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JP6790893B2 - Battery state estimation device and power supply device - Google Patents
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JP6790893B2 - Battery state estimation device and power supply device - Google Patents

Battery state estimation device and power supply device Download PDF

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JP6790893B2
JP6790893B2 JP2017027300A JP2017027300A JP6790893B2 JP 6790893 B2 JP6790893 B2 JP 6790893B2 JP 2017027300 A JP2017027300 A JP 2017027300A JP 2017027300 A JP2017027300 A JP 2017027300A JP 6790893 B2 JP6790893 B2 JP 6790893B2
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山田　一郎
一郎 山田
信雄 山本
信雄 山本
裕太 下西
裕太 下西
吉宣 佐藤
吉宣 佐藤
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Description

本発明は、電池状態推定装置及び電源装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a battery state estimation device and a power supply device.

二次電池は使用に伴って、電池容量の低下や電池の入出力抵抗値の上昇が生じる。そして、電池容量の低下や入出力抵抗値の上昇の度合いは、二次電池における正極の劣化状態と負極の劣化状態との関係によって決まり、より劣化度合いが高い方の影響を強く受ける。そして、正極及び負極のどちらの劣化度合いが高くなるかは、電池が使用された環境や使用のされ方などの使用履歴によって異なり、電池の固体差も影響する。従って、複数の二次電池において取得した電池容量や端子電圧、入出力抵抗値等が同じ値であっても、それらの正極及び負極の劣化状態は互いに異なる場合があるため、単に電池容量や端子電圧、入出力抵抗値等から二次電池の状態を正確に推定することは困難であった。 As the secondary battery is used, the battery capacity decreases and the input / output resistance value of the battery increases. The degree of decrease in battery capacity and increase in input / output resistance value is determined by the relationship between the deterioration state of the positive electrode and the deterioration state of the negative electrode in the secondary battery, and is strongly influenced by the one with the higher degree of deterioration. Which of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration depends on the usage history such as the environment in which the battery is used and how it is used, and the individual difference of the battery also affects it. Therefore, even if the battery capacity, terminal voltage, input / output resistance value, etc. acquired in a plurality of secondary batteries are the same, the deterioration states of the positive electrode and the negative electrode thereof may be different from each other. It was difficult to accurately estimate the state of the secondary battery from the voltage, input / output resistance value, and the like.

そこで、各電池の正極及び負極の特性を直接測定してそれぞれの劣化状態を考慮して電池状態を推定することが考えられる。しかしながら、正極及び負極の特性を直接測定するには、測定装置が必要となるため装置の大型化や複雑化を招く。特に、多数の二次電池を備えるPHEV（Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle）やHEMS（Home Energy Management System）などの電源装置ではこの問題が顕著となる。 Therefore, it is conceivable to directly measure the characteristics of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each battery and estimate the battery state in consideration of the respective deterioration states. However, in order to directly measure the characteristics of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a measuring device is required, which causes the device to become large and complicated. In particular, this problem becomes remarkable in power supply devices such as PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) and HEMS (Home Energy Management System) equipped with a large number of secondary batteries.

特許文献１に開示の構成では、正極及び負極の特性を直接測定することに替えて、負荷状態に応じた経時劣化を反映させるアルゴリズムを用いて二次電池の状態を推定している。 In the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, the state of the secondary battery is estimated by using an algorithm that reflects the deterioration with time according to the load state, instead of directly measuring the characteristics of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

特開２０１６−１５２７０４号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-152704

しかしながら、特許文献１に開示の構成では、正極及び負極の劣化は一様に進むものとしてアルゴリズムを設定しており、二次電池の使用履歴が何ら考慮されていない。上述の如く、二次電池の使用履歴によって正極及び負極の劣化度合いは異なるため、特許文献１に開示の構成により二次電池の状態を正確に推定するには改善の余地がある。 However, in the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, the algorithm is set so that the deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode proceeds uniformly, and the usage history of the secondary battery is not considered at all. As described above, since the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode differs depending on the usage history of the secondary battery, there is room for improvement in accurately estimating the state of the secondary battery by the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1.

本発明は、かかる背景に鑑みてなされたもので、二次電池の状態を高精度に推定することができる電池状態推定装置及び電源装置を提供しようとするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of such a background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery state estimation device and a power supply device capable of estimating the state of a secondary battery with high accuracy.

本発明の一態様は、二次電池（２）における充放電可能な電力量を推定する電池状態推定装置（１）であって、
上記二次電池の電池情報を取得する電池情報取得部（４０）と、
上記二次電池の使用履歴情報を取得する履歴情報取得部（４１）と、
上記二次電池の電池情報と上記二次電池における正極の特性値及び負極の特性値との対応関係を示す正極特性情報及び負極特性情報がそれぞれ、上記二次電池の使用履歴情報と対応付けられて、予め記憶されている特性情報記憶部（３０）と、
上記履歴情報取得部により取得された上記使用履歴情報に対応する上記正極特性情報及び上記負極特性情報を上記特性情報記憶部から抽出する特性情報抽出部（６０）と、
上記電池情報取得部により取得された上記電池情報と、上記特性情報抽出部により抽出された上記正極特性情報及び上記負極特性情報とに基づいて、上記二次電池の動作範囲内において上記二次電池における正極の特性値及び負極の特性値をそれぞれ算出する特性値算出部（６１）と、
上記特性値算出部により算出された上記正極の特性値及び上記負極の特性値に基づいて、上記二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を推定する推定部（６２）と、
を有し、
上記推定部は、上記正極の特性値及び上記負極の特性値から上記正極及び上記負極のどちらが劣化度合いが高いか判定する劣化度判定部（６３）と、上記正極及び上記負極のうち劣化度合いが高いと判定された方の上記特性値から上記二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を算出する電力量算出部（６４）とを有する、電池状態推定装置にある。 One aspect of the present invention is a battery state estimation device (1) that estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery (2).
The battery information acquisition unit (40) that acquires the battery information of the secondary battery, and
The history information acquisition unit (41) that acquires the usage history information of the secondary battery, and
The positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information indicating the correspondence between the battery information of the secondary battery and the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode in the secondary battery are associated with the usage history information of the secondary battery, respectively. The characteristic information storage unit (30) stored in advance and
A characteristic information extraction unit (60) that extracts the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the usage history information acquired by the history information acquisition unit from the characteristic information storage unit, and
Based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit, the positive electrode characteristic information extracted by the characteristic information extraction unit, and the negative electrode characteristic information, the secondary battery is within the operating range of the secondary battery. The characteristic value calculation unit (61) for calculating the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode in
An estimation unit (62) that estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery based on the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode calculated by the characteristic value calculation unit.
Have a,
The estimation unit includes a deterioration degree determination unit (63) for determining which of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration from the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode, and the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The battery state estimation device has a power amount calculation unit (64) for calculating the chargeable and dischargeable power amount in the secondary battery from the characteristic value of the one determined to be high .

上記電池状態推定装置においては、正極特性情報及び負極特性情報が使用履歴情報に対応付けられて記憶されている。そして、二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を推定する際には、当該二次電池の使用履歴情報に対応する正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を抽出した上で、当該正極特性情報及び負極特性情報に基づいて、二次電池の動作範囲内において正極の特性値と負極の特性値とを個別に算出する。そして、当該正極の特性値と負極の特性値とから当該二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を推定する。これにより、使用履歴に応じて互いに異なる正極及び負極の劣化度合いが反映されるため、当該二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を高精度に推定することができる。 In the battery state estimation device, positive electrode characteristic information and negative electrode characteristic information are stored in association with usage history information. Then, when estimating the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery, after extracting the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the usage history information of the secondary battery, the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic Based on the information, the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode are individually calculated within the operating range of the secondary battery. Then, the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery is estimated from the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode. As a result, the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, which differ from each other according to the usage history, is reflected, so that the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery can be estimated with high accuracy.

以上のごとく、本発明によれば、二次電池の状態を高精度に推定することができる電池状態推定装置を提供することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a battery state estimation device capable of estimating the state of a secondary battery with high accuracy.

なお、特許請求の範囲及び課題を解決する手段に記載した括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものであり、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。 The reference numerals in parentheses described in the scope of claims and the means for solving the problem indicate the correspondence with the specific means described in the embodiments described later, and limit the technical scope of the present invention. It's not a thing.

実施形態１における、電池状態推定装置及び電源装置の構成を示すブロック図。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery state estimation device and a power supply device in the first embodiment. 実施形態１における、第１の温度履歴に対応した第１の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を示す図。The figure which shows the 1st positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the 1st temperature history in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、第２の温度履歴に対応した第２の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を示す図。The figure which shows the 2nd positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the 2nd temperature history in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１における、電池状態を推定する工程を示すフロー図。The flow chart which shows the process of estimating the battery state in Embodiment 1. FIG. 比較例における、電池状態を推定する工程を示すフロー図。The flow chart which shows the process of estimating the battery state in the comparative example. 変形形態１における、電池状態推定装置及び電源装置の構成を示すブロック図。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery state estimation device and a power supply device in the first modification. 変形形態２における、電池状態推定装置及び電源装置の構成を示すブロック図。FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a battery state estimation device and a power supply device in the second modification.

（実施形態１）
上記電池状態推定装置の実施形態について、図１〜図５を用いて説明する。
本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１は、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定するものであり、電池情報取得部４０、履歴情報取得部４１、特性情報記憶部３０、特性情報抽出部６０、特性値算出部６１及び推定部６２を有する。
電池情報取得部４０は、二次電池２の電池情報を取得する。
履歴情報取得部４１は、二次電池２の使用履歴情報を取得する。
特性情報記憶部３０は、二次電池２の電池情報と二次電池２における正極の特性値及び負極の特性値との対応関係を示す正極特性情報及び負極特性情報がそれぞれ、二次電池２の使用履歴情報と対応付けられて、予め記憶されている。
特性情報抽出部６０は履歴情報取得部４１により取得された使用履歴情報に対応する正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を特性情報記憶部３０から抽出する。
特性値算出部６１は、電池情報取得部４０により取得された電池情報と、特性情報抽出部６０により抽出された正極特性情報及び負極特性情報とに基づいて、二次電池２の動作範囲内において二次電池２における正極の特性値及び負極の特性値をそれぞれ算出する。
推定部６２は、特性値算出部６１により算出された正極の特性値及び負極の特性値に基づいて、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定する。 (Embodiment 1)
An embodiment of the battery state estimation device will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
The battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2, and includes a battery information acquisition unit 40, a history information acquisition unit 41, a characteristic information storage unit 30, and a characteristic information extraction. It has a unit 60, a characteristic value calculation unit 61, and an estimation unit 62.
The battery information acquisition unit 40 acquires the battery information of the secondary battery 2.
The history information acquisition unit 41 acquires the usage history information of the secondary battery 2.
In the characteristic information storage unit 30, the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information indicating the correspondence relationship between the battery information of the secondary battery 2 and the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode in the secondary battery 2 are each of the secondary battery 2. It is associated with the usage history information and stored in advance.
The characteristic information extraction unit 60 extracts positive electrode characteristic information and negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the usage history information acquired by the history information acquisition unit 41 from the characteristic information storage unit 30.
The characteristic value calculation unit 61 is within the operating range of the secondary battery 2 based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 40 and the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information extracted by the characteristic information extraction unit 60 . The characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode in the secondary battery 2 are calculated respectively.
The estimation unit 62 estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 based on the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode calculated by the characteristic value calculation unit 61 .

以下、本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１について、詳述する。
図１に示すように、電池状態推定装置１は、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定するものであって、二次電池２に接続されて電源装置１００を形成している。電源装置１００は電気自動車等に搭載されて、二次電池２の出力電力が電気自動車の回転機や種々のアシスト機に利用されるとともに、回転機の回生エネルギーが二次電池２に入力されるように構成されている。本実施形態では、二次電池２はリチウムイオン電池であって、LiFePO4からなる鉄系正極と、グラファイトからなる炭素系負極とを有する。 Hereinafter, the battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery state estimation device 1 estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2, and is connected to the secondary battery 2 to form the power supply device 100. The power supply device 100 is mounted on an electric vehicle or the like, and the output power of the secondary battery 2 is used for the rotating machine of the electric vehicle and various assisting machines, and the regenerative energy of the rotating machine is input to the secondary battery 2. It is configured as follows. In the present embodiment, the secondary battery 2 is a lithium ion battery, and has an iron-based positive electrode made of LiFePO 4 and a carbon-based negative electrode made of graphite.

図１に示すように、電池状態推定装置１は、記憶部３、取得部４、格納部５、演算部６、報知部７を備える。記憶部３は特性情報記憶部３０を有する。特性情報記憶部３０は書き換え不能な不揮発性メモリであって、二次電池２の正極特性情報と負極特性情報とが予め記憶されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the battery state estimation device 1 includes a storage unit 3, an acquisition unit 4, a storage unit 5, a calculation unit 6, and a notification unit 7. The storage unit 3 has a characteristic information storage unit 30. The characteristic information storage unit 30 is a non-volatile memory that cannot be rewritten, and the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information of the secondary battery 2 are stored in advance.

特性情報記憶部３０に記憶された正極特性情報及び負極特性情報とは、二次電池２の正極の特性及び負極の特性と、二次電池２の電池状態との対応関係を示す情報である。正極の特性及び負極の特性としては、正極及び負極における容量維持率、抵抗上昇率、電極電位など、正極及び負極に関する種々の情報を採用することができる。二次電池２の電池状態としては、二次電池２における充放電電力量の積算値である積算充放電電力量、電極に流れた電流量の積算値である積算電流量、充放電回数、通電時間、二次電池２が搭載された車両の走行距離、電池温度、電池電圧など、二次電池２の使用に関する種々の情報を採用することができる。本実施形態では、正極特性情報及び負極特性情報として、正極及び負極における容量維持率を採用した。なお、容量維持率とは、正極及び負極における初期の充放電可能な電気容量Vintに対する検出時の充放電可能な電気容量Vの維持率であるV/Vint×１００（％）を示す。 The positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information stored in the characteristic information storage unit 30 are information indicating the correspondence between the characteristics of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 2 and the battery state of the secondary battery 2. As the characteristics of the positive electrode and the characteristics of the negative electrode, various information regarding the positive electrode and the negative electrode such as the capacity retention rate, the resistance increase rate, and the electrode potential in the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be adopted. The battery state of the secondary battery 2 includes the integrated charge / discharge power amount which is the integrated value of the charge / discharge power amount in the secondary battery 2, the integrated current amount which is the integrated value of the current amount flowing through the electrode, the number of charge / discharge times, and the energization. Various information regarding the use of the secondary battery 2, such as time, mileage of the vehicle on which the secondary battery 2 is mounted, battery temperature, and battery voltage, can be adopted. In this embodiment, the capacity retention rate in the positive electrode and the negative electrode is adopted as the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information. The capacity retention rate indicates V / V int × 100 (%), which is the retention rate of the charge / dischargeable electric capacity V at the time of detection with respect to the initial chargeable / dischargeable electric capacity V int in the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

特性情報記憶部３０に記憶された正極特性情報及び負極特性情報は、それぞれ別個に、二次電池２の使用履歴情報に対応付けられた状態で記憶されている。二次電池２の使用履歴情報とは、二次電池２における温度履歴、電力入出力履歴、通電履歴、二次電池２が搭載された車両の走行履歴、充放電履歴、積算充電容量、積算放電容量、総充電容量、総放電容量、平均電池電圧など、二次電池２の使用履歴に関する種々の情報を採用することができる。 The positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information stored in the characteristic information storage unit 30 are separately stored in a state of being associated with the usage history information of the secondary battery 2. The usage history information of the secondary battery 2 includes temperature history, power input / output history, energization history of the secondary battery 2, running history of the vehicle equipped with the secondary battery 2, charge / discharge history, integrated charge capacity, and integrated discharge. Various information regarding the usage history of the secondary battery 2, such as capacity, total charge capacity, total discharge capacity, and average battery voltage, can be adopted.

本実施形態では、特性情報記憶部３０には、正極特性情報及び負極特性情報としての正極及び負極における容量維持率と二次電池２における積算充放電電力量との対応関係が、二次電池２の使用履歴情報としての二次電池２の温度履歴に対応付けられて記憶されている。特性情報記憶部３０には、本実施形態では、例えば、図２に示す第１の温度履歴に対応する第１の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報が記憶されており、図３に示す第２の温度履歴に対応する第２の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報が記憶されている。この場合は、第２の温度履歴では、第１の温度履歴の場合よりも、負極の劣化に比べて正極の劣化が進みやすい温度環境で使用されている。なお、特性情報記憶部３０に記憶された正極特性情報及び負極特性情報の形態は特に限定されず、例えば、算出式、マップ、表などの形態とすることができる。なお、特性情報記憶部３０に記憶される正極特性情報及び負極特性情報は、測定用の二次電池２を用いて加速劣化試験を行って分解調査して得られた実測定値を基に作成したり、二次電池２のモデルを用いて正極及び負極の状態変化を理論的に導き出す算出式により作成することができる。 In the present embodiment, the characteristic information storage unit 30 has a correspondence relationship between the capacity retention rate of the positive electrode and the negative electrode as the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information and the integrated charge / discharge power amount of the secondary battery 2. It is stored in association with the temperature history of the secondary battery 2 as the usage history information of. In the present embodiment, the characteristic information storage unit 30 stores, for example, the first positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the first temperature history shown in FIG. 2, and the second characteristic information storage unit 30 is shown in FIG. The second positive electrode characteristic information and negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the temperature history are stored. In this case, the second temperature history is used in a temperature environment in which the deterioration of the positive electrode is more likely to proceed than the deterioration of the negative electrode than in the case of the first temperature history. The form of the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information stored in the characteristic information storage unit 30 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a calculation formula, a map, a table, or the like. The positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information stored in the characteristic information storage unit 30 are created based on the actual measured values obtained by performing an accelerated deterioration test using the secondary battery 2 for measurement and disassembling and investigating. Alternatively, it can be created by a calculation formula that theoretically derives the state change of the positive electrode and the negative electrode using the model of the secondary battery 2.

図１に示すように、取得部４は、電池情報取得部４０と履歴情報取得部４１とを有する。電池情報取得部４０は、電池状態推定装置１に接続された二次電池２から上述の電池情報を取得する。電池情報取得部４０は、例えば、各種センサや計測器により構成することができる。本実施形態では、電池情報取得部４０は、二次電池２に流れた電流量、二次電池２の電圧値及び流れた時間に基づいて二次電池２において充放電された電力量を計測する計測器からなる。履歴情報取得部４１は、電池状態推定装置１に接続された二次電池２から上述の二次電池２の使用履歴情報を取得する。本実施形態では、電池状態推定装置１に接続された二次電池２の使用環境の温度を計測する温度センサからなる。なお、電池情報取得部４０が所定のタイミングや間隔で取得して蓄積した情報を二次電池２の使用履歴情報として取得するようにしてもよい。 As shown in FIG. 1, the acquisition unit 4 has a battery information acquisition unit 40 and a history information acquisition unit 41. The battery information acquisition unit 40 acquires the above-mentioned battery information from the secondary battery 2 connected to the battery state estimation device 1. The battery information acquisition unit 40 can be configured by, for example, various sensors and measuring instruments. In the present embodiment, the battery information acquisition unit 40 measures the amount of power charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 based on the amount of current flowing through the secondary battery 2, the voltage value of the secondary battery 2, and the time flowing. It consists of measuring instruments. The history information acquisition unit 41 acquires the usage history information of the above-mentioned secondary battery 2 from the secondary battery 2 connected to the battery state estimation device 1. The present embodiment includes a temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the operating environment of the secondary battery 2 connected to the battery state estimation device 1. The information acquired and accumulated by the battery information acquisition unit 40 at a predetermined timing or interval may be acquired as the usage history information of the secondary battery 2.

次に、格納部５は、電池情報格納部５０と、履歴情報格納部５１とを有する。電池情報格納部５０は揮発性のメモリであって、電池情報取得部４０が取得した電池情報が一次的に格納される。履歴情報格納部５１は書き換え可能な不揮発性のメモリであって、履歴情報取得部４１が取得した二次電池２の使用履歴情報が蓄積される。 Next, the storage unit 5 has a battery information storage unit 50 and a history information storage unit 51. The battery information storage unit 50 is a volatile memory, and the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 40 is temporarily stored. The history information storage unit 51 is a rewritable non-volatile memory, and the usage history information of the secondary battery 2 acquired by the history information acquisition unit 41 is stored.

演算部６は、特性情報抽出部６０、特性値算出部６１、推定部６２を有する。演算部６はマイコンにより構成され、特性情報抽出部６０、特性値算出部６１、推定部６２としての機能を果たすプログラムを実行可能に構成されている。当該プログラムは演算部６に設けられた図示しないメモリに格納されている。特性情報抽出部６０は、特性情報記憶部３０から、履歴情報格納部５１に格納された二次電池２の使用履歴情報に対応する正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を抽出する。特性値算出部６１は、電池情報格納部５０に格納された二次電池２の電池情報と、特性情報抽出部６０により抽出された正極特性情報及び負極特性情報とに基づいて、二次電池２の動作範囲内において正極の特性値と負極の特性値とを算出する。 The calculation unit 6 includes a characteristic information extraction unit 60, a characteristic value calculation unit 61, and an estimation unit 62. The calculation unit 6 is composed of a microcomputer, and is configured to be able to execute a program that functions as a characteristic information extraction unit 60, a characteristic value calculation unit 61, and an estimation unit 62. The program is stored in a memory (not shown) provided in the arithmetic unit 6. The characteristic information extraction unit 60 extracts positive electrode characteristic information and negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the usage history information of the secondary battery 2 stored in the history information storage unit 51 from the characteristic information storage unit 30. The characteristic value calculation unit 61 is based on the battery information of the secondary battery 2 stored in the battery information storage unit 50 and the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information extracted by the characteristic information extraction unit 60. The characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode are calculated within the operating range of.

二次電池２の動作範囲とは、正極及び負極のそれぞれの最大及び最小電気容量から規定される理論範囲内において余裕度を持たせた範囲である。二次電池２はこの動作範囲内で使用することにより、高い安定性を確保できる。そして、本実施形態における特性値算出部６１では、二次電池２の動作範囲内において正極の特性値と負極の特性値を算出することにより、二次電池２の高い安定性が確保された範囲内で後述する二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量が推定されるように構成されている。例えば、図２及び図３に示すように、正極及び負極における容量維持率と二次電池２における積算充放電電力量との対応関係からなる正極特性情報及び負極特性情報においては、所定の容量維持率が動作範囲の下限として規定される。そして、二次電池２の動作範囲は、容量維持率が当該動作範囲の下限よりも高い、すなわち正極及び負極における劣化が少ない範囲となる。 The operating range of the secondary battery 2 is a range in which a margin is provided within a theoretical range defined by the maximum and minimum electric capacities of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively. By using the secondary battery 2 within this operating range, high stability can be ensured. Then, the characteristic value calculation unit 61 in the present embodiment calculates the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode within the operating range of the secondary battery 2, so that the high stability of the secondary battery 2 is ensured. It is configured so that the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 described later is estimated. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information, which consist of the correspondence between the capacity retention rate in the positive electrode and the negative electrode and the integrated charge / discharge electric energy in the secondary battery 2, the predetermined capacity is maintained. The rate is defined as the lower limit of the operating range. The operating range of the secondary battery 2 is a range in which the capacity retention rate is higher than the lower limit of the operating range, that is, there is little deterioration in the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

推定部６２は、劣化度判定部６３と電力量算出部６４とを有する。劣化度判定部６３は、正極の特性値と負極の特性値とを比較して、どちらが劣化度合いが高いか判定する。電力量算出部６４は、劣化度判定部６３において、正極及び負極のうち劣化度合いが高いと判定された方の特性値から二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を算出する。これにより、推定部６２において、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量が推定される。 The estimation unit 62 includes a deterioration degree determination unit 63 and an electric energy calculation unit 64. The deterioration degree determination unit 63 compares the characteristic value of the positive electrode with the characteristic value of the negative electrode, and determines which has the higher degree of deterioration. The electric energy calculation unit 64 calculates the electric energy that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 from the characteristic values of the positive electrode and the negative electrode that are determined to have a high degree of deterioration in the deterioration degree determination unit 63. As a result, the estimation unit 62 estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2.

報知部７は、推定結果表示部７０を有する。推定結果表示部７０は、推定部６２による推定結果を表示して、ユーザに推定結果を報知する。推定結果表示部７０は、所定のディスプレイで構成され、推定結果である二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を表示可能に構成されている。なお、報知部７は、推定結果表示部７０に替えて、又はこれとともに、推定部６２による推定結果を音声で報知したり、所定のランプで報知する推定結果出力部を備えていてもよい。例えば、推定結果である二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量が所定の基準値よりも高い場合又は低い場合に所定態様の音声を出力したり、所定態様のランプを点灯させるようにしてもよい。 The notification unit 7 has an estimation result display unit 70. The estimation result display unit 70 displays the estimation result by the estimation unit 62 and notifies the user of the estimation result. The estimation result display unit 70 is composed of a predetermined display, and is configured to be able to display the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 which is the estimation result. The notification unit 7 may include an estimation result output unit that notifies the estimation result by the estimation unit 62 by voice or a predetermined lamp in place of or in addition to the estimation result display unit 70. For example, when the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 which is the estimation result is higher or lower than the predetermined reference value, the sound of the predetermined mode is output or the lamp of the predetermined mode is turned on. Good.

次に、電池状態推定装置１の使用態様について、図４に示すフロー図を用いて説明する。まず、図４に示すように、ステップＳ１において、履歴情報取得部４１により、二次電池２の使用履歴情報を取得し、履歴情報格納部５１に格納する。本実施形態では、履歴情報取得部４１は所定間隔で二次電池２の温度を取得し、二次電池２の使用履歴情報として温度履歴情報を履歴情報格納部５１に格納する。また、履歴情報取得部４１は二次電池２における積算充放電電力量（Wh）も所定間隔で取得し、履歴情報格納部５１に格納する。 Next, the usage mode of the battery state estimation device 1 will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 4, in step S1, the history information acquisition unit 41 acquires the usage history information of the secondary battery 2 and stores it in the history information storage unit 51. In the present embodiment, the history information acquisition unit 41 acquires the temperature of the secondary battery 2 at predetermined intervals, and stores the temperature history information in the history information storage unit 51 as the usage history information of the secondary battery 2. Further, the history information acquisition unit 41 also acquires the integrated charge / discharge electric energy (Wh) in the secondary battery 2 at predetermined intervals and stores it in the history information storage unit 51.

次に、ステップＳ２において、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定する電力量推定タイミングが到来したか否かを判定する。当該判定は図示しない判定部により行う。電力量推定タイミングが到来していないと判定された場合は、再度ステップＳ１に戻る。 Next, in step S2, it is determined whether or not the electric energy estimation timing for estimating the electric energy that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 has arrived. The determination is made by a determination unit (not shown). If it is determined that the electric energy estimation timing has not arrived, the process returns to step S1 again.

ステップＳ２において、電力量推定タイミングが到来していると判定された場合は、ステップＳ３に進み、電池情報取得部４０により、二次電池２の電池情報を取得し、電池情報格納部５０に格納する。本実施形態では、電池情報取得部４０は、履歴情報格納部５１に格納されている電力量推定タイミングまでの二次電池２における積算充放電電力量（Wh）を電池情報として取得する。 If it is determined in step S2 that the electric energy estimation timing has arrived, the process proceeds to step S3, the battery information acquisition unit 40 acquires the battery information of the secondary battery 2, and the battery information storage unit 50 stores the battery information. To do. In the present embodiment, the battery information acquisition unit 40 acquires the integrated charge / discharge power amount (Wh) in the secondary battery 2 up to the power amount estimation timing stored in the history information storage unit 51 as battery information.

そして、ステップＳ４において、特性情報抽出部６０により、履歴情報格納部５１に格納された温度履歴情報に対応する正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を特性情報記憶部３０から抽出する。例えば、履歴情報格納部５１に格納された温度履歴情報が第１の温度履歴である場合には、特性情報記憶部３０から図２に示す第１の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を抽出し、履歴情報格納部５１に格納された温度履歴情報が第２の温度履歴である場合には、特性情報記憶部３０から図３に示す第２の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を抽出する。 Then, in step S4, the characteristic information extraction unit 60 extracts the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the temperature history information stored in the history information storage unit 51 from the characteristic information storage unit 30. For example, when the temperature history information stored in the history information storage unit 51 is the first temperature history, the first positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information shown in FIG. 2 are extracted from the characteristic information storage unit 30. When the temperature history information stored in the history information storage unit 51 is the second temperature history, the second positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information shown in FIG. 3 are extracted from the characteristic information storage unit 30.

その後、ステップＳ５において、特性値算出部６１により、電池情報格納部５０に格納された二次電池２の電池情報と、特性情報抽出部６０により抽出された正極特性情報及び負極特性情報とに基づいて、二次電池２の動作範囲内において正極の特性値と負極の特性値とを算出する。本実施形態では、例えば、履歴情報格納部５１に格納された温度履歴情報が第１の温度履歴である場合には、図２に示す第１の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報と、電池情報格納部５０に格納された二次電池２における積算充放電電力量（Wh）とに基づいて、二次電池２の動作範囲内において、正極の特性値及び負極の特性値として、正極の容量維持率（V/Vint）及び負極の容量維持率（V/Vint）を算出する。また、例えば、履歴情報格納部５１に格納された温度履歴情報が第２の温度履歴である場合には、図３に示す第２の正極特性情報及び負極特性情報と、電池情報格納部５０に格納された二次電池２における積算充放電電力量（Wh）とに基づいて、二次電池２の動作範囲内において、正極の特性値及び負極の特性値として、正極の容量維持率（V/Vint）及び負極の容量維持率（V/Vint）を算出する。 After that, in step S5, the characteristic value calculation unit 61 is based on the battery information of the secondary battery 2 stored in the battery information storage unit 50, and the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information extracted by the characteristic information extraction unit 60. Then, the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode are calculated within the operating range of the secondary battery 2. In the present embodiment, for example, when the temperature history information stored in the history information storage unit 51 is the first temperature history, the first positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information shown in FIG. 2 and the battery information are stored. Based on the integrated charge / discharge power amount (Wh) in the secondary battery 2 stored in the unit 50, the capacity retention rate of the positive electrode is used as the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode within the operating range of the secondary battery 2. (V / V int ) and the capacity retention rate of the negative electrode (V / V int ) are calculated. Further, for example, when the temperature history information stored in the history information storage unit 51 is the second temperature history, the second positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information shown in FIG. 3 and the battery information storage unit 50 Based on the integrated charge / discharge power amount (Wh) in the stored secondary battery 2, the positive electrode capacity retention rate (V /) is used as the positive electrode characteristic value and the negative electrode characteristic value within the operating range of the secondary battery 2. V int ) and the capacity retention rate of the negative electrode (V / V int ) are calculated.

例えば、図２及び図３に示すように、電池情報格納部５０に格納された二次電池２における積算充放電電力量（Wh）がＷｈ１である場合には、正極の容量維持率（V/Vint）はＶ１ｐであり、負極の容量維持率（V/Vint）はＶ１ｎである。また、電池情報格納部５０に格納された二次電池２における積算充放電電力量（Wh）がＷｈ２である場合には、正極の容量維持率（V/Vint）はＶ１ｐであり、負極の容量維持率（V/Vint）はＶ１ｎである。 For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when the integrated charge / discharge electric energy (Wh) in the secondary battery 2 stored in the battery information storage unit 50 is Wh1, the capacity retention rate (V /) of the positive electrode V int ) is V1p, and the capacity retention rate (V / V int ) of the negative electrode is V1n. Further, when the integrated charge / discharge electric energy (Wh) in the secondary battery 2 stored in the battery information storage unit 50 is Wh2, the capacity retention rate (V / V int ) of the positive electrode is V1p and the negative electrode The capacity retention rate (V / V int ) is V1n.

そして、図４に示すステップＳ６において、推定部６２における劣化度判定部６３により、特性値算出部６１によって算出された正極の特性値及び負極の特性値とを比較して、どちらの劣化度合いが高いか判定する。本実施形態では、劣化度判定部６３により、正極の容量維持率と負極の容量維持率とを比較して、容量維持率が低い方を劣化度合いが高いと判定する。 Then, in step S6 shown in FIG. 4, the deterioration degree determination unit 63 in the estimation unit 62 compares the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode calculated by the characteristic value calculation unit 61, and which degree of deterioration is determined. Determine if it is high. In the present embodiment, the deterioration degree determination unit 63 compares the capacity retention rate of the positive electrode with the capacity retention rate of the negative electrode, and determines that the lower the capacity retention rate is the higher the degree of deterioration.

例えば、図２に示すように、第１の温度履歴の場合において、二次電池２の積算充放電電力量がＷｈ１の場合には、負極の特性値Ｖ１ｎが正極の特性値Ｖ１ｐよりも小さいため、劣化度判定部６３により負極の方が正極よりも劣化度合いが高いと判定される。また、二次電池２の積算充放電電力量がＷｈ２の場合も負極の特性値Ｖ２ｎが正極の特性値Ｖ２ｐよりも小さいため、劣化度判定部６３により負極の方が正極よりも劣化度合いが高いと判定される。また、図３に示すように、第２の温度履歴の場合においては、二次電池２の積算充放電電力量がＷｈ１の場合には、第１の温度履歴の場合と同様に、負極の特性値Ｖ１ｎが正極の特性値Ｖ１ｐよりも小さいため、劣化度判定部６３により負極の方が正極よりも劣化度合いが高いと判定される。しかし、二次電池２の積算充放電電力量がＷｈ２の場合には、正極の特性値Ｖ２ｐが負極の特性値Ｖ２ｎよりも小さいため、劣化度判定部６３により正極の方が負極よりも劣化度合いが高いと判定される。 For example, as shown in FIG. 2, in the case of the first temperature history, when the integrated charge / discharge electric energy of the secondary battery 2 is Wh1, the characteristic value V1n of the negative electrode is smaller than the characteristic value V1p of the positive electrode. The deterioration degree determination unit 63 determines that the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration than the positive electrode. Further, even when the integrated charge / discharge electric energy of the secondary battery 2 is Wh2, the characteristic value V2n of the negative electrode is smaller than the characteristic value V2p of the positive electrode, so that the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration than the positive electrode by the deterioration degree determination unit 63. Is determined. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in the case of the second temperature history, when the integrated charge / discharge electric energy of the secondary battery 2 is Wh1, the characteristics of the negative electrode are the same as in the case of the first temperature history. Since the value V1n is smaller than the characteristic value V1p of the positive electrode, the deterioration degree determination unit 63 determines that the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration than the positive electrode. However, when the integrated charge / discharge electric energy of the secondary battery 2 is Wh2, the characteristic value V2p of the positive electrode is smaller than the characteristic value V2n of the negative electrode, so that the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode is higher than that of the negative electrode by the deterioration degree determination unit 63. Is determined to be high.

その後、図４に示すステップＳ７において、推定部６２における電力量算出部６４により、劣化度判定部６３によって正極及び負極のうち劣化度合いが高いと判定された方の特性値から二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を算出する。本実施形態では、電力量算出部６４により、劣化度合いが高い方の電極の容量維持率から劣化度合いが高い方の電極の充放電可能な電力量を算出し、これに基づいて当該二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を算出する。 After that, in step S7 shown in FIG. 4, in the secondary battery 2, the power amount calculation unit 64 in the estimation unit 62 determines that the degree of deterioration is higher among the positive electrode and the negative electrode by the deterioration degree determination unit 63. Calculate the amount of power that can be charged and discharged. In the present embodiment, the electric energy calculation unit 64 calculates the amount of electric energy that can be charged and discharged from the electrode with the higher degree of deterioration from the capacity retention rate of the electrode with the higher degree of deterioration, and based on this, the secondary battery Calculate the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in 2.

以上のように、電池状態推定装置１により、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定することができる。 As described above, the battery state estimation device 1 can estimate the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2.

（評価試験１）
次に、電池状態推定装置における使用履歴に関する以下の評価試験１を行った。
試験例の電池状態推定装置として実施形態１の電池状態推定装置１を使用し、比較例として電極非分離方式の推定方法により電池状態を推定する電池状態推定装置を使用した。
比較例の電池状態推定装置は、二次電池における積算充放電電力量（Wh）と二次電池の容量維持率との関係を示す情報である電池特性情報を有している。比較例の電池状態推定装置による二次電池における充放電可能な電力量の推定は、図５に示すフローに従って行った。まず、ステップＳ１０１において、二次電池２における積算充放電電力量を検出し、記憶する。そして、ステップＳ１０２において、電力量推定タイミングに到達したか否かを判定する。電力量推定タイミングに到達していないと判定された場合は、再度ステップＳ１０１に戻る。一方、ステップＳ１０２において電力量推定タイミングに到達していると判定された場合は、測定時点までの二次電池における積算充放電電力量を取得する。そして、ステップＳ１０４において、ステップＳ１０２で取得した当該二次電池における積算充放電電力量と電池特性情報とに基づいて、ステップＳ１０５によって二次電池２の充放電可能な電力量を推定する。 (Evaluation test 1)
Next, the following evaluation test 1 regarding the usage history in the battery state estimation device was performed.
The battery state estimation device 1 of the first embodiment was used as the battery state estimation device of the test example, and the battery state estimation device for estimating the battery state by the electrode non-separation method estimation method was used as a comparative example.
The battery state estimation device of the comparative example has battery characteristic information which is information indicating the relationship between the integrated charge / discharge electric energy (Wh) in the secondary battery and the capacity retention rate of the secondary battery. The amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery was estimated by the battery state estimation device of the comparative example according to the flow shown in FIG. First, in step S101, the integrated charge / discharge electric energy in the secondary battery 2 is detected and stored. Then, in step S102, it is determined whether or not the electric energy estimation timing has been reached. If it is determined that the electric energy estimation timing has not been reached, the process returns to step S101 again. On the other hand, when it is determined in step S102 that the electric energy estimation timing has been reached, the integrated charge / discharge electric energy in the secondary battery up to the measurement time is acquired. Then, in step S104, the chargeable and dischargeable electric energy of the secondary battery 2 is estimated in step S105 based on the integrated charge / discharge electric energy of the secondary battery and the battery characteristic information acquired in step S102.

評価試験１は以下のように行った。まず、電源装置１００が搭載された車両を温度環境が異なる使用履歴Ａ、Ｂ及びＣにおいて所定期間使用した後、試験例の電池状態推定装置１及び比較例の電池状態推定装置によって二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定した。また、二次電池２において当該推定時点で実際に充放電できた電力量を実測定値として取得した。使用履歴Ａは通常温度の市街地で使用した場合であり、使用履歴Ｂは高温度の地域で使用した場合であり、使用履歴Ｃは低温度の地域で使用した場合である。そして、試験例１−１及び比較例１−１を使用履歴Ａとし、試験例１−２及び比較例１−２を使用履歴Ｂとし、試験例１−３及び比較例１−３を使用履歴Ｃとした。評価結果は表１に示した。なお、各試験例及び比較例のいずれにおいても、リン酸鉄リチウムからなる正極と、非晶質炭素からなる負極とを有する二次電池２を使用した。 Evaluation test 1 was conducted as follows. First, a vehicle equipped with the power supply device 100 is used for a predetermined period in usage histories A, B, and C having different temperature environments, and then the secondary battery 2 is used by the battery state estimation device 1 of the test example and the battery state estimation device of the comparative example. The amount of power that can be charged and discharged is estimated. In addition, the amount of power that was actually charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 at the time of the estimation was acquired as an actual measured value. The usage history A is a case where it is used in an urban area with a normal temperature, a usage history B is a case where it is used in a high temperature area, and a usage history C is a case where it is used in a low temperature area. Then, Test Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1 are designated as usage history A, Test Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 are designated as usage history B, and Test Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-3 are designated as usage history. It was designated as C. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. In any of the respective test examples and comparative examples, it was used a positive electrode made of iron phosphate lithium secondary battery 2 and a negative electrode formed of amorphous carbon.

Figure 0006790893
Figure 0006790893

表１に示すように、試験例１−１、１−２及び１−３のいずれにおいても、推定値と実測定値との差は−０．０１〜０．００Ａｈの範囲内の高い推定精度を示した。一方、比較例１−１、１−２及び１−３では、推定値と実測定値との差はいずれも試験例の場合よりも大きかった。
以上のように、試験例１−１、１−２及び１−３では推定値と実測定値との差は小さく、その精度は比較例のいずれよりも高いことが確認できた。 As shown in Table 1, in all of Test Examples 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3, the difference between the estimated value and the actual measured value has a high estimation accuracy in the range of -0.01 to 0.00Ah. Indicated. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3, the difference between the estimated value and the actual measured value was larger than that in the case of the test example.
As described above, it was confirmed that in Test Examples 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3, the difference between the estimated value and the actual measured value was small, and the accuracy was higher than that of any of the comparative examples.

（評価試験２）
次に、電池状態推定装置と二次電池とを有する電源装置に関する以下の評価試験２を行った。評価試験２では、二次電池の電極の構成を変更した。試験例２−１及び比較例２−１では、正極がリン酸鉄リチウムからなり、負極が非晶質炭素からなる二次電池とした。試験例２−２及び比較例２−２では、正極がニッケル−マンガン−コバルト酸リチウムからなり、負極が非晶質炭素からなる二次電池とした。試験例２−３及び比較例２−３では、正極がニッケル−マンガン−コバルト酸リチウムからなり、負極がチタン酸リチウムからなる二次電池とした。なお、各試験例及び比較例では使用履歴として、評価試験１における高温地域の使用履歴Ｂを採用し、評価試験１の場合と同様に、二次電池２の充放電可能な電力量を推定するとともに実際に充放電可能な電力量の実測定値を測定した。評価結果は以下の表２に示す。 (Evaluation test 2)
Next, the following evaluation test 2 was performed on a power supply device having a battery state estimation device and a secondary battery. In the evaluation test 2, the configuration of the electrodes of the secondary battery was changed. In Test Example 2-1 and Comparative Example 2-1, a secondary battery having a positive electrode made of lithium iron phosphate and a negative electrode made of amorphous carbon was used. In Test Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 2-2, a secondary battery having a positive electrode made of nickel-manganese-lithium cobalt oxide and a negative electrode made of amorphous carbon was used. In Test Example 2-3 and Comparative Example 2-3, a secondary battery having a positive electrode made of nickel-manganese-lithium cobalt oxide and a negative electrode made of lithium titanate was used. In each test example and comparative example, the usage history B in the high temperature area in the evaluation test 1 is adopted as the usage history, and the chargeable electric energy of the secondary battery 2 is estimated as in the case of the evaluation test 1. At the same time, the actual measured value of the amount of power that can be actually charged and discharged was measured. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2 below.

Figure 0006790893
Figure 0006790893

表２に示すように、試験例２−１、２−２及び２−３の全てで、比較例２−１、２−２及び２−３よりも推定値と実測定値との差が小さく、その推定精度が高いことが確認できた。 As shown in Table 2, in all of Test Examples 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3, the difference between the estimated value and the actual measured value is smaller than that of Comparative Examples 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3. It was confirmed that the estimation accuracy was high.

（評価試験３）
次に、電池状態推定装置と二次電池とを有する電源装置に関する以下の評価試験３を行った。評価試験３ではさらに、二次電池の電極の構成を変更した。試験例３−１、３−２、３−３及び比較例３−１、３−２、３−３では、正極をリン酸鉄リチウムからなる二次電池とし、試験例３−４、３−５及び比較例３−４、３−５では正極をニッケル−マンガン−コバルト酸リチウムからなる二次電池とした。また、試験例３−１、３−４及び比較例３−１、３−４では、負極を非晶質炭素からなる二次電池とし、試験例３−２及び比較例３−２では、負極を黒鉛比表面積が1.2m2/gの高比表面黒鉛からなる二次電池とし、試験例３−３、３−５及び比較例３−３、３−５では、負極を黒鉛比表面積が0.8m2/gの低比表面黒鉛からなる二次電池とした。なお、各試験例及び比較例では使用履歴として、評価試験１における高温地域の使用履歴Ｂを採用し、評価試験１の場合と同様に、二次電池の充放電可能な電力量を推定するとともに実際に充放電可能な電力量の実測定値を測定した。評価結果は以下の表３に示す。 (Evaluation test 3)
Next, the following evaluation test 3 was performed on a power supply device having a battery state estimation device and a secondary battery. In the evaluation test 3, the configuration of the electrodes of the secondary battery was further changed. In Test Examples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3 and Comparative Examples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, the positive electrode was a secondary battery made of lithium iron phosphate, and Test Examples 3-4, 3- In 5 and Comparative Examples 3-4 and 3-5, the positive electrode was a secondary battery made of nickel-manganese-lithium cobalt oxide. Further, in Test Examples 3-1 and 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-4, the negative electrode was a secondary battery made of amorphous carbon, and in Test Example 3-2 and Comparative Example 3-2, the negative electrode was used. Is a secondary battery made of high specific surface area graphite having a specific surface area of 1.2 m 2 / g, and in Test Examples 3-3 and 3-5 and Comparative Examples 3-3 and 3-5, the negative electrode has a specific surface area of 0.8 graphite. A secondary battery made of low specific surface area graphite of m 2 / g was used. In each test example and comparative example, the usage history B in the high temperature area in the evaluation test 1 is adopted as the usage history, and as in the case of the evaluation test 1, the amount of power that can be charged and discharged of the secondary battery is estimated and The actual measured value of the amount of power that can be actually charged and discharged was measured. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3 below.

Figure 0006790893
Figure 0006790893

表３に示すように、すべての試験例において、対応する比較例よりも推定値と実測定値との差が少なくなっており、高い推定精度を示すことが確認できた。特に、負極が低比表面黒鉛からなる場合には十分高い推定精度が得られることが分かった。 As shown in Table 3, in all the test examples, the difference between the estimated value and the actual measured value was smaller than that of the corresponding comparative example, and it was confirmed that the estimation accuracy was high. In particular, it was found that sufficiently high estimation accuracy can be obtained when the negative electrode is made of low specific surface graphite.

次に、本実施形態の電池状態推定装置１における作用効果について、詳述する。
電池状態推定装置１においては、正極特性情報及び負極特性情報が使用履歴情報に対応付けられて記憶されている。そして、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定する際には、当該二次電池２の使用履歴情報に対応する正極特性情報及び負極特性情報を抽出した上で、当該正極特性情報及び負極特性情報に基づいて、二次電池２の動作範囲内において正極の特性値と負極の特性値とを個別に算出する。そして、当該正極の特性値と負極の特性値とから二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を推定する。これにより、使用履歴に応じて互いに異なる正極及び負極の劣化度合いが反映されるため、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を高精度に推定することができる。 Next, the effects of the battery state estimation device 1 of the present embodiment will be described in detail.
In the battery state estimation device 1, positive electrode characteristic information and negative electrode characteristic information are stored in association with usage history information. Then, when estimating the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2, the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the usage history information of the secondary battery 2 are extracted, and then the positive electrode characteristic information and the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information Based on the negative electrode characteristic information, the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode are individually calculated within the operating range of the secondary battery 2. Then, the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 is estimated from the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode. As a result, the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode that differ from each other according to the usage history is reflected, so that the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 can be estimated with high accuracy.

また、本実施形態では、推定部６２は、正極の特性値及び負極の特性値から正極及び負極のどちらが劣化度合いが高いか判定する劣化度判定部６３と、正極及び負極のうち劣化度合いが高いと判定された方の特性値から二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を算出する電力量算出部６４とを有する。二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量に対する影響は、二次電池２における正極及び負極のうち、劣化度合いが高い方の電極が優位となる。従って、推定部６２は電力量算出部６４において、劣化度判定部６３において劣化度合いが高いと判定された電極の特性値から二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を算出することにより、二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を高精度に推定することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the estimation unit 62 includes the deterioration degree determination unit 63 for determining which of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration from the characteristic values of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode having a higher degree of deterioration. It has a power amount calculation unit 64 that calculates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 from the characteristic value of the one determined to be. The effect on the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 is predominant in the electrode having the higher degree of deterioration among the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the secondary battery 2. Therefore, the estimation unit 62 calculates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 from the characteristic values of the electrodes that are determined by the deterioration degree determination unit 63 to have a high degree of deterioration in the electric energy calculation unit 64. The amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the next battery 2 can be estimated with high accuracy.

また、本実施形態では、推定部６２の推定結果を表示する推定結果表示部７０を有する。これにより、当該推定結果を容易に視認することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the estimation result display unit 70 for displaying the estimation result of the estimation unit 62 is provided. As a result, the estimation result can be easily visually recognized.

また、電池状態推定装置１と、電池状態推定装置１によって充放電可能な電力量が推定される二次電池２とを含む電源装置１００は、二次電池２がリチウムイオン二次電池であるとともに、比表面積が3.0m2/g以下である黒鉛を含む負極を有することが好ましく、1.0m2/g以下である黒鉛を含む負極を有することがより好ましい。これにより、電池状態推定装置１により二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量が高精度に推定される電源装置１００となる。 Further, in the power supply device 100 including the battery state estimation device 1 and the secondary battery 2 in which the amount of power that can be charged and discharged by the battery state estimation device 1 is estimated, the secondary battery 2 is a lithium ion secondary battery. It is preferable to have a negative electrode containing graphite having a specific surface area of 3.0 m 2 / g or less, and more preferably to have a negative electrode containing graphite having a specific surface area of 1.0 m 2 / g or less. As a result, the power supply device 100 is such that the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery 2 is estimated with high accuracy by the battery state estimation device 1.

本実施形態では、電源装置１００は、一つの二次電池２に一つの電池状態推定装置１が接続されているが、これに替えて、図６に示す変形形態１のように、電源装置１００において、複数の二次電池２が備えられて組電池２０を構成していてもよい。図６に示すように、変形形態１における電源装置１００は、組電池２０を備えるとともに、電池状態推定装置として、第１電池状態推定装置１１及び第２電池状態推定装置１２を備えている。第１電池状態推定装置１１及び第２電池状態推定装置１２は実施形態１における電池状態推定装置１と同一の構成を有する。組電池２０は、複数の二次電池２からなる第１電池群２１及び第２電池群２２を含んでいる。第１電池群２１では、複数の二次電池２が並列に接続された状態で第１電池状態推定装置１１に接続されている。また、第２電池群２２では、複数の二次電池２が並列に接続された状態で第２電池状態推定装置１２に接続されている。そして、第１電池状態推定装置１１及び第２電池状態推定装置１２は、第１電池群２１及び第２電池群２２ごとの使用履歴情報及び電池情報を取得するとともに、充放電可能な電力量を推定するように構成されている。 In the present embodiment, in the power supply device 100, one battery state estimation device 1 is connected to one secondary battery 2, but instead of this, as in the modified form 1 shown in FIG. 6, the power supply device 100 In the above, a plurality of secondary batteries 2 may be provided to form the assembled battery 20. As shown in FIG. 6, the power supply device 100 in the modified form 1 includes an assembled battery 20, and also includes a first battery state estimation device 11 and a second battery state estimation device 12 as battery state estimation devices. The first battery state estimation device 11 and the second battery state estimation device 12 have the same configuration as the battery state estimation device 1 in the first embodiment. The assembled battery 20 includes a first battery group 21 and a second battery group 22 composed of a plurality of secondary batteries 2. In the first battery group 21, a plurality of secondary batteries 2 are connected to the first battery state estimation device 11 in a state of being connected in parallel. Further, in the second battery group 22, a plurality of secondary batteries 2 are connected to the second battery state estimation device 12 in a state of being connected in parallel. Then, the first battery state estimation device 11 and the second battery state estimation device 12 acquire usage history information and battery information for each of the first battery group 21 and the second battery group 22, and determine the amount of power that can be charged and discharged. It is configured to estimate.

変形形態１における電源装置１００では、監視単位となる第１電池群２１及び第２電池群２２ごとに、充放電可能な電力量を高精度に推定するようにできる。これにより、多数の二次電池２を備える組電池２０において、二次電池２ごとに電池状態推定装置１を使用する場合に比べて電池状態推定装置１の使用数を減らすことができる。さらに、組電池２０が使用された環境や使用状況等による監視単位ごとの劣化のバラつきや偏りを考慮して組電池２０全体の充放電可能な電力量を高精度に推定することができる。 In the power supply device 100 in the modified form 1, the amount of power that can be charged and discharged can be estimated with high accuracy for each of the first battery group 21 and the second battery group 22 that are monitoring units. As a result, in the assembled battery 20 including a large number of secondary batteries 2, the number of used battery state estimation devices 1 can be reduced as compared with the case where the battery state estimation device 1 is used for each secondary battery 2. Further, the amount of power that can be charged and discharged of the entire assembled battery 20 can be estimated with high accuracy in consideration of the variation and bias of deterioration for each monitoring unit depending on the environment and usage conditions in which the assembled battery 20 is used.

なお、図７に示す変形形態２のように、組電池２０に一つの電池状態推定装置１を接続するようにしてもよい。変形形態２の場合には、電池状態推定装置１の使用数を一層減らすことができる。さらに、複数の二次電池２における充放電可能な電力量を個別に推定することや所定の監視単位ごとに推定することはできないが、組電池２０全体における充放電可能な電力量を高精度に推定することができる。 As in the modified form 2 shown in FIG. 7, one battery state estimation device 1 may be connected to the assembled battery 20. In the case of the modified form 2, the number of used battery state estimation devices 1 can be further reduced. Further, although it is not possible to individually estimate the chargeable and dischargeable electric energy of the plurality of secondary batteries 2 or estimate each predetermined monitoring unit, the chargeable and dischargeable electric energy of the entire assembled battery 20 can be estimated with high accuracy. Can be estimated.

なお、変形形態１及び変形形態２において、実施形態１の場合と同等の構成には同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する。 In the modified form 1 and the modified form 2, the same reference numerals are given to the configurations equivalent to those in the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted.

以上のごとく、本実施形態によれば、二次電池２の状態を高精度に推定することができる電池状態推定装置１及び電源装置１００が提供される。 As described above, according to the present embodiment, the battery state estimation device 1 and the power supply device 100 capable of estimating the state of the secondary battery 2 with high accuracy are provided.

本発明は上記実施形態及び変形形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の実施形態に適用することが可能である。例えば、実施形態１における電源装置１００において、電池状態推定装置１が報知部７を有していない構成としてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and modifications, and can be applied to various embodiments without departing from the gist thereof. For example, in the power supply device 100 according to the first embodiment, the battery state estimation device 1 may not have the notification unit 7.

１ 電池状態推定装置
２ 二次電池
４０ 電池情報取得部
４１ 履歴情報取得部
３０ 特性情報記憶部
６０ 特性情報抽出部
６１ 特性値算出部
６２ 推定部
６３ 劣化度判定部
６４ 電力量算出部
７０ 推定結果表示部
１００ 電源装置 1 Battery state estimation device 2 Secondary battery 40 Battery information acquisition unit 41 History information acquisition unit 30 Characteristic information storage unit 60 Characteristic information extraction unit 61 Characteristic value calculation unit 62 Estimate unit 63 Deterioration degree determination unit 64 Electric energy calculation unit 70 Estimate result Display 100 Power supply

Claims (5)

二次電池（２）における充放電可能な電力量を推定する電池状態推定装置（１）であって、
上記二次電池の電池情報を取得する電池情報取得部（４０）と、
上記二次電池の使用履歴情報を取得する履歴情報取得部（４１）と、
上記二次電池の電池情報と上記二次電池における正極の特性値及び負極の特性値との対応関係を示す正極特性情報及び負極特性情報がそれぞれ、上記二次電池の使用履歴情報と対応付けられて、予め記憶されている特性情報記憶部（３０）と、
上記履歴情報取得部により取得された上記使用履歴情報に対応する上記正極特性情報及び上記負極特性情報を上記特性情報記憶部から抽出する特性情報抽出部（６０）と、
上記電池情報取得部により取得された上記電池情報と、上記特性情報抽出部により抽出された上記正極特性情報及び上記負極特性情報とに基づいて、上記二次電池の動作範囲内において上記二次電池における正極の特性値及び負極の特性値をそれぞれ算出する特性値算出部（６１）と、
上記特性値算出部により算出された上記正極の特性値及び上記負極の特性値に基づいて、上記二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を推定する推定部（６２）と、
を有し、
上記推定部は、上記正極の特性値及び上記負極の特性値から上記正極及び上記負極のどちらが劣化度合いが高いか判定する劣化度判定部（６３）と、上記正極及び上記負極のうち劣化度合いが高いと判定された方の上記特性値から上記二次電池における充放電可能な電力量を算出する電力量算出部（６４）とを有する、電池状態推定装置。 A battery state estimation device (1) that estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery (2).
The battery information acquisition unit (40) that acquires the battery information of the secondary battery, and
The history information acquisition unit (41) that acquires the usage history information of the secondary battery, and
The positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information indicating the correspondence relationship between the battery information of the secondary battery and the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode in the secondary battery are associated with the usage history information of the secondary battery, respectively. The characteristic information storage unit (30) stored in advance and
A characteristic information extraction unit (60) that extracts the positive electrode characteristic information and the negative electrode characteristic information corresponding to the usage history information acquired by the history information acquisition unit from the characteristic information storage unit, and
Based on the battery information acquired by the battery information acquisition unit, the positive electrode characteristic information extracted by the characteristic information extraction unit, and the negative electrode characteristic information, the secondary battery is within the operating range of the secondary battery. The characteristic value calculation unit (61) for calculating the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode in
An estimation unit (62) that estimates the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery based on the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode calculated by the characteristic value calculation unit.
Have a,
The estimation unit includes a deterioration degree determination unit (63) for determining which of the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a higher degree of deterioration from the characteristic value of the positive electrode and the characteristic value of the negative electrode, and the degree of deterioration of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. A battery state estimation device having a power amount calculation unit (64) for calculating the amount of power that can be charged and discharged in the secondary battery from the characteristic value of the one determined to be higher . 上記推定部の推定結果を表示する推定結果表示部（７０）を有する、請求項１に記載の電池状態推定装置。 The battery state estimation device according to claim 1 , further comprising an estimation result display unit (70) for displaying the estimation result of the estimation unit. 請求項１又は２に記載の電池状態推定装置と、該電池状態推定装置によって充放電可能な電力量が推定される二次電池と、を含む電源装置（１００）であって、
上記二次電池はリチウムイオン二次電池であるとともに、比表面積が3.0m2/g以下である黒鉛を含む負極を有する、電源装置。 A power supply device (100) including the battery state estimation device according to claim 1 or 2 and a secondary battery in which the amount of power that can be charged and discharged by the battery state estimation device is estimated.
The secondary battery is a power supply device which is a lithium ion secondary battery and has a negative electrode containing graphite having a specific surface area of 3.0 m 2 / g or less. 上記二次電池は複数備えられて組電池（２０）を構成している、請求項３に記載の電源装置。 The power supply device according to claim 3 , wherein a plurality of the secondary batteries are provided to form an assembled battery (20). 上記組電池は、複数の上記二次電池からなる第１電池群（２１）と複数の上記二次電池からなる第２電池群（２２）とを含んでおり、上記電池状態推定装置として、上記第１電池群に接続された第１電池状態推定装置（１１）と、上記第２電池群に接続された第２電池状態推定装置（１２）とを有している、請求項４に記載の電源装置。 The assembled battery includes a first battery group (21) composed of the plurality of the secondary batteries and a second battery group (22) composed of the plurality of the secondary batteries, and the battery state estimation device is described as described above. The fourth aspect of claim 4 , further comprising a first battery state estimation device (11) connected to the first battery group and a second battery state estimation device (12) connected to the second battery group. Power supply.
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