JP6786809B2 - Blocks and concrete structures - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a block used for a concrete structure such as footing of a pier foundation and a concrete structure using the block.

Conventionally, in a large concrete structure such as a footing of a pier foundation, reinforcing bars are often placed at the site and concrete is cast. When placing such a huge concrete structure, it may take a long time to manufacture depending on the weather.

Therefore, it is being considered to use the precast method for large concrete structures. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). In the precast block described in this document, intermediate reinforcing bars are arranged at required intervals on reinforcing reinforcing bars arranged along the outer circumference of the outer shell frame. Then, the reinforcing bars and the intermediate reinforcing bars are integrally formed with the precast concrete so as to form a space in which the cast-in-place concrete can be placed in the area surrounded by the reinforcing bars and the intermediate reinforcing bars. Further, this document describes that the precast block is divided into a plurality of shapes.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-131988

When the precast blocks described in the above document are used, the blocks are aligned and laminated. Here, when the precast blocks are aligned and laminated, joints (joints between the blocks) are formed in the concrete structure. If these joints are aligned, external force tends to concentrate, cracks and the like may occur from here, and strength may become a problem.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a block for efficiently constructing a strong concrete structure and a concrete structure using the block.

The block that solves the above problems is a pillar-shaped block having a polygonal base-shaped bottom surface that can be tessellated, and is a precast concrete block that constitutes a laminated body of reinforced concrete, and is a central penetration that penetrates from the upper surface to the lower surface. First and second notches having a hole and dividing the shape of the through hole that can be matched with the central through hole are provided on opposite symmetrical sides in the base shape, and the central through hole is the first. The first through hole formed by including the notch 1 and the second through hole formed by including the second notch are arranged at equal intervals on a straight line, and the symmetrical sides are arranged at equal intervals. , The two sides are opposed to each other in parallel, and the straight line extends in a direction different from the side direction forming the base shape . As a result, when manufacturing a concrete structure, the blocks are arranged so as to be tessellated, and the first through hole formed by including the first notch of the lower layer block and the second notch of the lower layer block are formed. The pile of the laminated body and the pile head reinforcing member can be passed through the tubular space formed by matching the second through hole formed by the above and the central through hole of the upper block. Therefore, since the joints formed by the lower block and the joints formed by the upper block can be arranged in a staggered manner, a strong concrete structure can be efficiently constructed with precast concrete.

In the block, the base shape is preferably square. As a result, the block can be easily tessellated.
In the block, the base shape is preferably hexagonal. As a result, the block can be easily tessellated.

In the block, the symmetric side is preferably a side having a position of line symmetry with respect to a line orthogonal to two parallel sides. As a result, the first through hole and the first and second notches forming the second through hole that can be matched with the central through hole can be efficiently formed in the base shape.

In the block, the symmetrical sides are two sides facing each other in parallel, and it is preferable that the straight line extends in a direction different from the side direction forming the base shape. As a result, the first through hole and the first and second notches forming the second through hole that can be matched with the central through hole can be efficiently formed in the base shape.

The concrete structure for solving the above problems is a pillar shape having a polygonal base-shaped bottom surface that can be filled in a plane, and is a concrete structure formed by laminating precast concrete blocks constituting a reinforced concrete laminate. The first block is a first structure in which a central through hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface and a through hole provided on symmetrical sides facing each other in the base shape and matching the shape of the central through hole are divided. , A second through hole having a second notch, and the central through hole including the first notch and the second notch. The first through hole , which is arranged at equal intervals on a straight line with the two through holes and is configured to include the first notch of the lower layer block, or includes the second notch of the lower layer block. The pile and the pile head reinforcing member of the laminated body are passed through the tubular space formed by at least aligning the second through hole to be formed and the central through hole of the upper layer block, and the joint formed by the lower layer block is formed. The upper and lower layer blocks are arranged at positions that deviate from the joints formed by the upper layer blocks. As a result, it is possible to construct a concrete structure in which precast concrete blocks are laminated while shifting the joints of the blocks. Then, a strong concrete structure can be efficiently constructed.

According to the present invention, a strong concrete structure can be efficiently constructed.

It is explanatory drawing of the block in 1st Embodiment, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a plan view. It is explanatory drawing of the state in which blocks are laminated in 1st Embodiment, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a perspective view. It is explanatory drawing of a block in 2nd Embodiment, (a) is a plan view of a block, (b) is a plan view of a state in which blocks are stacked. It is explanatory drawing of a block in 3rd Embodiment, (a) is a plan view of a block, (b) is a plan view of a state in which blocks are stacked. It is explanatory drawing of a block in 4th Embodiment, (a) is a plan view of a block, (b) is a perspective view of a state in which blocks are laminated. It is explanatory drawing of a block in 5th Embodiment, (a) is a plan view of a block, (b) is a plan view of a state in which blocks are stacked. It is explanatory drawing of a block in 6th Embodiment, (a) is a plan view of a block, (b) is a plan view of a state in which blocks are stacked. It is explanatory drawing of a block in 7th Embodiment, (a) is a plan view of a block, (b) is a plan view of a state in which blocks are stacked. It is explanatory drawing of the block in the modified example, (a) is the elevation view of the block which reduced the diameter of the through hole, (b) is the elevation view of the block which formed the through hole diagonally, (c) is the elevation view of the through hole. Cross-sectional view when laminated using blocks with reduced diameter. It is an explanatory view of a block in a modified example, (a) is a plan view of a block in which a central through hole and a through hole formed by the first and second notches are different, and (b) is a stack of blocks. Top view of the state. An explanatory view of the block in the modified example, (a) is a plan view of a block in which the central through hole is reduced, (b) is a plan view of a block in which the shape of the central through hole of the block is changed, and (c) is a square. Top view of a block with a central through hole and notch in shape.

(First Embodiment)
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the block and the concrete structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. Here, it is assumed that the footing of the pier is manufactured as a concrete structure.

1 (a) and 1 (b) show a perspective view and a plan view of the block 10 of the present embodiment, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the block 10 is precast concrete and has, for example, a pillar-shaped main body portion 11 having a height of about 0.5 m. The bottom surface of the main body 11 has a square base shape. Here, the base shape means the basic shape of the main body 11 on the upper surface of the block 10 excluding the central through hole and the notch described later. The base shape of this embodiment is a square shape (planar filling shape) having a side of about 3.6 m.

A central through hole 12 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 11. The central axis of the central through hole 12 coincides with the central axis of the block 10. The central through hole 12 of the present embodiment has a tubular shape having a circular horizontal cross section. In the present embodiment, the diameter of the tubular shape of the central through hole 12 is about 1.8 m (radius: about 0.9 m).

As shown in FIG. 1B, notches 15 and 16 are formed on a pair of opposite sides (opposing sides) in the base shape of the main body 11. In the present embodiment, the notches 15 and 16 have a semi-cylindrical shape having a central axis on opposite sides of the base shape. Further, the central axes of the notches 15 and 16 are arranged at equal intervals (length L11 = length L12) perpendicular to the straight line L1 on the horizontal plane passing through the central point of the central through hole 12. Further, each of the notches 15 and 16 has a shape obtained by dividing the central through hole 12 into two equal parts, and the radius of the semicircular shape of the horizontal cross section of each of the notches 15 and 16 is about 0, which is the same as the radius of the central through hole 12. It is 9m.

Locking holes (not shown) are discretely formed on the outer periphery of the central through hole 12. Specifically, the locking hole is located at the midpoint between the central through hole 12 and the notches 15 and 16 on the straight line L1. Each locking hole also penetrates from the upper surface to the lower surface of the main body 11.

Next, with reference to FIG. 2, a method for manufacturing footing using the block 10 configured as described above will be described.
2 (a) and 2 (b) are a plan view and a perspective view of a state in which a plurality of blocks 10 are stacked.

As shown in FIG. 2A, a plurality of blocks 10 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area (first layer). Specifically, the blocks 10 are arranged in a plane (x direction, y direction) with the base shapes in contact with each other. In this case, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in the region surrounded by the notches 15 and 16 of the two blocks 10 adjacent to each other in the y direction. In the present embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a cylindrical shape having the same size as the central through hole 12 of the block 10. Further, the central axis of the synthetic through hole is arranged on the straight line L1 at equal intervals with the central through hole 12. Further, when the blocks 10 are laminated, a reinforcing bar (not shown) is passed through the locking hole to align the upper and lower blocks 10.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the second layer of the block 10 is laminated in the vertical direction (z direction) orthogonal to the x direction and the y direction. In this case, the blocks 10 are arranged so as to be horizontally displaced from the adjacent blocks 10 of the lower layer (first layer). Specifically, the block 10 is shifted in the y direction by half the length, and the central through hole 12 and the notches 15 and 16 are shifted in the x direction by the distance in the x direction. As a result, the positions of the central through hole 12 of the lower block 10 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 12 of the upper block 10 are aligned. In this case, the locking holes of the adjacent upper and lower layers are also aligned.

In this way, the blocks 10 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 12 of the block 10 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body.

Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are passed through the cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete as the fixing member is placed. This makes it possible to construct a reinforced concrete laminated body (footing) in which a plurality of blocks 10 are laminated.

According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) In the present embodiment, the positions of the central through hole 12 of the lower block 10 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 12 of the upper block 10 are aligned. It can be used to construct a strong concrete structure in consideration of the joints of the upper and lower layers.

(2) The block 10 of the present embodiment has a central through hole 12 having a circular cross section and semicircular notches 15 and 16 having a size of the central through hole 12 on the opposite side of the base shape in the main body 11. To be equipped. Thereby, by tessellating the block 10, a synthetic through hole having the same size and shape as the central through hole 12 can be formed in the region surrounded by the notches 15 and 16. Therefore, the composite through hole in the lower layer of the block 10 and the central through hole 12 in the upper layer can efficiently form a tubular space for placing concrete.

(3) In the block 10 of the present embodiment, the notches 15 and 16 are formed on a pair of opposite sides of the main body portion 11 having a base shape, respectively. As a result, the notches 15 and 16 can be aligned even when the block 10 is turned upside down.

(4) In the block 10 of the present embodiment, a locking hole located at the midpoint between the central through hole 12 and the notches 15 and 16 is provided on the straight line L1. Therefore, when the central through hole 12 of the upper and lower layers of the block 10 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are matched, the positions of the locking holes of the upper and lower layers are matched. As a result, the blocks 10 can be efficiently laminated while the reinforcing bars are inserted into the locking holes and guided by the locking holes.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the positions of the central through hole 12 and the notches 15 and 16 in the block 10 of the first embodiment are shifted, and the shapes of the notches 15 and 16 are changed. In the following embodiments, the same parts as those in the above embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the block 20 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 21 like the block 10 of the above embodiment. The bottom surface of the main body 21 has a square base shape.

Inside the upper surface of the main body 21, a central through hole 22 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed. Further, the central through hole 22 of the present embodiment also has a tubular shape having a circular horizontal cross section. In the present embodiment, the central through hole 22 is formed so that its central axis is displaced from the central axis Bc of the block 20.

Notches 25 and 26 having different shapes are formed on the pair of opposite sides of the main body 21. In the present embodiment, the notches 25 and 26 are arcs (excellent arc and inferior arc) obtained by dividing the horizontal cross-sectional shape (circle) of the central through hole 22 by a chord, respectively. Therefore, by matching the notches 25 and 26, a hole having the same size as the central through hole 22 can be formed. Then, each central axis of the original circle of each bow shape is orthogonal to the straight line L2 on the horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the central through hole 22, and is equidistant from the central axis of the central through hole 22 (length L21 = length). It is arranged in L22). In this case, the straight line L2 is set so as not to be parallel to each side of the block 20. Further, the length [L21 + L22] is set to be the same as the length at which the straight line L2 is separated by the base shape. Also in the block 20 of this embodiment, a plurality of locking holes (not shown) are formed as in the above embodiment. In the present embodiment, each locking hole is formed on a parallel line of a straight line L2 in a horizontal plane with a period of length L21 (= length L22).

When the footing is manufactured using the block 20 of the present embodiment, it is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), a plurality of blocks 20 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by abutting the base shapes (first layer). In this case, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in the region surrounded by the notches 25 and 26 of the plurality of (two) blocks 20 adjacent to each other in the y direction. In this embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a circular cross-sectional shape having the same size as the central through hole 22 of the block 20.

Then, the blocks 20 of the second layer are laminated by shifting the blocks 20 of the adjacent lower layer (first layer) in the horizontal direction (x direction and y direction). In this case, the positions of the central through hole 22 of the lower block 20 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 22 of the upper block 20 are aligned. ..

In this way, the blocks 20 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 22 of the block 20 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body.

Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are penetrated into this cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete is placed. As a result, it is possible to form a laminated body (footing) of reinforced concrete in which a plurality of blocks 20 are laminated.

According to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained in addition to the same effects as the above (1), (2), and (4).
(5) In the block 20 of the present embodiment, each center point of the original circular cross section of the bow shape of the notches 25 and 26 is on a straight line L2 passing through the central axis of the central through hole 22, and is the center of the central through hole 22. They are arranged at equal intervals (length L21 = length L22) from the shaft. As a result, the positions of the upper block 20 and the lower block 20 can be shifted on the parallel line of the straight line L2. Since the straight line L2 is not parallel to each side of the block 20, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of joints penetrating the upper and lower layers.

(Third Embodiment)
Next, the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is a configuration in which the base shape of the block 20 in the second embodiment is changed to another tessellation shape (hexagonal shape).

As shown in FIG. 4A, the block 30 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 31 like the block 10 of the above embodiment. The bottom surface of the main body 31 has a hexagonal base shape.

Inside the upper surface of the main body 31, a central through hole 32 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed. The central through hole 32 of the present embodiment is formed so that its central axis is displaced from the central axis Bc of the block 30. The central through hole 32 of the present embodiment also has a tubular shape having a circular horizontal cross section. In the present embodiment, the central axis of the central through hole 32 is arranged on a straight line L3 orthogonal to a pair of opposite sides facing each other in the base shape of the main body 31.

Further, notches 35 and 36 having different shapes are formed on the pair of opposite sides of the base shape of the main body 21 that are orthogonal to the straight line L3. In the present embodiment, the notches 35 and 36 are arcs (excellent arc and inferior arc) obtained by dividing the horizontal cross-sectional shape (circle) of the central through hole 32 by a chord, respectively. Therefore, by matching the notches 35 and 36, a hole having the same size as the central through hole 32 can be formed. Then, each central axis of the original circle of each bow shape is orthogonal to the straight line L3 on the horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the central through hole 32, and is equidistant from the central axis of the central through hole 32 (length L31 = length). It is arranged at L32). In this case, the straight line L3 is set so as not to be parallel to each side of the block 30. Further, the length [L31 + L32] is set to be the same as the length at which the straight line L3 is separated by the base shape. Also in the block 30 of the present embodiment, a plurality of locking holes (not shown) are formed as in the above embodiment. In the present embodiment, each locking hole is formed on a parallel line of a straight line L3 in a horizontal plane with a period of length L31 (= length L32).

When the footing is manufactured using the block 30 of the present embodiment, it is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4B, the plurality of blocks 30 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by abutting the base shapes (first layer). In this case, the notches 35 and 36 of the two adjacent blocks 30 are arranged so as to be connected to each other. As a result, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in the region surrounded by the notches 35 and 36. In this embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a circular cross-sectional shape having the same size as the central through hole 32 of the block 30.

Then, the second layer block 30 is laminated on the lower layer (first layer) block 30 by shifting it from the center of the hexagonal shape in the apex angle direction. In this case, the positions of the central through hole 32 of the lower block 30 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 32 of the upper block 30 are aligned. ..

In this way, the blocks 30 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 32 of the block 30 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body.

Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are penetrated into this cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete is placed. As a result, it is possible to form a laminated body (footing) of reinforced concrete in which a plurality of blocks 30 are laminated.

According to this embodiment, in addition to the same effects as in (2) to (5) above, the following effects can be obtained.
(6) In the present embodiment, a strong concrete structure can be constructed by using the central through hole 32 of the tessellated lower block 30 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer in consideration of the joints of the upper and lower layers. it can.
(7) The block 30 of the present embodiment uses a hexagonal shape as the base shape. As a result, the honeycomb structure is used for tessellation, so that a strong laminated body can be constructed.

(Fourth Embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the base shape of the block 10 in the first embodiment is changed to another tessellation shape (hexagonal shape), and notches are provided on all opposite sides.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the block 40 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 41 like the block 10 of the above embodiment. The bottom surface of the main body 41 has a hexagonal base shape.

A central through hole 42 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 41. The central axis of the central through hole 42 coincides with the central axis of the block 40. The central through hole 42 of the present embodiment has a tubular shape having a circular horizontal cross section.

Notches 45 and 46 are formed on each of the three pairs of opposing sides (each side) of the base shape of the main body 41. In the present embodiment, each of the notches 45 and 46 has a semicircular shape having a central axis on opposite sides of the base shape. The central axis of each notch 45, 46 passes through the midpoint of each opposite side in the horizontal plane. Therefore, the notches 45 and 46 are arranged at the same intervals from the central axis of the base shape on the straight lines L41, L42 and L43 on the horizontal plane orthogonal to the central axis of the central through hole 42. In the present embodiment, each notch 45, 46 has a shape obtained by dividing the central through hole 42 into two equal parts, and the semicircular radius of each notch 45, 46 is the same as the radius of the central through hole 42. Similar to the above embodiment, the block 40 of the present embodiment is formed with a plurality of locking holes (not shown). The central axis of each locking hole is a vertical axis passing through the midpoint between the central through hole 42 and the notches 45 and 46.

When the footing is manufactured using the block 40 of the present embodiment, it is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5B, a plurality of blocks 40 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by abutting the base shapes (first layer). In this case, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in the region surrounded by the notches 45 and 46 of the plurality of blocks 40 adjacent to each other in the x direction and the y direction. In the present embodiment, this synthetic through hole has a circular cross-sectional shape having the same size as the central through hole 42 of the block 40.

Then, the second layer block 40 is laminated on the lower layer (first layer) block 40 by shifting it from the center of the hexagonal shape in the apex angle direction. In this case, the positions of the central through hole 42 of the lower block 40 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 42 of the upper block 40 are aligned, and the synthesis of the lower layer is performed. Arrange so that the positions of the through holes and the synthetic through holes in the upper layer are aligned.

In this way, the blocks 40 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 42 of the block 40 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body.

Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are penetrated into this cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete is placed. As a result, it is possible to form a laminated body (footing) of reinforced concrete in which a plurality of blocks 40 are laminated.

According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained in addition to the same effects as the above (1) to (4) and (7).
(8) In the block 40 of the present embodiment, notches 45 and 46 are formed on each of three pairs of opposing sides (each side) of the base shape of the main body 41 of the block 40 having a hexagonal base shape. Has been done. As a result, synthetic through holes can be generated on each side by the notches 45 and 46.

(Fifth Embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment is a configuration in which the position where the notch of the block 30 is provided in the third embodiment is changed.

As shown in FIG. 6A, the block 50 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 51 like the block 10 of the above embodiment. The bottom surface of the main body 51 has a hexagonal base shape.

A central through hole 52 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 51. The central axis of the central through hole 52 is located on the line symmetric line Ls of the base shape of the block 50. The line symmetry line Ls is a line that is orthogonal to two parallel opposite sides of the block 50 and has a line symmetry in the base shape of the block 50. In the present embodiment, the central axis of the central through hole 52 is arranged at the midpoint between the axis whose sides are orthogonal to the line symmetry line Ls on the horizontal plane and the central axis Bc of the block 50. The central through hole 52 has a tubular shape with a circular horizontal cross section.

Semi-cylindrical notches 55 and 56 formed by dividing the central through hole 52 into two equal parts are formed on a pair of sides (line-symmetric sides) that are line-symmetric in the line-symmetry line Ls of the base shape of the main body 51. There is. The radius of the semi-cylindrical shape of the notches 55 and 56 of the present embodiment is the same as the radius of the central through hole 52. In the present embodiment, the semi-cylindrical central axis of each notch 55, 56 is located on the straight line L5 on the horizontal plane orthogonal to the line symmetry line Ls and on the line symmetry side of the block 50, and is a central through hole. They are arranged at equal intervals (length L51 = length L52) from the central axis of 52.

As shown in FIG. 6B, when manufacturing footing using the block 50 of the present embodiment, first, a plurality of blocks 50 are brought into contact with each other in a base shape to form a flat surface having a predetermined width. Place while filling (first layer). In this case, the directions of the blocks 50 in the adjacent rows are rotated 180 degrees, and the notches 55 and 56 of the blocks 50 are arranged so as to be aligned. As a result, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in the region surrounded by these notches 55 and 56. In the present embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a circular cross-sectional shape having the same size as the central through hole 52 of the block 50.

Then, the second layer block 50 is laminated on the lower layer (first layer) block 50 by shifting it from the center of the hexagonal shape in the apex angle direction. In this case, the positions of the central through hole 52 of the lower block 50 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 52 of the upper block 50 are aligned. ..

In this way, the blocks 50 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 52 of the block 50 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body.

Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are penetrated into this cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete is placed. As a result, it is possible to form a laminated body (footing) of reinforced concrete in which a plurality of blocks 50 are laminated.

According to this embodiment, in addition to the same effects as (1), (2), and (7) above, the following effects can be obtained.
(9) In the block 50 of the present embodiment, the notches 55 and 56 are formed on a pair of sides that are line-symmetrical with the main body portion 51 of the base shape, respectively. As a result, the notches 55 and 56 can be aligned to form a synthetic through hole.

(Sixth Embodiment)
Next, the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 7. This embodiment has a configuration in which each side of the base shape of the block 10 in the first embodiment is changed to a shape other than a straight line (corrugated shape).

As shown in FIG. 7A, the block 60 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 61 like the block 10 of the above embodiment. The bottom surface of the main body 61 has a base shape in which each side of the square shape is deformed. In the present embodiment, the base shape has a shape (corrugated shape) in which the irregularities of the left side and the right side and the upper side and the lower side of the opposite sides in FIG. 7A match.

A central through hole 62 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 61. The central through hole 62 of the present embodiment has a central axis that coincides with the central axis of the block 60, and has a tubular shape with a circular horizontal cross section. Notches 65 and 66 having a substantially semicircular shape are formed on the pair of opposite sides of the base shape of the main body 61. The central axes of the notches 65 and 66 are arranged at equal intervals (length L61 = length L62) on a straight line L6 on a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the central through hole 62. Each of the notches 65 and 66 divides the central through hole 62 into two, and the chord portion has a wavy shape. The radius of the substantially semicircular shape of the notches 65 and 66 of the present embodiment is the same as the radius of the central through hole 62.

When the footing is manufactured using the block 60 of the present embodiment, it is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), a plurality of blocks 60 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by abutting the base shapes (first layer). In this case, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in a region surrounded by the notches 65 and 66 of the plurality of (two) blocks 60 adjacent to each other in the x direction and the y direction. In this embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a circular cross-sectional shape having the same size as the central through hole 62 of the block 60.

Then, the block 60 of the second layer is laminated on the block 60 of the lower layer (first layer) by shifting the block 60 from the center of the base shape in the apex angle direction. In this case, the positions of the central through hole 62 of the lower block 60 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 62 of the upper block 60 are aligned.

In this way, the blocks 60 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 62 of the block 60 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body. Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are penetrated into this cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete is placed. As a result, it is possible to form a laminated body (footing) of reinforced concrete in which a plurality of blocks 60 are laminated.

According to the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as the above (1) to (3), the following effects can be obtained.
(10) The block 60 of the present embodiment has a base shape in which each side of a square shape is deformed into a wavy shape. Therefore, the unevenness of each side of the base shape can be fitted to suppress the deviation of the block 60.

(7th Embodiment)
Next, the seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. This embodiment has a configuration in which each side of the base shape of the block 10 in the first embodiment is changed to a shape other than a straight line (a shape in which unevenness is partially provided).

As shown in FIG. 8A, the block 70 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 71 like the block 10 of the above embodiment. The bottom surface of the main body 71 has a base shape in which each side of the square shape is deformed. In the present embodiment, each side of the base shape has a shape in which the unevenness of the left side and the right side and the unevenness of the upper side and the lower side are aligned with each other. Specifically, convex portions 77a and 77b are formed at the centers of the left side and the upper side of the base shape of the block 70, respectively. Further, in the center of the right side of the base shape of the block 70, a concave portion 78a is formed at a position facing the convex portion 77a. Further, a concave portion 78b facing the convex portion 77b is formed at the position of the apex of the lower side of the base shape of the block 70.

A central through hole 72 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 71. The central through hole 72 of the present embodiment has a tubular shape with a circular horizontal cross section. Semicircular notches 75 and 76, which are obtained by dividing the central through hole 72 into two equal parts, are formed on the corresponding pair of sides (opposing sides) of the base shape of the main body 71. The central axes of the notches 75 and 76 are arranged at equal intervals (length L71 = length L72) on a straight line L7 on a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the central through hole 72. Each notch 75,76 divides the central through hole 72 into two, and the radius of the substantially semicircular shape of these notches 75,76 is the same as the radius of the central through hole 72.

When the footing is manufactured using the block 70 of the present embodiment, it is performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8B, a plurality of blocks 70 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by abutting the base shapes (first layer). In this case, the concave portion 78a of the block 70 is fitted with the convex portion 77a of the adjacent block 70, and the concave portion 78b of the block 70 is fitted with the convex portion 77b of the adjacent block 70. Then, through holes (synthetic through holes) are formed in the regions surrounded by the notches 75 and 76 of the plurality of (two) blocks 70 adjacent to each other in the x direction and the y direction. In the present embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a circular cross-sectional shape having the same size as the central through hole 72 of the block 70.

Then, the second layer block 70 is laminated on the lower layer (first layer) block 70 by shifting the block 70 from the center of the base shape in the apex angle direction. In this case, the positions of the central through hole 72 of the lower block 70 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 72 of the upper block 70 are aligned.

In this way, the blocks 70 are laminated to a predetermined height. In this case, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 72 of the block 70 are vertically aligned to form a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body. Then, after the pile and the pile head reinforcing member are penetrated into this cylinder space, the reinforcing bars are arranged vertically and the fiber concrete is placed. As a result, it is possible to form a laminated body (footing) of reinforced concrete in which a plurality of blocks 70 are laminated.

According to the present embodiment, in addition to the same effects as the above (1) to (3), the following effects can be obtained.
(11) In the block 70 of the present embodiment, convex portions 77a and 77b are formed on the upper side and the left side of the base shape, and the sides (lower side and right side) facing the side on which the convex portions 77a and 77b are provided are formed. Recesses 78a and 78b that fit into the protrusions 77a and 77b are formed. As a result, when the blocks 70 are tessellated and arranged, the convex portions 77a and 77b of the blocks adjacent to the recesses 78a and 78b can be fitted to suppress the displacement of the blocks 70.

In addition, each of the above embodiments may be changed as follows.
In the fifth embodiment, the blocks 50 are tessellated by rotating the directions of the blocks 50 in the adjacent row by 180 degrees. Instead of this, the upper surface and the lower surface of the block 50 may be inverted and tessellated, and the synthetic through holes may be formed by the notches 55 and 56.

The central through holes (12 to 72) of the blocks (10 to 70) of each of the above embodiments are formed to have the same size from the upper surface to the lower surface of the blocks (10 to 70). The horizontal cross-sectional shape of the through holes (12 to 72) does not have to be the same size from the upper surface to the lower surface. For example, as in the block 10a shown in FIG. 9A, the central through hole 12a may have a shape in which the diameter is reduced from the upper surface to the lower surface. Further, as in the block 10b shown in FIG. 9B, the central through hole 12b may have a shape that obliquely penetrates from the upper surface (one installation surface) to the lower surface (opposite other installation surface). .. Here, as shown in FIG. 9C, when the blocks 10a having the central through hole 12a are laminated, the tubular space formed by the synthetic through hole formed by the notch 15 and the central through hole 12a. Has an uneven shape. As a result, when concrete is cast in this space, it can be firmly fixed due to the uneven shape.

-The blocks (10 to 70) of each of the above embodiments have the same shape as the synthetic through holes formed by the notches (15 to 75, 16 to 76) and the through holes (12 to 62). The shapes of the notches and through holes formed in the block are not limited to the same shape. For example, the block 80 as shown in FIG. 10A may be used. Similar to the block 10 of the above embodiment, the block 80 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 81. The bottom surface of the main body 81 has a square base shape. A central through hole 82 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 81. The central through hole 82 of the present embodiment has a tubular shape having a circular horizontal cross section. Rectangular notches 85 and 86 are formed on a pair of opposite sides in the base shape of the main body 81. Each of the notches 85 and 86 of the present embodiment has the same shape and size, has the same size as the area of the central through hole 82 and is formed by dividing the square into two equal parts and having the same shape. The central axes of the notches 85 and 86 are arranged at equal intervals (length L81 = length L82) on a straight line on a horizontal plane passing through the central axis of the central through hole 82.

As shown in FIG. 10B, the block 80 is arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by abutting the base shape (first layer). In this case, through holes (synthetic through holes) are formed in the region surrounded by the notches 85 and 86 of the plurality of (two) blocks 80 adjacent to each other in the x direction and the y direction. In the present embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a square cross-sectional shape having substantially the same area as the central through hole 82 of the block 80. Then, the positions of the central through hole 82 of the lower block 80 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 82 of the upper block 80 are aligned so as to be adjacent to each other. The second block 80 is laminated by shifting the block 80 of the lower layer (first layer). When the blocks 80 are laminated to a predetermined height, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 82 of the block 80 are vertically aligned, and a tubular space penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body is created. It is formed. Due to the uneven shape formed in this tubular space, it can be firmly fixed.

In the first embodiment, the notch 15 of the block 10 has a semicircular shape having the same radius as the radius of the central through hole 12. The size of the through hole formed in the center of the block is not limited to the same as the size of the synthetic through hole. For example, as shown in FIG. 11A, the central through hole 12c of the block 10c may be configured with a radius smaller than the semicircular radius of the notch 15.

-The blocks (10 to 70) of each of the above embodiments are provided with central through holes (12 to 72) having a circular cross-sectional shape. The cross-sectional shape of the central through hole (12 to 72) is not limited to the circular shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 11B, the block 10d may have a central through hole 12d having a square horizontal cross section. Further, the block 90 shown in FIG. 11C may be used. Similar to the block 10 of the above embodiment, the block 90 is precast concrete and has a pillar-shaped main body 91. The bottom surface of the main body 91 has a square base shape. A central through hole 92 penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface is formed in the center of the upper surface of the main body 91. The central through hole 92 of the present embodiment has a square horizontal cross section. The central through hole 92 has a tubular shape having a square horizontal cross section similar to the square shape of the base shape. Further, the central through hole 92 has the same size from the upper surface to the lower surface of the block 90. In the base shape of the main body 91, rectangular notches 95 and 96 are formed on the pair of opposite sides facing each other. Each notch 95, 96 has a shape obtained by dividing a square shape having the same area as the central through hole 92 into two. The center points of the notches 95 and 96 are arranged at equal intervals (length L91 = length L92) on a straight line L9 passing through the center point of the central through hole 92.

The blocks 90 are arranged while being tessellated in a predetermined area by bringing the base shapes into contact with each other. In this case, a through hole (synthetic through hole) is formed in a region surrounded by each notch 95 of a plurality of (two) blocks 90 adjacent to each other in the x direction and the y direction. In the present embodiment, the synthetic through hole has a square cross-sectional shape having substantially the same area as the central through hole 92 of the block 90. Then, the block 90 of the second layer is laminated on the block 90 of the lower layer (first layer) by shifting the block 90 from the center of the base shape in the apex angle direction. In this case, the positions of the central through hole 92 of the lower block 90 and the synthetic through hole of the upper layer are aligned, and the positions of the synthetic through hole of the lower layer and the central through hole 92 of the upper block 90 are aligned. When the blocks 90 are laminated to a predetermined height, the synthetic through hole and the central through hole 92 of the block 90 are vertically aligned and have a square shape penetrating from the upper surface of the uppermost layer to the lower surface of the lowermost layer of the laminated body. A tubular space with a horizontal cross section is formed.

-In each of the above embodiments, each block (10 to 70) is made of concrete in a tubular space in which the synthetic through hole formed by the notch (15 to 75) and the through hole (12 to 72) are aligned. Was placed. The members arranged in this partitioned space are not limited to cast-in-place concrete. Any fixing member that fixes each block may be used, and a device fixing material such as an anchor may be inserted.

-In each of the above embodiments, each block (10 to 70) is laminated to form a footing of a pier. The concrete structure to be laminated using these blocks is not limited to this, and may be, for example, a foundation or a base of a civil engineering building.

10,10a,10b,10c,10d,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 ... Blocks 11,21,21a, 31,41,51,61,71,81,91 ... Main body , 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82, 92 ... Central through hole, 15, 16, 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 46, 55, 56 , 65, 66, 75, 76, 85, 86, 95, 96 ... Notch, 77a, 77b ... Convex, 78a, 78b ... Concave.

Claims (5)

A column-shaped block having a polygonal base-shaped bottom surface that can be tessellated, and a block of precast concrete that constitutes a laminated body of reinforced concrete.
It has a central through hole that penetrates from the upper surface to the lower surface.
First and second notches that divide the shape of the through hole that can be matched with the central through hole are provided on opposite symmetrical sides in the base shape, respectively.
The central through hole is arranged at equal intervals on a straight line between the first through hole including the first notch and the second through hole including the second notch. Placed in
The symmetrical sides are two sides that face each other in parallel.
A block characterized in that the straight line extends in a direction different from the side direction forming the base shape . The block according to claim 1, wherein the base shape is square. The block according to claim 1, wherein the base shape is a hexagon. The block according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the symmetric side is a side having a position of line symmetry with respect to a line orthogonal to two parallel sides. It is a pillar shape having a polygonal base-shaped bottom surface that can be tessellated, and is a concrete structure formed by laminating precast concrete blocks constituting a laminated body of reinforced concrete.
The block is provided on a central through hole penetrating from the upper surface to the lower surface and on symmetrical sides facing each other in the base shape, and the first and second cuts are obtained by dividing the shape of the through hole that can be matched with the central through hole. Has a notch and
The central through hole is arranged at equal intervals on a straight line between the first through hole including the first notch and the second through hole including the second notch. Is located in
At least align the first through hole formed by including the first notch of the lower layer block or the second through hole formed by including the second notch of the lower layer block with the central through hole of the upper layer block. The piles and pile head reinforcing members of the laminated body are passed through the tubular space formed by the above-mentioned piles, and the upper and lower layer blocks are arranged at positions where the joints formed by the lower layer blocks and the joints formed by the upper layer blocks deviate from each other. A concrete structure characterized by being