JP6835641B2 - As-built measurement method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a finished product measuring method using a total station.

When measuring the finished shape of a member, a method of measuring a target installed on the member by a total station or the like is generally adopted. If a target prism is used as such a target, the coordinates of the station can be easily measured. However, when light passes through the glass that constitutes the prism at the target prism, the speed of light is slower than in air. Therefore, the target prism is generally designed in consideration of the prism constant based on the refractive index of the prism, but there is still a possibility that a slight error may occur in the measured value of the measuring point.

On the other hand, as a method of non-contact measurement without using a target, there are a method of performing measurement based on an image taken by a camera, a method of using measurement data by a 3D scanner, and the like. However, the method using the captured image of the camera has a limit on the number of pixels of the camera, and there is a possibility that an error of about several millimeters may occur in the measurement of a large member. Further, since the 3D scanner measures by a mirror that mechanically rotates in a constant cycle, the point cloud is measured at a predetermined pitch. Therefore, there is a risk that the position of the measuring point set on the large member cannot be measured accurately.

Therefore, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, the applicant sets base points inside and outside the boundary line of the circle as a method of measuring the center point of the circle using a non-prism type total station. We disclose a method of extracting the boundary points on the boundary line of a circle by the dichotomy method using both base points and calculating the center coordinates of the circle by the minimum square method using the coordinates of multiple boundary points extracted by the same method. ing.

JP-A-2017-9557

In the measurement method of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to perform a large number of surveys in order to calculate the coordinates of one station, and the work takes time and effort. That is, in order to measure one station (center point of a circle), it is necessary to extract a large number of boundary points. To extract each boundary point, after measuring the two base points set inside and outside the circle, measure the midpoint of these base points, and measure the new midpoint with this midpoint and one base point as the new base point. Do it by the dichotomy method that repeats what you do. Therefore, it takes time and effort to calculate the coordinates of one station such as the center point of the circle. Similarly, when surveying the edge portion of a member or measuring a step boundary line or the like, it is necessary to repeat the survey many times, which takes time and effort.
From this point of view, it is an object of the present invention to propose a finished product measuring method capable of measuring a measuring point or the like with high accuracy more easily and earlier.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the as-built measurement method of the present invention is based on the work of installing a reflective sheet target so that the center point coincides with a survey point whose design coordinates are known, and the design coordinates of the survey point. , The work of setting a plurality of collimation points around the station, and the collimation direction of the total station are set to the collimation point, and the center point of the reflection sheet target is tracked and surveyed from the collimation point. It is characterized by including a work of acquiring a plurality of survey coordinate values and a work of calculating the center coordinate value of the reflection sheet target by the minimum square method using the plurality of survey coordinate values.

According to the finished product measuring method of the present invention, the coordinates of the measuring points are accurately calculated by measuring a relatively small number of collimation points (for example, about 4 to 6 points) for one measuring point. Therefore, the labor can be reduced as compared with the conventional method, and the time required for measurement can be significantly reduced.
If the center coordinate values of the reflective sheet targets installed at the plurality of stations set on the straight line are calculated, the linear equation of the straight line is calculated by the least squares method using the plurality of the center coordinate values. be able to. If the straight line is parallel to the boundary line where one surface of the member and the other surface intersect, the boundary line of the step formed on the surface of the member, etc., the position of the corner portion, the boundary line, etc. of the member is accurate. Can be calculated in.

According to the finished product measuring method of the present invention, it is possible to measure a measuring point or the like with high accuracy easily and quickly.

It is a perspective view for demonstrating the finished form measuring method of embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the finished form measuring method of 1st Embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the setting state of the collimation point. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the finished form measuring method of 2nd Embodiment.

<First Embodiment>
In the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a case where the finished shape of the concrete member 2 with chamfered corners is measured by the total station 1 will be described. In the present embodiment, the angle 23 (the boundary line where the upper surface 21 and the front surface 22 intersect) between the upper surface 21 (first surface) and the front surface 22 (second surface) of the concrete member 2 is measured. In the concrete member 2 of the present embodiment, the corners are rounded to form an inclined surface, but the shape of the corners is not limited, and for example, the concrete member 2 may be rounded in an arc shape. Further, in FIG. 1, the upper surface 21 and the front surface 22 each exhibit a horizontal surface and a vertical surface, but the angle of each surface of the concrete member 2 is not limited. For example, the top surface 21 and the front surface 22 may be inclined with respect to horizontal or vertical.

First, the two reference points P1 and P2 provided on the upper surface 21 of the concrete member 2 are measured. The two reference points P1 and P2 are measured by automatically measuring the prism target fixed to the upper surface 21 of the concrete member 2 by the total station 1. At this time, as the coordinate axis used for the survey, the first coordinate axis centered on the total station 1 is used. The installation positions of the reference points P1 and P2 are not limited. The measured values of the reference points P1 and P2 are transmitted to a computer (not shown).
When the computer receives the coordinates of the reference points P1 and P2, the computer sets a second coordinate axis with one reference point P1 as the center and a straight line connecting the two reference points P1 and P2 as the X-axis.

As shown in FIG. 2, the corner portion of the concrete member 2 is measured by using the first plate material 31 placed on the upper surface 21 of the concrete member 2 and the second plate material 32 attached to the front surface 22 of the concrete member 2. And do it. A part of the first plate material 31 projects forward from the front surface 22 of the concrete member 2, and the upper end of the second plate material 32 is in contact with the lower surface of the protruding portion of the first plate material 31. That is, the line of intersection between the lower surface of the first plate member 31 and the back surface of the second plate member 32 constitutes the corner 23 of the chamfered concrete member 2. The material constituting the first plate material 31 and the second plate material 32 is not limited, but a material having rigidity that does not bend due to its own weight is used. Further, the back surfaces (contact surface with the concrete member 2) of the first plate material 31 and the second plate material 32 have adhesiveness that can be attached to the concrete member 2 and peeled off from the concrete member 2. Is desirable.

A plurality of (four in this embodiment) reflective sheet targets 3 are installed on the second plate member 32. The plurality of reflective sheet targets 3 are set on a straight line (offset line 33) parallel to the upper end (upper side) of the second plate member 32. The separation distance (offset distance) between the upper end of the second plate member 32 and the offset line 33 is known. The distance between the reflective sheet targets 3 is also known. That is, if the first plate member 31 and the second plate member 32 are installed on the upper surface 21 and the front surface 22 of the concrete member 2, respectively, the design coordinates set on the front surface 22 of the concrete member 2 are reflected on a plurality of known station 4s. The reflective sheet target 3 is installed in a state where the center points of the sheet target 3 coincide with each other (a state in which the center point of the reflective sheet target 3 is located on the normal line of the front surface 22 passing through the station 4). The number of reflective sheet targets 3 set on the second plate member 32 is not limited.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the collimation point 5 is set. In the present embodiment, six collimation points 5 are set around each reflection sheet target 3 (each station 4). The collimation point 5 is set at a position deviated from the station 4 (the center point of the reflective sheet target 3). The number of collimation points 5 with respect to the station 4 is not limited, but it is desirable to set about 4 to 6 points. It is desirable that the plurality of collimation points 5 are arranged so as to surround the measurement points 4 and that the collimation points 5 are evenly spaced. In this way, if the station 4 is collimated from a plurality of directions using the plurality of collimation points 5, it is possible to reduce the error caused by the play and backlash of the total station 1, and the measurement is submillimeter or less. Can be performed with higher accuracy. The arrangement of the collimation points 5 is not limited. The collimation point 5 is set by the computer based on the design coordinates of the station 4 input to the computer.
Here, the collimation point 5 is a coordinate set based on the design coordinates of the station 4, and is used to set the direction of the total station 1 when measuring the reflection sheet target 3. That is, the collimation point 5 is a virtual point, and it is not necessary to actually provide a target or the like around the reflection sheet target 3.

Subsequently, the center coordinates of the reflective sheet target 3 are measured using the total station 1. First, the collimation direction of the total station 1 is set to the collimation point 5, and the survey is started. The total station 1 tracks and surveys the center point of the reflective sheet target 3 from the collimation point 5. The total station 1 automatically performs a tracking survey of the reflection sheet target 3 based on the data of the collimation point 5 transmitted from the computer. The measured survey coordinate values are sent to the computer. By performing the same operation using each collimation point 5, six survey coordinate values obtained by collimating from six directions are acquired.
Next, the center coordinate value of the reflection sheet target 3 (coordinate value of station 4) is calculated by the least squares method using the six survey coordinate values. The center coordinate value of the reflection sheet target 3 is calculated by the least squares method after projecting the survey coordinate value onto the XZ plane of the second coordinate axis and converting it into two-dimensional coordinates. The calculation of the center coordinate value of the reflective sheet target 3 is performed by a computer.
By repeating the same operation, the center coordinate value of each reflective sheet target 3 is calculated.

Subsequently, the linear equation of the offset line 33 (see FIG. 2) passing through each station 4 is calculated by the least squares method using the center coordinate values of the plurality of reflective sheet targets 3. The calculation of the linear equation is performed by a computer.
After calculating the linear equation of the offset line 33, the linear equation of the angle 23 of the concrete member 2 is calculated by using the linear equation and the offset distance. The completed shape of the concrete member 2 is confirmed by comparing the calculated value (measured value) of the calculated angle 23 with the design value.

As described above, according to the finished shape measurement method of the present embodiment, the coordinate values of the measurement points 4 can be accurately calculated by using the six collimation points 5, which requires a great deal of labor as compared with the conventional method. Can be reduced to. By measuring the straight line (offset line 33) offset from the corner 23 of the concrete member 2 quickly and accurately, the corner 23 of the concrete member 2 whose boundary line is unclear due to chamfering can be measured easily and with high accuracy. Can be done. Therefore, the time required for measuring the finished shape of the concrete member 2 can be significantly reduced.
Since the reflective sheet target 3 is used for the measurement of the concrete member 2, the error is smaller than that of the prism target, and high-precision measurement is possible.

In the present embodiment, the case of measuring the angle between the upper surface 21 and the front surface 22 of the concrete member 2 has been described, but the angle to be measured is not limited. For example, the corners of the side surface (first surface) and the front surface 22 (second surface) of the concrete member 2 or the corners of the bottom surface (first surface) and the front surface 22 (second surface) may be used. In this case, the measurement may be performed with the first plate material 31 attached to the first surface (side surface or bottom surface) and the second plate material 32 attached to the second surface (front surface 22).
Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the first plate material 31 and the second plate material 32 are individually attached to the first surface or the second surface has been described, but the first plate material 31 and the second plate material 32 are hinged. You may use the one connected via the jig of.
The jig attached to the first surface and the second surface is not limited to the plate material, and may be a sheet material.

<Second embodiment>
In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a case where the position of the bolt hole 24 formed in the front surface 22 of the concrete member 2 is measured by the total station 1 will be described. In the present embodiment, the case of measuring the position of the bolt hole 24 will be described, but the measurement target portion is not limited to the bolt hole 24. For example, it may be a simple hole or a depression (recess) having a flat inner surface.
First, the two reference points P1 and P2 provided on the upper surface 21 of the concrete member 2 are measured. The two reference points P1 and P2 are measured by automatically measuring the prism target fixed to the upper surface 21 of the concrete member 2 by the total station 1. After measuring the coordinates of the reference points P1 and P2, a coordinate axis is set with one reference point P1 as the center and a straight line connecting the two reference points P1 and P2 as the X-axis.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the bolt 34 in which the reflective sheet target 3 is installed is screwed into the bolt hole 24. The center of the reflective sheet target 3 coincides with the central axis of the bolt 34. The bolt 34 may be screwed into the bolt hole 24 before the measurement of the reference points P1 and P2. Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the bolt 34 is attached to the bolt hole 24 will be described, but as a member to be attached to the measurement target portion (bolt hole 24 or the like), the reflective sheet target 3 can be installed and is attached to the measurement target portion. If possible, it is not limited to the bolt 34, and may be, for example, a pin jig.
Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the collimation point 5 is set. In the present embodiment, six collimation points 5 are set around each reflection sheet target 3 (each station 4). Since the details of the collimation point 5 are the same as those shown in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Subsequently, the center coordinates of the reflective sheet target 3 are measured using the total station 1. Since the method of measuring the center coordinates of the reflective sheet target 3 is the same as the content shown in the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
Then, the center coordinate value (coordinate value of the station 4) of the reflection sheet target 3 is calculated by the least squares method using the plurality of survey coordinate values. The center coordinate value of the reflection sheet target 3 is calculated by the least squares method after projecting the survey coordinate value onto the XZ plane of the second coordinate axis and converting it into two-dimensional coordinates.

As described above, according to the finished shape measurement method of the present embodiment, the coordinate values of the measurement points 4 can be accurately calculated by using the six collimation points 5, which requires a great deal of labor as compared with the conventional method. Can be reduced to. By measuring the coordinate values of the plurality of bolt holes 24 formed on the same plane, it is possible to confirm the positional relationship between the bolt holes 24 and the flatness of the plane on which the bolt holes 24 are formed.
Since the reflective sheet target 3 is used for the measurement of the concrete member 2, the error is smaller than that of the prism target, and high-precision measurement is possible.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and each of the above-mentioned components can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
The object to be measured by the volume measuring method of the present embodiment is not limited to the concrete member.
Further, the volume measuring method is not limited to the measurement of the corner 23 of the object to be measured and the measurement of the position of the bolt hole 24, for example, the measurement of the edge of the object to be measured and the formation on the surface of the object to be measured. It can also be applied to check the boundary line of the stepped portion and the height of the stepped portion. That is, the edge and the boundary line of the member can be calculated by using the measurement of the offset line 33, and the height of the step can be confirmed by measuring two planes having different heights.
The coordinate axes used during the survey and the coordinate axes used to calculate the coordinate values are not limited.

1 Total station 2 Concrete structure (measurement object)
3 Reflective sheet target 4 Sokuten 5 Collimation point P1, P2 Reference point

Claims (3)

The work of installing the reflective sheet target so that the center point coincides with the station whose design coordinates are known,
The work of setting a plurality of collimation points around the station based on the design coordinates of the station, and
The work of setting the collimation direction of the total station to the collimation point, tracking the center point of the reflection sheet target from the collimation point, and acquiring a plurality of survey coordinate values.
A finished product measurement method comprising a work of calculating the center coordinate value of the reflection sheet target by a least squares method using a plurality of the survey coordinate values. The finished product measurement method according to claim 1, wherein a linear equation of a straight line is calculated by a least squares method using a plurality of the center coordinate values. The finished shape measurement method according to claim 2, wherein the straight line is parallel to a boundary line where one surface of the member on which the station is set intersects with the other surface.

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