JP6902241B2 - Charge presence altitude calculation system and charge presence altitude calculation device - Google Patents

Description

The present disclosure relates to a charge presence altitude calculation system and a charge presence altitude calculation device.

It is extremely important to elucidate the lightning discharge phenomenon itself in measures against lightning damage in social infrastructure such as electric power, communication, and railways. As described in Non-Patent Document 1, the altitude at which negative charges related to lightning strikes exist in a thundercloud is called the charge existence altitude, and the height is said to be the altitude at which the temperature reaches -10 ° C. There is. Further, as described in Non-Patent Document 2, for example, in summer, if the altitude is higher than 6000 m, the lightning strikes downward from the clouds to the ground, buildings, etc., and if it is 6000 m or less, It is said that it progresses upward from the ground and buildings.

At present, the altitude of -10 ° C, which is the altitude at which the charge exists, is often obtained by linear prediction from the designated pressure level data created from the high-level meteorological observation data published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, for example.

Science of Thunder, pp.91-92, University of Tokyo Press, 2009 T. Shindo, T. Miki, M. Saito, A. Asakawa, H. Motoyama, M. Ishii, H. Taguchi, A. Tajima: “Metrological Condition and Occurrence of Upward Lightning at High Structures”, IEEJ Trans. Power and Energy, Vol.135, No.6, pp.417-418 (2015)

However, there are only 16 meteorological offices nationwide that carry out high-rise meteorological observations, and the distance between the meteorological offices is several hundred kilometers. In addition, high-rise meteorological observations are usually performed only twice a day (9:00 and 21:00). For this reason, it cannot be denied that the accuracy of the altitude of -10 ° C may have decreased when the time has passed since the observation time or at a place away from the meteorological office where the high-rise meteorological observation is carried out. Therefore, if a method for obtaining the -10 ° C altitude (charge existence altitude) can be established without relying on the high-level observation data by the Japan Meteorological Agency, the highly accurate -10 ° C altitude (charge existence) can be established even in a place away from the high-level meteorological office. Altitude) can be calculated.
The present disclosure has been made in view of such a situation, and provides a technique for obtaining an altitude of −10 ° C. (charge existence altitude) more accurately.

In order to solve the above problems, the charge existence altitude calculation system according to the present disclosure observes the first return lightning stroke, and determines the latitude and longitude of the place where the first return lightning stroke occurs, the current wave height value of the first return lightning stroke, and so on. From the occurrence time of the first return lightning strike and the occurrence time of the preliminary breakdown pulse by detecting at least one lightning observation device and the preliminary breakdown pulse, the duration of the step triedo of the first return lightning stroke. It is provided with a lightning electric field waveform recording device that estimates and outputs a lightning stroke, and a charge presence altitude calculation device that calculates the charge presence altitude of the first return lightning stroke. Then, the charge existence altitude calculation device performs a process of acquiring the latitude and longitude of the place where the first return lightning strike occurs from the lightning observation device and the current wave height value of the first return lightning strike, and the first from the lightning electric field waveform recording device. The process of acquiring the duration of the step-trider of the return lightning strike, the process of acquiring the altitude of the first return lightning strike from the latitude and longitude by referring to the map information, the current wave height, the duration of the step-trider, and the altitude. Based on the first arithmetic expression for calculating the charge existence altitude from and, the process of calculating and outputting the charge existence altitude is executed.

Further features relating to this disclosure will become apparent from the description herein and the accompanying drawings. In addition, the aspects of the present disclosure are achieved and realized by the combination of elements and various elements, the detailed description below, and the aspects of the appended claims.
It should be understood that the description herein is merely a exemplary example and is not intended to limit the claims or applications of the present disclosure in any way.

According to the present disclosure, it becomes possible to obtain an altitude of -10 ° C more accurately.

It is a figure which shows the progress process of lightning. It is a figure which shows the example which estimates the duration of a step triader from the time interval between PBP and the first return lightning stroke. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the duration of a step triader and the current wave height value of the 1st return lightning stroke that follow with no difference in the ground clearance of a lightning strike point. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the traveling speed Vs of a step triader, and the estimated (observation) current wave height I of the subsequent first return lightning stroke. It is a figure which shows the schematic configuration example of the charge existence altitude calculation system 10 by embodiment of this disclosure. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the process until the charge existence altitude (-10 degreeC altitude H _{10) is calculated.} It is a flowchart for demonstrating the charge amount change calculation process.

This disclosure focuses on the fact that there is a strong correlation between the duration of the step triader and the current peak value of the first return lightning strike, and discusses the relationship between the progress speed of the step trieder and the current peak value of the first return lightning strike. Charges are present from the relationship between the progress rate of this step triader and the current peak value of the first return lightning strike and the calculation formula (distance of the discharge path / duration of the step trider) of the general step trider. The formula for calculating the altitude is specified, and the calculation of the charge existence altitude based on the formula is disclosed.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the attached drawings, functionally the same elements may be displayed with the same number. The accompanying drawings show specific embodiments and implementation examples in accordance with the principles of the present disclosure, but these are for the purpose of understanding the present disclosure and in order to interpret the present disclosure in a limited manner. Not used.

In this embodiment, the description is given in sufficient detail for those skilled in the art to implement the present disclosure, but other implementations and embodiments are also possible and do not deviate from the scope and spirit of the technical idea of the present disclosure. It is necessary to understand that it is possible to change the structure / structure and replace various elements. Therefore, the following description should not be construed as limited to this.

Further, as will be described later, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by software running on a general-purpose computer, or may be implemented by dedicated hardware or a combination of software and hardware.

In the following, each process in the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with an arithmetic unit, a processor (for example, a CPU, etc.) as the subject (acting subject), but each program may be the subject.

<Consideration of the relationship between the duration of the step triader and the observed current peak value of the first lightning strike>
As a result of diligent studies, the present inventors have found that there is a strong correlation between the duration of the step triader and the current peak value of the first lightning strike. Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given.

(I) Estimating the duration of the step tresser A general lightning observing device (lightning observing device installed in JLDN (Japan Lightning Detection Network)) detects a step tresser that normally has a current peak value of about 1 kA or less. That is difficult. Therefore, in order to estimate the duration of the step triader, the Preliminary Breakdown Pulse (hereinafter referred to as PBP, or preliminary break) that occurs before the progress of the step triader related to the first return lightning stroke from the lightning electric field waveform observed by the lightning electric field waveform recorder. (Sometimes called a down pulse), the time until the first return lightning stroke following the PBP occurs is measured, and this time is estimated as the duration of the step triader.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the progress process of lightning. In FIG. 1, the portion surrounded by the rectangle shows the duration of the step trider measured by the lightning field waveform recording device. In this way, the duration of the step triader corresponds to the time from the PBP to the occurrence of the first return lightning strike. The lightning electric field waveform recording device is "a lightning electric field waveform recording device using a retired lightning detection sensor" (written by Tomohiro Matsui and Koshi Michishita, 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan Power and Energy Division Conference, No.344 p.9 -2-7-9-2-8 (2015)) and "Characteristics of Preliminary Breakdown Pulse detected by JLDN in southern Hokkaido" (Tomohiro Matsui, Koshi Michishita, Shigeru Yokoyama, 2016 National Conference of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan) , No.7-137, pp.215 (March 2016)).

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of estimating the duration of the step triader from the time interval between the PBP and the first return lightning stroke. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the estimated time of the step trieder is the time when the first PBP pulse exceeds the threshold value (threshold value for distinguishing from noise: for example, ± 0.87 V / m). From to the start time of the first return lightning strike. The polarities in FIG. 2 are described in atmospheric electrical practice. Further, the first return lightning strike is specified by reading the time of the first return lightning strike from, for example, display software and collating it with the lightning discharge data observed by the lightning observation device (JLDN).

(Ii) Relationship between the duration of the negative step triader estimated from the observation data and the current wave height of the first return lightning stroke Even at the same location, there is a height difference in the distribution of -10 ° C altitude on the observed day. The altitude of the first return lightning strike point also differs depending on the day of observation. Since the duration of the step tresser is affected by the length of the discharge path, these altitude differences affect its accuracy when determining the relationship between the duration of the step tresser and the current peak of the subsequent first return lightning strike. It is considered that there is a possibility of giving.

Therefore, from the observation examples on the observation day when most of the observed lightning strikes fell on the sea, only the lightning strikes that fell on the sea were selected, and the duration of the step triader and the subsequent thunderstorm with no difference in the ground clearance of the lightning strike points. It is preferable to investigate the relationship with the current wave height of the one-return lightning stroke. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the duration of the step triader and the current peak value of the subsequent first return lightning stroke when there is no difference in the ground clearance of the lightning strike point. In this case, the correlation coefficient between the duration of the step trieder and the current peak value of the negative first lightning stroke observed by JLDN is calculated to be about 0.70, which shows that there is a strong correlation. The correlation coefficient is obtained by covariance ÷ (standard deviation of the duration of the step trieder x standard deviation of the current peak value of the negative first lightning strike).

From these facts, it can be understood that the difference in altitude of each lightning strike point affects the correlation between the duration of the step triader and the current wave height of the subsequent first return lightning stroke. Therefore, aerological observation date -10 ° C. altitude H ₁₀ in which is determined from the data of _JMA, Alt a high degree of lightning point, observation de by lightning field waveforms recording apparatus - the duration of Sutepputo reader estimated from data Ts Assuming that the distance of the discharge path is D ₁ and the progress speed of the step trieder is Vs, the distance D _{1 of the} discharge path can be expressed by the equation (1) and Vs can be expressed by the equation (2).
D ₁ = H _10- Alt ... (1)
Vs = D ₁ / Ts = (H _10- Alt) / Ts ... (2)

<Calculation of -10 ° C altitude based on the measured current peak value of the first return lightning stroke>
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the traveling speed Vs of the step triader and the estimated (observed) current wave height I of the subsequent first return lightning stroke. In order to generate the graph of FIG. 4, a negative step based on multiple observation results (for example, using the results obtained by observing accurate data that are not affected by altitude differences at an observatory near the sea). leader of the estimated duration Ts (see FIG. 2), - 10 ° C. _(values obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency observed data) altitude H _10, and development of Sutepputo reader altitude Alt into equation (2) of the first return stroke position Find the speed Vs. Then, the relationship between the progress speed Vs of the step trieder and the estimated current peak value I of the first return lightning stroke is plotted on the graph. In this way, the graph of FIG. 4 is generated.

The correlation coefficient shown in FIG. 4 is −0.751, and it can be seen that there is a strong negative correlation between the progress speed Vs of the step triader and the estimated current peak value I of the first return lightning stroke. Then, based on the graph of FIG. 4, assuming that the traveling speed of the step trieder is Vs and the estimated (observed) current peak value of the first return lightning stroke is I, it can be expressed as Vs = a × I + b. In this case, Vs and I can be approximated to the relationship shown in the equation (3). In the case of FIG. 4, b = 0.
Vs = -0.0768 x I x 10 ⁵ ... (3)

Here, the reason why the coefficient of the current wave height I is a negative value is that the estimated (observed) current wave height I is a negative electrode. From this, it can be seen that the larger the absolute value of the estimated current wave height of the negative first lightning strike, the faster the traveling speed of the downward negative step trieder associated therewith. Further, here, -0.0768 is adopted as the inclination, but the inclination that can be adopted is, for example, -0.84 or more and -0.024 or less , with the inclination of the straight line 41 as the upper limit and the inclination of the straight line 42 as the lower limit. It can be a value.
Further, Equation (4) holds the seek -10 ° C. altitude _{H 10} is a highly charge present from equation (2).
H ₁₀ = Vs × Ts + Alt
= −0.0768 × I × 10 ⁵ × Ts + Alt ・ ・ ・ (4)

<-10 ° C. calculating the amount of charge change in altitude _{H 10>}
The charge amount change ΔQ at -10 ° C altitude H _{10 (electric field existence altitude) can be obtained by substituting H 10} obtained by Eq. (4) into the following Eq. (5).
ΔQ = [2π × ε ₀ × D ₂ ³ × ΔE × {1 + (H ₁₀ / D ₂ ) ² } ^3/2 ] / H ₁₀
・ ・ ・ (5)

Here, D ₂ represents the horizontal distance between the charge center and the observation point, ΔE represents the electric field change, and H ₁₀ represents the charge existence altitude. D ₂ can be obtained from the position information of the observed lightning strike. Further, ΔE is a measured value of the electric field generated by the lightning discharge.

Thus, rather than -10 ° C. highly given by the Meteorological Agency, more accurate -10 ° C. it is possible to determine the amount of charge change ΔQ based on altitude H _10, the amount of energy lightning have more accurate You will be able to grasp.

<Configuration of charge presence altitude calculation system>
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration example of the charge presence altitude calculation system 10 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. The charge existence altitude calculation system 10 includes a lightning observation device (JLDN: Japanese Lightning Detection Network) 100, a lightning electric field waveform recording device 200, a lightning waveform storage device 300, a calculation device 400, and a map arranged at each observation point. It includes an information database (hereinafter, map information DB) 500 and a network 600 that connects the JLDN 100 and the arithmetic unit 400 so that they can communicate with each other.

The JLDN100 detects a lightning strike (first return lightning strike), acquires information on the latitude and longitude at which the first return lightning strike occurred, and the current wave height value of the first return lightning strike, and obtains an arithmetic unit via the network 600. Send to 400.

The lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 detects a lightning electric field signal (lightning waveform), and PBP (Preliminary Breakdown Pulse) that occurs in the thundercloud immediately before the step triader is generated (about 1 ms before) from the detected lightning waveform, and the first Identify the return lightning strike. Then, the lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 calculates the time from the PBP to the first return lightning strike from the occurrence time of the PBP and the occurrence time of the first return lightning strike, and sets this time as the duration of the step triader. The lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 transmits the estimated duration of the step-treader to the arithmetic unit 400, and further, for example, information on the observation site, information on the observation date and time, and information on the duration of the corresponding step-treader. , And the measured lightning waveform are stored in the lightning waveform storage device 300. Further, since the lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 includes a GPS option having a predetermined time accuracy (for example, 0.2 μsec), the lightning data observed by each lightning observation device (JLDN) 100 and the lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 are observed. -It is possible to collate with the saved waveform data.

The lightning waveform storage device 300 receives, for example, information on the observation site, information on the observation date and time, information on the duration of the corresponding step triader, and the measured lightning waveform from the lightning field waveform recording device 200. And retain this information. The lightning waveform storage device 300 may be configured to be included in the arithmetic unit 400 as one component.

The arithmetic unit 400 is composed of, for example, an ordinary computer, and inputs various data and a processor 401 that reads various programs from the program memory, expands them into the built-in memory (not shown), and executes the functions realized by the programs. An input / output device 402 for output, a communication device 403 for communicating various information with an external device, a memory 404 for storing data such as parameters, and a program memory 405 for storing various programs, for example, calculation. It is equipped with a storage device 406 for storing the result. Program memory 405 stores the charge present altitude calculation program 4051 for calculating the charge present altitude H _10, and the charge amount change calculation program 4052 for calculating a change in the charge amount based on the charge present altitude H _10, the ing. The input / output device 402 includes, for example, an input device such as a mouse, a keyboard, a touch panel, a switch, and a microphone, and an output device such as a display device and a speaker. Since the arithmetic unit 400 receives information such as the current wave height value and the duration of the step trieder and calculates the charge existence altitude based on the information, the arithmetic unit 400 may also be referred to as a charge existence altitude calculation device. It is possible.

The map information DB 500 is a database that stores map information of the whole of Japan or a predetermined area, and stores, for example, altitude information corresponding to the latitude and longitude information of the observation site. In FIG. 5, the map information DB 500 is drawn as a component different from the arithmetic unit 400, but the storage device 406 of the arithmetic unit 400 may be configured to include the map information.

<Charge presence altitude calculation process>
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining the process up to the calculation of the charge existence altitude (-10 ° C altitude H _10).

(I) Step 101
The observation device 100 in JLDN observes the first return lightning stroke and transmits the current wave height information of the first return lightning stroke and the latitude and longitude information of the place where the first return lightning stroke occurred to the arithmetic unit 400. ..

The arithmetic unit 400 uses the communication device 403 to receive the current wave height information of the first return lightning strike and the latitude and longitude information of the place where the first return lightning strike occurs from the observation device 100, and receives the memory 404. Alternatively, it is stored in the storage device 406.

(Ii) Step 102
Since the current peak value of the step triader is about 0.1 to 1 kA, it cannot be detected by the observation device 100 in a normal JLDN. Therefore, the lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 detects the PBP and the first return lightning strike that occur in the thundercloud immediately before the step triad occurs (about 1 msec before), and measures the time from the PBP to the first return lightning strike. The time from this PBP to the first return lightning strike is estimated as the duration of the step triader.

The lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 transmits information on the estimated duration of the step triader to the arithmetic unit 400 and stores it in the lightning waveform storage device 300. The lightning waveform storage device 300 accumulates and holds lightning waveforms (including PBP information, information on the first return lightning strike, and duration of the step triader) observed in the past at the same observation point.

In this embodiment, both the observation device 100 and the lightning field waveform recording device 200 in JLDN detect the first return lightning strike, but since both are equipped with GPS with a predetermined time accuracy, both are installed. The time difference can be obtained from the distance of the location and the speed of the light (lightning), and it is easy to identify the first return lightning strikes that correspond to each other. When only the observation device 100 detects the first return lightning strike, the observation device 100 and the lightning electric field waveform recording device 200 communicate with each other, and the detected first return lightning strike information is transmitted from the observation device 100 to the lightning electric field waveform recording device. It may be transmitted to 200.

The arithmetic unit 400 uses the communication device 403 to receive lightning data (duration of step trieder, information on first return lightning strike, etc.) from the lightning electric field waveform recording device 200, and stores it in the memory 404 or the storage device 406. ..

(Iii) Step 103
The arithmetic unit 400 acquires altitude information corresponding to the latitude and longitude information of the first return lightning strike occurrence position received from the observation device 100 from the map information DB 500. Although the arithmetic unit 400 is the main operating body here, the processing content may be described with the processor 401 as the main operating body.

(Iv) Step 104
The arithmetic unit 400 (processor 401) calculates the charge existence altitude (-10 ° C altitude H ₁₀ ) based on the equation (4) by using the acquired step tridder duration Ts and altitude Alt.

(V) Step 105
The arithmetic unit 400 (processor 401) outputs the calculated charge existence altitude (-10 ° C altitude H ₁₀ ) via, for example, the input / output device 402.

<Charge change calculation process>
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the charge amount change calculation process. Here, the operating subject is the arithmetic unit 400, but since it is the processor 401 that actually executes the charge amount change calculation program 4052, the operating subject may be the processor 401. In the present embodiment, the process according to the flowchart of FIG. 7 and the process according to the flowchart of FIG. 6 are described as independent, but the process of calculating the change in the amount of electric charge is executed in the flow of the process of FIG. The charge existence altitude (-10 ° C altitude H ₁₀ ) and the charge amount change may be output respectively.

(I) Step 201
The arithmetic unit 400 calculates the change in the amount of electric charge based on the equation (5) by using the altitude at which the electric charge exists (-10 ° C. altitude H _{10) calculated by the process of FIG.}

(Ii) Step 202
The arithmetic unit 400 outputs the change in the amount of electric charge calculated in step 201 via, for example, the input / output device 402.

In this way, by obtaining the charge amount change ΔQ and accumulating the charge amount change ΔQ corresponding to each observed lightning data, the electrical equipment, etc. currently defined in IEC / TR61400-24 (including wind power generation equipment). ) Can be judged to be appropriate.

<Summary>
The present disclosure can also be realized by a program code of software that realizes the functions of the embodiment. In this case, a storage medium in which the program code is recorded is provided to the system or device, and the computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or device reads the program code stored in the storage medium. In this case, the program code itself read from the storage medium realizes the function of the above-described embodiment, and the program code itself and the storage medium storing the program code itself constitute the present disclosure. Examples of the storage medium for supplying such a program code include a flexible disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a hard disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-R, a magnetic tape, a non-volatile memory card, and a ROM. Etc. are used.

Further, based on the instruction of the program code, the OS (operating system) or the like running on the computer performs a part or all of the actual processing, and the processing enables the functions of the above-described embodiment to be realized. You may. Further, after the program code read from the storage medium is written in the memory on the computer, the CPU of the computer or the like performs a part or all of the actual processing based on the instruction of the program code, and the processing is performed. May realize the function of the above-described embodiment.

Further, by distributing the program code of the software that realizes the functions of the embodiment via the network, it is distributed as a storage means such as a hard disk or a memory of a system or an apparatus or a storage medium such as a CD-RW or a CD-R. The computer (or CPU or MPU) of the system or device may read and execute the program code stored in the storage means or the storage medium at the time of use.

Finally, the processes and techniques described herein are not essentially associated with any particular device and can be implemented with any suitable combination of components. In addition, various types of devices for general purpose can be used according to the methods described herein. It may be beneficial to build a dedicated device to perform the steps of the method described here. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining the plurality of components disclosed in the embodiments. For example, some components may be removed from all the components shown in the embodiments. In addition, components across different embodiments may be combined as appropriate. The present disclosure has been described in connection with specific examples, but these are for illustration purposes only, not for limitation in all respects. Those skilled in the art will find that there are numerous combinations of hardware, software, and firmware suitable for implementing this disclosure. For example, the described software can be implemented in a wide range of programs or scripting languages such as assembler, C / C ++, perl, Shell, PHP, Java®.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the control lines and information lines are shown as necessary for explanation, and the product does not necessarily show all the control lines and information lines. All configurations may be interconnected.

In addition, to those with ordinary knowledge of the art, other implementations of the present disclosure will become apparent from the discussion of the specification and embodiments disclosed herein. The various aspects and / or components of the described embodiments can be used alone or in any combination.

10 Charge presence altitude calculation system 100 Lightning observation device (JLDN)
200 Lightning field waveform recording device 300 Lightning waveform storage device 400 Arithmetic logic unit 401 Processor 402 Input / output device 403 Communication device 404 Memory 405 Program memory 406 Storage device 500 Map information database 600 Network

Claims (6)

Based on data obtained by observing the first return stroke of lightning, a said first return stroke charge present altitude calculation system for calculating and outputting a charge presence altitude,
At least one lightning observation device that observes the first return lightning strike and outputs the latitude and longitude of the place where the first return lightning strike occurs and the current peak value of the first return lightning strike.
The lightning field waveform that detects the preliminary breakdown pulse, estimates the duration of the step trieder of the first return lightning strike from the occurrence time of the first return lightning strike and the generation time of the preliminary breakdown pulse, and outputs it. Recording device and
A charge existence altitude calculation device for calculating the charge existence altitude of the first return lightning stroke is provided.
The charge presence altitude arithmetic unit is
A process of acquiring the latitude and longitude of the place where the first return lightning strike occurs and the current wave height value of the first return lightning stroke from the lightning observation device.
The process of acquiring the duration of the step trieder of the first return lightning stroke from the lightning field waveform recording device, and
The process of acquiring the altitude of the first return lightning stroke from the latitude and longitude with reference to the map information,
A process of calculating and outputting the charge existence altitude of the first return lightning strike based on the first calculation formula for calculating the charge existence altitude from the current wave height value, the duration of the step triader, and the altitude. And, the charge existence altitude calculation system that executes. In claim 1,
The current peak value I, Ts the duration of the Sutepputo reader, the altitude Alt, when the slope coefficients a, high charge presence of the first return stroke to H _10, the first arithmetic expression,
H ₁₀ = a × I × 10 ⁵ × Ts + Alt
Represented by
The charge existence altitude calculation system, wherein the inclination coefficient a is −0.84 or more and −0.024 or less. In claim 1 or 2,
The charge present altitude computation device further first feedback charge exists with a high degree of lightning the calculated, based on a second operation expression showing the relationship between the amount of charge change altitude charges presence of the first return stroke A charge existence altitude calculation system that calculates and outputs the change in the amount of electric charge. In claim 3,
ΔQ said charge quantity change, the electric field changes Delta] E, when the horizontal distance between the observation point and the charge centers D, and advanced charges presence of the first return stroke to H _10, the second arithmetic expression,
ΔQ = [2π × ε ₀ × D ³ × ΔE × {1+ (H ₁₀ / D) ² } ^3/2 ] / H ₁₀
Charge presence altitude calculation system represented by. Based on data obtained by observing the first return stroke of lightning, an electric charge present altitude calculation device which calculates and outputs the high charges presence of the first return stroke,
Lightning observation device, and latitude and longitude of place of occurrence of the first return stroke, receive, and current peak value of the first return stroke, the lightning field waveforms recording apparatus, and the occurrence time of the first return stroke A communication device that receives the duration of the step triad of the first return lightning strike estimated from the time of occurrence of the detected preliminary breakdown pulse, and
It is equipped with a processor that executes a charge existence altitude calculation program and calculates the charge existence altitude of the first return lightning stroke.
The processor
The process of acquiring the altitude of the first return lightning stroke from the latitude and longitude with reference to the map information,
Calculating said current peak value, and the duration of the Sutepputo reader, on the basis of the altitude to the first arithmetic expression for calculating the altitude charges presence of the first return stroke, the high charges presence of the first return stroke A charge presence altitude calculation device that executes the processing and output processing. In claim 5,
The current peak value I, Ts the duration of the Sutepputo reader, the altitude Alt, when the slope coefficients a, high charge presence of the first return stroke to H _10, the first arithmetic expression,
H ₁₀ = a × I × 10 ⁵ × Ts + Alt
Represented by
The charge existence altitude calculation device having the inclination coefficient a of −0.84 or more and −0.024 or less.

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