released outside the host cell by sprouting by covering the cell membrane or nuclear membrane of the host cell or killing the host cell.
In the case of influenza virus, cleavage of hemagglutinin and sialic acid receptor by virus-derived neuraminidase is essential when released from infected host cells after being propagated in cells.

Explaining the existing anti-influenza virus agents, amantadine inhibits the ion channel action of the M2 protein of influenza virus and suppresses the uncoating of influenza virus after entering the target cell, but the M2 protein There is no effect against type B and C viruses, and strong side effects and the development of resistant bacteria are problems.
In addition, oseltamivir and zanamivir inhibit the action of neuraminidase, which is one of the spike proteins present in the envelope of influenza virus, and prevent the replicated influenza virus from budding from the host cell and spreading the infection to other host cells. Although it can be suppressed, side effects on young people have become a problem in recent years.

At present, there is no general antiviral agent effective against rotavirus, and hydration to prevent dehydration and nutritional support to prevent physical exhaustion are the main treatment. ..

Norovirus is an RNA virus belonging to the Caliciviridae family, and it is said that human beings are the only susceptible animals because it has not yet succeeded in infecting cultured cells or experimental animals.
Norovirus causes vomiting, diarrhea, and other acute gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions in humans, and is excreted in the stool of patients for about 3 to 7 days after the symptoms disappear, so it is necessary to pay attention to secondary infection. ..
It is believed that norovirus infects human jejunal epithelial cells, causing atrophy and flattening of the cilia, as well as detachment and shedding, resulting in diarrhea.
The incubation period is considered to be about 24 to 48 hours, and nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are the main symptoms, but abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, myalgia, sore throat, malaise, etc. may occur. It remits without requiring special treatment, but caution should be exercised in vomiting, dehydration and asphyxia due to diarrhea in infants, the elderly, and other weak people.
At present, there are no general antiviral agents that are effective against Norovirus, and symptomatic treatment is usually used, and it is possible to supplement hydration to prevent dehydration and nutrition to prevent physical exhaustion. It is the center of treatment. Moreover, it is said that it is difficult to identify a norovirus infection based only on clinical symptoms.

<Antiviral agent>
“Bamboo shoots”, which are the active ingredients of the antiviral agent of the present invention, are young shoots of bamboos or bamboo grass belonging to the subfamily of the family Gramineae.
Examples of bamboos or bamboo grass belonging to the subfamily Gramineae include genus Bamboo genus, genus Pleurotus genus, genus Aedes genus, genus Okameza, genus Sasa, genus Azumazasa, genus Bamboo genus, genus Bamboo genus, genus Acanthurium, genus Bolagrass and the like. However, the present invention is not limited to these, although it is preferably Moso bamboo, Madake or bee belonging to the genus Aedes.
In addition, bamboo shoots include those obtained by genetic methods such as recombination, transduction, and transformation.

The edible part of bamboo shoots, excluding the bamboo skin and the base, contains about 90% of the water content, and the rest contains a few% of dietary fiber, carbohydrates, proteins, small amounts of vitamins, minerals and amino acids. There is.

The “bamboo shoot-derived substance” which is an active ingredient of the antiviral agent of the present invention includes bamboo shoots, dried bamboo shoots, extracts and the like.
"Extract of bamboo shoots" refers to those extracted from bamboo shoots, which include the edible part of bamboo shoots, the one that has been crushed on the epidermis, the squeezed juice obtained by squeezing the edible part and the epidermis, and the edible part and It includes the residue remaining after squeezing the epidermis, the edible portion and the epidermis ground or squeezed, and the filtrate obtained by filtering the residue or the supernatant obtained by centrifugation.
It also includes an extract extracted with a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent. When a polar solvent is used as the extraction solvent, for example, water, a hydrophilic organic solvent, etc. may be mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more at room temperature or a temperature not higher than the boiling point of the solvent.
Examples of the hydrophilic organic solvent include lower aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; lower aliphatic ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerin. And other polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.
The extraction solvent and the extraction means are not particularly limited as long as the components derived from bamboo shoots can be extracted, and any solvent or means may be used.

The extract obtained from bamboo shoots may be used after being concentrated or dried, but may be used as it is, or the concentrate or dried product may be further dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent and used. In addition, the obtained extract may be purified by using a known purification method such as liquid chromatography to obtain a fraction having an antiviral effect, and use it.

Here, the antiviral agent of the present embodiment, it is preferable to use an extract of bamboo shoots as the bamboo shoot-derived substance, more preferably, hot water of bamboo shoots obtained by hot water extraction of a powder obtained by pulverizing the freeze-dried product of the edible portion. It is good to use an extract. Further, the edible portion or the epidermis may be squeezed (pressed) and used as squeezed juice, or the squeezed juice may be ultrafiltered and used as an extract. In addition, a residue (other than squeezed juice) remaining after squeezing may be used, and in that case, it is preferable to use a residue that is dried and powdered (residual powder). In addition, squeezed juice or an extract may be used as a commercially available extract of bamboo shoot, and in that case, it is preferable to use a concentrated extract of bamboo shoot.

<<Viral growth inhibitory effect>>
The antiviral agent exerts an antiviral effect through the inhibitory effect on the virus growth of the bamboo shoot-derived substance, particularly the inhibitory effect on the RNA virus growth.
The specific action mechanism is as follows.
(1) An extract of bamboo shoots is a virus of the present invention, when a binding protein (ligand) on the surface of the virus binds to a receptor on the surface of the host cell during the “adsorption time” of the RNA virus growth process. Plays a role of inhibiting the adsorption of the to the host cell.
More specifically, when the RNA virus is influenza virus, the bamboo shoot extract acts to inhibit the activity of glycoproteins (eg, hemagglutinin) required at the time of adsorption of the virus.
When the RNA virus is rotavirus, the bamboo shoot extract acts to inhibit the activity of binding proteins (outer coat proteins VP4 and VP7) and specific enzymes involved in the adsorption time of the virus.

(2) In addition, the extract of bamboo shoots contains RNA that has been replicated during the "replication period" of the RNA virus growth process and the synthesized protein, and when a new virus is assembled, It acts to inhibit replication in the host cell.
Specifically, when the RNA virus is an influenza virus, the bamboo shoot extract acts to inhibit the activity of a specific enzyme required during the replication of the virus.
When the RNA virus is rotavirus or norovirus, the bamboo shoot extract acts to inhibit the activity of a binding protein or a specific enzyme involved in the replication period of these viruses.

(3) Furthermore, the extract of bamboo shoots goes out of the host cell when the germination occurs by covering the cell membrane or nuclear membrane of the host cell during the "release time" of the RNA virus growth process or when the host cell dies. When released, it acts to inhibit the release of the virus from the host cell.
Specifically, when the RNA virus is influenza virus, it has an action of inhibiting the cleavage of hemagglutinin and sialic acid receptor by virus-derived neuraminidase, which occurs when it is released from an infected host cell after it proliferates in the cell. Fulfill

Therefore, the extract of bamboo shoots, which is an effective main component of the antiviral agent, has an effect that conventional antiviral agents do not have, because at least "adsorption time", "replication time", and "release time" in the growth process of virus. In, it acts to inhibit the growth of the virus.
Therefore, compared with conventional antiviral agents that exert antiviral activity only during a specific period of the viral growth process, this antiviral agent can be used even if it is the adsorption period in the first half of the viral growth process. Moreover, it becomes possible to exert the antiviral activity even in the latter half of replication or release.
In addition, the antiviral agent of the present invention is effective against influenza A virus, for example, but is not effective against type B and type C, as compared with antiviral agents such as amantadine, type A, type B, Exhibits antiviral activity against all influenza viruses, regardless of type C.
Therefore, there is a possibility of clinical application as a new antiviral agent next to amantadine, oseltamivir, and zanamivir, which have been licensed for use as conventional antiviral agents.

<<Application>>
The antiviral agent of the present embodiment can be used as a therapeutic agent for viral infections or as a therapeutic agent for viral diseases by being administered to patients with viral infections and animals other than humans suffering from viral infections. it can.
Further, it can also be used as a preventive agent for viral infections for humans before suffering from viral infections, humans in reserve army of viral infections, and animals other than these humans, and as a preventive agent for viral diseases.
Further, the antiviral agent of the present embodiment can also be used as a preventive or therapeutic agent for infectious gastroenteritis caused by a virus as a pathogen.

The antiviral agent of the present embodiment is preferably administered to patients infected with influenza virus, rotavirus and norovirus, among viruses.
In the case of influenza virus, it is desirable to administer to a patient infected with influenza A virus, and it is desirable that the subtype of the virus is H1N1.
In the case of rotavirus, it is desirable to administer it to a patient infected with a group A rotavirus, and it is desirable that the virus is a group A rotavirus Wa strain (G1P[8]), but not limited to this. However, the virus may be KU strain, DS-1 strain, S2 strain, YO strain, HOSOKAWA strain, or KRH-2 strain.

The antiviral agent of the present embodiment is used as a composition such as a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition containing an antiviral agent that exerts the above-mentioned effects against influenza virus, rotavirus and norovirus, among viruses. can do.
(Pharmaceutical composition)
In the field of medicine, a pharmaceutically acceptable substance together with an amount of a bamboo shoot-derived substance that can effectively exert an effect of inhibiting virus growth, that is, an effect of inhibiting adsorption of a virus to a host cell or an effect of inhibiting growth of a virus in a host cell. A pharmaceutical composition having the above-mentioned action is provided by blending the carrier or additive. The pharmaceutical composition may be a drug or a quasi drug.
The pharmaceutical composition may be applied internally or externally. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition is used in a dosage form such as an oral preparation, an intravenous injection, a subcutaneous injection, an intradermal injection, an intramuscular injection and/or an intraperitoneal injection, a transmucosal application agent, a transdermal application agent and the like. be able to.
The dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition can be appropriately set depending on the mode of application, for example, tablets, granules, capsules, powders, solid preparations such as powders, liquid preparations such as liquid preparations and suspensions, Examples include semi-solid preparations such as ointments and gels.

(Food composition)
In the field of food, an effective amount of a bamboo shoot-derived substance capable of exhibiting an effect of inhibiting virus growth in vivo as a food material is added to various foods to provide a food composition having the effect. ..
That is, the present invention can provide a food composition labeled as for viral growth inhibition in the field of food. Examples of the food composition include general foods, foods for specified health use, foods with nutritional function, foods with functional claims, foods for hospital patients, supplements, and the like. It can also be used as a food additive.
Examples of the food composition include seasonings, processed meat products, processed agricultural products, beverages (soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, carbonated drinks, milk drinks, fruit juice drinks, tea, coffee, nutritional drinks, etc.), powdered drinks (powder) Juice, powdered soup, etc., concentrated beverages, confectionery (candy (throat candy), cookies, biscuits, gum, gummy, chocolate, etc.), bread, cereals and the like. In the case of food for specified health use, food with nutritional function, food with functional claims, etc., it may be in the form of capsule, troche, syrup, granule, powder or the like.

Here, the food for specified health use is a food containing a health function component that affects physiological functions, etc., and can display that it is suitable for a particular health use with the permission of the Commissioner of the Consumer Affairs Agency. is there. In the present invention, the food is sold as being labeled as preventive or therapeutic for viral infectious diseases, inhibition of viral proliferation, preventive or therapeutic for infectious gastroenteritis, etc. for specific health uses.
The nutritionally functional food is a food used to supplement nutritional components (vitamins and minerals) and displays the function of the nutritional components. In order to sell it as a nutritionally functional food, the amount of nutrients contained in the daily recommended intake amount must be within the specified upper and lower limits. You also need to
Functionally labeled foods are foods that are functionally labeled at the responsibility of the business operator based on scientific grounds. Information on the grounds for safety and functionality was notified to the Commissioner of the Consumer Affairs Agency before sales.
In the above, the present invention comprises a substance derived from bamboo shoots as an active ingredient, a virus infection patient, a specific health food for antiviral agents intended for animals other than humans suffering from a virus infection, and an antiviral agent nutritionally functional food. , It can be used as an antiviral agent functionally labeled food.
Further, the present invention contains a bamboo shoot-derived substance as an active ingredient, and a specific health for an antiviral agent for living organisms, for example, humans before suffering from viral infections, humans in the virus infection reserve arm, and animals other than these humans. It can be used as a food for food, a nutritionally functional food for an antiviral agent, and a functionally labeled food for an antiviral agent.

<<Usage and dose>>
As the usage of the antiviral agent of the present embodiment, for example, in the case of influenza virus, since it is easily infected in the upper respiratory tract of human (nasal cavity and pharynx), for example, by spraying directly into the nasal cavity or the oral cavity, or inhalation It may be introduced into the nasal cavity or the oral cavity by a device. It is also preferable to introduce it into the oral cavity with a mouthwash. In addition, it may be administered intranasally by nasal drops, orally by using a throat candy, troche, gum, etc., or may be used as a mask or disinfectant wipes.
Further, for example, in the case of rotavirus or norovirus, since it is easily infected in the human intestine, it is preferable to prescribe it so that the antiviral agent is dissolved in the intestine (not dissolved in the stomach). For example, it may be orally administered in the form of capsules, tablets, granules or syrups.

<Example 1>
An extract of bamboo shoots was prepared by the following procedure.
Bamboo shoots (Hyogo prefecture, Mosouchi) were removed, and the edible portion was freeze-dried and then powdered. The freeze-dried powder (2 g) was extracted with 100 ml of hot water for 90 minutes and then centrifuged at 25° C. and 3500 rpm for 10 minutes. The obtained extract was filtered through a 5 μm filter paper, filtered through a 0.45 μm sterilization filter, and stored at −30° C.

<Comparative Example 1>
As a commercially available bamboo extract, Neobumbus-2000 (70 wt% Mosouchi dry distillation extract/30 wt% ethanol, manufactured by Shiraimatsu Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Neobumbs is a registered trademark) was used as a comparative sample.

<Test 1 Rotavirus growth inhibition test>
Using the antiviral agent of Example 1, a test was conducted to confirm the effect of inhibiting rotavirus growth. MA-104 cells (Rhesus monkey kidney cells) were used as host cells, rotavirus Wa strain (G1P[8]) was used as a virus, and DMEM (Dulbecco') containing 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) was used as a medium. s Modified Eagle Medium) medium was used.

First, monolayer MA-104 cells were infected with rotavirus at 0.1 moi (multiplicity of infection) and left at room temperature for 1 hour (adsorbed).
After that, the medium was removed, and a known DMEM medium containing a bamboo shoot extract diluted to a predetermined concentration was added to the virus-infected MA-104 cells, and the cells were cultured in a CO ₂ incubator for 48 hours.
Then, the supernatant was collected, and the virus titer (FFU/ml) in the supernatant was measured using the focus reduction method to calculate the virus growth inhibition rate (%). In addition, the virus growth inhibition rate 50% concentration (IC50) was calculated.

(Result of Test 1)
The above test results were analyzed, and the results of the virus growth inhibition test at each concentration (0.06 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml) by the bamboo shoot extract are shown in FIG. 1 (*:p <0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).
The virus growth inhibition rate at each concentration was 94%, 98%, and 99%, respectively, and the IC50 was 0.47 mg/ml.
The virus growth inhibition rate was further increased as the concentration of the bamboo shoot extract was increased.
In addition, "concentration of bamboo shoot extract of 1 mg/ml" means that 1 mg of bamboo shoot extract is contained in 1 ml of liquid medium.
Note that these tests were performed multiple times and similar reproducibility was obtained.

(Consideration of Test 1)
From the results of Test 1, those to which the bamboo shoot extract was added were confirmed to inhibit rotavirus growth at all concentrations. In addition, the effect of inhibiting virus growth in a concentration-dependent manner was enhanced.
From this, it was found that the components contained in the bamboo shoot extract have an effect of inhibiting the rotavirus growth.
It was also found that the preferable concentration of the bamboo shoot extract in the action of inhibiting rotavirus growth is 0.3 mg/ml or more, and the more preferable concentration (IC50) is 0.47 mg/ml or more.

<Test 2 Infection inhibition test in rotavirus growth process>
Using the antiviral agent of Example 1, a test was carried out to confirm which growth process was inhibited among the processes required for rotavirus growth. MA-104 cells (Rhesus monkey kidney cells) were used as host cells, rotavirus Wa strain (G1P[8]) was used as a virus, and DMEM medium containing 10% FBS was used as a medium.
First, in the same manner as in Test 1, monolayer-cultured MA-104 cells were infected (added) with rotavirus at 0.01 moi (multiplicity of infection) and left at room temperature for 1 hour (adsorbed).
Then, the MEM medium containing 3 mg/ml of the bamboo shoot extract was added to the virus-infected MA-104 cells at a predetermined timing.
16 hours after virus adsorption, freeze-thawing at -80°C to 37°C was repeated 3 times, intracellular virus titer was measured using the focus method, and the virus growth inhibition rate was calculated.

The timing of adding the bamboo shoot extract is (1) during adsorption (timing corresponding to the "adsorption period" in the virus growth process, 1 hour after virus infection), (2) during virus culture (culture) (0 to 16 hours), (3) both at the time of adsorption and culture, (4) 0 to 4 hours of culture (timing corresponding to the "invasion/unshelling time" in the virus growth process, 4 hours from virus adsorption) (After), (5) 4 to 8 hours of culture (timing corresponding to the "replication/release time" in the virus growth process, from 4 to 8 hours after virus adsorption), (6) 8 hours of culture To 12 hours, and (7) culture 12 hours to 16 hours.
Specifically, in (1), the extract was added at the same time as the virus infection, and one hour after the virus infection, the medium was replaced with a medium to which the extract was not added. In (2), the extract was added at the start of virus culture, and the culture was performed in the presence of the extract until 16 hours later. In (3), the extract was added at the same time as virus infection, the extract was added at the start of virus culture, and the culture was performed in the presence of the extract until 16 hours later. In (4), the extract was added simultaneously with virus adsorption, and 4 hours after virus adsorption, the medium was replaced with a medium to which the extract was not added. In (5), the extract was added 4 hours after virus adsorption, and 8 hours after virus adsorption, the medium was replaced with a medium to which the extract was not added. In (6), the extract was added 8 hours after virus adsorption, and 12 hours after virus adsorption, the medium was replaced with a medium to which the extract was not added. In (7), the extract was added 12 hours after the adsorption of the virus, and 16 hours after the adsorption of the virus, the medium was replaced with a medium to which the extract was not added.

(Result of Test 2)
A graph comparing the above test results and comparing the growth inhibition rates during virus adsorption by bamboo shoot extract, during culture, and during adsorption/culture is shown in FIG. 2 (*: p<0.05, **p <0.01, ***p<0.001).
The growth inhibition rate during virus adsorption, during culture, and during both adsorption and culture was 85%, 100%, and 100%, respectively.
In addition, the results of the virus growth inhibition test when the extract was added during different periods during culture are shown in FIG.
The growth inhibition rates when the addition period of the extract was 0 to 4 hours of culture, 4 to 8 hours of culture, 8 to 12 hours of culture, and 12 to 16 hours of culture were 69%, 72%, 78%, and 85%, respectively. %Met.

(Consideration of Test 2)
From the results of Test 2, it was revealed that the addition of the bamboo shoot extract inhibited the growth of the virus both during the adsorption of the virus to the cells and during the growth of the virus in the cells. In addition, the effect of inhibiting virus growth was higher in "in cell growth" than in "adsorption to cells". It has been suggested that the growth of the virus is inhibited in all processes of rotavirus infection, so that the extract of bamboo shoots inhibits the growth for a long period from the time of infection of rotavirus to the time after infection. Therefore, it can be said that it is very useful as a therapeutic agent and a preventive agent for rotavirus.

<Test 3 MTT assay of bamboo shoot extract>
Using the antiviral agent of Example 1, a test was conducted to examine the presence or absence of cytotoxicity of the bamboo shoot extract. A mixed solution of a bamboo shoot extract and a serum-free MEM containing acetyltrypsin at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml was added to MA-104 cells monolayer-cultured on a microplate, and cultured at 37° C. for 3 days. The MTT labeling reagent was added and further cultured at 37° C. for 4 hours, the solubilizing solution was added, and the mixture was incubated at 37° C. overnight. The reference wavelength was set to 690 nm and the absorbance was measured at 550 nm using a microplate reader.

(Result of Test 3)
FIG. 3 shows a graph in which the above-mentioned test results are analyzed and the absorbance at each concentration of the bamboo shoot extract is plotted.
No decrease in absorbance was observed compared to the control.

(Consideration of Test 3)
From the results of Test 3, it was suggested that the bamboo shoot extract had no cytotoxicity in the range of 0 to 2.4 mg/ml.

<Test 4 Growth inhibition test of various rotavirus strains>
Using the antiviral agent of Example 1, instead of the rotavirus Wa strain, a test similar to Test 1 was performed using KU strain, DS-1 strain, S2 strain, YO strain, HOSOKAWA strain, and KRH-2 strain. went.

(Result of Test 4)
Analyzing the above test results, the result of the virus growth inhibition test for each strain at each concentration (0.06 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml, 1.2 mg/ml) by the bamboo shoot extract Are shown in FIGS.
It showed a growth inhibitory activity against all rotavirus strains.

(Consideration of Test 4)
From the results of Test 4, it was confirmed that addition of the bamboo shoot extract inhibits rotavirus growth at all concentrations, even for strains such as the KU strain other than the rotavirus Wa strain. In addition, the effect of inhibiting virus growth in a concentration-dependent manner was enhanced.
From this, it was found that the components contained in the extract of bamboo shoots had the effect of inhibiting the growth of strains other than the rotavirus Wa strain. The extract of bamboo shoots is a very useful antiviral agent because it shows effects on many serotypes and genotypes of rotavirus.
The known rotavirus vaccines Rotarix (registered trademark) and Rotateq (registered trademark) are effective in only a limited number of serotypes and genotypes, and are not effective against all rotavirus strains. Rotarix (registered trademark) is a monovalent vaccine in which the human rotavirus G1P[8] serotype is attenuated, and Rotateq (registered trademark) is V7 of bovine rotavirus, G1, G2, G3 of human rotavirus, It is a pentavalent vaccine in which a total of 5 viruses, that is, 4 types of G4-incorporated reassortant (genetical recombination) viruses and 1 type of reassortant virus in which the P[8] gene is incorporated into VP4 of bovine rotavirus, are mixed.
The KRH-2 strain of rotavirus is isolated from a vaccinated infant, and the antiviral agent of the present invention is also used as a preventive or therapeutic agent against rotavirus against which the vaccine is ineffective. It has an advantageous effect of being able to.

<Comparative Test 1 Growth Inhibition Test of Bamboo Extract>
Using the bamboo extract sample of Comparative Example 1, a rotavirus growth inhibition test was conducted in the same manner as in Test 1.

(Result of Comparative Test 1)
By analyzing the above test results, various concentrations (0.18 mg/ml, 0.24 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.36 mg/ml, 0.42 mg/ml, 0.48 mg/ml) of the bamboo extract were analyzed. ml, 0.54 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml), the results of the virus growth inhibition test are shown in FIG.
The virus growth inhibition rate of each concentration was 22%, -1%, -22%, 38%, 73%, 82%, 100%, 100% in order.
If there is a significant difference when the p-value is less than 0.05, there is no significant difference at 0.18 mg/ml, 0.24 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.36 mg/ml, 0.42 mg /Ml, 0.48 mg/ml, 0.54 mg/ml, 0.6 mg/ml were significantly different.
The virus growth inhibition rate increased further as the concentration of bamboo extract increased.

(Consideration of Comparative Test 1)
From the results of Comparative Test 1, the one to which the bamboo extract was added was confirmed to have a strong antiviral activity at 0.54 mg/ml or more, and the effect of inhibiting rotavirus growth at a concentration of 0.42 mg/ml or more was confirmed. Was done. In addition, the effect of inhibiting virus growth in a concentration-dependent manner was enhanced.
From this, it was found that the components contained in the bamboo extract have an effect of inhibiting the growth of rotavirus.

<Comparative Test 2 MTT Assay of Bamboo Extract>
The MTT assay was performed in the same manner as in Test 3 using the sample of bamboo extract of Comparative Example 1.

(Results of Comparative Test 2)
FIG. 11 shows a graph in which the above test results are analyzed and the absorbance of each concentration of the bamboo extract is plotted.
At 0.18 mg/ml and 0.3 mg/ml, no decrease in absorbance was observed compared to the control, but at 0.6 mg/ml, the absorbance was decreased, confirming cytotoxicity.

(Consideration of Comparative Test 2)
Living cells are indispensable for the virus to proliferate, but it was confirmed that the cells were killed at 0.6 mg/ml, which showed a strong antiviral effect in Comparative Test 1. It is possible that viral growth was inhibited. However, since the cytotoxicity is weakened at 0.3 mg/ml from FIG. 11, there is a concentration between 0.3 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml where the cytotoxicity is mild and the antiviral activity is exerted. It is possible that This concentration is higher than the concentration at which antiviral activity was observed in the bamboo shoot extract in Test 1, and the bamboo shoot extract exhibited antiviral activity at a lower concentration than the bamboo extract, but also had low cytotoxicity. It has been suggested.

<Test 5 Influenza virus growth inhibition test>
Using the antiviral agent of Example 1, a test was conducted to confirm the action of inhibiting influenza virus growth. MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells were used as host cells, influenza virus type A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) strain was used as a virus, and DMEM medium containing 10% FBS was used as a medium. ..

First, MDCK cells were seeded in 24 well plates at 1.0×10 ⁴ cells/well, and monolayer-cultured at 37° C. and 5% CO ₂ for 24 hours.
Then, the cultured MDCK cells were infected with influenza virus at 0.001 moi (multiplicity of infection) and left at 37° C. for 1 hour (adsorbed).
Then, the bamboo shoot extract of Example 1 was added to the liquid medium so as to contain a predetermined concentration, and the mixture was cultured in a CO ₂ incubator for 24 hours.
Then, the supernatant containing the virus released from the infected cells was collected, the virus titer (FFU/ml) of the cells was measured using the focus method, and the virus growth inhibition rate (%) was calculated.

(Result of Test 5)
Analyzing the above test results, each concentration by the extract of bamboo shoots (0 mg/ml, 0.004 mg/ml, 0.008 mg/ml, 0.016 mg/ml, 0.0325 mg/ml, 0.065 mg/ml) The result of the virus growth inhibition test of is shown in FIG.
The virus growth inhibition rate at each concentration was 0%, 23%, 70%, 71%, 91%, 98% in order, and the IC50 was 0.0061 mg/ml.
The virus growth inhibition rate was further increased as the concentration of the bamboo shoot extract was increased.
Note that these tests were performed multiple times and similar reproducibility was obtained. As a result of MTT assay using MDCK cells, no decrease in absorbance was observed, suggesting that the bamboo shoot extract has no cytotoxicity.

(Consideration of Test 5)
From the results of Test 5, it was confirmed that the addition of the bamboo shoot extract has an effect of inhibiting influenza virus growth at all concentrations. In addition, the effect of inhibiting virus growth in a concentration-dependent manner was enhanced.

Furthermore, from the results of Test 5, an antiviral agent containing, for example, an extract of bamboo shoots is administered so that it directly reaches human virus-infected tissues (eg, upper respiratory tract) by using a spray or an inhaler. Thus, it was found that it exerts an action of inhibiting influenza virus growth.

Claims (6)

Contains the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots as an active ingredient,
Used for the prevention or treatment of viral infections ,
The virus is rotavirus, which is an antiviral agent. The antiviral agent according to claim 1 , wherein the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots is a hot water extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots. Contains the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots as an active ingredient,
Used for the prevention or treatment of infectious gastroenteritis with virus as a pathogen ,
The virus is rotavirus, which is an antiviral agent. The antiviral agent according to claim 3, wherein the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots is a hot water extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots. Contains the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots as an active ingredient,
Used to prevent or ameliorate viral infections ,
The said virus is rotavirus , The food composition for antivirus characterized by the above-mentioned . The antiviral food composition according to claim 5, wherein the extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots is a hot water extract of the edible part of bamboo shoots.

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