JP6900019B2 - Grinding method for polyhedral workpieces - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a grinding how polyhedral workpiece so as to perform the grinding (cutting, including polishing) to the side portions of the polyhedral workpiece such as hexahedral workpiece.

Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for reducing the waviness shape of the surface caused by the processing tool. In this technique, the surface of the work is ground multiple times with a rotary grindstone, and when grinding the same area, the grinding start position is changed so that undulations do not appear on the surface of the work. ..

JP-A-2002-66916

Therefore, with respect to the technique of Patent Document 1, the waviness of the surface of the work can be removed to improve the grinding accuracy, but the relationship between the side surfaces of the polyhedron work, for example, the squareness with respect to the adjacent side surface is made to appear with high accuracy, and the polyhedron It was not suitable for processing the entire work into the required shape with high accuracy. As described above, it is difficult to grind and form the side surface of the polyhedron with high accuracy in relation to the other side surface. In such grinding, a dedicated grinding machine is generally used, or a general-purpose grinding machine is used for precision. The work is tilted and chucked with a vise, or the tilt angle of the work is adjusted with a shim.

The dedicated grinding machine is expensive, and it is difficult to perform flexible operation such as performing processing other than the predetermined processing. On the other hand, it is difficult to set the workpiece to be chucked with a general-purpose grinding machine, and it is difficult to fix a large workpiece. Further, when adjusting the inclination angle of the work using a shim, it is necessary to adjust it in a minute unit (for example, in a micrometer unit), so that the work is troublesome and requires skill.

An object of the present invention, without or with dedicated grinder is to provide a grinding how polyhedral workpiece can be processed with high precision polyhedron workpiece to the desired shape.

In order to achieve the above object, in the method for grinding a polyhedron work of the present invention, a side surface portion located on the upper surface of the polyhedron work, which is a hexahedron work fixed to the horizontal upper surface of a reciprocating table, can be raised and lowered. This is a grinding method in which a rotary grindstone supported by an elevating body grinds a flat surface, and a side surface portion located on the upper surface of a polyhedron workpiece is ground by a grinding surface which is an outer peripheral surface of the rotary grindstone to serve as a first reference surface. The angle of the first reference plane with respect to the horizontal upper surface of the table, which is turned sideways by forming the side surface of the polyhedron work, is measured by a detection device supported by the elevating body and adjacent to the first reference plane. The angle of the side surface located on the upper surface of the polyhedron work is measured by the detection device, a virtual plane forming a right angle to the first reference plane is set, and the upper surface is formed so that the virtual plane appears as an actual side surface. The side surface as the second reference plane is formed by grinding the side surface portion located at, and the angles of the first and second reference planes with respect to the horizontal upper surface of the table turned sideways by tilting the polyhedron work are detected respectively. While measuring with the device, the angle of the side surface portion adjacent to the first and second reference planes and located on the upper surface of the polyhedron work is measured by the detection device to make a right angle to both the first and second reference planes. Set the virtual plane to be formed, grind the side surface part located on the upper surface so that the virtual plane appears as the actual side surface, and grind the three side surface parts adjacent to each other so that the virtual plane becomes the actual side surface. After that, the side surface portion on the opposite side of each ground side surface is ground so as to be parallel to the ground side surface.

According to the present invention, a high-precision polyhedron can be easily machined by setting a virtual plane based on the side surface of the polyhedral work and grinding the polyhedral work so that the virtual plane appears as another side surface.

According to the present invention, there is an effect that the polyhedral work can be easily processed into a required shape without using a dedicated grinding machine.

Side view of the grinding machine. The block diagram which shows the electrical composition of a grinding apparatus. The perspective view of the grinding part of a grinding apparatus. (A) is a perspective view showing a grinding state, and (b) is a perspective view showing another grinding state. Perspective view of the polyhedral work. A perspective view showing a virtual plane with respect to one reference plane. Side view showing a virtual plane. A perspective view showing a virtual plane with respect to two reference planes. The flowchart which shows the grinding procedure of a polyhedral workpiece. Side view showing a polyhedral work and a dressed rotary grindstone. Front view showing a polyhedral workpiece and a rotary grindstone.

Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a table 22 having a horizontal installation surface on the machine base 21 of the grinding machine is mounted by a motor 27 so as to be reciprocally movable in the X-axis direction (left-right direction). The polyhedron work 70 is fixed to the horizontal upper surface by using a fixing means such as a magnet chuck. A dresser 29 is installed at a corner of the table 22.

The polyhedral work 70 handled in the present embodiment is a hexahedron, and each side surface is formed by grinding so as to form a right angle to another adjacent side surface.
An elevating body 25 is provided above the table 22 so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) by the motor 26 and in the Z-axis direction (front-rear direction) by the motor 28. A rotary grindstone 24 rotated by a motor 23 is provided on the elevating body 25 so as to be able to move up and down in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction). The rotary grindstone 24 is located above the moving region of the table 22. Then, the upper surface of the polyhedral work 70 on the table 22 can be ground by the rotary grindstone 24. In this case, a ground surface having an arbitrary inclination angle can be formed on the polyhedral work 70 by combining the movements of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the three-axis directions at least in the two-axis directions.

In the present embodiment, a servomotor is used as the motors 26, 27, 28 for moving the rotary grindstone 24 in the three axial directions of the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.
Each of the motors 23, 26, 27, 28 is controlled by the control device 33. The storage unit 34 stores a program for operating the entire grinding device and temporary data. Then, the control device 33 controls the operation of each of the motors 23, 26, 27, 28 to execute surface grinding by the rotary grindstone 24 in each of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions.

The elevating body 25 is provided with a detection device 31, and the detector 32 of the detection device 31 can detect the position and inclination of the surface of the polyhedral work 70. The detected data is input to the control device 33. A display device that also serves as a touch panel as an input device 40 is installed in the vicinity of the machine base 21 of the grinding machine.

Next, the grinding method in the grinding machine configured as described above will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. This flowchart shows the execution procedure of the program stored in the storage unit 34 of the control device 33, and proceeds under the control of the control device 33. The grinding method of the present embodiment grinds the side surface portion of the polyhedral work 70, which is a hexahedral work as shown in FIG. 5, at right angles or parallel to the other side surfaces.

First, the operator sets the depth of cut for each side surface portion 701 to 706 of the polyhedral work 70 on the input device 40, and as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, six side surface portions of the polyhedral work 70. The polyhedral work 70 is set by the operator on the installation surface on the horizontal upper surface of the table 22 so that one of the side surface portions 701 faces upward. Then, the position and angle of the upward side surface portion 701 are detected and measured by the detector 32. The measurement result by the detector 32 is transferred to the control device 33, and the position and inclination of the side surface portion 701 are recognized by the control device 33. Further, in the case of measurement of the side surface portion 701, another side surface portion 702, etc., the side surface 71, etc. described later by the detector 32, it is necessary to measure at least two points of the surface to be measured, that is, the surface to be measured. It is preferable to measure three or more points.

Then, the side surface portion 701 of the upper surface of the polyhedral work 70 is horizontally ground so as to have a depth of cut set by the rotary grindstone 24 (S1 in FIG. 9). In the surface grinding of the side surface portion 701 and other side surface portions 702 and 703 described later, the set depth of cut can be obtained with reference to the highest measured position of the side surface portions 701, 702 and 703. It is to be ground. The side surface 71 formed by grinding the side surface portion 701 serves as the first reference surface.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the polyhedral work 70 is tilted so that the side surface 71 is turned sideways and faces the detector 32, and the position and inclination of the side surface 71 are measured and positioned on the upper surface. position and inclination way back side portion 702 is measured to be (S2 in FIG. 9). In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, the side surface portion 701 is installed so as to be on the rear side.

Next, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a virtual plane S1 representing a side surface 72 adjacent to and at a right angle to the side surface 71, which is the first reference surface, is calculated (S3 in FIG. 9). This virtual plane S1 is a plane having the upper side H1 of the side surface 71 as one side when the side surface portion 702 adjacent to the side surface 71 is ground according to the set depth of cut described above.

Next, the inclination angles of the virtual plane S1 calculated as described above in the X direction and the Z direction are determined (S4 in FIG. 9). Here, as shown in FIG. 10, when the virtual plane S1 is inclined in the Z direction, the rotary grindstone 24 faces the dresser 29 due to the movement of the table 22 and the rotary grindstone 24. Then, at that position, the rotary grindstone 24 is moved in the combined direction of the Z direction and the Y direction, and the grinding surface 241 of the rotary grindstone 24 is dressed so as to have an angle θ along the inclination angle θ. (S5 in FIG. 9). If the virtual plane S1 is not tilted in the Z direction, the process of S5 is not executed.

Then, while the table 22 is reciprocated in the X direction and the rotary grindstone 24 is sent to the side surface portion 702 in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the virtual plane S1 with respect to the side surface 71 is an actual plane. The side surface portion 702 is cut so as to be a certain side surface 72 (S6 in FIG. 9). In this case, when the virtual plane S1 is inclined in the X direction as shown in FIG. 11, the rotary grindstone 24 is moved in the combined direction of the X direction and the Y direction. In this way, the side surface 72 perpendicular to the first reference surface, which is the side surface 71, appears, and this side surface 72 becomes the second reference surface.

Then, the one side portion 703 of the two side portions 703 and 704 adjacent to the first reference plane and the second reference surface facing upward, therefore, the first, side 71 and 72 is a second reference plane transverse The positions and angles of the side surfaces 71 and 72 are measured, and the positions and angles of the upward side surface portions 703 are measured (S7 in FIG. 9). In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 4B, the side surface portion 701 is installed so as to be on the rear side in the same manner as described above. Then, based on the measurement result, as shown in FIG. 8, a virtual plane S2 forming a right angle to both the side surfaces 71 and 72, which are the first and second reference planes, is calculated (S8 in FIG. 9). That is, this virtual plane S2 is a plane having the upper sides H2 and H3 of the side surfaces 71 and 72 as one side when the side surface portion 703 is ground according to the set depth of cut described above.

Next, the inclination angles θ1 of the virtual plane S2 calculated as described above in the X direction and the Z direction are determined (S9 in FIG. 9). Here, when the virtual plane S2 is inclined in the Z direction, the rotary grindstone 24 faces the dresser 29, and in that state, is moved in the combined direction of the Z direction and the Y direction to grind the rotary grindstone 24. The surface 241 is dressed so as to have the inclination angle θ1 (S10 in FIG. 9). If the virtual plane S2 is not tilted in the Z direction, the process of S10 is not executed.

Then, the table 22 is reciprocated in the X direction and the rotary grindstone 24 is moved in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction so that the virtual plane S2 with respect to the side surfaces 71 and 72 becomes the side surface 73 which is the actual plane. While being fed, the side surface portion 703 is cut (S11 in FIG. 9). In this case, when the virtual plane S2 is inclined in the X direction as shown in FIG. 11, the rotary grindstone 24 is moved in the Y direction as it moves in the X direction. In this way, the first reference plane and the side surface 73 perpendicular to the second reference plane by the side surfaces 71 and 72 appear.

As described above, the side surface portions 701 to 703 are ground so that the three side surfaces 71, 72, and 73 are at right angles to each other. After that, the grinding surface 241 is corrected by the dressing by the dresser 29 so that the inclination angles θ and θ1 of the grinding surface 241 of the rotary grindstone 24 become zero.

After that, the polyhedral work 70 is installed on the horizontal installation surface of the table 22 so that the side surfaces 71, 72, 73 are sequentially on the lower side, and the side surface portions 704,705 on the opposite sides of the side surfaces 71, 72, 73. , 706 are ground parallel to the sides 71, 72, 73.

In this way, a hexahedron is formed in which each side surface is perpendicular to the other adjacent side surfaces.
Therefore, in the above embodiment, there are the following effects.

(1) Since it is sufficient to calculate the virtual planes S1 and S2, dress the grinding surface 241 of the rotary grindstone 24 as necessary so that the virtual planes S1 and S2 appear, and grind the rotary grindstone 24. A polyhedral workpiece 70 such as a hexahedron can be accurately and easily ground using a general-purpose grindstone.

(2) Since it is not necessary to add a new configuration for processing the polyhedral work 70 with high precision, it is possible to avoid complicating the structure of the grinding machine.
(3) Since it is not necessary to position the polyhedral work 70 using a vise or a shim, the setup before the start of machining becomes easy, and the cutting can be efficiently performed.

(4) Prior to grinding the side surface portions 701, 702, and 703, the grinding surface 241 of the rotary grindstone 24 is dressed along the virtual plane as necessary, so that the grinding surface 241 is in surface contact with the side surface portion. Can be made to. Therefore, uneven wear of the ground surface 241 can be avoided, and high-precision grinding can be performed.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be embodied in the following aspects.
-The polyhedron work is a hexahedron, but in the case of a long shape such as a square bar, it may not be necessary to grind both end faces in the length direction. In such a case, since it is sufficient to grind the four side surface portions excluding the both end surfaces with high accuracy, the work of setting a virtual plane with respect to the one side surface of the reference location and grinding may be performed once. The remaining two side surfaces may be ground parallel to the opposite side surface.

-Grinding polyhedral workpieces other than hexahedrons such as dodecahedrons.
-Grind at an angle other than grinding the side surface at right angles to other adjacent side surfaces.
-In the above embodiment, the depth of cut of each side surface portion of the polyhedral work 70 is set at the start of machining, but the depth of cut is set after grinding the side surface portion and before machining the next side surface portion.

-The measured amount of cut in the side surface is made to be obtained based on the highest position of the measurement part, but it is based on the lowest position or the intermediate position between the high position and the low position. To do.

-Use the grinding machine of the above embodiment as a measuring instrument for measuring the squareness of the side surface of the hexahedron.
-Set the virtual plane at an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to the reference plane, for example, 90.01 degrees. In this way, the angle of the side surface can be finely adjusted.

-The side surface of the polyhedral work 70 machined by a grinding machine other than the grinding machine of the embodiment or another machine tool is measured on the grinding machine of the embodiment to calculate a virtual plane.
-Use a linear motor instead of a servo motor as the motor.

22 ... table, 24 ... rotary grindstone, 31 ... detection device, 33 ... control device, 34 ... storage unit, 70 ... polyhedral work, 71 ... side surface, 72 ... side surface, 73 ... side surface, 241 ... grinding surface, 701 ... side surface part , 702 ... side surface, 703 ... side surface, 704 ... side surface, 705 ... side surface, 706 ... side surface, S1 ... virtual plane, S2 ... virtual plane.

Claims (2)

A grinding method in which a side surface portion located on the upper surface of a polyhedral work, which is a hexahedral work fixed to the horizontal upper surface of a table that can be reciprocated, is surface-ground with a rotary grindstone supported by a liftable elevating body.
The side surface portion located on the upper surface of the polyhedral work is ground by the grinding surface which is the outer peripheral surface of the rotary grindstone to form the side surface as the first reference surface.
The angle of the first reference plane with respect to the horizontal upper surface of the table that has been turned sideways by tilting the polyhedron work is measured by a detection device supported by the elevating body, and is adjacent to the first reference plane on the upper surface of the polyhedron work. The angle of the side surface portion to be located is measured by the detection device, a virtual plane forming a right angle to the first reference plane is set, and the side surface portion located on the upper surface is set so that the virtual plane appears as an actual side surface. By grinding, a side surface as a second reference plane is formed,
The angles of the first and second reference planes with respect to the horizontal upper surface of the table turned sideways by tilting the polyhedron work are measured by the detection device, respectively, and on the upper surface of the polyhedron work adjacent to the first and second reference planes. The angle of the side surface to be located is measured by the detection device, a virtual plane forming a right angle to both the first and second reference planes is set, and the virtual plane appears on the upper surface as an actual side surface. Grind the side where it is located and
A polyhedral workpiece that grinds three adjacent side surfaces so that the virtual plane becomes the actual side surface, and then grinds the opposite side surface of each ground side surface so that it is parallel to the ground side surface. Grinding method. When grinding to a virtual plane appears as an actual aspect the grinding before grinding surface wherein a peripheral surface of the rotating grinding wheel so that the angle along the angle of the virtual plane to dress the grinding surface wherein Item 2. The method for grinding a polyhedron workpiece according to Item 1.

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