JP6814584B2 - Pyrolysis system and pyrolysis method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method for obtaining a vaporized component as a fuel from a raw material which is a plant-derived biomass.

The technology of recycling waste into fuel has been known for a long time. If it is possible to turn waste that has no economic value or is costly to dispose of into an economically valuable fuel, it is of great significance in terms of the environment. And, in particular, the more the economic value of the fuel obtained from recycling exceeds the cost spent on recycling, or even if the latter exceeds the former, at least the smaller the difference, the easier it is to ensure the continuity of recycling. ..

The principle of the pyrolysis system to realize such recycling is not so complicated. Roughly speaking, by heating a recycled raw material, a vaporization component (for example, a hydrocarbon that is a gas at a high temperature and becomes a gas or a liquid at a normal temperature) is generated from the raw material by thermal decomposition, and the recovered vaporization is performed. It uses the ingredients as fuel.
On the other hand, various wastes have been proposed for such recycling (since such wastes are raw materials for vaporizing components that serve as fuel, they are referred to as "raw materials" in the present application).
Raw materials include, for example, resins as various wastes, disposable diapers, sludge and the like. In addition, plant-derived biomass also exists as a raw material. Examples of plant-derived biomass include vegetation. Although a large amount of vegetation is produced, it is generally discarded and it can be said that it has almost no economic value, so if fuel of economic value can be obtained from it, such Recycling can be very useful. From this point of view, the applicant of the present application focused on plant-derived biomass as a raw material for fuel conversion by recycling.

However, it has been found that when plant-derived biomass is used as a raw material and pyrolyzed to obtain a vaporized component, a certain problem is likely to occur as compared with the case where other substances are used as a raw material.
That is, char and tar are easily mixed in the vaporized component. Char is a biomass-derived ash that becomes a very fine solid and mixes with the vaporized components. Tar becomes a gas at high temperatures and is mixed with vaporized components, but when the temperature drops to some extent, it becomes a highly viscous liquid. Char and tar that cannot be completely removed from the vaporized component may adhere to the inner peripheral surface of the pipe carrying the vaporized component and cause a problem.
Therefore, when using plant-derived biomass as a raw material in the technology for converting raw materials into fuel, it is important to devise ways to remove char and tar later, but it is relatively difficult to remove tar. It is self-evident that it is better to suppress as much as possible.
If it becomes possible to suppress the generation of tar, the cost of removing tar from the vaporized component and the cost of removing tar adhering to some pipe can be suppressed, and the vaporized component using plant-derived biomass as a raw material. It becomes easier to guarantee the continuity of recycling to obtain.

An object of the present invention is to suppress the generation of tar in a technique for fueling a raw material using plant-derived biomass as a raw material.

In order to solve the above problems, the inventor of the present application proposes the following inventions.
The inventor of the present application proposes a supply device for supplying a raw material which is a plant-derived biomass, and one which is configured in a tubular shape and is placed horizontally, and the raw material is supplied from the supply device via the inside thereof. A case connected to the supply pipe at one end in the length direction thereof, a transport means for transporting the raw material supplied from the supply device from one end side to the other end side inside the case, and the transport means. It is provided with a heating means for heating the raw material conveyed by the above, and from the vaporization component discharge pipe for discharging the vaporization component generated from the raw material by being heated by the heating means, and from the raw material. The thermal decomposition device in which the solid component discharge pipe for discharging the generated solid component is connected to the other end of the case, and the vaporization component discharge pipe are connected to the thermal decomposition device, and the heat is connected through the vaporization component discharge pipe. A solid that is connected to the solid component discharge pipe and stores the solid component discharged from the thermal decomposition device via the solid component discharge pipe and the vaporization component storage tank that stores the vaporized component discharged from the decomposition device. It is a pyrolysis system equipped with a component storage tank. The pyrolysis system itself is not significantly different from the conventional pyrolysis system.
On the other hand, in the thermal decomposition system of the present application, the thermal decomposition device is provided with a thermometer for measuring the temperature inside the case, and the supply device has a temperature measured by the thermometer at a predetermined temperature. When the temperature drops below a certain first temperature, the supply of the raw material to the thermal decomposition apparatus is automatically stopped.
As described in the prior art, when a raw material which is a plant-derived biomass is heated to obtain a vaporized component as a fuel, tar is likely to be generated in a large amount. On the other hand, according to the research of the applicant of the present application, it was found that tar generation does not become excessive as long as the temperature inside the case where the raw material is heated is maintained at a certain temperature or higher. Therefore, in the pyrolysis system of the present application, the temperature inside the case of the pyrolysis device is measured with a thermometer, and when the temperature falls below the first temperature, which is a predetermined temperature, the raw material is automatically supplied to the pyrolysis device. I'm going to stop. As a result, by reducing the amount of the raw material in the case of the thermal decomposition apparatus, the temperature inside the case can be raised and the temperature can be maintained at a high temperature such that tar is not excessively generated. As a result, when this pyrolysis system is used, the generation of tar is suppressed when a vaporized component that becomes a fuel is obtained by heating the biomass derived from a plant as a raw material.

The supply device in the thermal decomposition system of the present application automatically starts supplying the raw material to the thermal decomposition device when the temperature measured by the thermometer rises above the second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature. It may be like this. As described above, the supply device in the pyrolysis system of the present application automatically stops the supply of raw materials to the pyrolysis device when the temperature measured by the thermometer falls below the first temperature, which is a predetermined temperature. It is designed to do. Here, if the temperature inside the case of the pyrolyzer rises due to the suspension of the supply of raw materials, excess tar will not be generated from the raw materials even if the raw materials are supplied to the case again, and the temperature inside the case will rise. If the tar has risen to a certain extent so as not to be excessively generated, it is possible to increase the amount of the vaporized component finally obtained by supplying the raw material to the pyrolysis apparatus again. In the above-mentioned invention, the supply of the raw material to the thermal decomposition apparatus is automatically started when the temperature inside the case rises above the second temperature, thereby preventing excessive generation of tar. At the same time, it is possible to increase the amount of vaporized components that are finally obtained.
Here, the first temperature and the second temperature may or may not be the same. The first temperature is the temperature at which the supply of the raw material to the thermal decomposition apparatus is stopped, and the second temperature is the temperature at which the supply of the raw material to the thermal decomposition apparatus is restarted. The timing to stop the supply may be slightly lower than the temperature at which tar is excessively generated when the temperature inside the case is lower than that temperature, or the temperature inside the case may be higher than that temperature, but the supply of the raw material to the thermal decomposition apparatus may be performed. The timing to restart is the temperature inside the case as soon as the supply of raw materials is restarted when the temperature inside the case is higher than the temperature at which tar is excessively generated when the temperature inside the case is lower than that temperature. There is a high possibility that the temperature will drop and the supply of raw materials into the case will have to be stopped again. Considering such a point, the second temperature, which is the threshold value for restarting the supply of the raw material to the pyrolysis apparatus, is slightly lower than the temperature at which tar is excessively generated when the temperature inside the case is lower than that temperature. It is preferable to have a margin of. From such a viewpoint, it is preferable that the first temperature is lower than the second temperature.
The first temperature can be selected from 650 ° C to 700 ° C. This is because the research of the inventor of the present application has clarified that the generation of char and tar can be suppressed by keeping the temperature of the raw material, which is a plant-derived biomass, higher than 650 ° C, preferably 700 ° C. In particular, the first temperature is preferably selected from the range of 690 ° C. to 700 ° C., so that the vaporization component can be stably and continuously generated from the raw material.
The second temperature can be selected from 700 ° C. to 800 ° C. The fact that the second temperature is 700 ° C means that the raw material is supplied into the case as soon as the temperature inside the case exceeds 700 ° C, but as soon as the temperature inside the case exceeds 700 ° C, it is supplied. When the raw material is supplied into the case, it is possible that the temperature inside the case falls below 700 ° C. and immediately deviates from the above-mentioned preferable thermal decomposition temperature of the raw material of 650 ° C. to 700 ° C. or higher. .. In order to prevent such a situation, it is preferable that the second temperature is within the above range with some allowance from 650 ° C. More preferably, the second temperature is preferably selected from the range of 750 ° C. ± 10 ° C.

The case may have a tubular shape that is placed horizontally. When such a case is adopted, the case has a cylindrical shape about an axis in a substantially horizontal direction, and the space inside the case is used as a transport means when rotated around the axis of the case. It may be assumed that a guide plate, which is a plate having a surface inclined with respect to the axis of the case, is provided so as to transport the raw material from one end side to the other end side of the case. .. Such a pyrolysis device is known as a device called a rotary kiln. The applicant of the present application has confirmed that it can be diverted to the thermal decomposition apparatus in the thermal decomposition system of the present application. The guide plate in this case may be fixed to the case. In that case, the guide plate rotates together with the rotating case. On the other hand, the guide plate does not have to be fixed to the case. In that case, the guide plate rotates independently of the case.
The guide plate may be any as long as the raw material can be moved from one end side to the other end side of the case, and the raw material is reciprocated and circulated between one end side and the other end side of the case. As a result, the raw material (and the char generated from it) may be finally transported to the other end side of the case.

In the thermal decomposition system of the present application, it is sufficient that the vaporized component is obtained and stored in the vaporized component storage tank. The stored vaporized components are used as fuel, but the purpose of use of the fuel does not matter. The fuel may or may not be used in the pyrolysis system of the present application.
The thermal decomposition system in the present application may include, for example, a generator that generates electricity using the vaporized component stored in the vaporized component storage tank as fuel. In this way, the pyrolysis system can generate electricity.

The inventor of the present application also provides the following method as a form of the present invention in order to solve the problems of the present application.
The method is a supply device for supplying a raw material which is a biomass derived from a plant, a supply pipe which is configured in a tubular shape and is horizontally placed, and a supply pipe for supplying the raw material from the supply device via the inside thereof and the supply pipe thereof. A case connected at one end in the length direction, a transport means for transporting the raw material supplied from the supply device from one end side to the other end side inside the case, and the transport means. A heating means for heating the raw material, a vaporization component discharge pipe for discharging the vaporized component generated from the raw material by being heated by the heating means, and a solid component generated from the raw material are provided. A thermal decomposition device in which a solid component discharge pipe for discharge is connected to the other end of the case and a vaporization component discharge pipe are connected and discharged from the thermal decomposition device via the vaporization component discharge pipe. A vaporization component storage tank for storing the vaporized component, a solid component storage tank connected to the solid component discharge pipe, and storing the solid component discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus via the solid component discharge pipe. It is a pyrolysis method performed in a pyrolysis system equipped with.
In this method, in the process of measuring the temperature inside the case with a thermometer, when the temperature measured by the thermometer becomes lower than the first temperature, which is a predetermined temperature, the supply device uses the thermal decomposition device. Includes a process of automatically shutting down the supply of said raw materials to.
In this method, when the temperature measured by the thermometer rises above the second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature, the supply device automatically starts supplying the raw material to the thermal decomposition device. May be further included.

The raw material used in the pyrolysis method of the present invention is plant-derived biomass as described above, but the raw material may include, for example, grass, wood, or both. Tar and fine powdered char are likely to occur, especially when the raw material contains grass. When the raw material contains grass, the effect of suppressing the generation of tar by appropriately controlling the temperature at which the raw material is heated becomes remarkable.

The block diagram which conceptually shows the whole structure of the thermal decomposition system by one Embodiment of this invention. The side sectional view showing the periphery of the pyrolysis apparatus included in the pyrolysis system shown in FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner. A side sectional view showing a modified example of the thermal decomposition apparatus shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows typically the case of the pyrolysis apparatus shown in FIG. 3 and the structure inside thereof. The graph which shows the thermal decomposition property of biomass.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram conceptually showing the overall configuration of the pyrolysis system according to this embodiment.
The pyrolysis system is configured around the pyrolysis device 1. Unless otherwise specified, all parts constituting the pyrolysis system are made of metal. The metal constituting the thermal decomposition system preferably has high heat resistance.

The thermal decomposition device 1 is for thermally decomposing a raw material described later to generate a vaporization component described later. As long as it is possible, the configuration of the pyrolysis apparatus 1 can follow the prior art.
The pyrolysis apparatus 1 is configured as shown in FIG. 2 in more detail, and the present embodiment employs a structure following a known rotary kiln, although the structure is not limited to this. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1.
The pyrolysis device 1 includes a case 11. The case 11 has a tubular shape. The case 11 is placed horizontally so that its axis is horizontal or substantially horizontal. The case 11 is not necessarily limited to this, but in this embodiment, the case 11 can rotate about an axis along the length direction thereof. The mechanism for rotating the case 11 will be described later.
The case 11 has a case body portion 11A having a constant thickness and a case small diameter portion 11B having a diameter smaller than that of the case body portion 11A and located on one end side (left side in FIG. 2) of the case 11 in the length direction. I have. Both the case body portion 11A and the case small diameter portion 11B have a cylindrical shape, and are not limited to this, but in this embodiment, both have a cylindrical shape and are coaxial. Further, the length of the case main body portion 11A is relatively longer than the length of the case small diameter portion 11B. As will be described later, the raw material is supplied from the inside of the case small diameter portion 11B to the inside of the case main body portion 11A. The supplied raw material is heated in the case main body 11A which is heated as described later to generate a vaporized component.

In the case 11, most of the portion near the center in the length direction is covered with the furnace cylinder 12. The furnace cylinder 12 is made of a heat-resistant material, for example, SS400 which is a steel material. The furnace cylinder 12 defines a high-temperature space for heating the case 11 while shielding heat from the outside. The furnace cylinder 12 is provided with a first opening 12A and a second opening 12B, both of which are openings. The first opening 12A is for introducing hot air (for example, a flame injected by a burner) into the space surrounded by the furnace cylinder 12, and the second opening 12B is from the space surrounded by the furnace cylinder 12. It is for exhausting the exhaust of. The space surrounded by the furnace cylinder 12 is heated by such hot air, whereby the inside of the case 11 particularly the case main body 11A is heated. Both the first opening 12A and the second opening 12B in this embodiment are cylindrical tubes, but this is not necessarily the case, and the positions where they are provided do not necessarily have to be as shown in the figure. More specifically, it is essential to heat the space surrounded by the furnace cylinder 12, but the means is not necessarily required to be hot air. For example, the inside of the furnace cylinder 12 surrounds the case body 11A. By providing an electric heater, it is possible to make appropriate changes such as heating the space inside the furnace cylinder 12.
Although not limited to this, the furnace cylinder 12 has a cylindrical shape having a diameter slightly larger than that of the case main body 11A of the case 11, and is coaxial with the case 11. Both one end side of the case small diameter portion 11B of the case 11 and the other end side of the case main body portion 11A are in a state of protruding from the furnace cylinder 12.

A first gear 11C, which is a gear that goes around the outer circumference of the furnace cylinder 12 of the case small diameter portion 11B, is provided. The first gear 11C is connected to a power device (not shown), meshes with a second gear 11C1 which is a gear rotated by the power generated by the power device, and rotates with the rotation of the second gear 11C1. It has become.
As a result, the first gear 11C is rotated by the power generated by the power device, and the entire case 11 including the case small diameter portion 11B to which the first gear 11C is fixed rotates about its axis.

In this embodiment, the raw material is heated by hot air while being conveyed in the case 11, more specifically in the case body 11A, from one end side to the other end side, so as to generate a vaporization component. .. That is, the case 11 in this embodiment is provided with a device for transporting the raw material from one end side to the other end side.
One of the ingenuity is the rotation of the case 11 described above. Another device is a guide plate 11D provided in the case body 11A of the case 11. The guide plate 11D is a spiral plate provided along the inner peripheral surface of the case main body 11A over substantially the entire length of the case main body 11A. The shape of the guide plate 11D is such that when the case 11 rotates, the raw material is conveyed from one end side to the other end side by the guide plate 11D. The guide plate 11D in this embodiment has a shape that rises by a predetermined height from the inner peripheral surface of the case main body 11A, and covers a certain range including the axis of the case 11 in the radial direction of the case main body 11A. The guide plate 11D does not exist. In this case, as the case 11 rotates, the guide plate 11D also rotates. Along with this, the raw material (and char) is pushed out from one end side to the other end side of the case 11 by the guide plate 11D.
However, it is sufficient that the guide plate 11D has a shape in which the raw material is conveyed from one end side to the other end side of the case 11 when the case 11 rotates, and the guide plate 11D is on the other end side of the case. The resulting raw material (and char) may in turn return to one end of the case, resulting in circulation of the raw material between one end and the other end of the case.
In order to realize such circulation of raw materials, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a length in the case main body 11A of the case 11 over a predetermined range excluding both ends in the axial direction of the case 11. A predetermined interval between a partition plate 11D1 having a width that passes through the axis of the case 11 and has a width substantially equal to the diameter of the inner circumference of the case 11 and a portion of the partition plate 11D1 excluding both ends in the length direction. It is a guide plate 11D which is a flat plate inclined with respect to the axis of the case 11 provided by. The outer circumference of the guide plate 11D is substantially along the inner peripheral surface of the case 11, but an appropriate gap is formed between the outer circumference of the guide plate 11D and the inner peripheral surface of the case 11. The partition plate 11D1 and the guide plate 11D are connected to a rotation shaft 11D2, which is a rod-shaped body that can rotate about the center in the length direction extending outside the case 11. It is designed so that it can rotate with the rotation of the rotating shaft 11D2 which is rotated by the power of the power device (not shown). Since the case 11 in this example does not need to rotate, the first gear 11C is not provided, and the second gear 11C1 that meshes with the first gear 11C is also omitted. In the thermal decomposition device 1 having such a guide plate 11D and a partition plate 11D1, when the guide plate 11D and the partition plate 11D1 rotate, the raw material scooped up by the guide plate 11D is the guide plate 11D, the outer circumference, and the case. It moves toward one end side or the other end side of the case 11 from the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the case 11. The direction of the movement case 11 in the length direction is opposite on both sides of the partition plate 11D1. As a result, in the case of this example, the raw material (and char) circulates in the case 11 so as to reciprocate in the length direction thereof.

Further, a circular hole 11E centered on the axis of the case body 11A is formed on the outermost end side of the case body 11A so as to leave a donut-shaped edge having a predetermined width around the edge. ..

A supply tank 2 is connected to one end side of the thermal decomposition device 1 via a supply pipe 2A. The supply tank 2 stores the raw material supplied to the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 via the supply pipe 2A. The raw material in this embodiment is plant-derived biomass, including, but not limited to, at least grass in this embodiment. In this embodiment, grass and wood are the raw materials, but not limited to this. Although not limited to this, the raw materials in this embodiment, which are grass and wood, are crushed to a size of about several mm to several several cm. The crushing of the raw material may be carried out in the supply tank 2 or in the stage before the supply tank 2 by providing a crusher (not shown) in the supply tank 2, or in advance somewhere outside the thermal decomposition system of this embodiment. The crushed raw material may be supplied to the supply tank 2, and the supply tank 2 may supply the pre-crushed raw material to the pyrolysis apparatus 1. Further, the raw material in this embodiment is preferably dried in order to reduce the water content. The raw material may be dried in the supply tank 2 or in the stage before the raw material tank 2.
The lower end of the supply pipe 2A is bent and inserted into the case small diameter portion 11B of the thermal decomposition device 1. Although not shown, the vaporization component generated in the case body 11A is between the outer surface of the portion of the supply pipe 2A inserted into the case small diameter portion 11B and the inner surface of the case small diameter portion 11B. However, an appropriate device (for example, a packing made of a heat-resistant material is bitten) is made so as not to leak out of the furnace cylinder 12 from the gap.
Inside the bent portion of the supply pipe 2A, a screw conveyor 2A1 which is a screw rotated by the power generated by the power device 2A2 is provided. As the screw conveyor 2A1 rotates according to the power generated by the power device 2A2, the raw material M that falls from the supply tank 2 through the vertical portion of the supply pipe 2A is transferred from the bent portion of the supply pipe 2A to the case. It is designed to be supplied to the inside of 11. Further, when the power device 2A2 stops generating power and the screw conveyor 2A1 stops rotating, the supply of raw materials from the supply tank 2 to the thermal decomposition device 1 is also stopped. In this embodiment, the combination of the supply tank 2 and the screw conveyor 2A1 corresponds to the supply device according to the present invention.

At the other end of the pyrolysis device 1, the vaporization component discharge pipe 1A for discharging the vaporized component generated in the case 11 of the thermal decomposition device 1 to the outside and the solid component generated in the case 11 are discharged to the outside. It is connected to the solid component discharge pipe 1B for the purpose.
More specifically, the portion of the other end side of the case body 11A of the case 11 included in the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 that protrudes from the furnace cylinder 12 has a cylindrical shape that wraps the portion of the case body 11A from the outside. It is covered with a connecting pipe 1C, which is a pipe of the above. The lower end of the vaporization component discharge pipe 1A described above is connected to the upper side of the connection pipe 1C, and the upper end of the solid component discharge pipe 1B described above is connected to the lower side of the connection pipe 1C. Between the inner surface of the connecting pipe 1C and the outer surface of the case main body 11A, the outer surface of the portion inserted into the case small diameter portion 11B of the supply pipe 2A and the inner surface of the case small diameter portion 11B. It is natural that a device for preventing the vaporization component from leaking to the outside to the furnace cylinder 12 similar to that provided between them may be provided.
The vaporized component generated in the case main body 11A reaches the vaporized component discharge pipe 1A from the hole 11E provided on the other end side of the case main body 11A, and goes to the outside of the case 11 via the vaporized component discharge pipe 1A. It is supposed to be guided.
On the other hand, the solid component generated in the case main body 11A falls downward in the solid component discharge pipe 1B from the one that has passed over the donut-shaped edge on the other end side of the case main body 11A. .. The solid component is, in short, a residue, the main component of which is the char produced as a result of heating the raw material. Further, when a metal or the like that does not decompose is mixed in the raw material, such a metal is also included in the solid component.
In addition, in order to facilitate the downward movement of the solid component in the solid component discharge pipe 1B, it is appropriate to provide a screw conveyor for forcibly moving the solid component downward in the solid component discharge pipe 1B. It is natural that you can make various efforts. A solid component storage tank 3 which is a tank for storing solid components is provided below the solid component discharge pipe 1B, and the solid components that have fallen in the solid component discharge pipe 1B are stored in the solid component storage tank 3. It has become like.

Although not necessarily limited to this, in this embodiment, a thermometer for measuring the temperature inside the case 11, more specifically, in this embodiment, inside the case main body 11A is provided. Although not shown, the thermometer is provided at the tip of a rod-shaped support rod 1D that penetrates the connection pipe 1C from the other end side. The information on the temperature inside the case main body 11A measured by the thermometer is used for controlling whether to supply the raw material from the supply tank 2 to the thermal decomposition device 1 or to stop the supply, as will be described later.
To make this possible, the temperature information measured by the thermometer is sent to the power unit 2A2, for example, in substantially real time or at predetermined time intervals (eg, every minute). The power unit 2A2, which receives the information by a computer of the power unit 2A2 (not shown), generates power or stops generating power by control based on the received information, and accordingly, described above. Rotate or stop the rotation of the screw conveyor 2A1. As described above, if the screw conveyor 2A1 is driven, the raw material is supplied to the pyrolysis device 1, and if the screw conveyor 2A1 is stopped, the supply of the raw material to the pyrolysis device 1 is stopped. It can be said that the information is effectively used for controlling whether to supply or stop the supply of the raw material to the pyrolysis apparatus 1. The conditions under which the power unit 2A2 rotates the screw conveyor 2A1 or stops the rotation will be described later.

The vaporization component discharge pipe 1A is finally connected to the vaporization component storage tank 4, which is a tank, and the vaporization component discharged from the thermal decomposition device 1 via the vaporization component discharge pipe 1A is finally connected to the vaporization component storage tank 4. It is designed to be stored in 4.
On the other hand, a wet scrubber 5 is provided in the middle of the vaporization component discharge pipe 1A. The wet scrubber 5 may be a known or well-known one, or a commercially available one. For example, an H tar liquid separation scrubber and a dry gas cleaning scrubber ™ manufactured by ThyssenKrupp Otto Co., Ltd. can be used as the wet scrubber 5.
The wet scrubber 5 is for separating the char and tar mixed in the vaporizing component from the vaporizing component by bringing the liquid circulating in the circulation tube 5A, which is a tube constituting the circulation system, into contact with the vaporizing component. Is. The liquid is, for example, water.
As described above, most of the char goes from the solid component discharge pipe 1B to the solid component storage tank 3 as a solid component, but a part of the char is mixed with the vaporized component. Further, when the raw material is heated, especially when the raw material contains grass, not only fine char but also tar is inevitably generated. Therefore, tar is mixed in the vaporized component although it is in a gaseous state at a high temperature. It is the role of the wet scrubber 5 to separate them from the vaporized components.
The liquid is, for example, sprayed from the upper part of the wet scrubber 5 into the wet scrubber 5 in a shower manner. As a result, the vaporized component and the liquid come into contact with each other, and the char and tar mixed in the vaporized component move to the liquid, so that they are separated from the vaporized component. The vaporized component that has just come out of the pyrolysis apparatus 1 has a high temperature, and the tar contained therein is also a gas, but when it comes into contact with the liquid, the temperature of the vaporized component is lowered, so that the liquid becomes a highly viscous liquid. Tar in such a state is trapped in the liquid and separated from the vaporized component.

Although not limited to this, a removing device 6 for separating char and tar transferred to the liquid circulating in the circulation pipe 5A from the liquid is provided in the middle of the circulation pipe 5A. The removal device 6 can be anything as long as it is possible, but in this embodiment it is a centrifuge.
As is well known, a centrifuge can separate a liquid from the char and tar contained therein due to the difference in specific gravity. The centrifuge may be a known or well-known centrifuge, or a commercially available one. For example, Tomoe Decanter PTM-300 ™ manufactured by Tomoe Engineering Co., Ltd. can be used as the removing device 6. The liquid separated from each other by the removing device 6 and the former of char and tar are returned to the circulation tube 5A and circulate again in the circulation tube 5A, and the latter of them is not returned to the circulation tube 5A and is centrifuged. It is discharged from the separator 6.
Further, although not shown, the circulation tube 5A is provided with a hole with a lid that can be opened and closed. The liquid in the circulation tube 5A can be replaced by making the hole.

As described above, the vaporized component is stored in the vaporized component storage tank 4. As a matter of course, it is possible to appropriately devise such as providing an appropriate facility for drying or cooling the vaporized component in front of the vaporized component storage tank 4.
As described above, the vaporized component stored in the vaporized component storage tank 4 has char and tar removed. The vaporized component stored in the vaporized component storage tank is a gas that can be used as a fuel, for example, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene, ethane, or a mixture thereof.
The vaporized component stored in the vaporized component storage tank 4 can be used outside the pyrolysis system by putting it in a portable container and taking it out, but in this embodiment, it is used inside the pyrolysis system. It is supposed to be. This thermal decomposition system includes, but is not limited to, a generator 7 connected to the vaporization component storage tank 4 by a connecting pipe 4A. The generator 7 generates electricity using the vaporized component sent from the vaporized component storage tank 4 via the connecting pipe 4A. As long as it is possible, the generator may be known or well-known, and may be commercially available.
The generator 7 includes, for example, a boiler and a turbine, and the water in the boiler is boiled by the heat obtained by burning the above-mentioned vaporization component as a fuel to generate steam, which is generated from the boiler. It is like generating electricity by turning a turbine with steam. In addition, the above-mentioned vaporization component used as a fuel may be used in combination (mixing, etc.) with another fuel such as heavy fuel oil A. An example of such a generator 7 is a known dual fuel diesel engine generator.
The vaporized component in the vaporized component storage tank 4 can also be used as fuel for a burner for generating hot air supplied into the furnace cylinder 12, for example.

Next, the usage and operation of this pyrolysis system will be described.
In order to obtain a vaporized component as fuel from a raw material using this pyrolysis system and to generate electricity, first, preheating of the pyrolysis device 1 in the pyrolysis system is performed. Specifically, hot air is supplied from the first opening 12A to the space inside the furnace cylinder 12. In this embodiment, the amount of heat supplied by hot air to the space inside the furnace cylinder 12 is substantially constant while the thermal decomposition system is being driven after the start of preheating.
When hot air is supplied to the space inside the furnace cylinder 12, the temperature inside the space inside the furnace cylinder 12 rises, and the temperature inside the case main body 11A mainly rises accordingly. The temperature inside the case body 11A at that time is measured by a thermometer. Although not limited to this, in this embodiment, the temperature information in the case main body 11A is sent from the thermometer to the power unit 2A2 every minute.
The power device 2A2 generates power on the condition that the temperature inside the case main body 11A exceeds the second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature, and starts rotating the screw conveyor 2A1. In this case, the second temperature, which is a reference for generating power in the power unit 2A2, is a temperature at which tar generation is suppressed when the raw material is heated, or a temperature higher than that. As shown in FIG. 5, if the heating temperature of the raw material is kept higher than about 650 ° C to 700 ° C, the generation of tar and char is clear, especially if the temperature is kept higher than 700 ° C. This second temperature is preferably selected from temperatures above 700 ° C. as it is suppressed. However, if the second temperature is set too high, it will be difficult to start (or restart) the supply of raw materials, and the heat resistance performance of the case 11 etc. is limited, so the second temperature is 700 ° C. It is good to choose from between ~ 800 ° C. Further, for example, if the second temperature is exactly 700 ° C., the temperature inside the case body 11A may drop to 700 ° C. or, in some cases, 650 ° C. immediately due to the supply of the raw material, so that the second temperature is slightly higher. For example, the temperature can be set to 750 ° C. ± 10 ° C., and is not limited to this, but is set to 750 ° C. in this embodiment.
The power device 2A2 in this embodiment stops the generation of power on the condition that the temperature inside the case main body 11A falls below the first temperature, which is a predetermined temperature, as will be described later. The first temperature in this case may be the same as the second temperature, but in this embodiment, the temperature is lower than the second temperature. As described above, if the heating temperature of the raw material is kept higher than about 650 ° C to 700 ° C, the first temperature is such that tar and char are generated, especially if the temperature is kept higher than 700 ° C. It is clearly suppressed, so it is better to choose between 650 ° C and 700 ° C. Although not necessarily limited to this, in this embodiment, the first temperature is selected from the range of 690 ° C to 700 ° C, and specifically, but not limited to this, in this embodiment, it is set to 750 ° C. ing. In this embodiment, the process of generating and stopping the power of the power device 2A2 that controls the start and stop of the rotation of the screw conveyor 2A1 is automatically performed based on the temperature information in the case main body 11A.
In any case, the power device 2A2 starts to generate power when the temperature inside the case main body 11A exceeds the second temperature. As a result, the screw conveyor 2A1 starts rotating. As shown in FIG. 2, the raw material M has fallen from the supply tank 2 in the vertical portion of the supply pipe 2A. When the screw conveyor 2A1 located at the bent portion of the supply pipe 2A starts to rotate, the raw material M starts to be supplied into the case main body 11A by the screw conveyor 2A1.

The operator starts the rotation of the case 11 at the same time as or before the supply of the raw material M to the case main body 11A is started. That is, the raw material M is supplied to the case main body 11A in the rotating case 11 which is also in the rotating state.
The raw material M supplied to the case main body 11A is heated while moving from one end side to the other end side of the case main body 11A in the rotating case main body 11A. In the case of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 2, the movement of the raw material M is realized by rotating the guide plate 11D together with the case 11. In the case of this example, as described above, the raw material M gradually moves from one end side to the other end side of the case body 11A as the case 11 rotates.
On the other hand, in the case of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the raw material M circulates between one end side and the other end side of the case 11 as the rotating shaft 11D2 rotates. .. In the case of the thermal decomposition apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the raw material M contained in the case 11 is dispersed and involved in the circulating raw material M which has already become hot, so that it is a solid mass. Since it is difficult to be liquefied and the temperature rises instantaneously, the liquefaction time is short in the process of generating the vaporized component, so that the liquefied substance on the inner surface of the case 11 is less likely to adhere.
In any case, the raw material M is heated during such movement. The heated raw material M produces a vaporized component. The vaporized component contains a flammable gas that serves as a fuel, and also contains tar that is in a gaseous state. In addition, the heated raw material M produces a solid component. Most of the solid components are char. Part of the char is mixed with the vaporized component.

While the raw material M is being heated in the case main body 11A, the temperature in the case main body 11A may be lower than the first temperature. In that case, the power unit 2A2 automatically stops the generation of power. As a result, the supply of the raw material M to the case main body 11A is stopped.
Even while the supply of the raw material M is stopped, the supply of hot air to the space inside the furnace cylinder 12 is continued, so that the temperature inside the case main body 11A gradually rises. When the temperature inside the case body 11A rises above the second temperature, the power unit 2A2 generates power again. As a result, the supply of the raw material M to the case main body 11A is restarted.
In addition, when the supply of the raw material M to the first case main body 11A is started, when the supply of the raw material M is restarted, and when the supply of the raw material M is stopped, the inertia of the power unit 2A2, the screw conveyor 2A1, etc. Based on this, it is possible that the temperature inside the case body 11A cannot be completely the same as the timing when the first temperature or the second temperature is straddled, but even if there is a slight difference between the two timings, If the deviation is, for example, about 1 minute, preferably within 30 seconds, the amount of tar generated will not be excessive.

The raw material M changes into a solid component while moving, and in the vicinity of the other end side of the case main body 11A, the whole thereof becomes a substantially solid component. Among the solid components, the one that reaches the farthest end side of the case main body 11A falls downward in the solid component discharge pipe 1B from the one that has passed over the donut-shaped edge around the circular hole 11E. The dropped solid component passes through the solid component discharge pipe 1B and reaches the solid component storage tank 3. The solid component accumulated in the solid component storage tank 3 is discarded at an appropriate timing, for example, at an appropriate time.

Further, the vaporized component goes out of the case main body 11A through the above-mentioned hole 11E of the case main body 11A and enters the vaporized component discharge pipe 1A. Then, it reaches the wet scrubber 5 in the middle of the vaporization component discharge pipe 1A.
In the wet scrubber 5, the vaporized component circulates in the circulation pipe 5 and comes into contact with the liquid that showers down from above the wet scrubber 5. The char, which is solid in the first place, is then transferred to a liquid and separated from the vaporized component. Further, tar, which is a gas when it reaches the wet scrubber 5, becomes a highly viscous liquid when it comes into contact with the liquid and is cooled, and is separated from the vaporized component by moving to the liquid.
This removes char and tar from the vaporized components.

The liquid containing char and tar separated from the vaporized component moves in the circulation pipe 5 and reaches the removal device 6 which is a centrifuge provided in the middle of the circulation pipe 5.
Here, the char and tar and the liquid are separated in the removing device 6 which is a centrifuge based on the difference in specific gravity. The separated liquid is returned to the circulation pipe 5 and circulates in the circulation pipe 5 again to reach the wet scrubber 5 again. On the other hand, the char and tar separated from the liquid are discharged to the outside from the removing device 6 and discarded without being returned to the circulation pipe 5.

The vaporized component from which char and tar have been removed by the wet scrubber 5 reaches the vaporized component storage tank 4 via the vaporized component discharge pipe 1A and is stored there.
The vaporized component stored in the vaporized component storage tank 4 is sent to the generator 7 by the connecting pipe 4A at an appropriate timing and used for power generation. The electric power generated by the generator 7 is appropriately used inside and outside the pyrolysis system.

The liquid in the circulation tube 5A is replaced with a new liquid by opening a hole with a lid that can be opened and closed at an appropriate timing.

1 Pyrolysis device 1A Vaporization component discharge pipe 1B Solid component discharge pipe 1C Connection pipe 2 Supply tank 2A1 Screw conveyor 2A2 Power unit 3 Solid component storage tank 4 Vaporization component storage tank 5 Wet scrubber 5A Circulation pipe 6 Removal device 7 Generator 11 case 11A Case body 11B Case small diameter 11D Guide plate 11D1 Partition plate 11D2 Rotating shaft 11E Hole

Claims (9)

A supply device that supplies raw materials that are plant-derived biomass,
It is configured in a tubular shape and is placed horizontally, and is connected to a supply pipe that supplies the raw material from the supply device via the inside thereof at one end in the length direction thereof, and inside the case. The heating means is provided with a transport means for transporting the raw material supplied from the supply device from one end side to the other end side, and a heating means for heating the raw material transported by the transport means. is connected the vaporized component discharge pipe for discharging the vaporized component generated from the raw material, and the other end of the solid component discharge pipe is the case for discharging the solid component generated from the raw material by being heated by There is a thermal decomposition device and
A vaporization component storage tank that is connected to the vaporization component discharge pipe and stores the vaporization component discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus via the vaporization component discharge pipe.
A solid component storage tank that is connected to the solid component discharge pipe and stores the solid component discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus via the solid component discharge pipe.
It is a pyrolysis system equipped with
The thermal decomposition device is provided with a thermometer for measuring the temperature inside the case, and is provided with a thermometer.
It said supply device, when the temperature of the thermometer is measured falls below the first temperature is a predetermined temperature, automatically with adapted to stop the supply of the feed to the pyrolysis apparatus ,
The first temperature is selected from the range of 650 ° C to 750 ° C.
Pyrolysis system. The supply device is adapted to automatically start supplying the raw material to the thermal decomposition device when the temperature measured by the thermometer rises above the second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature.
The thermal decomposition system according to claim 1. The second temperature is selected from the range of 700 ° C to 800 ° C.
The thermal decomposition system according to claim 2 . The first temperature is lower than the second temperature.
The thermal decomposition system according to any one of claims 2 to 3 . The case has a cylindrical shape with a substantially horizontal axis as an axis, and is rotatable around the axis. In addition, in the space inside the case, the raw material is placed at one end of the case when the case rotates. A spiral spiral plate shaped to transport from one side to the other end is attached in a fixed state to the case.
The transport means is configured by the cooperation of the rotatable case and the spiral plate.
The thermal decomposition system according to claim 1. A generator that generates electricity using the vaporized component stored in the vaporized component storage tank as fuel is provided.
The thermal decomposition system according to claim 1. A supply device that supplies raw materials that are plant-derived biomass,
It is configured in a tubular shape and is placed horizontally, and is connected to a supply pipe that supplies the raw material from the supply device via the inside thereof at one end in the length direction thereof, and inside the case. The heating means is provided with a transport means for transporting the raw material supplied from the supply device from one end side to the other end side, and a heating means for heating the raw material transported by the transport means. is connected the vaporized component discharge pipe for discharging the vaporized component generated from the raw material, and the other end of the solid component discharge pipe is the case for discharging the solid component generated from the raw material by being heated by There is a thermal decomposition device and
A vaporization component storage tank that is connected to the vaporization component discharge pipe and stores the vaporization component discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus via the vaporization component discharge pipe.
A solid component storage tank that is connected to the solid component discharge pipe and stores the solid component discharged from the thermal decomposition apparatus via the solid component discharge pipe.
Is a method performed in a pyrolysis system equipped with
The process of measuring the temperature inside the case with a thermometer,
A process in which the supply device automatically stops supplying the raw material to the thermal decomposition device when the temperature measured by the thermometer falls below the first temperature, which is a predetermined temperature.
With including,
The first temperature is selected from the range of 650 ° C to 750 ° C.
Pyrolysis method. A process in which the supply device automatically starts supplying the raw material to the thermal decomposition device when the temperature measured by the thermometer rises above a second temperature, which is a predetermined temperature.
Including,
The thermal decomposition method according to claim 7 . The raw material contains grass,
The thermal decomposition method according to claim 7 .