JP6932161B2 - ポリマー変性ケイ素−炭素複合材料及びその使用 - Google Patents
ポリマー変性ケイ素−炭素複合材料及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6932161B2 JP6932161B2 JP2019141174A JP2019141174A JP6932161B2 JP 6932161 B2 JP6932161 B2 JP 6932161B2 JP 2019141174 A JP2019141174 A JP 2019141174A JP 2019141174 A JP2019141174 A JP 2019141174A JP 6932161 B2 JP6932161 B2 JP 6932161B2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Description
1.本発明によると、少なくとも一つの糖アルコール物質から調製される炭素カプセル化層の使用は、更に第一サイクルクーロン効率を更に向上させ;
少なくとも二つの糖アルコール物質から調製される炭素カプセル化層の使用は、体積変化に関する余白(space)を提供し、従ってケイ素ベースの負極の電気化学性能を向上させ、容量保持率の増大を促進させる。
2.有機物質は、本発明による熱処理の下不完全に炭化され、得られた電池は高い容量及び高い容量保持率(すなわち高サイクル寿命)を有する。
3.本発明によると、ポリマー修飾層は、Siと作用する強い水素結合を獲得し、それ故、Siの表面を均一にカプセル化する(SEIフィルムのような)弾性フィルムを形成する。従って、本発明のポリマー修飾層の使用により、ケイ素−炭素複合材料中のケイ素の酸化は抑制され得、ケイ素−炭素複合材料は、リチウムイオンのインターカレーション及びデインターカレーションの間に容易に割れず、電池のサイクル寿命が増大され得る。
本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料は、コア−シェル構造を有する本体を含有する。本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体は、独立して合成されてもよく、適切な材料でもよく、本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料は、特定のポリマー修飾層で本体をカプセル化することにより調製され得る。
本発明のコア−シェル構造を有する本体のコアは、ケイ素含有粒子、例えばSi、SiOx、SiO2、C−SiO又はSiM(M:金属)である。
本発明のコア−シェル構造を有する本体のシェルは、炭素カプセル化層である。
本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料は、ポリマー修飾層を含有し、ポリマー修飾層は本体のシェルの外部表面に位置し、本体をカプセル化する。
本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料は、導電性材料を更に含有してもよい。導電性材料は、本体のコア又はシェル、又は両方に存在してもよい。
1.(負極)電極プレートから銅箔を取り除いた後、超音波ウォーターバスに電極プレートを入れたビーカーを置き、粉末をはぎ取る工程;
2.集束超音波の使用(例えば、80W、10秒入/10秒切)により、グラファイト、ケイ素−炭素複合材料及びカーボンブラックを互いに分ける工程;
3.得られた溶液を500メッシュ篩でふるい、純水で数回洗い、カーボンブラック及び接着剤を取り除く工程;
4.残存固形物に純水を加え、十分に分散させ、その後得られた溶液を300メッシュ篩でふるい、グラファイト(通常15から25μm)を取り除く工程;及び
5.残っているろ液を流した後、熱重量分析(TGA)試験を行い、熱質量損失を測定する工程。例えば、本発明の実施例で記載される方法により、熱重量分析(TGA)装置を用いて、窒素雰囲気下で、600℃まで温度を上昇させ、一定時間熱を加え続けることによって、サンプルの熱質量損失が得られてもよい。
本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体は、独立して合成され、又は適切な材料であってもよい。本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料は、特定のポリマー修飾層で本体をカプセル化することにより調製され得る。例えば、本発明の一実施態様において(本発明はそこに制限されるべきでないが)、本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体は下記工程により調製され得る:
(a)ケイ素含有粒子、並びに水溶性ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、糖アルコール物質、ポリデキストロース、セルロース、デンプン及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の有機物質を含有する混合物を供給する工程;及び
(b)混合物を熱処理し、少なくとも1種の有機物質を炭化させ、熱分解炭素を形成し、ケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体を調製する工程。
ケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体を親水性ポリマー溶液と混合する工程;及びポリエステル、ポリフルオロカーボン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸、セルロース及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるポリマーを含有する、親水性ポリマー溶液の回転濃縮又は噴霧乾燥によりポリマー修飾層を調製する工程。
ケイ素含有粒子、と水溶性ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース、糖アルコール物質、ポリデキストロース、セルロース、デンプン及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の有機物質とを含有する混合物を供給する工程;混合物を熱処理して、少なくとも1種の有機物質を炭化させ、熱分解炭素を形成し、ケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体を調製する工程。
本発明は、上記ケイ素−炭素複合材料を含有するリチウム電池負極も提供する。本発明のリチウム電池負極を調製する方法は、特に限定されず、当業者に知られる任意の適切な方法であってもよい。例えば、リチウム電池負極は、負極材料のスラリーに、本発明のケイ素−炭素複合材料を添加し、十分に撹拌後、基材にスラリーを被覆し、その後乾燥により、調製され得る。
実施例1
第一の調製工程:2グラムのカーボンナノチューブ(CNT)(Cnano Technology製7321)、20グラムの0.5から0.7μmの平均粒子径を有するケイ素粉末(AUO Crystal Corp製ANI720)、10グラムのエリスリトール、及び10グラムのトレハロースを、ハイスピードミキサー中で20分間3000rpmで混合し、その後取り出し、80メッシュのステンレス鋼メッシュでふるい、高温焼結炉中、窒素下で600℃で4時間加熱して、完全に炭化させ、ケイ素−炭素複合材料の本体を調製した。本体は、ケイ素粉末、カーボンナノチューブ及び炭素カプセル化層を含有し、炭素カプセル化層はケイ素粉末をカプセル化し、カーボンナノチューブは本体中に分散し、部分的に炭素カプセル化層によりカプセル化されている。
実施例2から10及び比較例11から14のケイ素−炭素複合材料を、表1に記載の比に基づいて、実施例1の方法により調製した。
MCMB:メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、China Steel Chemical Corporation製MG12
電池性能を、Arbin Instrumentsから利用可能な充電及び放電機械(型番;LBT21084)を使用して測定した。
Claims (8)
- コア−シェル構造を有する本体及びポリマー修飾層を含み、
(a)前記本体のコアがケイ素含有粒子であり、前記本体のシェルが炭素カプセル化層であり;かつ
(b)前記ポリマー修飾層が、前記本体の前記シェルの外部表面に位置し、前記本体をカプセル化し、かつ、前記ポリマー修飾層が、ポリエステル、ポリフルオロカーボン、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸、セルロース及びそれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択されるポリマーを含む、
ケイ素−炭素複合材料であって、
前記ポリマー修飾層の含有量が、前記ケイ素−炭素複合材料の総量100質量%に基づいて、5質量%から15質量%の範囲内であり、
前記炭素カプセル化層に関して、X線光電子分光法の使用により測定される炭素の特性ピークの総面積積分に対する、sp 2 炭素の特性ピークの面積積分の比が、0.5から0.7の範囲内である、ケイ素−炭素複合材料。 - 熱重量分析(TGA)試験において測定した場合、250から600℃で5質量%から20質量%の熱質量損失を有する、請求項1に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料。
- 前記炭素カプセル化層が、水溶性のポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロール、キシロース、トレハロース、グルコース、糖アルコール物質、ポリデキストロース、セルロース及びデンプンの1種以上から由来する熱分解炭素を含む、請求項1に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料。
- 前記糖アルコール物質が、エリスリトール及びイソマルトからなる群から選択される、請求項3に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料。
- 導電性材料を更に含み、前記導電性材料が、導電性ポリマー、グラファイト、グラフェン、カーボンナノチューブ、及びそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択され、前記導電性材料の含有量が、ケイ素−炭素複合材料の総量100質量%に基づいて、0.1質量%から10質量%の範囲内であり、前記炭素カプセル化層が、水溶性のポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロール、キシロース、トレハロース、グルコース、糖アルコール物質、ポリデキストロース、セルロース及びデンプンの1種以上から由来する熱分解炭素である、請求項1に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料。
- 前記ケイ素含有粒子が、元素状ケイ素、SiOx(0<x≦2)として表されるケイ素−酸素化合物、ケイ素含有固溶体、又はケイ素含有金属間化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料。
- 前記ケイ素含有粒子の含有量が、ケイ素−炭素複合材料の総質量100質量%に基づいて、55質量%から80質量%の範囲内であり、熱分解炭素の含有量が0.1質量%から30質量%の範囲内である、請求項1に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のケイ素−炭素複合材料を含む、リチウム電池負極。
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| TWI611623B (zh) * | 2014-10-27 | 2018-01-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 用於鋰離子電池的負極材料以及包含其的鋰離子電池 |
| KR20160149862A (ko) | 2015-06-19 | 2016-12-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리콘 산화물-탄소-고분자 복합체, 및 이를 포함하는 음극 활물질 |
| KR102479722B1 (ko) * | 2015-09-24 | 2022-12-21 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 복합 음극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 음극 및 리튬 이차 전지, 및 상기 복합 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
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| CN105609730B (zh) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-06-01 | 广东省稀有金属研究所 | 一种硅/碳/石墨复合负极材料的制备方法 |
| CN106058167A (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-10-26 | 万向A二三系统有限公司 | 一种多孔硅基合金复合材料 |
| EP3618151A4 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2021-01-06 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERY |
| CN107170979A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-15 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种用于锂离子电池负极材料的硅‑碳复合材料的制备方法 |
| TWI624981B (zh) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-05-21 | Super Energy Materials Inc | Lithium ion battery anode material |
| CN108054368B (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2020-08-11 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种硅基负极材料、其制备方法及在锂离子电池的用途 |
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| KR20200014251A (ko) | 2020-02-10 |
| KR102331277B1 (ko) | 2021-11-26 |
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| CN109742369A (zh) | 2019-05-10 |
| US11539049B2 (en) | 2022-12-27 |
| TWI686001B (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
| TW202008633A (zh) | 2020-02-16 |
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