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JP6729192B2 - Welded joint and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP6729192B2 - Welded joint and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Welded joint and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP6729192B2
JP6729192B2 JP2016169667A JP2016169667A JP6729192B2 JP 6729192 B2 JP6729192 B2 JP 6729192B2 JP 2016169667 A JP2016169667 A JP 2016169667A JP 2016169667 A JP2016169667 A JP 2016169667A JP 6729192 B2 JP6729192 B2 JP 6729192B2
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weld metal
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steel plates
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JP2018034188A (en
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仁寿 ▲徳▼永
仁寿 ▲徳▼永
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

本発明は、重ね合わせた複数の鋼板よりなる溶接継手及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a welded joint made of a plurality of superposed steel plates and a method for manufacturing the same.

従来から、自動車の組立において、複数の鋼板を電極で挟んで溶接するスポット溶接が広く用いられている。このスポット溶接は、ロボットが溶接ガンを運搬し、複数の位置に溶接を行うため、溶接ガンが溶接点の間を移動する空走時間が作業時間のロスを発生させていた。 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, spot welding in which a plurality of steel plates are sandwiched between electrodes and welded has been widely used in the assembly of automobiles. In this spot welding, since the robot carries the welding gun and performs welding at a plurality of positions, the idling time during which the welding gun moves between the welding points causes a loss of working time.

一方、接合する材料(母材という)を局部的に溶融状態にして結合,凝固させる融接法(溶融溶接法)も用いられている。溶融溶接法の代表的なものは高パワー密度の光線(以下、単に「光線」と記載する場合がある)による溶接であり、スポット溶接のように溶接点を移動する空走時間のロスがほとんどなく、生産効率を高めるメリットがある。一般的に、光線による溶接はドア開口部周りに位置するセンターピラーやサイドシルの組み立て溶接などに用いられている。しかし、光線による溶接では、従来から、鋼板を重ね合わせて溶接をする際、重ね合わせた鋼板の間に大きな隙間が存在すると、溶接欠陥が生じてしまい、溶接継手の強度が低下するという問題があった。 On the other hand, there is also used a fusion welding method (fusion welding method) in which a material to be joined (referred to as a base material) is locally melted to bond and solidify. A typical fusion welding method is welding with a high power density light beam (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "light beam"), and there is almost no loss of idle running time to move the welding point like spot welding. No, there is an advantage to increase production efficiency. Generally, welding by light rays is used for assembling and welding center pillars and side sills located around door openings. However, in the welding by light rays, when the steel sheets are superposed and welded, if there is a large gap between the superposed steel sheets, a welding defect occurs and the strength of the welded joint is reduced. there were.

具体的には、スポット溶接では重ね合わせた鋼板を2つの電極で挟み込み、隙間が生じても強制的に隙間を潰して溶接するため、隙間が問題となることはほとんどない。一方、溶接用の光線による溶接では離れた位置から光線を照射するため、鋼板間に隙間が生じてもそのまま溶接することが求められる。
しかし、光線による溶接ではアーク溶接などに比べて溶融した金属の量が少なく、隙間が開いた状態で溶接すると、溶融金属が不足して溶け落ち欠陥が発生しやすくなる。特に、重ね合わせた板組みのうち、溶接用光線の照射側に配置した鋼板(一枚目の鋼板)の厚さが薄くなると、隙間内に溶融金属が流れ込んだ場合に、隙間の一部が溶接金属によって塞がれずに、表面まで通じるような穴として残るという欠陥が発生しやすい。
Specifically, in spot welding, the overlapped steel plates are sandwiched by two electrodes, and even if a gap is created, the gap is forcibly crushed and welded, so that the gap is hardly a problem. On the other hand, in welding with a light beam for welding, since the light beam is emitted from a distant position, it is required to perform welding as it is even if a gap is formed between the steel plates.
However, in welding with light rays, the amount of molten metal is smaller than that in arc welding and the like, and when welding is performed with a gap left, the molten metal becomes insufficient and a burn-through defect is likely to occur. In particular, when the thickness of the steel plate (first steel plate) arranged on the irradiation side of the welding light beam in the stacked plate assembly becomes thin, when the molten metal flows into the gap, part of the gap is A defect that the hole is not blocked by the weld metal and remains as a hole reaching the surface is likely to occur.

特に、自動車の分野では、車体の軽量化を目的として、合金元素を多く含み、かつ母材強度が高い高張力鋼が用いられている。さらに、剛性が求められる部材には比較的板厚の厚い鋼板が用いられる。しかしながら、このような鋼板では、プレス精度が低下し、重ね合わされた自動車用鋼板の間に隙間が生じやすくなる。このため、自動車用鋼板の溶接に光線による溶接を用いた場合では、重ね合わせた隙間に起因して、上記のように溶接金属が溶け落ちるという欠陥が生じやすい。このような問題に対して、以下の特許文献1および2に示す対策手法が開示されている。 In the field of automobiles in particular, high-strength steel containing a large amount of alloying elements and having high base metal strength is used for the purpose of reducing the weight of the vehicle body. Further, a steel plate having a relatively large plate thickness is used for a member requiring rigidity. However, in such a steel sheet, the pressing accuracy is lowered, and a gap is likely to be formed between the superposed steel sheets for automobiles. For this reason, when light beam welding is used for welding automotive steel sheets, the above-mentioned defects such as melting of the weld metal are likely to occur due to the gaps that are overlapped. Patent Documents 1 and 2 below disclose countermeasures against such problems.

特開2008−126297号公報(特許文献1)には、2枚の金属板を重ね、その重ね合わせ部における一方の金属板の表面に高パワー密度の光線を照射して両金属板を溶接する際に、初めに光線を広い領域に低エネルギーで照射して光線の照射側の金属板を溶融させ溶融金属量を確保し、その後、光線を高エネルギーで照射して他方の金属板も溶融させることにより、板間隙間がある場合でも十分な溶着量が存在し、溶け落ちが防止され、欠陥のない溶接が安定的に行われる光線による溶接方法が開示されている。 In Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2008-126297 (Patent Document 1), two metal plates are superposed, and the surface of one of the superposed metal plates is irradiated with a high power density light beam to weld the two metal plates together. At this time, first, a light beam is irradiated to a wide area with low energy to melt the metal plate on the irradiation side of the light beam to secure a molten metal amount, and then a light beam is irradiated with high energy to melt the other metal plate. As a result, there is disclosed a welding method using a light beam in which a sufficient amount of welding is present even when there is a gap between plates, burn-through is prevented, and welding without defects is stably performed.

特開2012−035303号公報(特許文献2)には、2枚の鋼板を重ね合わせて保持し、1枚の鋼板を屈曲用光線を用いて溶接することによる熱変形を利用して重ね合わせた鋼板間の隙間を低減した後、溶接用の光線を照射して両板材を溶接する溶接方法が開示されている。 In JP 2012-035303 A (Patent Document 2), two steel plates are superposed and held, and one steel plate is superposed by utilizing thermal deformation by welding using a bending light beam. A welding method is disclosed in which a gap between the steel plates is reduced and then a beam for welding is applied to weld both plate materials.

特開2008−126297号公報JP, 2008-126297, A 特開2012−035303号公報JP 2012-035303A

しかしながら、特許文献1の方法では、初めに溶接用の光線の照射側の鋼板を低エネルギーの光線で広範囲を溶融させるには、通常の溶接時間に比べて長い時間が必要となり、加工時間が増大するという問題がある。
特許文献2の方法では、隙間調整工程として、溶接工程前に鋼板に対して屈曲用の光線を用いた熱処理を行う必要がある。このため、加工時間が増大するという問題がある。
However, in the method of Patent Document 1, in order to first melt the steel plate on the irradiation side of the welding light beam with a low energy light beam, a long time is required as compared with the normal welding time, and the processing time increases. There is a problem of doing.
In the method of Patent Document 2, as a gap adjusting step, it is necessary to perform heat treatment using a bending light beam on the steel sheet before the welding step. Therefore, there is a problem that the processing time increases.

さらに、溶接用の光線の照射面となる鋼板の板厚が薄い場合では、上記のような隙間の一部が溶接金属によって塞がれないという溶け落ち欠陥が生じる場合があるが、特許文献1、2の方法では、そのような問題を解決することはできない。 Further, in the case where the thickness of the steel plate that is the irradiation surface of the welding light beam is thin, there may be a burn-through defect in which a portion of the gap as described above is not closed by the weld metal, but Patent Document 1 Method 2 cannot solve such a problem.

本発明の目的は、重ね合わせた鋼板を高パワー密度の光線により溶接した溶接継手に関し、溶け落ち欠陥や穴あき欠陥の発生を抑制し、光線による溶接継手の強度低下を抑制した溶接継手を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention relates to a welded joint in which superposed steel sheets are welded by a high power density light beam, and suppresses the occurrence of burn-through defects and perforation defects and provides a welded joint that suppresses the strength reduction of the welded joint due to light beams To do.

本発明の実施形態による溶接継手は、
重ね合わされた複数の鋼板と、該複数の鋼板を重ね方向に柱状に貫通した溶接金属とよりなり、該溶接金属により前記複数の鋼板が互いに溶接されている溶接継手であって、
前記溶接金属の重ね方向の端面は、鋼板表面に対して凹部を形成しており、かつ、一方の端面の面積は、他方の端面の面積よりも大きくなっており、
重ね合わされた複数枚の鋼板の最も外側に位置する鋼板のうち、前記溶接金属の端面の面積が大きい側の鋼板は1.0mm以下の厚さを有するものであり、
さらに、前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(1)を満たすことを特徴とする。
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.4質量% ・・・(1)
ここで、式(1)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。無添加の元素の場合は、ゼロを代入する。
The welded joint according to the embodiment of the present invention,
A plurality of steel plates that are overlapped with each other, consisting of a weld metal penetrating the plurality of steel plates in a columnar direction in the stacking direction, a weld joint in which the plurality of steel plates are welded to each other by the weld metal,
The end face of the weld metal in the stacking direction forms a recess with respect to the steel plate surface, and the area of one end face is larger than the area of the other end face,
Among the outermost steel plates of the plurality of superposed steel plates, the steel plate on the side where the end surface of the weld metal is large has a thickness of 1.0 mm or less,
Furthermore, the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (1).
Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti-Cr/3≦0.4 mass% (1)
Here, the content of the corresponding element is substituted for each element symbol of the formula (1) in mass %. In the case of an additive-free element, substitute zero.

また、本発明の実施形態による溶接継手の製造方法は、
複数の鋼板を重ね合わせ、この重ね合わせた鋼板に重ね合わせ方向から高パワー密度の溶接用光線を照射しつつ、該光線を円形の領域内で複数回走査させて、重ね合わせた複数の鋼板を貫通する溶接金属を形成し、重ね合わせた鋼板を互いに溶接する上記(1)に記載の溶接継手の製造方法であって、
前記鋼板として、前記溶接用光線の照射面に配置された1.0mm以下の厚さを有する鋼板を含み、
さらに、重ね合わせる鋼板の組み合わせによって、前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(1)を満たすことを特徴とする。
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.4質量% ・・・(1)
ここで、式(1)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。
無添加の元素の場合は、ゼロを代入する。
Further, the method for manufacturing a welded joint according to the embodiment of the present invention,
Laminating a plurality of steel plates, irradiating a welding light beam having a high power density from the laminating direction to the laminated steel plates, scanning the light beam a plurality of times within a circular region, and thereby laminating the plurality of steel plates. A method for manufacturing a welded joint according to (1) above, wherein a weld metal that penetrates is formed, and the superposed steel plates are welded to each other.
The steel sheet includes a steel sheet having a thickness of 1.0 mm or less arranged on the irradiation surface of the welding light beam,
Further, it is characterized in that the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (1) depending on the combination of the steel plates to be stacked.
Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti-Cr/3≦0.4 mass% (1)
Here, the content of the corresponding element is substituted for each element symbol of the formula (1) in mass %.
In the case of an additive-free element, substitute zero.

これらの実施形態によれば、溶接金属の化学組成が式(1)を満たすことにより、溶融した金属の流動性の極端な低下が抑制され、複数の鋼板を貫通する溶接金属が鋼板同士の接合部分に保持されやすい。すなわち、重なり合った鋼板間の隙間が大きくても溶接金属が溶け落ちにくい。その結果、重ね合わされた複数の鋼板における光線による溶接継手の強度低下を抑制することができる。 According to these embodiments, when the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the formula (1), the extreme decrease in the fluidity of the molten metal is suppressed, and the weld metal penetrating a plurality of steel plates is joined to each other. It is easy to be held in a part. That is, even if the gap between the overlapping steel plates is large, the weld metal does not easily melt down. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in strength of the welded joint due to light rays in the plurality of superposed steel plates.

本発明によれば、溶け落ち欠陥の発生を抑制し、光線による溶接継手の強度低下を抑制した溶接継手を提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a welded joint that suppresses the occurrence of burn-through defects and suppresses the reduction in strength of the welded joint due to light rays.

本発明の実施形態による溶接継手の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the welded joint by embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施例における溶接金属の溶接当量と欠陥発生個数を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the welding equivalent of the weld metal and the defect generation number in the Example of this invention.

以下、図面を参照し、本発明の実施形態である、溶接継手及びその製造方法を詳しく説明する。図中同一または相当部分には同一符号を付してその説明は繰り返さない。なお、説明を分かりやすくするために、以下で参照する図面においては、構成が簡略化または模式化して示されたり、一部の構成部材が省略されたりしている。また、各図に示された構成部材間の寸法比は、必ずしも実際の寸法比を示すものではない。 Hereinafter, a welded joint and a method for manufacturing the same, which are embodiments of the present invention, will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding parts in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated. In addition, in order to make the description easy to understand, in the drawings referred to below, the configuration is shown in a simplified or schematic manner, or some of the constituent members are omitted. Further, the dimensional ratios between the constituent members shown in the respective drawings do not necessarily indicate the actual dimensional ratios.

[溶接継手]
以下、溶接継手について説明する。
図1を参照して、この溶接継手1は、重ね合わされた鋼板21〜22と、柱状の溶接金属3とを備える。また、鋼板21および22の間には、溶接前に鋼板を重ね合わせたときに生じる隙間を有する場合がある。
[Welding joint]
The welded joint will be described below.
With reference to FIG. 1, this welded joint 1 includes superposed steel plates 21 to 22 and a columnar weld metal 3. Further, there may be a gap between the steel plates 21 and 22 that occurs when the steel plates are superposed before welding.

鋼板21〜22のうち少なくとも一つの鋼板は、自動車用の各種部材に適した高張力鋼からなるものが好ましい。より具体的には、鋼板21〜22のうち少なくとも一つの鋼板は、590Mpa以上の母材強度を有する高張力鋼が好ましい。鋼板21は、1.0mm以下の厚さを有する。鋼板21の厚さの下限は、好ましくは0.5mm、さらに好ましくは0.7mmである。鋼板21は、鋼板22よりも厚さが薄いことが好ましい。鋼板21は、溶接用光線の照射面に配置される。また、鋼板22は、0.7超え〜3.6mmの範囲の厚さを有することが好ましい。 At least one of the steel plates 21 to 22 is preferably made of high-strength steel suitable for various members for automobiles. More specifically, at least one of the steel plates 21 to 22 is preferably a high-strength steel having a base metal strength of 590 MPa or more. The steel plate 21 has a thickness of 1.0 mm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the steel plate 21 is preferably 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm. The steel plate 21 is preferably thinner than the steel plate 22. The steel plate 21 is arranged on the irradiation surface of the welding light beam. Moreover, it is preferable that the steel plate 22 has a thickness in the range of more than 0.7 to 3.6 mm.

溶接金属3は、溶接用の光線による溶接で形成される。より具体的には、溶接金属3は、溶接用光線の照射装置から照射される、好ましくはパワー密度500kW/cm2以上の光線を円形の領域内をカバーするように走査させ、重ね合わされた鋼板21〜22の溶接用光線の照射部分とその周囲溶接部が溶融して形成される。
溶接金属3は、重ね合わせ方向に鋼板21〜22を柱状(通常は円柱状)に貫通する。この結果、鋼板21〜22は、溶接金属3により接合される。
The weld metal 3 is formed by welding with a welding light beam. More specifically, the weld metal 3 is made by scanning a beam of light having a power density of 500 kW/cm 2 or more, which is emitted from a welding light beam irradiation device, so as to cover a circular region, and the steel plates are superposed. The portions 21 to 22 irradiated with the welding light beam and the peripheral welded portions are formed by melting.
The weld metal 3 penetrates the steel plates 21 to 22 in a columnar shape (usually a columnar shape) in the stacking direction. As a result, the steel plates 21 to 22 are joined by the weld metal 3.

この際、溶接用の光線による溶接では、金属が外部から溶加されないため、溶接金属3の重ね方向の端面5は、鋼板表面に対して凹部を形成しており、かつ、光線の照射側の鋼板は、他側の鋼板より広い面積で溶融するため、光線照射側の溶接金属の端面の面積は、他方の端面の面積よりも大きくなっている。
大きい方の端面の面積(上記円形の領域の面積に相当する)は、継手強度を確保する観点から、5〜100mmの範囲が好ましく、さらに10〜80mmの範囲がより好ましい。
At this time, since the metal is not added from the outside in the welding with the light beam for welding, the end surface 5 of the welding metal 3 in the stacking direction forms a recess with respect to the steel plate surface, and the light irradiation side Since the steel sheet melts in a wider area than the steel sheet on the other side, the area of the end face of the weld metal on the light irradiation side is larger than the area of the other end face.
The area of the larger end surface (corresponding to the area of the circular region) is preferably 5 to 100 mm 2 , and more preferably 10 to 80 mm 2 from the viewpoint of securing joint strength.

溶接金属3の化学組成は、下記の式(1)を満たすようにする。
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.4質量% ・・・(1)
ここで、式(1)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。無添加の元素の場合は、ゼロを代入する。
以下、説明の便宜上、式(1)の左辺により算出される値を、流動性を示す指標として「溶接当量」と呼ぶ。なお、式(1)の詳細については後述する。
この溶接当量の下限は特に規定しないが、好ましくは0.15質量%であり、0.2質量%であることがより好ましい。
The chemical composition of the weld metal 3 satisfies the following formula (1).
Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti-Cr/3≦0.4 mass% (1)
Here, the content of the corresponding element is substituted for each element symbol of the formula (1) in mass %. In the case of an additive-free element, substitute zero.
Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the value calculated by the left side of Expression (1) is referred to as “welding equivalent” as an index showing fluidity. The details of the equation (1) will be described later.
The lower limit of the welding equivalent is not particularly specified, but is preferably 0.15% by mass, and more preferably 0.2% by mass.

[製造方法]
以下、溶接継手1の製造方法を説明する。
鋼板21〜22を互いに重ね合わせる。より具体的には、溶接用光線の照射面となる鋼板21を上側、鋼板22を下側に配置し、治具を用いて、鋼板21〜22を重ね合わせる。このとき、プレス精度の問題から、1.0mm程度の隙間4が形成されてしまう場合がある。
[Production method]
Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing the welded joint 1 will be described.
The steel plates 21 to 22 are superposed on each other. More specifically, the steel plate 21 to be the irradiation surface of the welding light beam is arranged on the upper side, the steel plate 22 is arranged on the lower side, and the steel plates 21 to 22 are overlapped by using a jig. At this time, a gap 4 of about 1.0 mm may be formed due to the problem of press accuracy.

次に、溶接用光線を照射した溶接により、重ね合わせた鋼板21〜22を接合する。
光線による溶接は、固体などの媒体を用いた発振器より照射される高パワー密度光線の照射装置(図示せず)を用いて行う。ここで、高パワー密度の光線とは、例えば、レーザ光線をさす。
Next, the superposed steel plates 21 to 22 are joined by welding with irradiation of a welding light beam.
Welding with a light beam is performed using a high power density light beam irradiation device (not shown) that is emitted from an oscillator using a medium such as a solid. Here, the high power density light beam refers to, for example, a laser beam.

光線による溶接は、鋼板21の外表面に対して行う。より具体的には、鋼板21の上方から、鋼板21の外表面に溶接用光線を照射し、円形に複数回光線を走査させる。光線の照射時間は、1点(1つの柱状溶接金属)あたり0.2〜2.0秒である。
これにより、鋼板21〜22において、溶接用光線の照射された部分が溶融する。その結果、図1(a)、(b)に示すような、端面5が円形状で凹状になった溶接金属3が形成される。
以上によって形成される溶接金属3は、鋼板21〜22を貫通し、鋼板21〜22を接合する。
The welding by the light beam is performed on the outer surface of the steel plate 21. More specifically, from above the steel plate 21, the outer surface of the steel plate 21 is irradiated with a welding light beam, and the circular light beam is scanned a plurality of times. The irradiation time of light rays is 0.2 to 2.0 seconds per point (one columnar weld metal).
As a result, in the steel plates 21 to 22, the portions irradiated with the welding light beam are melted. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), a weld metal 3 having a circular end surface 5 and a concave shape is formed.
The weld metal 3 formed as described above penetrates the steel plates 21 to 22 and joins the steel plates 21 to 22.

使用する溶接用光線の好ましい条件の範囲は、波長:900nm〜1100nm、集光径:φ0.15mm-φ2.0mm、パワー密度:500〜10000kW/cm2である。
溶接用光線の照射方向は、鉛直方向の下向きに限らず、鋼板の配置位置などに応じて上方向、横方法など、あらゆる方向であってもよい。
以上により、溶接継手1が形成される。
The preferable conditions of the welding light beam used are: wavelength: 900 nm to 1100 nm, condensing diameter: φ0.15 mm-φ2.0 mm, power density: 500 to 10,000 kW/cm 2 .
The irradiation direction of the welding light beam is not limited to the downward direction in the vertical direction, but may be any direction such as an upward direction or a lateral direction depending on the arrangement position of the steel sheet.
By the above, the welded joint 1 is formed.

以下、本発明の実施形態による溶接継手1の効果を説明する。
[式(1)について]
本発明者らは、従来技術の問題に鑑み、溶接しようとする鋼板の組み合わせで、溶接金属の成分を制御することにより、光線による溶接における溶接金属の溶け落ち欠陥の改善を試みた。
より具体的には、溶接金属の流動性と溶け落ち欠陥の関係に注目した。一般的に溶融した金属流体の内部に働く摩擦抵抗が低下すると溶融した金属の流動性が高くなるが、摩擦抵抗がさらに低下すると、流れの力が周囲に伝わりにくくなって逆に溶融した金属の流動性が低下し、溶融した金属が鋼板同士の接合部分に流れ込みにくくなって鋼板間の隙間を埋めにくくなり、溶け落ち欠陥が発生しやすくなる。そこで溶融金属の流動性の適正化が必要となる。
Hereinafter, effects of the welded joint 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[About Formula (1)]
In view of the problems of the prior art, the present inventors tried to improve the burn-through defect of the weld metal in the welding by the light beam by controlling the composition of the weld metal with the combination of steel sheets to be welded.
More specifically, we focused on the relationship between the fluidity of the weld metal and the burn-through defect. Generally, when the frictional resistance acting inside the molten metal fluid decreases, the fluidity of the molten metal increases, but when the frictional resistance further decreases, the force of the flow becomes difficult to transmit to the surroundings and conversely The fluidity is lowered, and the molten metal is less likely to flow into the joint between the steel sheets and the gap between the steel sheets is less likely to be filled, and a burn-through defect is likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the fluidity of the molten metal.

鋼板に含有される添加元素のAl、Si、Mn、TiおよびCrのうち、Al、SiおよびMnの濃度が高くなれば、溶接金属の流動性は低くなる。一方、鋼板に含有されるTiおよびCrの濃度が高くなれば、溶接金属の流動性は高くなる。このような各元素の特性に着目し、各元素の濃度と流動性との関係を考慮して、式(1)を導き出した。
なお、今回検討したベースが鉄となる成分系では、金属流体の内部に働く摩擦抵抗が高すぎることによる流動性の阻害は起こらないと考えられるので特に下限の値は設定しなかった。
Among the additive elements Al, Si, Mn, Ti and Cr contained in the steel sheet, the higher the concentration of Al, Si and Mn, the lower the fluidity of the weld metal. On the other hand, the higher the concentration of Ti and Cr contained in the steel sheet, the higher the fluidity of the weld metal. Focusing on such characteristics of each element, the formula (1) was derived in consideration of the relationship between the concentration of each element and the fluidity.
It should be noted that, in the component system whose base is iron studied this time, it is considered that the fluidity is not hindered by the frictional resistance acting inside the metal fluid being too high, so the lower limit value was not set in particular.

すなわち、本発明の実施の形態によれば、溶接金属3の化学組成が上述の式(1)を満たすことにより、溶融した金属の流動性の極端な低下が抑制され、鋼板21〜22を貫通する溶接金属3が鋼板同士の接合部分に保持されやすい。このため、隙間が大きくても溶接金属3が溶け落ちにくい。その結果、重ね合わされた鋼板21〜22において、形成された溶接継手の強度の低下を抑制できる。 That is, according to the embodiment of the present invention, when the chemical composition of the weld metal 3 satisfies the above-mentioned formula (1), the extreme decrease in the fluidity of the molten metal is suppressed, and the steel plates 21 to 22 are penetrated. The weld metal 3 to be welded is easily held at the joint between the steel plates. Therefore, even if the gap is large, the weld metal 3 is unlikely to melt down. As a result, in the superposed steel plates 21 to 22, it is possible to suppress the decrease in the strength of the welded joint formed.

また、横向きや上向きに光線を照射する場合は、光線の照射により形成される溶接金属3は、下向きに光線を照射する場合に比べて、重力の影響でより溶け落ち欠陥が発生しやすい。しかしながら、溶融した金属の流動性が高いと、これが隙間4に入りやすいため、溶け落ち欠陥が減少し、健全な接合部分としての溶接金属3を形成しやすくなる。 Further, when the light beam is irradiated sideways or upward, the weld metal 3 formed by the irradiation of the light beam is more likely to cause a melt-through defect due to the influence of gravity, as compared with the case where the light beam is irradiated downward. However, when the fluidity of the molten metal is high, the molten metal easily enters the gap 4, so that the burn-through defect is reduced and the weld metal 3 as a sound joint portion is easily formed.

[その他の実施形態]
本発明の実施形態による溶接継手1では、溶接しようとする鋼板に2枚の鋼板21〜22を用いたが、この2枚の鋼板に限らず、3枚以上の鋼板を含む溶接継手であってもよい。また、鋼板は、溶接継手を形成する部分が重ね合わされる形状であればよく、鋼板からプレス成形された部材を含むものである。
[Other Embodiments]
In the welded joint 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the two steel plates 21 to 22 are used as the steel plates to be welded, but the welded joint includes not only these two steel plates but also three or more steel plates. Good. The steel sheet may have any shape as long as the portions forming the welded joint are superposed on each other, and includes a member formed by press forming the steel sheet.

以上、本発明についての実施形態を説明したが、本発明は上述の実施形態およびその変形例のみに限定されず、発明の範囲内で種々の変更が可能である。また、各実施形態およびその変形例は、適宜組み合わせて実施することが可能である。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications thereof, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the invention. In addition, each of the embodiments and the modifications thereof can be appropriately combined and implemented.

上板および下板を用いて、試料番号1〜9からなる溶接継手のサンプルを作製し、それぞれのサンプルにおける欠陥の発生個数を調べた。 Samples of welded joints consisting of sample numbers 1 to 9 were produced using the upper plate and the lower plate, and the number of defects generated in each sample was examined.

本実施例による溶接継手のサンプルは、光線による溶接により、上板および下板の2枚からなる鋼板を接合したものである。
上板および下板には、化学組成が質量%で、C:0.02〜0.2%、Si:0.005〜1.5%、Mn:0.1〜3%、Ti:0.5%以下、Cr:0.5%以下、Al:1%以下、S:0.007%以下の範囲の鋼板であって、上板と下板は化学組成が異なる鋼板を用いた。
また、上板には厚み:0.7mmの、下板には厚み:1.4mmの鋼板を用いた。
The sample of the welded joint according to the present embodiment is one in which two steel plates, an upper plate and a lower plate, are joined by welding with light rays.
The chemical composition of the upper plate and the lower plate is% by mass, C: 0.02 to 0.2%, Si: 0.005 to 1.5%, Mn: 0.1 to 3%, Ti: 0.5% or less, Cr: 0.5% or less, Al: Steel plates having a range of 1% or less and S: 0.007% or less, in which upper and lower plates had different chemical compositions were used.
A steel plate having a thickness of 0.7 mm was used for the upper plate and a steel plate having a thickness of 1.4 mm was used for the lower plate.

各試料番号における上板、および下板を重ね合わせ、上板の表面に高パワー密度の光線であるレーザを照射し、円形の領域内で複数回レーザを走査させた。このとき上板と下板の間の隙間は0.3mm〜0.4mmであり、溶接用光線の照射条件は、波長:1070nm、集光径:φ0.6mm、パワー密度:1428.5kW/cm2、照射時間:0.6秒間であった。
これにより、重ね方向端面が円形状の溶接金属を形成した。溶接金属の上板側と下板側の端面は、いずれも凹状を呈しており、上板側端面の表面積は下板側の端面の表面積よりも大きかった。
The upper plate and the lower plate in each sample number were superposed, the surface of the upper plate was irradiated with a laser beam having a high power density, and the laser beam was scanned a plurality of times within a circular region. At this time, the gap between the upper plate and the lower plate is 0.3 mm to 0.4 mm, and the irradiation conditions of the welding light beam are: wavelength: 1070 nm, converging diameter: φ0.6 mm, power density: 1428.5 kW/cm 2 , irradiation time: It was 0.6 seconds.
As a result, a weld metal having a circular end face in the stacking direction was formed. The upper plate side and the lower plate side end surfaces of the weld metal were both concave, and the surface area of the upper plate side end surface was larger than that of the lower plate side end surface.

表1に、各試料番号における溶接金属の化学組成とその含有量(質量%)、式(1)による溶接当量(質量%)、および溶接金属における欠陥の発生個数を示す。試料番号1〜6は本発明の実施例であり、試料番号7〜9は比較例である。 Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the weld metal and its content (mass %) in each sample number, the welding equivalent (mass %) according to formula (1), and the number of defects generated in the weld metal. Sample numbers 1 to 6 are examples of the present invention, and sample numbers 7 to 9 are comparative examples.

Figure 0006729192
Figure 0006729192

表1に示すように、試料番号1〜6では、溶接金属における欠陥の発生個数が8個以下となり、欠陥の発生個数が少なかった。図2を参照すれば、溶接当量が0.4質量%以下の範囲になると、溶接金属における欠陥の発生個数を8個以下に抑えることができることがわかった。 As shown in Table 1, in sample numbers 1 to 6, the number of defects generated in the weld metal was 8 or less, and the number of defects generated was small. With reference to FIG. 2, it was found that when the welding equivalent was in the range of 0.4 mass% or less, the number of defects generated in the weld metal could be suppressed to 8 or less.

一方、表1に示すように、試料番号7〜9では、溶接金属における欠陥の発生個数が8個を超えており、試料番号1〜6と比較して、欠陥の発生個数が多かった。図2を参照すると、試料番号7〜9は、溶接当量が0.4質量%を超える範囲にあり、溶接金属における欠陥の発生が多くなることがわかった。 On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, in sample numbers 7 to 9, the number of defects generated in the weld metal exceeded 8, and the number of defects generated was larger than in sample numbers 1 to 6. With reference to FIG. 2, it was found that Sample Nos. 7 to 9 had a weld equivalent in a range of more than 0.4% by mass, and many defects were generated in the weld metal.

以上の実験結果により、溶接金属の溶接当量が0.4質量%以下となるように、溶接に用いる鋼板の化学成分を調整して溶接金属を形成すれば、溶接金属における欠陥の発生を抑えることができることが確認された。 From the above experimental results, if the chemical composition of the steel sheet used for welding is adjusted to form the weld metal so that the weld equivalent of the weld metal is 0.4 mass% or less, the occurrence of defects in the weld metal is suppressed. It was confirmed that

本発明は、溶け落ち欠陥の発生を抑制し、継手の強度低下を抑制した光線による溶接継手、あるいは該溶接継手を有する自動車用などの鋼部材として産業上の利用が可能である。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be industrially used as a welded joint by light rays that suppresses the occurrence of burn-through defects and suppresses the reduction in strength of the joint, or as a steel member for automobiles having the welded joint.

1 溶接継手
21、22 鋼板
3 溶接金属
4 隙間
5 溶接金属の端面
1 Welded joints 21 and 22 Steel plate 3 Weld metal 4 Gap 5 End face of weld metal

Claims (6)

重ね合わされた複数の鋼板と、該複数の鋼板を重ね方向に柱状に貫通した溶接金属とよりなり、該溶接金属により前記複数の鋼板が互いに溶接されている溶接継手であって、
前記溶接金属の重ね方向の端面は、鋼板表面に対して凹部を形成しており、かつ、一方の端面の面積は、他方の端面の面積よりも大きくなっており、
重ね合わされた複数枚の鋼板の最も外側に位置する鋼板のうち、前記溶接金属の端面の面積が大きい側の鋼板は1.0mm以下の厚さを有するものであり、前記溶接金属の端面の面積が小さい側の鋼板は1.4mm以上の厚さを有するものであり、
さらに、前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(1)を満たすことを特徴とする溶接継手。
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.4質量% ・・・(1)
ここで、式(1)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。無添加の元素の場合は、ゼロを代入する。
A plurality of steel plates that are overlapped with each other, consisting of a weld metal penetrating the plurality of steel plates in a columnar direction in the stacking direction, a weld joint in which the plurality of steel plates are welded to each other by the weld metal,
The end face of the weld metal in the stacking direction forms a recess with respect to the steel plate surface, and the area of one end face is larger than the area of the other end face,
Among the outermost steel sheets of the plurality of superposed steel sheets, the steel sheet on the side where the end surface of the weld metal is large has a thickness of 1.0 mm or less, and the area of the end face of the weld metal. The steel plate on the smaller side has a thickness of 1.4 mm or more,
Furthermore, the welded joint characterized in that the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (1).
Al + Si / 11 + Mn / 7-Ti-Cr / 3 ≦ 0.4 0 wt% (1)
Here, the content of the corresponding element is substituted for each element symbol of the formula (1) in mass %. In the case of an additive-free element, substitute zero.
前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(2)を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の溶接継手。The welded joint according to claim 1, wherein the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (2).
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.28質量% ・・・(2)Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti-Cr/3≦0.28 mass% (2)
前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(3)を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の溶接継手。The welded joint according to claim 2, wherein the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (3).
0.24質量%≦Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.28質量% ・・・(3)0.24 mass%≦Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti—Cr/3≦0.28 mass% (3)
複数の鋼板を重ね合わせ、この重ね合わせた鋼板に重ね合わせ方向から高パワー密度の溶接用光線を照射しつつ、該光線を円形の領域内で複数回走査させて、重ね合わせた複数の鋼板を貫通する溶接金属を形成し、重ね合わせた鋼板を互いに溶接する溶接継手の製造方法であって、
前記鋼板として、前記溶接用光線の照射面に配置された1.0mm以下の厚さを有する鋼板、及び、前記溶接用光線の照射側の反対側に配置された1.4mm以上の厚さを有する鋼板を含み、
さらに、重ね合わせる鋼板の組み合わせによって、前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(1)を満たすことを特徴とする溶接継手の製造方法。
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.4質量% ・・・(1)
ここで、式(1)の各元素記号には、対応する元素の含有量が質量%で代入される。無添加の元素の場合は、ゼロを代入する。
Laminating a plurality of steel plates, irradiating a welding light beam having a high power density from the laminating direction to the laminated steel plates, scanning the light beam a plurality of times within a circular region, and thereby laminating the plurality of steel plates. weld metal to penetrate the formation, a method for producing a welded joint you welding superimposed steel plates to each other,
As the steel plate , a steel plate having a thickness of 1.0 mm or less arranged on the irradiation surface of the welding light beam and a thickness of 1.4 mm or more arranged on the side opposite to the irradiation side of the welding light beam. Including a steel plate having
Furthermore, the chemical composition of the said weld metal satisfy|fills the following formula|equation (1) by the combination of the steel plates to pile up, The manufacturing method of the welded joint characterized by the above-mentioned.
Al + Si / 11 + Mn / 7-Ti-Cr / 3 ≦ 0.4 0 wt% (1)
Here, the content of the corresponding element is substituted for each element symbol of the formula (1) in mass %. In the case of an additive-free element, substitute zero.
前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(2)を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の溶接継手の製造方法。The method for manufacturing a welded joint according to claim 4, wherein the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (2).
Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.28質量% ・・・(2)Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti-Cr/3≦0.28 mass% (2)
前記溶接金属の化学組成が下記式(3)を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の溶接継手の製造方法。 The method for producing a welded joint according to claim 5, wherein the chemical composition of the weld metal satisfies the following formula (3).
0.24質量%≦Al+Si/11+Mn/7−Ti−Cr/3≦0.28質量% ・・・(3)0.24 mass%≦Al+Si/11+Mn/7-Ti—Cr/3≦0.28 mass% (3)
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