JP6724714B2 - Planter for plant cultivation - Google Patents
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- JP6724714B2 JP6724714B2 JP2016206340A JP2016206340A JP6724714B2 JP 6724714 B2 JP6724714 B2 JP 6724714B2 JP 2016206340 A JP2016206340 A JP 2016206340A JP 2016206340 A JP2016206340 A JP 2016206340A JP 6724714 B2 JP6724714 B2 JP 6724714B2
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 27
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Description
本発明は、育苗等植物の栽培に用いられるプランター、特に農業用ハウスや植物工場内での植物の水耕栽培において好適に用いられる植物栽培用プランターに関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a planter used for cultivating plants such as seedlings, and particularly to a planter for plant cultivation suitably used in hydroponic cultivation of plants in an agricultural house or a plant factory.
従来より、植物育成用のプランターにおいて、培地として土壌や、発泡ポリウレタンマットが用いられていた。例えば、特許文献１には、育苗容器の内底部に柱状凸部を複数有し、育苗用の発泡ウレタンマットが挿填された育苗容器が開示されている。
Conventionally, soil or foamed polyurethane mat has been used as a medium in planters for growing plants. For example,
しかしながら、発泡ポリウレタンマットは、自然崩壊性が無く、嵩張る等栽培後の廃棄処理において手間がかかるという問題があった。
そこで、本発明者らは、廃棄処理が容易でかつ発泡ポリウレタンマットよりもコストが安く、植物の根が侵入し易い培地、特に水耕栽培において用いるのに適した培地及び該培地を用いた植物栽培用のプランターについて鋭意検討した結果本発明をなすに至った。
However, the foamed polyurethane mat has a problem that it has no natural disintegration property and that it takes time and labor to dispose of it after cultivation such as being bulky.
Therefore, the present inventors have proposed a medium that is easy to dispose of and is cheaper than a foamed polyurethane mat, and a root of a plant is easily invaded, particularly a medium suitable for use in hydroponics and a plant using the medium. As a result of intensive studies on planters for cultivation, the present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、以下の（１）〜（４）に存する。 That is, the present invention resides in the following (1) to (4).
（１） 底面と該底面の外周に立設された側壁とを有する容器の内側に、不織布及び該不織布を支持する突出部を備えてなる植物栽培用プランター、
（２） 前記突出部が前記底面に形成されていることを特徴とする（１）に記載の植物栽培用プランター、
（３） 前記底面が傾斜していることを特徴とする（１）または（２）に記載の植物栽培用プランター、
（４） 前記突出部の高さが４〜８ｍｍであることを特徴とする（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載の植物栽培用プランター、
（５） 前記不織布の単位面積当たりの重さが１５ｇ／ｍ2以上であることを特徴とする（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の植物栽培用プランター。
(1) A plant cultivation planter comprising a non-woven fabric and a protrusion supporting the non-woven fabric inside a container having a bottom face and a side wall provided upright on the outer periphery of the bottom face,
(2) The planter for plant cultivation according to (1), wherein the protrusion is formed on the bottom surface.
(3) The planter for plant cultivation according to (1) or (2), wherein the bottom surface is inclined.
(4) The planter for plant cultivation according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the height of the protruding portion is 4 to 8 mm.
(5) The planter for plant cultivation according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric is 15 g/m 2 or more.
本発明によれば、使用後の廃棄処理が容易で、かつ植物の根が伸長及び生長できる植物栽培用プランターを提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a plant cultivating planter that can be easily disposed of after use and can grow and grow roots of plants.
以下、本発明を図面に示す形態に基づき説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらの形態に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these forms.
本発明の植物栽培用プランター（以下、単に「プランター」と記すことがある）は、底面と該底面の外周に立設された側壁とを有する容器の内側に、不織布及び該不織布を支持する突出部を備えてなる植物栽培用プランターである。
特に、前記突出部が前記底面に形成されていることが、プランターの使用後にプランターを構成する部材を洗浄し易いため好ましい。
本発明の植物栽培用プランターを構成する前記容器（以下、単に「容器」と記すことがある）の底面が傾斜していると、容器底面全域に養液等が流れ易く、また古くなった養液等を排出し易いため好ましい。底面の傾斜は、底面の外側に突出部を設けること等により付与することができる。
容器の底面または側壁には、養液等を排出するための排出口が1つ以上設けられていることが好ましい。
容器底面の形状は、略円状、略楕円状または略方形状でもいずれでもよいが、略方形状であるのが好ましく、更に容器の形状が、図1に示すような略直方体状や略立方体状等であることが、プランターを栽培棚等に複数配置する際に無駄な隙間ができず、かつ配置しやすい点から好ましい。
容器の大きさは取扱いのし易さから、高さが通常２０〜５０ｍｍ、好ましくは２０〜３０ｍｍ、方形の隣り合う一辺が通常９００〜２５００ｍｍ、好ましくは１０００〜１５００ｍｍ、方形が長方形の場合には他辺が１００〜５００ｍｍ、好ましくは２００〜４００ｍｍであるが、これに限定されない。
The plant cultivation planter of the present invention (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “planter”) has a nonwoven fabric and a protrusion for supporting the nonwoven fabric inside a container having a bottom surface and a sidewall standing on the outer periphery of the bottom surface. It is a planter for plant cultivation which is provided with a part.
In particular, it is preferable that the projecting portion is formed on the bottom surface because it is easy to wash the members constituting the planter after the planter is used.
When the bottom surface of the container constituting the plant cultivation planter of the present invention (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “container”) is inclined, the nutrient solution or the like easily flows over the entire bottom surface of the container, and the old nutrient It is preferable because liquids and the like can be easily discharged. The inclination of the bottom surface can be imparted by providing a protrusion on the outside of the bottom surface.
It is preferable that one or more discharge ports for discharging the nutrient solution or the like are provided on the bottom surface or the side wall of the container.
The shape of the bottom surface of the container may be any of a substantially circular shape, a substantially elliptical shape and a substantially rectangular shape, but it is preferably a substantially rectangular shape, and the shape of the container is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape or a substantially cubic shape as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the shape and the like are such that when a plurality of planters are arranged on a cultivation shelf or the like, no useless gap is formed and the planters are easily arranged.
For ease of handling, the size of the container is usually 20 to 50 mm, preferably 20 to 30 mm, the adjacent sides of the rectangle are usually 900 to 2500 mm, preferably 1000 to 1500 mm, and the rectangle is rectangular. The other side is 100 to 500 mm, preferably 200 to 400 mm, but is not limited to this.
突出部の形状は、不織布を保持することができれば特に制限はなく、例えば略円柱状等の柱状、略円錐状、略円錐台状、略球状及び略半球状等が挙げられる。突出部の形状は、不織布が曲がったり折れたりし難く、また容器の洗浄等がし易いため、略球状及び略半球状や、柱状、略円錐状または略円錐台状であっても尖端やエッジが丸くなっている形状が好ましい。
突出部の高さは栽培する植物の種類にもよるが、通常、４〜８ｍｍである。４ｍｍ以上であると、容器底面と不織布との間に根が充分伸長及び生長するスペースが確保できるため好ましい。突出部の高さは、側壁の高さより低い方が好ましい。突出部の形状が、略球状または略半球状である場合、その直径は２〜６ｍｍ、略円柱状、略円錐状または略円錐台状である場合は、底面の直径が２〜６ｍｍであるのが好ましい。また、突出部は、底面内側全域にわたって形成されているのが好ましく、底面の単位面積あたり２〜４個／ｃｍ2であるのが好ましい。更に突出部は略均等間隔で形成されているのが好ましい。
また、突出部は、底面の形状が略円状である場合には、底面の中心を通る任意の直線上に少なくとも１つの突出部が存在するように、また、底面の形状が、略方形状である場合には、対向する２辺を通る任意の直線上に少なくとも１つの突出部が存在するように、底面内側全域に渡って形成されていることが好ましい。このように突出部が形成されていると、プランターに養液等を満たした際や流した際に、不織布がたわみ難く、容器底面と不織布との間に根が充分伸長及び生長するスペースが確保できるため好ましい。具体的には、例えば突起部が略Ｖ字に所定間隔で並んでおり、かつ隣り合うＶ字同士が所定間隔で前後にずれて配列されている場合が挙げられる（図２）。
The shape of the protruding portion is not particularly limited as long as it can hold the nonwoven fabric, and examples thereof include a columnar shape such as a substantially columnar shape, a substantially conical shape, a substantially truncated cone shape, a substantially spherical shape, and a substantially hemispherical shape. The shape of the protrusion is such that the non-woven fabric does not easily bend or break, and it is easy to wash the container, etc. It is preferable that the shape is round.
The height of the protrusion depends on the kind of plant to be cultivated, but is usually 4 to 8 mm. It is preferable that it is 4 mm or more because a space can be secured between the bottom surface of the container and the non-woven fabric for the roots to sufficiently expand and grow. The height of the protrusion is preferably lower than the height of the side wall. If the shape of the protruding portion is a substantially spherical shape or a substantially hemispherical shape, the diameter is 2 to 6 mm, and if the shape is a substantially cylindrical shape, a substantially conical shape, or a substantially truncated cone shape, the diameter of the bottom surface is 2 to 6 mm. Is preferred. The protrusions are preferably formed over the entire inner surface of the bottom surface, and preferably 2 to 4 protrusions/cm 2 per unit area of the bottom surface. Furthermore, it is preferable that the protrusions are formed at substantially equal intervals.
When the bottom surface has a substantially circular shape, the projection has at least one projection on an arbitrary straight line passing through the center of the bottom surface, and the bottom surface has a substantially rectangular shape. In this case, it is preferable that at least one projecting portion is present on the entire inner surface of the bottom surface so as to be present on an arbitrary straight line passing through the two opposite sides. When the protrusions are formed in this way, the nonwoven fabric does not easily bend when the planter is filled with nutrient solution or when it flows, and there is sufficient space between the container bottom and the nonwoven fabric for the roots to grow and grow. It is preferable because it is possible. Specifically, for example, there may be a case where the protrusions are arranged in a substantially V shape at a predetermined interval, and adjacent V shapes are arranged at a predetermined interval so as to be shifted forward and backward (FIG. 2 ).
容器は、底面の内側に突出部を形成することによる歪を低減するためのリブ等を底面の外側に有していることが、容器が反る等変形し難くなるため好ましい。リブは所定間隔をおいて複数形成されていることが好ましい。
リブの形状は歪が低減できれば特に制限はないが、例えばレール状等が挙げられる。該レール状のリブは、所定の間隔をおいて互いに略平行となるように複数本形成されていることが好ましく、容器が略直方体状の場合には、底面の長手方向に、所定の間隔をおいて互いに略平行となるように複数形成されていることが好ましい。
プランターは、通常、農業用のハウスや植物工場内で栽培棚に複数個設置して使用されるが、該栽培棚としては、枠からなるものが、軽量で持ち運びし易いため好ましい。枠の材質としては、アルミやスチール等が挙げられる。また、このような栽培棚に用いるプランターとしては、容器の底面の外側にレール状の突出部が形成されているものが好ましい。このようなプランターは、栽培棚への出し入れをプランターをスライドすることにより行えるため、取扱いが容易で好ましい。該レール状の突出部は所定の間隔をおいて互いに略平行となるように複数本形成されていることが好ましい。この複数本のレール状の突出部のうち、何本かの高さを変えることにより、底面に傾斜を付与することができる。
なお、該レール状の突出部は、リブがレール状の場合はこれと交差するように設けることが好ましい（図４）。
容器の材質は特に制限はないが、軽量で丈夫であることから、合成樹脂製が好ましい。該合成樹脂としては、例えばポリプロピレン、ポリカーボネート、アクリロニトリルスチレン及びＡＢＳ等が挙げられる。
It is preferable that the container has ribs or the like on the outside of the bottom face for reducing the distortion caused by forming the protrusion on the inside of the bottom face because the container is less likely to be deformed such as warped. It is preferable that a plurality of ribs are formed at a predetermined interval.
The shape of the rib is not particularly limited as long as the strain can be reduced, and examples thereof include a rail shape. It is preferable that a plurality of the rail-shaped ribs are formed so as to be substantially parallel to each other at a predetermined interval. When the container has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, a predetermined interval is provided in the longitudinal direction of the bottom surface. It is preferable that a plurality are formed so as to be substantially parallel to each other.
A plurality of planters are usually installed and used on a cultivation shelf in an agricultural house or a plant factory. As the cultivation shelf, a frame is preferable because it is lightweight and easy to carry. Examples of the material of the frame include aluminum and steel. Further, as a planter used for such a cultivation shelf, one having a rail-shaped protruding portion formed outside the bottom surface of the container is preferable. Such a planter is preferable because it can be easily taken in and out of the cultivation shelf by sliding the planter. It is preferable that a plurality of the rail-shaped projecting portions are formed so as to be substantially parallel to each other at a predetermined interval. By changing the height of some of the plurality of rail-shaped protrusions, the bottom surface can be inclined.
In addition, when the rib has a rail shape, the rail-shaped protruding portion is preferably provided so as to intersect with the rib (FIG. 4).
The material of the container is not particularly limited, but it is preferably made of synthetic resin because it is lightweight and durable. Examples of the synthetic resin include polypropylene, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile styrene, ABS and the like.
次に本発明のプランターに使用する不織布としては、綿、麻、羊毛、パルプ及び絹等の天然繊維や、レーヨン、ナイロン、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレン、アクリル、ビニロン、ポリ塩化ビニル及びポリ乳酸等の生分解性樹脂等の化学繊維を原料とするものが挙げられる。不織布の単位面積当たりの重さ（坪量、目付）は、１５ｇ／ｍ2以上であることが好ましい。不織布の単位面積当たりの重さが１５ｇ／ｍ2未満であると、植物の種類によっては種子が保持され難い場合がある。不織布の単位面積当たりの重さの上限は特にないが、１００ｇ／ｍ2以下であるのが、植物の根が侵入し易く、また自重でたわみ難いので好ましい。
また、不織布の繊維の太さは０．５〜１０デニールが好ましく、不織布の厚みは０．０５〜１０ｍｍが好ましい。
不織布は、容器底面の内側全域に渡って敷設されていることが好ましい。
Next, as the non-woven fabric used in the planter of the present invention, natural fibers such as cotton, hemp, wool, pulp and silk, biodegradation of rayon, nylon, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic, vinylon, polyvinyl chloride and polylactic acid, etc. Examples thereof include those made from a chemical fiber such as a functional resin. The weight (basis weight, basis weight) per unit area of the nonwoven fabric is preferably 15 g/m 2 or more. When the weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric is less than 15 g/m 2 , it may be difficult to retain the seed depending on the type of plant. The upper limit of the weight per unit area of the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 100 g/m 2 or less because plant roots easily invade and it is difficult to bend due to its own weight.
The fiber thickness of the non-woven fabric is preferably 0.5 to 10 denier, and the non-woven fabric thickness is preferably 0.05 to 10 mm.
It is preferable that the non-woven fabric is laid all over the bottom surface of the container.
以下、本発明の実施例を説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例によりその範囲が限定されるものではない。 Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
＜実施例１＞
底面内側に、直径５ｍｍ及び高さ５ｍｍの略球状の突出部が、容器の対向する２辺を通る任意の直線上に少なくとも１つの突出部が存在するように、底面内側全域にわたって形成された（図２）、長さ１３００ｍｍ×幅３００ｍｍ×高さ５０ｍｍのＡＢＳ製の容器に、坪量２０ｇ／ｍ2のポリプロピレン製の不織布を前記突出部を覆うように、該底面内側全域に渡って敷設し、プランターとした。なお、前記容器の底面外側には、レール状のリブ及びそれと直行するレール状の突出部がそれぞれ所定間隔で複数本形成されており、また複数本形成されたレール状突出部のうちの１本の高さを他のレール状突出部とより高くすることにより、底面に傾斜を付与しており、該傾斜した底面の傾斜下側には排出口が設けられている。
次に、前記プランターの不織布上に、紅法師の種子１２００粒を略均等の間隔で撒き、プランターをアルミ製の枠からなる栽培棚に設置した。その後、プランターに養液を流速４００ｍｌ／分で供給し、紅法師を栽培した。なお、養液は栽培期間中連続して供給されており、プランター内で一定量になるよう制御されている。古い養液や過剰の養液は、容器底面部を流れ、排出口から排出される。
種子を撒いてから１１日後、紅法師が収穫できる程度に葉が生長したが、不織布と容器底面との間には、根が生長できるスペースが充分確保されており、根の成長は妨げられていなかった。紅法師の生長状態（平均高さ）及び１１日後の葉の収穫量（一個のプランター内の葉の合計量）を表1に記す。
<Example 1>
A substantially spherical protrusion having a diameter of 5 mm and a height of 5 mm was formed on the inside of the bottom face over the entire inside of the bottom face such that at least one protrusion was present on an arbitrary straight line passing through two opposite sides of the container ( 2), a non-woven fabric made of polypropylene having a basis weight of 20 g/m 2 is laid all over the inner surface of the bottom surface in an ABS container having a length of 1300 mm, a width of 300 mm and a height of 50 mm so as to cover the protrusion. , Planter. A plurality of rail-shaped ribs and rail-shaped protrusions orthogonal to the ribs are formed at predetermined intervals on the outside of the bottom surface of the container, and one of the formed rail-shaped protrusions is formed. The height is higher than that of the other rail-shaped protrusions, so that the bottom surface is inclined, and a discharge port is provided below the inclined bottom surface.
Next, 1,200 grains of Benihoushi seeds were sown on the non-woven fabric of the planter at substantially equal intervals, and the planter was placed on a cultivation shelf made of an aluminum frame. Then, the nutrient solution was supplied to the planter at a flow rate of 400 ml/min to cultivate Benhomushi. The nutrient solution is continuously supplied during the cultivation period, and is controlled so as to have a constant amount in the planter. The old nutrient solution or excess nutrient solution flows through the bottom of the container and is discharged from the discharge port.
Eleven days after sowing the seeds, the leaves had grown enough to be harvested by a red lawyer, but there was enough space for root growth between the non-woven fabric and the bottom of the container, which hindered root growth. There wasn't. Table 1 shows the growth state (average height) and the amount of leaves harvested after 11 days (total amount of leaves in one planter).
＜実施例２＞
略球状の突出部が底面内側全域にわたって並列するように形成された（図３、容器底面の対向する２辺を通る任意の直線を引いた際に、該直線上に突出部が一つも存在しない箇所がある）こと以外は実施例１と同様のプランターを用い、実施例１と同様に１１日間紅法師の栽培を行った。紅法師の生長状態（平均高さ）及び１１日後の葉の収穫量を表1に記す。なお、容器の前記直線上に突出部が存在しない箇所の一部においては、不織布がたわんで容器の底面にあたっていた。
<Example 2>
Substantially spherical projections are formed so as to be juxtaposed over the entire bottom surface (FIG. 3, when an arbitrary straight line passing through two opposite sides of the container bottom is drawn, there is no projection on the straight line). Except that there are some places), the same planter as in Example 1 was used, and cultivation of Benihoushi was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 for 11 days. Table 1 shows the growth state (average height) and the amount of leaves harvested after 11 days of the Benin-houshi. The non-woven fabric was bent and hit the bottom surface of the container at a portion of the container where no protrusion was present on the straight line.
１ 容器
２ 容器底面に形成された突出部
３ 容器底面
４ 排出口
５ レール状のリブ
６ レール状の突出部
７ 不織布
８ 植物栽培用プランター
1
Claims (4)
底面と該底面の外周に立設された側壁とを有する容器の内側に、不織布及び該不織布を支持する突出部を備えてなり、
前記突出部が前記底面に形成されており、
前記突出部が、前記容器の底面の単位面積あたり２〜４個／ｃｍ 2 であり、
前記突出部の高さが４〜８ｍｍである植物栽培用プランター。 In the plant cultivation planter installed on the cultivation shelf,
The inside of the container having an outer peripheral upright sidewalls to the bottom and bottom surface, Ri Na includes a protrusion for supporting the non-woven fabric and the nonwoven fabric,
The protrusion is formed on the bottom surface,
The protrusion is 2 to 4 pieces/cm 2 per unit area of the bottom surface of the container ,
The height of the protrusions planter for plant cultivation Ru 4~8mm der.
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