JP6785401B2 - Impulsive turbine equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an impulse turbine device, and more particularly to an impulse turbine device that operates in a closed space provided in the middle of a flow path.

Renewable energy is being promoted from the viewpoint of environmental problems and energy problems. Among renewable energies, hydropower has a high energy density and is relatively stable, so it is highly expected as a base load in the future expansion of its spread. However, there is no room for large-scale hydropower development in developed countries, and the situation is shifting to small-scale decentralized hydropower development. In this case, as the development scale becomes smaller, reduction of initial cost and maintenance cost becomes more important from the viewpoint of economy, and measures such as reduction of civil engineering work and simplification of equipment structure are made.

Some small-scale hydroelectric power generation uses idle heads such as agricultural canals, sabo dams, and water and sewage systems, but power generation using the water supply can use existing pipelines and does not require dust removal, so it is cost effective. It is advantageous. The water supply network is widespread throughout the country, and water supply power generation is widespread in urban areas in hilly areas where flow rates and heads are easily obtained. On the other hand, there are many high head and small flow points in local governments with mountainous areas. At such points, the excess pressure between the water purification plant and the distribution reservoir is reduced by dissipating it into the atmosphere as heat, vibration, and noise through a pressure reducing valve. Therefore, by replacing the pressure reducing valve with a turbine or installing a turbine upstream of the pressure reducing valve, it is possible to recover excess pressure energy as electric power or power.

Generally, impulse turbines such as Pelton turbines and Turgo impulse turbines are used at extremely low specific speed points, but these turbines collide a high-speed jet from a nozzle with the bucket of an impeller that rotates in the air. The energy of water is recovered as power, or power is generated by driving a generator (Patent Documents 1 to 3, Non-Patent Document 1, etc.).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-74453 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-54943 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-22580

D.Phommachanh, J.Kurokawa, Y.Choi, N.Nakalima, JSME international journal. Ser. B, Fluids and thermal engineering 49 (2), pp.482-489 (2006).

As mentioned above, impulse turbines are often used for power generation at high heads and small flow points, but the conventional method of rotating the runner in the space inside the casing, which is partially open to the atmosphere, is contaminated with germs from the outside. There are hygienic problems such as a decrease in chlorine concentration and water supply, which may not be applicable. Therefore, as a method of preventing these problems, a method of operating the water turbine in water or a method of operating the water turbine in a closed flow path that is not in contact with the outside even in air can be considered. As a method of operating the turbine underwater, there is a method in which a plurality of reaction turbines are arranged in series to share the head. On the other hand, when the impulse turbine is operated in water, there is a problem that the efficiency is reduced to about 1/4 of that in operation in air.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and provides an impulse turbine device that can be efficiently used for power generation at an extremely low specific speed point having a high head and a small flow rate such as a water supply. The purpose is.

The impulse turbine device according to the present invention is an impulse turbine device in which a casing forming a closed space is provided in the middle of a pipeline for transporting a liquid, and an impeller that is rotated by a discharge flow of the liquid is provided in the casing. hand,
An inflow pipe is connected to the upstream side of the casing and an outflow pipe is connected to the downstream side, and the liquid staying in the casing is transferred to the outflow pipe in an arrangement that bypasses the casing between the inflow pipe and the outflow pipe. A negative pressure generating means for forcibly discharging is provided, and the inflow pipe and the negative pressure generating means are communicated with each other as a flow path for connecting the negative pressure generating means with the inflow pipe, the outflow pipe, and the casing. , The liquid discharged from the negative pressure generating means by connecting the first auxiliary flow path for flowing the liquid separated from the inflow pipe into the negative pressure generating means, the negative pressure generating means and the outflow pipe. A third auxiliary flow path that connects the casing and the negative pressure generating means and discharges the liquid staying in the casing to the negative pressure generating means. And, it is characterized by providing .
The impulse turbine device according to the present invention is used by installing it in a pipeline for transporting a liquid that needs to be suppressed from being exposed to the outside world, not only when it is driven by using water such as a water supply. It is also possible.

Further, a first flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate flowing into the casing is provided in the inflow pipe on the downstream side of each branch position between the inflow pipe and the first auxiliary flow path, and the first flow rate adjusting valve is provided. By providing a second flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate flowing into the negative pressure generating means in the auxiliary flow path of the above , the amount of liquid staying in the casing is adjusted to adjust the operating efficiency of the impeller. Can be done.
Further, by providing a discharge pipe that communicates with the inflow pipe and extends into the casing to discharge the liquid toward the impeller, the discharge fluid discharged to the impeller can be adjusted to efficiently provide the impeller. Can be driven.
As the negative pressure generating means, an ejector or an ejector pump can be used.
By providing a power generation device connected to the impeller, the impulse turbine device can be used for power generation.
In addition, by installing the impulse turbine device in the pipeline that transports clean water, it is possible to operate while preventing the contamination of germs and the dissipation of chlorine.

The impulse turbine device according to the present invention can be installed in a liquid pipeline such as a water supply that needs to suppress exposure to the outside world, and can be used for power generation at extremely low specific speed points with a high head and a small flow rate. It can be used efficiently.

It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the impulse turbine apparatus.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of an impulse turbine device according to the present invention. The impulse turbine device according to the present invention is not limited to the case where power is generated by using the water supply, but will be described below as an example of using the water supply.
As shown in FIG. 1, the impulse turbine device includes a casing 10 installed in the middle of a pipeline such as a water main, and an impeller 12 installed in the casing 10. The casing 10 is provided in the middle of the pipeline to form a closed space for rotating the impeller 12.
The inflow pipe 14 communicates with the inside of the casing 10 on the upstream side (the side where water flows in) of the casing 10, and communicates with the inside of the casing 10 on the downstream side (the side where water flows out) of the casing 10. 16 are connected.

The tip of the inflow pipe 14 extends into the casing 10 and is formed as a discharge pipe 14a for injecting water into the impeller 12.
As for the impulse turbine, the flow rate and flow velocity injected into the impeller differ depending on the conditions at the installation position of the impulse turbine device. Therefore, the impulse turbine should be operated most efficiently according to the flow rate and flow velocity at the installation position. In addition, the impeller 12 (size, number of blades, blade shape, etc.) and the discharge pipe 14a (nozzle) are designed. With regard to impulse turbines, various analyzes have been conducted on the design of impulse turbines that can operate most efficiently based on the flow rate, flow velocity, etc., and impellers can be designed based on these analysis results.

The reason why the casing 10 that constitutes the closed space is installed in the middle of the pipeline is to form a space filled with gas in the flow path filled with the liquid and rotate the impulse turbine in this space. To make it. It is conceivable to rotate the impulse turbine in liquid (underwater), but the energy conversion efficiency of the impulse turbine is significantly different, about 30% when operating in water and about 90% when operating in air, so it is in the air. Efficient operation can be made possible by driving with.

When operating an impulse turbine using the head of the water supply, there are problems such as contamination of germs and dissipation of chlorine when the clean water is exposed to the outside world, and when transporting the clean water, fluid is used. It must be transported without being exposed to the outside world. If the closed space is formed by the casing 10, the clean water is not exposed to the outside world, and problems such as contamination of various germs and dissipation of chlorine can be avoided.

In order for the impeller 12 to rotate in the air inside the casing 10, the inside of the casing 10 must be prevented from being filled with water. In order for the impeller 12 to rotate completely in the air, as shown in FIG. 1, it is necessary to separate the water (water surface) remaining at the bottom of the casing 10 from the impeller 12 (blade portion). ..
Therefore, first, the outflow pipe 16 is connected to the bottom of the casing 10 so that the water level in the casing 10 is as low as possible. Further, since water constantly flows in from the inflow pipe 14, it is conceivable to design the outflow pipe 16 to have a large diameter so that the outflow of water from the casing 10 is not obstructed.

In the impulse turbine device of the present embodiment, in addition to the piping structure, as a method of positively keeping the water level in the casing 10 low, the casing is arranged so as to bypass the casing 10 between the inflow pipe 14 and the outflow pipe 16. A configuration is adopted in which a negative pressure generating means for forcibly (actively) discharging the water staying in the 10 to the outflow pipe 16 is provided. That is, an ejector as a negative pressure generating means is provided between the inflow pipe 14, the outflow pipe 16, and the casing 10 via the first auxiliary flow path 22a, the second auxiliary flow path 22b, and the third auxiliary flow path 22c. 20 was installed. As the negative pressure generating means, an ejector pump can be used instead of the ejector.
The first auxiliary flow path 22a is a flow path connecting the inflow pipe 14 and the ejector 20, the second auxiliary flow path 22b is a flow path connecting the ejector 20 and the outflow pipe 16, and the third auxiliary flow path 22c is. , A flow path connecting the casing 10 and the ejector 20.
Further, a first flow rate adjusting valve 24a and a second flow rate adjusting valve 24b are installed in the inflow pipe 14 and the first auxiliary flow path 22a, respectively.

The action of using the ejector 20 to discharge the accumulated water in the casing 10 toward the outflow pipe 16 is to allow clean water to flow into the ejector 20 at high speed from the first auxiliary flow path 22a and utilize the negative pressure action. Due to the action of discharging accumulated water. This negative pressure action depends on the flow velocity and flow rate of the water flowing into the ejector 20.
Therefore, the casing 10 is adjusted by adjusting the second flow rate adjusting valve 24b to adjust the strength of the drainage action of the ejector 20, and also adjusting the amount of water flowing into the casing 10 by the first flow rate adjusting valve 24a. The amount of water that stays inside can be adjusted.

The water discharged from the flow path composed of the first auxiliary flow path 22a, the second auxiliary flow path 22b, the third auxiliary flow path 22c, and the ejector 20 to the outflow pipe 16 is from the inflow pipe 14. The water is partially shunted, and the shunted water does not directly contribute to the action of rotating the impeller 12. However, this diversion water indirectly improves the operating efficiency of the impeller 12 through the action of adjusting the amount of accumulated water in the casing 10.
All the diversion water flows down to the outflow pipe 16 through the auxiliary flow path, and the entire device including the auxiliary flow path and the casing 10 is maintained in a closed space shielded from the outside world. Therefore, the above-mentioned condition that water is not exposed to the outside world is satisfied even by providing an auxiliary flow path that causes a negative pressure action.

When operating an impulse turbine using the head of the water supply, the flow rate and flow velocity of the water supply at the place where the impulse turbine device is installed vary depending on the geographical conditions where the water supply is laid. In the impulse turbine device of the present embodiment, the amount of water staying in the casing 10 can be adjusted by adjusting the first flow rate adjusting valve 24a and the second flow rate adjusting valve 24b, and the amount of water staying in the casing 10 can be adjusted. The impulse turbine can be operated efficiently by adjusting the amount of water retained in the casing 10 so that the impeller 12 and the accumulated water do not come into contact with each other. The configuration in which the drainage action can be positively adjusted by using the ejector 20 is effective in improving the operating efficiency of the impulse turbine.

Further, the method of adjusting the amount of accumulated water in the casing 20 using the ejector 20 uses only the pressure energy of water as a drive source, and has an advantage that no other equipment such as a compressor or a vacuum device is required. is there.
That is, in the impulse turbine device of the present embodiment, the impeller 12 rotates efficiently in the casing 10 by adjusting the water level of the accumulated water in the casing 10 also for the action of rotating the impeller 12 in the casing 10. The action of adjusting the casing is also driven by using the energy of running water from the water supply, and the configuration is such that it is driven completely without a power source.

Further, since the casing 10, the impeller 12, the ejector 20, and the like have an extremely simple configuration, they can be provided as an inexpensive and robust impulse turbine device.
Further, the impulse turbine device can be configured as a small device, and even when it is installed in one pipeline, it is possible to install and use a plurality of impulse turbine devices at necessary intervals.

In the above embodiment, the impulse turbine device has been described as an example of operating the impulse turbine by utilizing the head of the water supply, but the impulse turbine device according to the present invention is installed in a pipeline that transports a liquid in a form cut off from the outside world. It can be installed not only for waterworks but also for pipelines that transport fluids that have a problem of leakage to the outside world.

10 Casing 12 Impeller 14 Inflow pipe 14a Discharge pipe 16 Outflow pipe 20 Ejector 22a First auxiliary flow path 22b Second auxiliary flow path 22c Third auxiliary flow path 24a First flow rate adjustment valve 24b Second flow rate adjustment valve

Claims (6)

An impulse turbine device in which a casing constituting a closed space is provided in the middle of a pipeline for transporting a liquid, and an impeller that is rotated by a discharge flow of the liquid is provided in the casing.
An inflow pipe is connected to the upstream side of the casing and an outflow pipe is connected to the downstream side.
A negative pressure generating means for forcibly discharging the liquid staying in the casing to the outflow pipe is provided between the inflow pipe and the outflow pipe in an arrangement that bypasses the casing.
As a flow path connecting the negative pressure generating means, the inflow pipe, the outflow pipe, and the casing, respectively.
A first auxiliary flow path that connects the inflow pipe and the negative pressure generating means and allows the liquid shunted from the inflow pipe to flow into the negative pressure generating means.
A second auxiliary flow path that connects the negative pressure generating means and the outflow pipe and allows the liquid discharged from the negative pressure generating means to flow down to the outflow pipe.
A third auxiliary flow path that connects the casing and the negative pressure generating means and discharges the liquid staying in the casing to the negative pressure generating means.
An impulse turbine device characterized by being provided with . A first flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate flowing into the casing is provided in the inflow pipe on the downstream side of each branch position of the inflow pipe and the first auxiliary flow path, and the first auxiliary flow rate is provided. The impulse turbine device according to claim 1 , wherein a second flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate flowing into the negative pressure generating means is provided in the flow path . The impulse turbine device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a discharge pipe that communicates with the inflow pipe, extends into the casing, and discharges the liquid toward the impeller is provided. The impulse turbine apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the negative pressure generating means is an ejector or an ejector pump. The impulse turbine device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a power generation device is provided connected to the impeller. The impulse turbine apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pipeline is a pipeline for transporting clean water.

Images