JP6894791B2 - Excavator - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an excavator.

In the excavator used for the earth pressure shield method, a tubular outer shell called a skin plate, a partition wall provided inside the outer shell, a boom attached to the partition wall via a spherical bearing, and a boom. Some are provided with a cutter head provided at the tip of the shaft and a screw conveyor.

In the excavator configured in this way, the cutter head can be driven with the center of the spherical bearing as the center of rotation, so that the parts that cannot be cut can be reduced and an arbitrary cross section can be accommodated.

Further, in the excavator, the excavated soil generated when the face is cut by the cutter head accumulates between the partition wall and the face, so that the excavated soil is carried out to the rear by a screw conveyor (for example, Patent Documents). 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-193387

However, in a conventional excavator, even if the face is cut with a cutter head, the excavated soil may not be sent to the screw conveyor and the excavated soil may not be carried out well, so that the excavation must be interrupted.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator capable of smoothly carrying out excavated soil and capable of continuous excavation work.

In order to achieve the above object, the excavator of the present invention is provided with a boom that is rotationally driven in the circumferential direction and capable of swinging , a cutter head provided at the tip of the boom, and a boom adjacent to the cutter head. It is equipped with a spiral screw that transfers the excavated soil to the partition wall side, and an agitator that is provided adjacent to the screw on the base end side of the boom and kneads the excavated soil transferred by the screw.

In the excavator configured in this way, the excavator is sequentially sent to the agitator arranged on the rear side, which is the partition wall side, by a screw provided coaxially with the boom, kneaded and made into mud, and sequentially supplied to the agitator. It is transferred further backward by the excavated soil to be guided to the discharge port.

In addition to the multiple spokes in which the cutter head is provided radially from the boom to hold the bit that cuts the face, the excavator is a blade that extends from the rear end of the spoke to the partition wall side and transfers the excavated soil to the screw side. May be provided. According to the excavator configured in this way, since the excavated soil is transferred to the screw side by the blade excavated by the cutter head, the excavated soil does not stagnate around the cutter head, and the excavated soil can be transferred and kneaded more efficiently.

Further, the excavator may have a plurality of stirring rods in which the agitator extends radially to the boom, and each stirring rod may be arranged so as to spiral with respect to the boom in the axial direction and the radial direction. Therefore, in this excavator, the excavated soil transferred by the screw can be uniformly agitated and kneaded, and the boom is not given excessive resistance in the twisting direction.

Further, the excavator may have an outer diameter that increases as the screw moves from the front end side to the rear end side of the boom. In this case, even if the boom swings to the movement limit, the outer shell may be increased. Since it does not interfere with the boom, it is not necessary to perform troublesome position control of the boom, and it becomes easy to drive the boom when it swings.

According to the excavator of the present invention, the excavated soil can be smoothly carried out and the excavation work can be continuously performed.

It is a side view of the excavator in one embodiment. It is a front view of the excavator in one embodiment. It is a top view of the excavator in one embodiment. It is a rear view of the excavator in one embodiment.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the figure. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the excavator 1 according to the embodiment includes a boom 4 that is rotationally driven in the circumferential direction, and a cutter head 5, a screw 6, and an agitator 7 provided on the boom 4. Has been done.

Hereinafter, each part of the excavator 1 will be described in detail. The excavator 1 is provided with an outer shell 8 so as to be suitable for the shield method. In this example, the outer shell 8 has a rectangular cylinder shape in order to make the cutting cross section rectangular.

The outer shell 8 is provided with a partition wall 2 for partitioning the inside of the outer shell 8 into front and rear (left and right in FIG. 1), and the partition wall 2 excavates a face with the cutter head 5 between the face and the face on the cutter head 5 side. A mud-making chamber W is formed to convert the excavated soil generated at the time of the excavation into mud.

A discharge port 2a for discharging excavated soil is provided below the partition wall 2, and the tip of the screw conveyor 9 projects from the discharge port 2a into the mud-making chamber W. The screw conveyor 9 conveys the excavated soil in the mud making chamber W to the rear of the partition wall 2. The excavated soil conveyed by the screw conveyor 9 is further sent to the rear of the excavator 1 by a belt conveyor or the like (not shown), and is carried out of the mine by an appropriate means.

When the outer shell 8 is pushed forward with a shield jack (not shown) while the excavated soil is filled in the excavated soil W and the screw conveyor 9 between the partition wall 2 and the face, the excavated soil in the muddy soil chamber W is filled with mud. Pressure can be applied, and the face can be stabilized against the groundwater pressure and the earth pressure from the face side.

Further, the partition wall 2 is provided with a spherical bearing 3. The spherical bearing 3 includes an outer ring 3a provided in the center of the partition wall 2 and an inner ring 3b provided in the outer ring 3a. The outer ring 3a and the inner ring 3b are in spherical contact with each other, and a boom is formed in the inner ring 3b. 4 is inserted. In the boom 4, the tip side, which is the left end side in FIG. 1, extends into the mud-making chamber W, is held by the inner ring 3b, and is supported by the spherical bearing 3, so that the spherical surface of the inner ring 3b of the spherical bearing 3 is supported. It is possible to swing the tip around the center of curvature.

The boom 4 is rotatably mounted around the axis with respect to the inner ring 3b. Further, on the W side of the mud-making chamber W of the boom 4, a cutter head 5, a screw 6, and an agitator 7 as excavation portions are provided from the tip thereof, respectively.

On the other hand, the housing 10 of the cylinder as a protruding portion protrudes from the counterproductive mud chamber side, which is the rear end side of the inner ring 3b of the spherical bearing 3, and the boom 4 is rotationally driven around the axis in the housing 10. A motor M is provided. Although the motor M is an electric motor, it may be a hydraulic motor.

The cutter head 5 includes a plurality of spokes 5a whose base end is attached to the tip of the boom 4, an arcuate blade 5b extending from the tip of the spokes 5a, and a bit 5c held by the spokes 5a to cut a face. There is.

The spoke 5a has a base end attached to the tip of the boom 4, extends radially from the boom 4, and is inclined toward the partition wall 2. Further, a large number of bits 5c are mounted on the spokes 5a, and when the boom 4 is driven by the motor M, the spokes 5a also rotate so that the face can be cut by the bits 5c.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2, the blade 5b extends from the tip of each spoke 5a to the right in FIG. 2 while being inclined toward the partition wall 2, and from the tip of the bit holding portion 5d. It is provided with a tip portion 5e that curves and extends toward the boom 4. Further, the blade 5b is extended from the spokes 5a in an inclined posture with respect to the boom 4 as a whole, and when the boom 4 rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 2, the blade 5b functions like a screw. The excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 5 can be transferred to the partition wall 2 side. A plurality of bits 5c are attached to the bit holding portion 5d of the blade 5b, and it is possible to excavate the side of the cutter head 5 with the swinging motion of the boom 4.

The screw 6 is provided on the boom 4 adjacent to the cutter head 5, and is arranged between the cutter head 5 and the spherical bearing 3 with respect to the boom 4. Specifically, the screw 6 is composed of wings spirally attached around the two booms 4, and when the boom 4 is rotationally driven counterclockwise in FIG. 2, the excavated soil is boomed. It is designed to be transferred to the partition wall 2 side, which is the base end side of 4. Further, the outer diameter becomes larger from the left end side in FIG. 1 which is the tip side of the screw 6 toward the right end side in FIG. 1 which is the rear end side, and even if the boom 4 exhibits a swinging motion, the outer shell 8 is formed. It is designed not to interfere. In this example, the screw 6 is composed of two blades, but the number of blades can be changed to suit the quality of the excavated soil.

The agitator 7 is provided adjacent to the screw 6 on the right side in FIG. 1 which is the base end side of the boom 4, and is arranged between the screw 6 and the spherical bearing 3 with respect to the boom 4. Specifically, the agitator 7 includes a plurality of stirring rods 7a and 7b extending in the radial direction on the boom 4. In this example, two stirring rods 7a and 7b are provided at four locations shifted in the axial direction of the boom 4, and the stirring rods 7a and 7b arranged on the same circumference are 135 degrees. It is attached to the boom 4 with a phase difference. The stirring rods 7a arranged so as to be displaced in the axial direction on the boom 4 are assembled, and are arranged so as to draw a spiral by being displaced in the axial direction and the radial direction with respect to the boom 4. That is, each stirring rod 7a is provided with a phase difference of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boom 4 from the front end side to the rear end side of the boom 4, and is arranged like a tread plate of a spiral staircase. There is. Further, the stirring rods 7b arranged so as to be displaced in the axial direction on the boom 4 are also formed, and are arranged so as to draw a spiral by being displaced in the axial direction and the radial direction with respect to the boom 4. That is, each stirring rod 7b is also provided with a phase difference of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the boom 4 from the front end side to the rear end side of the boom 4, like the stirring rod 7a, and is a spiral staircase. It is arranged like a tread board. The stirring rods 7a and 7b may be arranged so as to follow the extension line of the spiral of the screw 6.

Then, when the boom 4 is rotationally driven, the agitator 7 kneads the excavated soil and the mud-producing soil material to be put into the mud-producing soil chamber W to give the excavated soil water impermeability and plastic fluidity. The stirring rods 7a and 7b are arranged so as to draw two spirals, but may be provided so as to draw one or three or more spirals. Further, the shapes of the stirring rods 7a and 7b are arbitrary, and may be a paddle shape having wings at the tip.

Subsequently, hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, and 13 for driving the tip of the boom 4 up, down, left, and right in FIG. 2 are provided behind the partition wall 2 of the outer shell 8. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hydraulic cylinder 11 is provided with ball joints at both ends and is attached between the side wall of the outer shell 8 and the center of the rear end of the housing 10. The rear end can be displaced in the left-right direction in FIG. When the housing 10 is displaced in the left-right direction in FIG. 4 by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 11, the boom 4 protruding to the opposite side of the spherical bearing 3 is displaced in the left-right direction in FIG. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hydraulic cylinder 12 is provided with ball joints at both ends, and is formed between the lower left corner of the outer shell 8 in FIG. 4 and the left wall in FIG. 4 behind the housing 10. It is installed in between. Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hydraulic cylinder 13 is provided with ball joints at both ends, and is between the lower right corner of FIG. 4 of the outer shell 8 and the right wall of FIG. 4 behind the housing 10. It is attached to. Therefore, the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13 can displace the rear end of the housing 10 in the vertical direction in FIG. 4 by expanding and contracting. When the housing 10 is displaced in the vertical direction in FIG. 4 by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13, the boom 4 projecting to the opposite side of the spherical bearing 3 is displaced in the vertical direction in FIG. Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, and 13 are expanded and contracted, the cutter head 5 can be displaced vertically and horizontally in FIG. One of the hydraulic cylinders 12 and 13 may be omitted. Further, as for the drive of the boom 4, since it is sufficient that the boom 4 can be driven with two degrees of freedom, the drive direction of the boom 4 of the hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, and 13 is not limited to up, down, left, and right. Further, the drive unit may be composed of other actuators such as an electric cylinder in addition to the hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, and 13.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the rear end of the housing 10 is surrounded by a boom guide 14 composed of a square frame installed in the outer shell 8. Specifically, the boom guide 14 has a square frame shape and is attached to the outer shell 8, and the rear end of the housing 10 is inserted inward. A plurality of guide rollers 15 as guide members are attached to the upper and lower walls on the rear end side of the housing 10 and the left and right side walls, respectively. Each guide roller 15 includes a bracket 15a attached to the housing 10 and a roller 15b rotatably attached to the tip of the bracket 15a. The guide roller 15 is attached obliquely to the housing 10, and when the housing 10 swings to the movement limit, the roller 15b comes into contact with the inner wall of the boom guide 14 at a right angle. In this way, the guide roller 15 abuts the roller 15b on the inner wall of the boom guide 14 to regulate the movement limit of the boom 4, so that the guide roller 15 can move in the movable direction even when it abuts on the boom guide 14. Can move smoothly. For example, even when the rear end of the housing 10 moves downward and the lower guide roller 15 comes into contact with the inner wall of the bottom of the boom guide 14, the boom 4 can be smoothly moved in the left-right direction in FIG.

Although not shown, the expansion and contraction drive of the hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, and 13 is performed by a controller that controls a hydraulic circuit unit including a hydraulic pump, a switching valve for switching the expansion and contraction direction, and a control valve for adjusting thrust. However, since the movement limit of the cutter head 5 is regulated by the boom guide 14 and the guide roller 15, it is not necessary to perform complicated position control of the cutter head 5 on the controller side. In the controller, if any of the guide rollers 15 installed on the four sides of the housing 10 is in contact with the boom guide 14 and the cutter head 5 is driven in a square shape as shown in FIG. 2, the cross section of the face is cross-sectioned. Can be excavated in a square shape. When the cutter head 5 is rotated, the excavation cross section D of the spokes 5a shows that the diameter and movement range of the cutter head 5 can be changed even if the cutter head 5 is moved in a square locus as described above. , It is set so that the center of the excavation cross section D can be excavated without fail. That is, in the controller, since the movement locus of the cutter head 5 can be guided by the boom guide 14 and the guide roller 15, it is not necessary to control the position of the cutter head 5. In the controller, for example, it is sufficient to monitor the pressure in the hydraulic cylinders 11, 12, and 13 to detect the contact between the boom guide 14 and the guide roller 15, and complicated position control is not required. Further, in this example, since the cross section of the face is a quadrangle, the shape of the boom guide 14 is also a quadrangle, but when the cross section of the face is another shape such as a triangle, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse, the boom guide The shape of 14 may also be a shape that matches the cross-sectional shape. Further, although the protruding portion is the housing 10 for accommodating the motor M in this example, a protruding portion other than the housing 10 may be used.

The guide member that contacts the boom guide 14 and regulates the movement limit of the boom 4 together with the boom guide 14 is not configured to include the roller 15b like the guide roller 15, but is in contact with, for example, the inner wall of the boom guide 14. May also be provided with a shoe that slides smoothly. However, if the guide roller 15 provided with the roller 15b is used, the cutter head 5 can be moved more smoothly.

Next, the operation of the excavator 1 configured in this way will be described. To excavate the face, the motor M is driven to rotate the boom 4 counterclockwise in FIG. 2, and the face is cut by the rotating cutter head 5. Then, when the cutter head 5 is driven so as to draw a square clockwise in FIG. 2 while the guide roller 15 is in contact with the boom guide 14, the face can be excavated in a substantially quadrangular shape as shown in the excavation cross section D shown in FIG. .. In this example, the bit 5c is also attached to the bit holding portion 5d of the blade 5b of the cutter head 5, and the side of the cutter head 5 can also be excavated. It can be moved.

The excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 5 is transferred to the screw 6 side by being pushed toward the partition wall 2 side by the blade 5b of the rotating cutter head 5 functioning like a screw conveyor.

Further, the excavated soil transferred to the rear side on the partition wall 2 side by the blade 5b is further transferred to the agitator 7 side on the partition wall 2 side by the screw 6 rotationally driven together with the boom 4.

The excavated soil thus transferred to the area where the agitator 7 is provided is kneaded together with the mud-producing soil material by the agitator 7 and turned into mud to generate excavated soil having impermeable property and plastic fluidity. The stirring rods 7a and 7b do not necessarily have to be arranged so as to draw a spiral. In this example, since the stirring rods 7a and 7b in the agitator 7 are arranged in a spiral shape as described above, the excavated soil transferred by the screw 6 can be uniformly agitated and kneaded, and the boom 4 is formed. Do not give excessive twisting resistance.

When the screw conveyor 9 is rotationally driven, the excavated soil kneaded in this way is carried out from the muddy soil chamber W via the screw conveyor 9 from the discharge port 2a of the partition wall 2 and sent to the rear of the excavator 1.

In this way, the excavator 1 can excavate the cut cross section of the face into a substantially square shape, but the excavated soil excavated by the cutter head 5 is on the rear side which is on the partition wall 2 side by the screw 6 provided coaxially with the boom 4. It is sequentially sent to the agitator 7 arranged in the above, kneaded and made into muddy soil, and is further transferred rearward by the excavated soil sequentially supplied to the agitator 7 and guided to the discharge port 2a.

Therefore, according to the excavator 1 of the present invention, even if the face is continuously excavated, the excavated soil can be sequentially transferred and kneaded to become mud and smoothly carried out to the outside, so that the cutting work can be continuously performed.

Further, in the excavator 1 of this example, in addition to the plurality of spokes 5a in which the cutter head 5 is provided radially from the boom 4 to hold the bit 5c, the excavator 1 extends from the rear end of the spokes 5a toward the partition wall for excavation. It is provided with a blade 5b for transferring soil to the screw 6 side. In this way, since the excavated soil is transferred to the screw 6 side by the blade 5b excavated by the cutter head 5, the excavated soil does not stagnate around the cutter head 5, and the excavated soil can be transferred and kneaded more efficiently.

Further, in the excavator 1 of this example, the agitator 7 has a plurality of stirring rods 7a and 7b extending radially along the boom 4, and the stirring rods 7a and 7b are displaced axially and radially with respect to the boom 4. It is arranged so as to draw a spiral. Therefore, in the excavator 1 of this example, the excavated soil transferred by the screw 6 can be uniformly agitated and kneaded, and the boom 4 is not given excessive resistance in the twisting direction.

Further, in the excavator 1 of this example, the outer diameter becomes larger as the screw 6 moves from the front end side to the rear end side of the boom 4, and even if the boom 4 swings to the movement limit. Since it does not interfere with the outer shell 8, it is not necessary to perform troublesome position control of the boom 4, and it becomes easy to drive the boom 4 during the swinging motion.

Then, in the excavator 1, as described above, the cross-sectional shape that when excavating the tunnel face while restricting the movement limitation of the cutter head 5, desires working face in boom guide 14 provided on ambient of the housing 10 as the projecting portion Can be excavated at. Therefore, in the excavator 1 of the present invention, a sensor for detecting the position of the cutter head 5 is unnecessary, and the controller does not need to perform complicated control for controlling the position of the cutter head 5. Therefore, according to the excavator 1 of this example, complicated control is not required and the cost can be reduced.

Further, the excavator 1 of this example may be provided with a guide member provided in the housing 10 as a protruding portion and in contact with the boom guide 14 when the cutter head 5 is located at the movement limit. Good. In this way, the boom guide 14 and the housing 10 as the protruding portion do not come into direct contact with each other, and the movement of the cutter head 5 can be smoothly guided.

Further, in the case of the guide roller 15 having the roller 15b capable of contacting the guide member with the boom guide 14, as in the excavator 1 of this example, the cutter head 5 is guided to move more smoothly. The head 5 can be moved.

On more than, but the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail, without departing from the scope of the appended claims, modifications, variations, and changes are possible.

1 ... Excavator, 2 ... Bulkhead, 3 ... Spherical bearing, 4 ... Boom, 5 ... Cutter head, 5a ... Spoke, 5b ... Blade, 5c ... Bit , 6 ... Screw, 7 ... Agitator, 7a, 7b ... Stirring rod

Claims (3)

A boom that is rotationally driven in the circumferential direction and can swing
The cutter head provided at the tip of the boom and
A spiral screw provided on the boom adjacent to the cutter head to transfer excavated soil to the base end side of the boom.
It is provided with an agitator provided on the base end side of the boom adjacent to the screw and kneading the excavated soil transferred by the screw .
The agitator has a plurality of agitators extending radially along the boom.
An excavator characterized in that the plurality of agitating rods are arranged so as to form a spiral with the boom being displaced in the axial direction and the radial direction, respectively. A boom that is rotationally driven in the circumferential direction and can swing
The cutter head provided at the tip of the boom and
A spiral screw provided on the boom adjacent to the cutter head to transfer excavated soil to the base end side of the boom.
It is provided with an agitator provided on the base end side of the boom adjacent to the screw and kneading the excavated soil transferred by the screw.
The outer diameter of the screw becomes larger from the front end side to the rear end side of the boom.
An excavator characterized by that. The cutter head
A plurality of spokes radially provided from the boom and holding bits for cutting the face,
The excavator according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising a blade extending from the tip of the spoke and transferring the excavated soil to the screw side.

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