JP6932338B2 - Liquid crystal composition and optical element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to liquid crystal compositions and optical elements.

"LCD" is currently used in various fields such as clocks and calculators, various measuring instruments, automobile panels, word processors, electronic personal organizers, printers, computers, televisions, clocks, and advertising display boards. Such a "liquid crystal" generally refers to a phase having both liquid fluidity and crystal anisotropy, and is classified into nematic liquid crystal, smectic liquid crystal, and cholesteric liquid crystal according to the molecular arrangement pattern. The nematic liquid crystal is, for example, TN (twisted nematic) type, STN (super twisted nematic) type, VA (vertical orientation) type using TFT (thin film transistor), IPS (in-plane switching) type, or FFS. It is used in liquid crystal display elements (so-called liquid crystal displays) such as (fringe field switching) type, and is widely distributed in the market. In addition, smectic liquid crystals, as typified by ferroelectric liquid crystals and antiferroelectric liquid crystals, have spontaneous polarization, which increases the interaction between the electric field and polarization, and is essentially a material with high-speed response. Numerous studies have been done. Further, the cholesteric liquid crystal display has a memory characteristic that the displayed data does not disappear even when the power is turned off, so that it is applied to electronic paper and electronic shelf labels.
Regardless of the type of liquid crystal, when applying the liquid crystal to a display element such as a television, when displaying a moving image on the display element, drawing with quick color switching is required, so the high-speed response characteristics of the liquid crystal are inevitably important. Will be done. In addition, from the viewpoint of energy saving, it is also important to drive the liquid crystal at a low voltage.
For example, as a technique for high-speed response in a nematic liquid crystal, Patent Document 1 describes that a compound having a dialkylbicyclohexane skeleton is used as a liquid crystal composition having a small γ1.
Further, it is described in Non-Patent Document 1 that the torque source of the nematic liquid crystal depends on the square of the applied electric field, but the ferroelectric liquid crystal represented by the smectic liquid crystal works linearly, so that a high-speed response is possible. There is.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-505235

N. A. Clark and S. T. Lagerwall, Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 899-901 (1980)

In the method to ensure the high-speed response of the liquid crystal by designing the composition of the composition itself, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, to select a liquid crystal compound present numerous, and their combinations should also be considered.
In addition, although the ferroelectric liquid crystal display has an essentially high response speed, it has a drawback that the drive voltage becomes high when it is used in the vertical DH-FLC mode in order to obtain a gray scale, and it is particularly portable for personal computers. It is no longer suitable for devices that require low power consumption, such as mobile displays such as displays and smartphones.
Therefore, the present invention focuses on the movement of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer as a technique capable of exhibiting high-speed response or low-voltage driveability in a ferroelectric liquid crystal display, and a liquid crystal composition having an improved response speed or drive voltage. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical element using the above.

前記強誘電性液晶組成物は、以下の一般式(ＬＣ−ＶＩ)で表される１種以上の化合物を含有する液晶組成物により、本発明の目的を達成することができる。

（式中、Ｒ^２１及びＲ^２２は、各々独立に炭素原子数１〜１８の直鎖状もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、水素原子、あるいはフッ素原子を表すか、該アルキル基中の、１つ又は２つの隣接していない−ＣＨ_２−基は−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯ−Ｓ−、−Ｓ−ＣＯ−、−Ｏ−ＳＯ_２−、−ＳＯ_２−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、シクロプロピレン基又は−Ｓｉ（ＣＨ_３）_２−で置き換えられたものであるか、又は、該アルキル基中の１つ以上の水素原子はフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又はＣＮ基で置き換えられたものであり、
Ｘ^２１〜Ｘ^２４は、各々独立に水素原子、ハロゲン、シアノ基、メチル基、メトキシ基、ＣＦ_３基、又はＯＣＦ_３基を表し、
環Ａ^１はフェニレン基またはシクロヘキシレン基を示し、
Ｌは各々独立に単結合、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＨ_２−、−ＣＦ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＦ_２−、−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯ−Ｓ−、−Ｓ−ＣＯ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−ＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、又は−Ｃ≡Ｃ−を表し、
ａ^１は０、１、又は２を表し、ｂ^１、及びｃ^１は０、１、又は２の整数を表し、ａ^１＋ｂ^１＋ｃ^１の合計は１又は２を表し、ａ^１＝１のときｃ^１＝０であり、ｃ^１＝１のときａ^１＝０であり、
Ｙは、各々独立に、単結合もしくは炭素原子数１〜７のアルキレン基、又は該アルキレン基中に存在する１つ又は２つ以上のメチレン基は酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして各々独立に−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−で置換されているものである。）
前記強誘電性液晶組成物は、以下の式で表される３つの化合物のうちの１種以上を含むのが好ましい。

前記潤滑成分は、前記液晶成分と分離して遍在し得ることが好ましい。
前記潤滑成分は、前記境界領域に集積することが好ましい。
前記潤滑成分の配向秩序度が前記液晶成分の配向秩序度と異なることが好ましい。
前記潤滑成分と前記液晶成分とは相分離することが好ましい。
前記潤滑成分は、０．１〜５質量％含有することが好ましい。
前記潤滑成分は、前記第一の液晶分子および前記第二の液晶分子の外部電界の変化により応動する方向への運動を円滑にすることが好ましい。
前記液晶成分が室温で液晶相を示すことが好ましい。
前記液晶成分の透明点が６０℃以上であることが好ましい。
前記液晶成分が少なくとも２種以上の液晶性化合物を含有することが好ましい。
前記液晶成分がスメクチック液晶相を示すことが好ましい。
前記第一の液晶ドメインと第二の液晶ドメインとの常態の配向方向が略同一であることが好ましい。
本発明は、少なくとも一方の基板に電極を有する一対の基板と、前記一対の基板間に充填される液晶組成物と、を備える光学素子であって、前記液晶組成物は、外部電界の変化により応動する第一の液晶分子および第二の液晶分子を含む液晶成分と、前記第一の液晶分子および前記第二の液晶分子のそれぞれの運動を円滑にする潤滑成分と、を含有し、 前記潤滑成分は光応答により分子形状を液晶分子と同様な棒状から、液晶分子とは異なる屈曲形状に変化する光応答性物質を含み、
前記液晶成分は、強誘電性液晶組成物であり、外部電界の不均一性に応じて設けられる、前記第一の液晶分子を含む第一の液晶ドメインおよび前記第二の液晶分子を含む第二の液晶ドメインを有し、
前記第一の液晶ドメインと前記第二の液晶ドメインとの間を区画する、前記潤滑成分を含む境界領域の両側で、前記第一の液晶分子および前記第二の液晶分子が外部電界の変化により応動する方向が互いに異なり、
前記光応答性物質は、以下の式で表されるアゾ−アクリレート化合物であるか、又は、１１−［４−（４−ブチルフェニルアゾ）フェノキシ］ウンデシルメタクリレートであり、

前記強誘電性液晶組成物は、以下の一般式(ＬＣ−ＶＩ)で表される１種以上の化合物を含有することにより、本発明の目的を達成することができる。

（式中、Ｒ^２１及びＲ^２２は、各々独立に炭素原子数１〜１８の直鎖状もしくは分岐状のアルキル基、水素原子、あるいはフッ素原子を表すか、該アルキル基中の、１つ又は２つの隣接していない−ＣＨ_２−基は−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯ−Ｓ−、−Ｓ−ＣＯ−、−Ｏ−ＳＯ_２−、−ＳＯ_２−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、−Ｃ≡Ｃ−、シクロプロピレン基又は−Ｓｉ（ＣＨ_３）_２−で置き換えられたものであるか、又は、該アルキル基中の１つ以上の水素原子はフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、又はＣＮ基で置き換えられたものであり、
Ｘ^２１〜Ｘ^２４は、各々独立に水素原子、ハロゲン、シアノ基、メチル基、メトキシ基、ＣＦ_３基、又はＯＣＦ_３基を表し、
環Ａ^１はフェニレン基またはシクロヘキシレン基を示し、
Ｌは各々独立に単結合、−Ｏ−、−Ｓ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＨ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＨ_２−、−ＣＦ_２Ｏ−、−ＯＣＦ_２−、−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯ−Ｓ−、−Ｓ−ＣＯ−、−Ｏ−ＣＯ−Ｏ−、−ＣＨ_２ＣＨ_２−、−ＣＨ＝ＣＨ−、又は−Ｃ≡Ｃ−を表し、
ａ^１は０、１、又は２を表し、ｂ^１、及びｃ^１は０、１、又は２の整数を表し、ａ^１＋ｂ^１＋ｃ^１の合計は１又は２を表し、ａ^１＝１のときｃ^１＝０であり、ｃ^１＝１のときａ^１＝０であり、
Ｙは、各々独立に、単結合もしくは炭素原子数１〜７のアルキレン基、又は該アルキレン基中に存在する１つ又は２つ以上のメチレン基は酸素原子が相互に直接結合しないものとして各々独立に−Ｏ−、−ＣＯ−、−ＣＯＯ−又は−ＯＣＯ−で置換されているものである。）
前記強誘電性液晶組成物は、以下の式で表される３つの化合物のうちの１種以上を含むのが好ましい。

前記潤滑成分は前記境界領域に偏在することが好ましい。
前記潤滑成分の配向秩序度が前記液晶成分の配向秩序度と異なることが好ましい。
第一の液晶ドメインおよび第二の液晶ドメインの常態の配向方向がそれぞれ略同一であることが好ましい。
前記境界領域の直上にブラックマトリクスを設けたことが好ましい。
前記境界領域の直上に、凸構造もしくは凹構造を設けたことが好ましい。 The present invention provides lubrication that facilitates the movement of each of a liquid crystal component containing a first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal molecule that responds to a change in an external electric field, and the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule. Ingredients and, containing,
The lubricating component contains a photoresponsive substance whose molecular shape changes from a rod shape similar to that of a liquid crystal molecule to a bent shape different from that of a liquid crystal molecule due to a photoresponse.
The liquid crystal component is a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and is provided according to the non-uniformity of an external electric field, and is provided with a first liquid crystal domain containing the first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal domain containing the second liquid crystal molecule. Has a liquid crystal domain of
The first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule are formed by a change in an external electric field on both sides of a boundary region containing the lubricating component that partitions between the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain. The directions of reaction are different from each other,
The photoresponsive substance is an azo-acrylate compound represented by the following formula, or 11- [4- (4-butylphenylazo) phenoxy] undecyl methacrylate.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition can achieve the object of the present invention by a liquid crystal composition containing one or more compounds represented by the following general formula (LC-VI).

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom, or one or one of the alkyl groups. Two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O _{-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O} -, - O-CO-O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or -Si _{(CH 3) 2} - which was replaced by There, or one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group have been replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a CN group.
X ^{21 to} X ²⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a cyano group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, _three CF groups, or _three OFF groups.
Ring A ¹ represents a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group,
L is independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CO-O-, -O. Represents -CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-, or -C≡C-
a ¹ represents 0, 1, or 2, b ¹ and c ¹ represent an integer of 0, 1, or 2, and the sum of a ¹ + b ¹ + c ¹ represents 1 or 2, and a ¹ = 1. when a ^c 1 = ^0, is ^a 1 = 0 when ^c 1 = 1,
Y is independently independent of each other as a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Is replaced with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-. )
The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition preferably contains one or more of the three compounds represented by the following formulas.

It is preferable that the lubricating component can be separated and ubiquitous from the liquid crystal component.
The lubricating component preferably accumulates in the boundary region.
It is preferable that the orientation order of the lubricating component is different from the orientation order of the liquid crystal component.
It is preferable that the lubricating component and the liquid crystal component are phase-separated.
The lubricating component is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by mass.
It is preferable that the lubricating component facilitates the movement of the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule in a direction that is responsive to changes in the external electric field.
It is preferable that the liquid crystal component exhibits a liquid crystal phase at room temperature.
The transparent point of the liquid crystal component is preferably 60 ° C. or higher.
It is preferable that the liquid crystal component contains at least two or more liquid crystal compounds.
It is preferable that the liquid crystal component exhibits a smectic liquid crystal phase.
It is preferable that the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are substantially the same.
The present invention is an optical element comprising a pair of substrates having electrodes on at least one substrate and a liquid crystal composition filled between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal composition is subjected to a change in an external electric field. The lubrication contains a liquid crystal component containing a responsive first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal molecule, and a lubricating component that facilitates the movement of each of the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule. The component contains a photoresponsive substance that changes its molecular shape from a rod shape similar to that of a liquid crystal molecule to a bent shape different from that of a liquid crystal molecule due to a photoresponse.
The liquid crystal component is a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and is provided according to the non-uniformity of an external electric field, and is provided with a first liquid crystal domain containing the first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal domain containing the second liquid crystal molecule. Has a liquid crystal domain of
The first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule are formed by a change in an external electric field on both sides of a boundary region containing the lubricating component that partitions between the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain. The directions of reaction are different from each other,
The photoresponsive substance is an azo-acrylate compound represented by the following formula, or 11- [4- (4-butylphenylazo) phenoxy] undecyl methacrylate.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by containing one or more compounds represented by the following general formula (LC-VI) in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition.

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom, or one or one of the alkyl groups. Two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O _{-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O} -, - O-CO-O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or -Si _{(CH 3) 2} - which was replaced by There, or one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group have been replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a CN group.
X ^{21 to} X ²⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a cyano group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, _three CF groups, or _three OFF groups.
Ring A ¹ represents a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group,
L is independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CO-O-, -O. Represents -CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-, or -C≡C-
a ¹ represents 0, 1, or 2, b ¹ and c ¹ represent an integer of 0, 1, or 2, and the sum of a ¹ + b ¹ + c ¹ represents 1 or 2, and a ¹ = 1. when a ^c 1 = ^0, is ^a 1 = 0 when ^c 1 = 1,
Y is independently independent of each other as a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Is replaced with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-. )
The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition preferably contains one or more of the three compounds represented by the following formulas.

It is preferable that the lubricating component is unevenly distributed in the boundary region.
It is preferable that the orientation order of the lubricating component is different from the orientation order of the liquid crystal component.
It is preferable that the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are substantially the same.
It is preferable to provide a black matrix directly above the boundary region.
It is preferable to provide a convex structure or a concave structure directly above the boundary region.

The present invention is promising as a high-speed response liquid crystal mode capable of displaying gray scale and having a good black level if the drive voltage of the DH-FLC can be reduced.

A snapshot of a polarizing microscope when a 1 Hz sine wave is applied (polarizing plate is vertical-horizontal cross Nicol). It is a graph about the voltage dependence (1Hz sine wave) of transmitted light intensity. It is a graph about the voltage dependence of the transmitted light intensity (50Hz AM rectangular modulation wave (modulation frequency 1Hz)). It is a diagram conceptually showing an embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic diagram of a slippy interface "left: uniform vertical orientation before UV light irradiation and right: after UV light irradiation: a slippy interface is generated and orientation rotation is free. It is in the state of becoming. " It is a response waveform when a rectangular waveform of 50 Hz and three stages (+ 10 V → 0 V → -10 V → 0 V) is applied. It is a chart which summarized the feature and problem of a ferroelectric liquid crystal display (FLC). Tables and photographs showing the factors of the high threshold. It is a lower left enlarged view of FIG. 7A. It is a conceptual diagram of the role of a lubricating component. It is a figure which shows the method of creating the effect of a lubricating component. It is a photograph which shows the effect of a lubricating component. It is a graph which shows the effect of a lubricating component. It is a photograph which shows the realization of a lubricating component. It is a graph which shows the effect of a lubricating component. It is a photograph which shows the effect of a lubricating component. It is the figure which summarized the consideration of the threshold voltage drop by the effect of a lubrication component. It is a graph which shows both the threshold voltage drop and the high-speed response by the effect of a lubrication component. It is a graph and a photograph showing both the threshold voltage decrease and the high-speed response due to the effect of the lubricating component. It is a graph which shows the slow dynamics seen in a low frequency drive. It is a left enlarged view of FIG. 18A. It is a conceptual diagram of the realization of high speed by erasing and freezing low-speed movement. It is a figure which shows the effect of AM modulation. It is a figure which shows the suppression effect of slow motion by AM modulation. It is a figure which summarized the concept which balances good black level and threshold value reduction. It is a graph which shows the concept which balances a good black level and a threshold value reduction. It is a graph which shows the state of change with respect to the optical purity of a 2nd order voltage-light intensity conversion coefficient. It is a graph which shows the state of the change with respect to the optical purity of the "normalized secondary voltage-light intensity conversion coefficient" divided by (R body-S body) / total amount in consideration of the decrease of PS. It is a figure which summarized the consideration about the relationship between the threshold voltage and the torsional elastic constant. It is a figure which shows the summary of the effect of introducing a lubricating component, and the possibility of application. It is a photograph which shows the lubrication effect with the antiferroelectric material (MHPOBC). It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the liquid crystal display element as one Embodiment of the optical element of this invention.

In 1979, it was discovered by Meyer that ferroelectricity was also exhibited in liquid crystals (Fig. 6). Ferroelectricity is expressed in the chiral smectic C phase (hereinafter referred to as SmC ^* phase). In 1981, Clark and Lagerwall proposed a device using a surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal display (hereinafter abbreviated as SSFLC). In this device, a helical structure in which a ferroelectric liquid crystal is spontaneously generated in bulk is injected into a cell having a thin gap (= 1 to 2 μm), and the spiral structure is solved by the effect of the surface of the cell. Used as a device. In this SSFLC, the interface of the substrate is subjected to horizontal alignment processing (= the liquid crystal molecules try to be oriented parallel to the substrate), and the liquid crystal molecules are driven by an electric field perpendicular to the substrate. By solving the helical structure of the substrate using cells with thin gaps, the state of bistability (whether the molecule tilts to the right or to the left) appears with memory, but the major problem is that it is bistable, so it is bright and dark. Only two values can be obtained, and no grayscale can be obtained.
As another display mode, the DH-FLC mode is known. This is driven by orienting the molecules in vertical orientation while maintaining the helical structure, and solving the helical structure with voltage by a transverse electric field (same as IPS). When the spiral structure is short enough and does not reflect visible light, a good dark state (black display) can be obtained in the spiral state, and the spiral structure is unraveled with the application of voltage, so it gradually becomes brighter and grayscale display is possible. It becomes.
The problem is that the spiral structure needs to be shortened in order to obtain good black, and the period called pitch needs to be in the ultraviolet region. However, a material having a strong spiral structure (= short pitch) requires a high voltage to solve the spiral structure, and therefore has a drawback that the driving voltage becomes high.
Therefore, if the cause of the high drive voltage is identified and measures are taken to eliminate the cause, even a material having a strong spiral structure (= short pitch) can be driven with a low drive voltage.

The first of the present invention is to smoothly move each of the liquid crystal component containing the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule that responds to the change of the external electric field, and the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule. It is a liquid crystal composition containing a lubricating component.

When a lubricating component exists between liquid crystal domains moving in different directions, the lubricating component plays a so-called "roller" role and can suppress motion collision between molecules existing in different liquid crystal domains, thus providing high-speed response. It is believed that the liquid crystal composition can be shown.
In other words, when the liquid crystal layer (aggregated state of liquid crystal molecules) as in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 is generally uniform, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a somewhat random direction, so that the voltage is in that state. When is applied, for example, a certain molecule rotates clockwise and a molecule adjacent to the certain molecule rotates counterclockwise, so that the response behavior is such that both molecules collide with each other. Therefore, the response speed of the entire liquid crystal layer is slow. Become. Therefore, by changing the uniformity of the aggregated state in the liquid crystal layer, it is possible to solve the problem of reducing the response speed due to collisions between uniformly existing liquid crystal molecules.
When the liquid crystal molecules have different normal orientation directions, the different domains (for example, multiple molecules created to improve the viewing angle characteristics in the VA display mode) have different normal orientation directions. Between the domains), there are regions where the molecular motions are not uniform, in other words, the molecules that try to move in different directions face each other. If a lubricating component that facilitates molecular motion is introduced into this region, molecular motion becomes easy, and low-voltage drive and high-speed response can be achieved.
Alternatively, if the liquid crystal molecules are normally oriented in substantially the same direction and form domains in which the movement directions of the molecules are different when a voltage is applied due to the influence of the electrode configuration, the same applies by introducing a lubricating component in the region between the domains. Low voltage drive and high speed response can be achieved. Examples of this include IPS, FFS, VA-DHFLC and the like. Note that the fact that the orientation directions in the normal state are substantially the same means that the directions of the directors in the normal state are almost uniformly aligned in almost the same direction, or that the director deforms the twist due to the introduction of chiral. If so, it means that the strength of the twist deformation and the palmability are almost the same. The boundary region is preferably a slippy interface.

"Liquid crystal component"
In the liquid crystal component according to the present invention, it is preferable that the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are substantially the same.
Liquid crystal component according to the present invention, smelling click ticks liquid crystal is preferred arbitrariness. Among the smectic liquid crystals, those exhibiting ferroelectricity, ferrielectricity, or antiferroelectricity are preferable, and among them, the smectic C (SmC) phase or the SmC derivative phase (SmC-variant) is preferable. ..
The liquid crystal component according to the present invention preferably exhibits a liquid crystal phase at room temperature.
The transparent point of the liquid crystal component according to the present invention is preferably 60 ° C. or higher.
It is preferable that the liquid crystal component according to the present invention contains at least two or more liquid crystal compounds.
Examples of the liquid crystal compound include the following compounds.
The liquid crystal compound according to the present invention has the following general formula.

(In the formula, R independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or two of the alkyl groups are not adjacent to each other- CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-SO _2- , -SO ₂ -O-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2- may be replaced by 1 in the alkyl group. One or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms or CN groups.
Z is independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N ( ^Ra )-, -N ( ^{_{R a) -CO -, - OCH}} 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - SCH 2 -, - CH 2 S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CF 2 O -, - OCF _2- , -CF ₂ S-, -SCF _2- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-,- CF = CH-, -CH = CF-, -CF = CF-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH = CH- or single bond, -CO Ra in −N ( ^Ra ) − or −N ( ^Ra ) −CO− represents ^a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
A is independently a phenylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a dioxolandyl group, a cyclohexenylene group, a bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, a piperidinediyl group, a naphthalenedyl group, a decahydronaphthalenedyl group, a tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group. , Or a cyclic group selected from an indandiyl group, wherein the phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, tetrahydronaphthalenediyl group, or indandiyl group is replaced by one or more -CH = groups in the ring with a nitrogen atom. The cyclohexylene group, the dioxolandyl group, the cyclohexenylene group, the bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, the piperidinediyl group, the decahydronaphthalenedyl group, the tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or the indandiyl group may be a ring. One or two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups of the group may be replaced with -O- and / or -S-, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the cyclic group are fluorine. An alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, wherein an atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a CN group, _two NO groups, or one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom. It may be replaced with an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, where n is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. ) Is preferable.
In addition, the following general formula

(In the formula, R independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or two of the alkyl groups are not adjacent to each other- CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-SO _2- , -SO ₂ -O-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2- may be replaced by 1 in the alkyl group. One or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms or CN groups.
Z is independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N ( ^Ra )-, -N ( ^{_{R a) -CO -, - OCH}} 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - SCH 2 -, - CH 2 S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CF 2 O -, - OCF _2- , -CF ₂ S-, -SCF _2- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-,- CF = CH-, -CH = CF-, -CF = CF-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH = CH- or single bond, -CO Ra in −N (R ^a ) − or −N ( ^Ra ) −CO− represents ^a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Y is independent of each other. Represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are assumed to have oxygen atoms not directly bonded to each other. It may be independently substituted with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are independently halogen atoms or carbon atoms, respectively. It may be substituted with an alkyl group of number 1-9, where X independently represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, -CF ₃ or -OCF ₃ , and n independently represents 0 to 0. Representing an integer of 4, n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ and n ₄ each independently represent 0 or 1, but n ₁ + n ₂ + n ₃ + n ₄ = 1 to 4, and Cyclo each independently carbon. It represents a cycloalkane having 3 to 10 atoms and may optionally have a double bond. ), The liquid crystal compounds (LC-I) to (LC-III) are preferable.
Here, Cyclo is preferably cyclohexane (cyclohexylene group), for example, the following general formula.

(In the formula, R independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or two of the alkyl groups are not adjacent to each other- CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-SO _2- , -SO ₂ -O-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2- may be replaced by 1 in the alkyl group. One or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms or CN groups.
Z is independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N ( ^Ra )-, -N ( ^{_{R a) -CO -, - OCH}} 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - SCH 2 -, - CH 2 S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CF 2 O -, - OCF _2- , -CF ₂ S-, -SCF _2- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-,- CF = CH-, -CH = CF-, -CF = CF-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH = CH- or single bond, -CO Ra in −N ( ^Ra ) − or −N ( ^Ra ) −CO− represents ^a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
Y each independently represents a single-bonded or linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group have oxygen atoms of each other. They may be independently substituted with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as those that do not directly bond, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are independent of each other. May be substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and X is independently a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a cyano group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, _three CF groups, or an OCF. _{Representing 3} groups, n independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, and n ₁ , n ₂ , n ₃ and n ₄ independently represent 0 or 1, respectively, but n ₁ + n ₂ + n ₃ + n ₄ = 1 to 4. ), The liquid crystal compounds (LC-I') to (LC-III') are preferable.
In order to exhibit liquid crystallinity, it is preferable that the ring is 1,4-substituted. That is, it is preferable that the cyclic divalent group contained in the liquid crystal compound is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group, a 2,5-pyrimidinediyl group or the like.
For example, the following general formula

(In the formula, R ¹¹ and R ¹² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, but R ¹¹ and R ¹² cannot be a fluorine atom at the same time. None, one or two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups in the alkyl group are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO- It may be replaced with S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _{2-, the alkyl.} One or more hydrogen atoms in the group may be replaced with a fluorine atom or a CN group, and X ^{11 to} X ²² independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, ₃ CF groups, or ₃ OCF groups, respectively. L ^{11 to} L ¹⁴ are independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CO-O. Represents −, −O−CO−, −CO−S−, −S−CO−, −O−CO−O−, −CH ₂ CH _{2−, −CH = CH−, or −C≡C−.} Y each independently represents a single-bonded or linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group have oxygen atoms of each other. They may be independently substituted with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as those that do not directly bond, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are independent of each other. May be substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and a ¹ , b ¹ , c ¹ , and d ¹ each independently represent an integer of 0 or 1, but a ¹ + b ¹ + c. ¹ + ^{d 1} is 1, 2 or 3, if ^{a 1} is 0 are ^{d 1} is 0, ^{c 1} if ^{a 1} is 1 are 0, ^{a 1} if ^{c 1} is 1 In the case of 0, b ¹ = c ¹ = 1, a ¹ = d ¹ = 0, and each cyclol independently represents a cycloalkane having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and arbitrarily has a double bond. The liquidaceous compounds (LC-Ia) to (LC-IIIa) represented by (may be) are preferable.
In addition, the following general formula

(In the formula, R ¹¹ and R ¹² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, but R ¹¹ and R ¹² cannot be a fluorine atom at the same time. None, one or two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups in the alkyl group are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO- It may be replaced with S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _{2-, the alkyl.} one or more hydrogen atoms in the group may be replaced by fluorine atom, or CN group, ring ^{a 1} each 1 to 4 hydrogen atoms are fluorine atom, CF ₃ group, OCF ₃ group, or a CN group or may be replaced by these multiple groups 1,4-phenylene group or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, ring ^{B 1} represents one to four hydrogen atoms are fluorine atom, CF ₃ group, OCF ₃ group, or CN represents group, or replaced by or 1,4-phenylene group in the plurality of groups, the ring ^{C 1} is one to four hydrogen atoms are fluorine atom, CF ₃ group, OCF ₃ group , Or CN group, or 1,4-cyclohexylene group which may be replaced by a plurality of these groups, and L is independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH _{2 respectively.} O-, -OCH _2- , -CF _{2 O-, -OCF 2-} , -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-, or -C≡C-, and Y independently represents a single-bonded or linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. , One or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are independently substituted with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as those in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Alternatively, one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and a ¹ is 0, 1. , Or 2, b ¹ and c ¹ represent an integer of 0, 1, or 2, ^{and the sum of a 1} , b ¹ and c ¹ represents 1, 2 or 3). Compound (LC-IV),

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, but R ²¹ and R ²² cannot be fluorine atoms at the same time. None, one or two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups in the alkyl group are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO- It may be replaced with S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _{2-, the alkyl.} One or more hydrogen atoms in the group may be replaced with a fluorine atom or a CN group, and X ^{21 to} X ²⁷ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, ₃ CF groups, or ₃ OCF groups, respectively. L ^{21 to} L ²⁴ are independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CO-O. Represents −, −O−CO−, −CO−S−, −S−CO−, −O−CO−O−, −CH ₂ CH _{2−, −CH = CH−, or −C≡C−.} a ² , b ² , c ² and d ² independently represent an integer of 0 or 1, but a ² + b ² + c ² + d ² is 1, 2 or 3, and when a ² is 0, d ² Is 0, ^{c 2} is 0 ^{when a 2} is 1 ^{, and a 2} = d ² = 0 ^{when b 2} = c ² = 1). V) is preferable. Of the phenylpyrimidine compounds, substituents are used on the ring portion of the molecule in order to obtain the inclined smectic phase required for the development of strong dielectric property, to increase the inclination angle of the molecule, or to lower the melting point. As a result, it is preferable that at least one or more fluorine atoms, ₃ CF groups, or _{3 OCF groups are introduced.} It is preferable to introduce fluorine having a small shape as a substituent in terms of maintaining the stable liquid crystal phase and maintaining high-speed response. The number of substituents is preferably 1 to 3. Since the viscosity is low and the response is high speed, the linking group (-Z-Y-Z- or -Y-L-Y-) connecting the rings is a single bond, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF. _{It is preferably selected from 2} O−, −OCF _2- , −CH ₂ CH _2- , −CH = CH−, or −C≡C−, and particularly preferably a single bond. Single bonds are also preferable in terms of suppressing local polarization of the molecule and reducing adverse effects on switching behavior. On the other hand, as a material for maintaining the stability of the layer structure, it is preferable that the material has a high viscosity, and in that case, from -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, and -S-CO-. It is preferably selected from the above, and in particular, -CO-O- and -O-CO- are preferably used.
On the other hand, in terms of increasing the effect of lowering the melting point, ^{one or both of the side chains (R, R 11} , R ¹² , R ²¹ , R ²² ) have a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a pentyl group. , Hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonyl group, isopropyl group, alkylcarbonyloxy group, alkyloxycarbonyl group and alkyloxycarbonyloxy group are preferably used.
A compound that is suitable for increasing Δn, exhibits a stable ferroelectric liquid crystal phase, has a low viscosity, and is suitable for a high-speed response is described by the following general formula.

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom, and one or two of the alkyl groups. Non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-SO It may be replaced with _2- , -SO ₂ -O-, -O-CO-O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2-. One or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a CN group, and X ^{21 to} X ²⁴ are independently hydrogen atom, halogen, cyano group, and methyl group, respectively. , Methoxy group, CF ₃ groups, or OCF ₃ groups, ring A ¹ represents a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group, and L is an independent single bond, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH. ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF _{2 O-, -OCF 2-} , -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O -, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-, or -C≡C-, a ¹ represents 0, 1, or 2, b ¹ and c ¹ represent 0, 1, or 2. an ^integer, a ^{1 +} b 1 + total ^{c 1} represents 1 or ^2, the liquid crystal represented by a ^c 1 = 0 when ^a 1 = ^1, is ^a 1 = 0 when ^c 1 = 1) A sex compound (LC-VI) is preferred.
Y in the above general formulas (LC-I) to (LC-VI) is preferably a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms (one or two existing in the alkylene group) independently of each other. The above methylene groups may be independently substituted with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as if the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other).
More preferably, each independently has a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are independent as oxygen atoms do not directly bond to each other. It may be substituted with −O−, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−), and more preferably, each independently has a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms (the said). Even if one or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are independently substituted with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Good.).
The following general formula is used as a compound suitable for TFT driving, exhibiting a stable ferroelectric liquid crystal phase, and having a low viscosity and suitable for a high-speed response.

(In the formula, e ¹ represents 0 or 1, and X ^{21 to} X ²⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom group, but when e ¹ is 0, at least one of ^{X 21 to} X ^{24 is fluorine.} At ^{least one of X 21 to} X ²⁶ is a fluorine atom ^{when e 1} is 1 ^{, and R 21} and R ²² each independently have a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms. _{Represented, one -CH 2-} group in the alkyl group may be replaced with -O-, L ²⁵ represents a single bond, -CH ₂ O-, or -OCH _2- , and ring A ^{1 represents.} A liquid crystal compound (LC-VII) represented by a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group) is particularly preferable.
The liquid crystal compounds used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention include (LC-0), (LC-I) to (LC-III), (LC-IV), (LC-V), and (LC-V). It may be used in any one or a combination of two or more of LC-VI), (LC-VII) and the like.

<Chiral compound>
The chiral compound contained in the dielectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention may be any of a compound having an asymmetric atom, a compound having an axial asymmetry, a compound having a plane asymmetry, and an atropisomer, and the chiral compound may be used. It may have a polymerizable group or may not have a polymerizable group.
In a compound having an asymmetric atom, it is preferable that the asymmetric atom is an asymmetric carbon atom because steric inversion is unlikely to occur, but the hetero atom may be an asymmetric atom. The asymmetric atom may be introduced into a part of the chain structure or a part of the cyclic structure.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition has the general formula (IV) as a compound having an asymmetric atom.

(In formula (IV), R ¹ and R ² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or 2 of the alkyl groups. One or more non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (CH ₃ )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-,- O-CO-O -, - S-CO -, - CO-S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or - It may be replaced with Si (CH ₃ ) _2- , and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a CN group, and has a polymerizable group. The alkyl group may contain a fused or spirocyclic system, and the alkyl group may contain one or more heteroatoms of one or more aromatics or aliphatics. These rings may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen, ^{and one or both of R 1} and R ² are groups having an asymmetric atom. Yes, Z is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N ( ^Ra )-,-, respectively. N (R ^a ) -CO-, -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -SCH _2- , -CH ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ S-, -SCF _2- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CH-, -CH = CF-,- CF = CF-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH = CH- or single bond, -CO-N (R ^a )-or -N (R) ^{a) Ra in} −CO− represents ^a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A ¹ and A ² are independently phenylene group, cyclohexylene group, and dioxolangiyl, respectively. Represents a cyclic group selected from a group, a cyclohexenylene group, a bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, a piperidinediyl group, a naphthalenediyl group, a decahydronaphthalenediyl group, a tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or an indandiyl group. The phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, tetrahydronaphthalenediyl group, or indandiyl group is one or two in the ring. One or more -CH = groups may be replaced with a nitrogen atom, said cyclohexylene group, dioxolandyl group, cyclohexenylene group, bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, piperidinediyl group, decahydronaphthalenediyl. A group, a tetrahydronaphthalenediyl group, or an indandiyl group may have one or two non-adjacent −CH ₂ -groups in the ring replaced by −O− and / or −S−, said cyclic group. One or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a CN group, _two NO groups, or one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom. , May be replaced with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and m is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. ) Is preferable.

A dichiral compound in which both ^{R 1} and R ² are chiral groups in the above general formula (IV) is more preferable. Specific examples of the dichyral compound include compounds represented by the following general formulas (IV-a1) to (IV-a11).

In the general formulas (IV-a1) to (IV-a11), R ³ independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or 2 of the alkyl groups. One or more non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (CH ₃ )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-,- O-CO-O -, - S-CO -, - CO-S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or - It may be replaced with Si (CH ₃ ) _2- , and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a CN group, and has a polymerizable group. You may. Examples of the polymerizable group include a vinyl group, an allyl group, and a (meth) acryloyl group.
Further, X ³ and X ⁴ are halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), cyano group, phenyl group (one or two or more arbitrary hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group are halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), methyl group, methoxy group, -CF ₃ , _{may be substituted with -OCF 3} ), methyl group, methoxy group, -CF ₃ or -OCF ₃ . However, in the general formula (IV-a3) and (IV-a8), in order to position marked with * is an asymmetric atom, ^{X 4} is ^{X 3} different groups are chosen.
Further, n ₃ is an integer of 0 to 20.
^{R 5} in the general formulas (IV-a4) and (IV-a9) is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
Examples of Q in the general formulas (IV-a5) and (IV-a10) include divalent hydrocarbon groups such as a methylene group, an isopropylidene group, and a cyclohexylidene group.
K in the general formula (IV-a11) is an integer from 0 to 5.

More preferred examples include linear or branched alkyl groups having 4 to 8 carbon atoms such ^{as R 3} = C ₄ H ₉ , C ₆ H ₁₃ , C ₈ H _17. Further, CH ₃ is preferable ^{as X 3.}

^{The partial structural formulas −A 1} − (ZA ² ) _m − in the general formulas (IV) and (IV-a1) to (IV-a11) are more preferably.

(In the formula, rings A, B, and C are independently phenylene groups, cyclohexylene groups, or naphthalenediyl groups, respectively, in which any one or more arbitrary hydrogen atoms of the benzene ring are halogen. It may be substituted with an atom (F, Cl, Br, I), a methyl group, a methoxy group, -CF ₃ , or -OCF ₃ , and any one or more carbon atoms on the benzene ring may be a nitrogen atom. The definition of Z is the same as in formula (IV).), And more preferably.

(However, in these formulas, any one or more arbitrary hydrogen atoms of the benzene ring are halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), methyl groups, methoxy groups, -CF ₃ , -OCF ₃ . It may be substituted, and any one or more carbon atoms of the benzene ring may be substituted with a nitrogen atom. The definition of Z is the same as in formula (IV)). Can be mentioned. In terms of reliability, a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring is preferable to a heterocycle such as a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring. In terms of increasing the dielectric constant anisotropy, it is preferable to use a compound having a heterocycle such as a pyridine ring or a pyrimidine ring, but in that case, the compound has a relatively large polarization property, and a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring is used. In the case of a hydrocarbon ring such as, the polarizability of the compound is low. Therefore, it is preferable to select an appropriate content according to the polarizability of the chiral compound.

Further, as the chiral compound used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention, a compound having axial asymmetry or an atrop isomer can also be used.
Axial chirality refers to the allene derivatives shown below and

Biphenyl derivatives shown below, etc.

In the compound in which the rotation of the bond shaft is hindered, the substituents X ^a and Y ^a are different from each other on one end side of the shaft, and the ^{substituents X b and Y b} are different from each other on the other end side of the shaft. The case where the rotation of the bond axis is hindered by the influence of steric hindrance, such as a biphenyl derivative, is called atrop isomerism.

Examples of the compound having axial chirality used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention include, for example.

In formulas (IV-c1) and (IV-c2), ^{at least one of X 61} and Y ⁶¹ and X ⁶² and Y ⁶² exists, respectively, and X ⁶¹ , X ⁶² , Y ⁶¹ , and Y ⁶² are Each independently _{represents any one of CH 2} , C = O, O, N, S, P, B, and Si. When it is N, P, B, or Si, it may be bonded to a substituent such as an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an acyl group so as to satisfy the required valence.
E ⁶¹ and E ⁶² are independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, allyl groups, benzyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, alkyl ether groups, alkyl ester groups, alkyl ketone groups, heterocyclic groups or their respective. Represents one of the derivatives.

Further, in the formula (IV-c1), R ⁶¹ and R ⁶² each independently represent a phenyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group which may be substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group or a halogen atom, and R ^63. , R ⁶⁴ , R ⁶⁵ , R ⁶⁶ , R ⁶⁷ and R ⁶⁸ each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an acyloxy group, a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, or a dialkylamino group, respectively, R ⁶³ , R. ^{Two of 64} and R ⁶⁵ may form a mono or polymethylene dioxy group, which may have a methylene chain or a substituent which may have a substituent, R ⁶⁶ , Two of R ⁶⁷ and R ⁶⁸ may form a mono or polymethylenedioxy group, which may have a substituent or a methylene chain or a substituent. However, this excludes cases where both ^{R 65} and R ^{66 are hydrogen atoms.}

Further, as the chiral compound used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention, a compound having surface asymmetry can also be used.
Examples of the compound having surface asymmetry include the following helicene derivatives.

(In the formula, X ⁶¹ and Y ⁶¹ , X ⁶² and Y ⁶² each have at least one of them, and X ⁶¹ , X ⁶² , Y ⁶¹ , and Y ⁶² are independent CH ₂ , C = O, respectively. It represents any of O, N, S, P, B, and Si. In the case of N, P, B, and Si, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, or the like is used so as to satisfy the required valence. It may be bonded to the substituent of.
E ⁶¹ and E ⁶² are independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, aryl groups, allyl groups, benzyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, alkyl ether groups, alkyl ester groups, alkyl ketone groups, heterocyclic groups or their respective. Represents one of the derivatives. )

Can be mentioned. In such a helicene derivative, the anteroposterior relationship of the rings overlapping in the anterior-posterior direction cannot be freely converted. Express.

As the chiral compound contained in the liquid crystal composition, a compound having a large torsional force (Helical Twistying Power) is preferable so that the pitch of the spiral structure becomes small. In particular, when adjusting DH-FLC having a short spiral pitch of 400 nm or less, it is preferable to use a compound having a large torsional force. A compound having a large torsional force can reduce the amount of addition required to obtain a desired pitch, so that a chiral compound having a high raw material cost can be minimized, which is preferable from the viewpoint of cost reduction. From this point of view, a preferable chiral compound is a compound having an asymmetric atom.

Or a compound with axial chirality,

Can be mentioned. In formulas (IV-d1) to (IV-d5), R ⁷¹ and R ⁷² are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano (CN) group, isocyanate (NCO) group, isothiocyanate (NCS) group or carbon. Representing the number 1 to 20 alkyl groups, any one or more -CH _2- in this alkyl group is -O-, -S-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CH =. It may be replaced with CH-, -CF = CF-, or -C≡C-, any hydrogen in this alkyl may be replaced with halogen, and A ⁷¹ and A ⁷² are each independently aromatic. It represents a sex or non-aromatic 3- to 8-membered ring or a fused ring having 9 or more carbon atoms, and any hydrogen in these rings is a halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a haloalkyl group. It may be replaced, and one or more -CH _{2- of} the ring may be replaced by -O-, -S-, or -NH-, and one or more of -CH of the ring. = May be replaced with -N =
Z ⁷¹ and Z ⁷² each independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, but any -CH ₂ − is -O-, -S-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CSO-, -OCS-, -N = N-, -CH = N-, -N = CH-, -N (O) = N-, -N = N (O)-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, or -C≡C-, and any hydrogen may be replaced with halogen; X ⁷¹ and X ⁷² are independently single-bonded, -COO-, -OCO-, respectively. , -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , or -CH ₂ CH _2- , and m ₇₁ and m ₇₂ each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4. _{However, either one of m 71} and m ₇₂ in the formula (IV-d5) may be 0.
In formula (IV-d2), Ar ⁷¹ and Ar ⁷² each independently represent a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, in which any one or more arbitrary hydrogen atoms of the benzene ring are halogen atoms (F). , Cl, Br, I), methyl group, methoxy group, -CF ₃ , -OCF ₃ may be substituted.

In the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention, a chiral compound having a mesogen can also be used. As such a chiral compound, for example

Can be mentioned. In formulas (IV-e1) to (IV-e3),
R ⁸¹ , R ⁸² , R ⁸³ and Y ⁸¹ each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or 2 of the alkyl groups. One or more non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (CH ₃ )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-,- O-CO-O -, - S-CO -, - CO-S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or - It may be replaced with Si (CH ₃ ) _2- , and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a CN group, and has a polymerizable group. It may be said that the alkyl group may contain a condensed or spirocyclic system, and the alkyl group may contain one or more heteroatoms of one or more aromatics or aliphatics. These rings may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen, and Z ⁸¹ , Z ⁸² , Z ⁸³ , Z ^84, and Z ⁸⁵ are each independently carbon atoms. represents an alkylene group number is 1 to 40, one or more CH ₂ groups of said alkyl group is -O -, - S -, - NH -, - N (CH 3) -, - CO -, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH = CH-, -CH = CF-, -CF = CH-, -CF = CF-, It may be replaced by _{−CF 2- or −C≡C−.}
X ⁸¹ , X ⁸² and X ⁸³ are independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -CO-NH-, -NH-CO-,-, respectively. CH ₂ CH _2- , -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -SCH _2- , -CH ₂ S-, -CF = CF-, -CH = CH-, -OCO-CH = CH-, -C Representing ≡C− or a single bond, A ⁸¹ , A ⁸² and A ⁸³ independently represent a phenylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a dioxolandyl group, a cyclohexenylene group, a bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, a piperidine. Represents a cyclic group selected from a diyl group, a naphthalenediyl group, a decahydronaphthalenediyl group, a tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or an indandiyl group, and the phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or indandiyl group is in the ring. One or more of the -CH = groups may be replaced with a nitrogen atom, said cyclohexylene group, dioxolandyl group, cyclohexenylene group, bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, piperidinediyl group. , decahydronaphthalene-diyl group, tetrahydronaphthalene-diyl group, or Indanjiiru group -CH 2 that is not one or two adjacent in the ring _- groups may be replaced by -O- and / or -S- , One or more hydrogen atoms of the cyclic group are fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, CN groups, NO ₂ groups, or one or more hydrogen atoms are fluorine atoms or chlorine atoms. It may be replaced with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, and m ₈₁ , m ₈₂ and m ₈₃ are 0 or 1, respectively. , M ₈₁ + m ₈₂ + m ₈₃ is 1, 2 or 3. CH ^{* 81} and CH ^{* 82} each independently represent a chiral divalent group, and CH ^{* 83} represents a chiral trivalent group.

Here, ^{as the chiral divalent group used for CH * 81} and CH ^{* 82} , the following divalent group having an asymmetric atom

And the following divalent groups with axial chirality

Is preferable. However, ^{in these divalent groups used for CH * 81} and CH ^{* 82} , any one or more arbitrary hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring are halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), methyl groups. , Methoxy group, -CF ₃ , -OCF ₃ , and any one or more carbon atoms on the benzene ring may be substituted with nitrogen atoms.
As the chiral trivalent group used for ^{CH * 83 , -X 83} (Z ⁸³ A ⁸³ ) m ₈₃ R ⁸³ is placed at an arbitrary position of the chiral ^{divalent group used for CH * 81} and CH ^{* 82.} It suffices to become a trivalent group by being able to bind.

More preferably, the following compounds having an isosorbide skeleton as a chiral divalent group can be mentioned.

In the formula, R ⁹¹ and R ⁹² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or two or more adjacent to the alkyl group. Not -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, _{-NH-, -N (CH 3} )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO- O -, - S-CO - , - CO-S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or -Si (CH ₃ ) _{It may be replaced with 2-} , and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a CN group, and may have a polymerizable group. The alkyl group may comprise a fused or spirocyclic system and the alkyl group comprises one or more aromatic or aliphatic rings capable of containing one or more heteroatoms. These rings may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen.
Z ⁹¹ and Z ⁹² are independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N ( ^Ra )-. , -N ( ^Ra ) -CO-, -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -SCH _2- , -CH ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ S-, -SCF _2- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CH-, -CH = CF- , -CF = CF-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH = CH- or single bond, -CO-N ( ^Ra )-or -N Ra in ( ^Ra ) -CO- represents ^a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

<Polymerizable compound>
The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention can also be made into a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition by adding a polymerizable compound.

<Polymerizable compound (I)>
The polymerizable compound (I) used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention is of the general formula (Ia).

(In the formula (Ia), A ¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and A ² is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more alkylene groups present in the alkylene group). The methylene group may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, and one or one present in the alkylene group. two or more hydrogen atoms are each independently a fluorine atom, a methyl group or may be substituted with an ethyl group.), a ³ and a ⁶ are the independently several hydrogen atom or a carbon atom 1 18 Alkyl group (one or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are independently substituted with oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as if the oxygen atom does not directly bond to each other. One or two or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group may be independently substituted with a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms.) A ⁴ and A ⁷ are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups existing in the alkyl groups are assumed that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are independently halogen atoms or carbon atoms, respectively. It may be substituted with an alkyl group of numbers 1 to 9), k represents 1 to 40, and B ¹ , B ² and B ³ are independently hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms 1 to 10, respectively. Linear or branched alkyl groups (one or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are independently oxygen atoms, -CO-, -COO-, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Alternatively, it may be substituted with −OCO−), or the general formula (Ib).

(In the formula (IB), A ⁹ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and A ⁸ is a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more alkylene groups present in the alkylene group). The methylene group may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, and one or one present in the alkylene group. Two or more hydrogen atoms may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.) However, of 2k + 1 B ¹ , B ² and B ³ . The number of the base substances represented by the general formula (Ib) is 0 to 3), and the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (Ib) is preferable. Further, it is preferable that the glass transition temperature of the polymer of the polymerizable compound is −100 ° C. to 25 ° C.

_{In the present invention, the "alkylene group" is a divalent group "-(CH 2} ) _n " obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from each of the carbon atoms at both ends of the aliphatic linear hydrocarbon, unless otherwise specified. − ”(However, n is an integer of 1 or more), and its hydrogen atom is replaced with a halogen atom or an alkyl group, or a methylene group is replaced with an oxygen atom, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−. If there is a replacement, that fact shall be specifically refused. Further, the "alkylene chain length" means _{n in the general formula "-(CH 2} ) n-" of the "alkylene group".

The non-liquid crystal monomer (I) may contain a plurality of those represented by the general formula (Ia) having different main chain lengths and alkyl side chain lengths.

As a preferable structure of the polymerizable compound (I) represented by the general formula (Ia), the following general formula (Ic) is used.

(In formula (IC), A ¹¹ and A ¹⁹ independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and A ¹² and A ¹⁸ independently represent a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (1 to 15 carbon atoms, respectively). One or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are independently substituted with oxygen atoms, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, assuming that the oxygen atoms do not directly bond to each other. at best, one or more hydrogen atoms are each independently a fluorine atom existing in the alkylene group may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group.) represent, a ¹³ and a ¹⁶ are A linear alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms independently (one or two or more methylene groups existing in the linear alkyl group are independently bonded to each other, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. It represents an oxygen atom, which may be substituted with -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-), and A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (the said). One or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as if the oxygen atoms were not directly bonded to each other. may be substituted with one or two or more hydrogen atoms are each independently a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms present in the alkyl group.) represent, a ¹⁵ carbon An alkylene group having 9 to 16 atoms (in at least 1 to 5 methylene groups existing in the alkylene group, one of the hydrogen atoms in the methylene group is an independent direct sequence of 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Substituted with a chain or branched alkyl group. One or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are independently oxygen atoms and -CO-, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. , -COO- or -OCO- may be substituted.)), The compound represented by the general formula (Id).

(In the formula (Id), A ²¹ and A ²² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and a represents an integer of 6 to 22), a compound represented by the general formula (I-). e)

(In formula (I-e), A ³¹ and A ³² independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, b and c independently represent an integer of 1 to 10, and d is an integer of 1 to 10. Represents, e represents an integer of 0 to 6), and the general formula (If).

(In the formula (If), A ⁴¹ and A ⁴² independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m, n, p and q each independently represent an integer of 1 to 10.) One or more selected from the group consisting of the compounds to be used can be mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to include a compound represented by the formula (Ic).

As a preferable structure of the polymerizable compound represented by the general formula (Ic), it is preferable that both ^{A 11} and A ^{19 are hydrogen atoms.} The effects of the present invention are also exhibited in the compounds in which these substituents A ¹¹ and A ¹⁹ are methyl groups, but the compounds in which they are hydrogen atoms are advantageous in that the polymerization rate is faster.

It is preferable that A ¹² and A ¹⁸ are independently single bonds or alkylene groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, respectively. The distance between the two polymerizable functional groups ^{can be adjusted independently for A 12} and A ¹⁸ and A ¹⁵ by changing the length of each carbon number. The characteristic of the compound represented by the general formula (Ic) is that the distance between the polymerizable functional groups (distance between the cross-linking points) is long, but if this distance is too long, the polymerization rate becomes extremely slow. There is an upper limit to the distance between the polymerizable functional groups because it adversely affects the phase separation. On the other hand, the ^{distance between the two side chains of A 13} and A ¹⁶ also affects the motility of the main chain. That is, if ^{the distance between A 13} and A ¹⁶ is short, the side chains A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ will interfere with each other, resulting in a decrease in motility. Therefore, in the compound represented by the general formula (Ic), the distance between the polymerizable functional groups is determined by the sum of ^{A 12} , A ¹⁸ , and A ^15, of which A is not longer than ^{A 12} and A ^18. It is preferable to lengthen ^15.

On the other hand, in the side chains A ¹³ , A ¹⁴ , A ¹⁶ and A ¹⁷ , it is preferable that the lengths of these side chains have the following aspects.

In the general formula (Ic), A ¹³ and A ¹⁴ are bonded to the same carbon atom in the main chain, but when they have different lengths, the longer side chain is called ^{A 13 (the longer side chain is called A 13).} If ^{the length of A 13 and} the length of A ¹⁴ are equal, one of them is designated as A ¹³ ). Similarly, when the length of the length and A ¹⁷ of A ¹⁶ are different, if the length and the length of A ¹⁷ in the longer side chain of is referred to as A ¹⁶ (A ¹⁶ are equal, either the one A ¹⁶ ).

In the present application, such A ¹³ and A ¹⁶ are independently linear alkyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl groups are oxygen. Assuming that the atoms do not bond directly to each other, they may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-.)
Preferably, the linear alkyl groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms independently (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl groups do not directly bond oxygen atoms to each other. Each is independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-).
More preferably, a linear alkyl group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms independently (one or two or more methylene groups present in the linear alkyl group do not directly bond oxygen atoms to each other. , Each may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-).

Since the side chain has higher motility than the main chain, its presence contributes to the improvement of the motility of the polymer chain at low temperature, but as mentioned above, spatial interference occurs between the two side chains. In some situations, motility is reduced. In order to prevent such spatial interference between side chains, it is effective to increase the distance between the side chains and shorten the side chain length within a necessary range.

Further, ^{regarding A 14} and A ¹⁷ , in the present application, they are independently hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups existing in the alkyl groups have mutual oxygen atoms. They may be independently substituted with oxygen atoms, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO- as those that do not directly bond to the alkyl group, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkyl group are independent of each other. Is substituted with an alkyl group having a halogen atom or an number of carbon atoms 1 to 9), but preferably an alkyl group having a hydrogen atom or an number of carbon atoms 1 to 7 (the alkyl group) independently of each other. The one or more methylene groups present therein may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−, assuming that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. ), More preferably, each independently has a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group do not directly bond oxygen atoms to each other. Each of them may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-), and more preferably, each independently has a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. (One or more methylene groups present in the alkyl group are independently substituted with oxygen atoms, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, assuming that the oxygen atoms do not directly bond to each other. It may be.).

As for A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ , it is not preferable that the length is too long because it induces spatial interference between the side chains. On the other hand, when A ¹⁴ and A ¹⁷ are alkyl chains having a short length, they can be side chains with high mobility and have a function of inhibiting the approach between adjacent main chains. It is considered that it has an effect of preventing interference between polymer main chains and enhances the motility of the main chains, and it is possible to suppress the increase of anchoring energy at low temperature, and the polymer is stable. It is effective in improving the characteristics of the liquid crystal optical element in the low temperature range.

^{A 15} located between the two side chains is preferably longer in terms of changing the distance between the side chains and increasing the distance between the cross-linking points to lower the glass transition temperature. However, if A ¹⁵ is too long, the molecular weight of the compound represented by the general formula (Ic) becomes too large, the compatibility with the liquid crystal composition decreases, and the polymerization rate becomes too slow, resulting in phase separation. An upper limit is naturally set for the length because of adverse effects on the LCD.

Therefore, A ¹⁵ in the present invention, in at least one or more 5 or less methylene groups existing in the alkylene group (the alkylene group having carbon atoms 9-16, one of the hydrogen atoms in the methylene group each It is independently substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. One or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group assume that oxygen atoms do not directly bond to each other. , Each of which may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, −CO−, −COO− or −OCO−).

That is, it is preferable alkylene chain length of A ¹⁵ in the present invention is from 16 to 9 carbon atoms. As a ^{structural feature, A 15} has a structure in which a hydrogen atom in an alkylene group is substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The number of alkyl group substitutions is 1 or more and 5 or less, preferably 1 to 3, and more preferably 2 or 3 substitutions. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group to be substituted is preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 3.

The compound represented by the general formula (Ia) is described in Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 30, pp4985, Tetrahedron Letters, Vol. 23, No6, pp681-684, and Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. It can be synthesized by a known method such as 34, pp217-225.

For example, in the general formula (Ic), the ^{compound in which A 14} and A ¹⁷ are hydrogen is polymerizable between a compound having a plurality of epoxy groups and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid having active hydrogen capable of reacting with the epoxy group. It can be obtained by reacting with a compound to synthesize a polymerizable compound having a hydroxyl group, and then reacting with a saturated fatty acid.
Further, by reacting a compound having a plurality of epoxy groups with a saturated fatty acid to synthesize a compound having a hydroxyl group, and then reacting with a polymerizable compound such as an acrylic acid chloride having a group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group. Obtainable.

Further, when the radically polymerizable compound is, for example, A ¹⁴ and A ^{17 of} the general formula (Ic) are alkyl groups, and A ¹² and A ¹⁸ are methylene groups having 1 carbon atom, an oxetane group is used. A method of reacting a compound having a plurality of compounds with a fatty acid chloride or fatty acid that can react with an oxetane group, and further reacting a polymerizable compound having an active hydrogen such as acrylic acid, or a compound having one oxetane group. It can be obtained by a method of reacting with a polyvalent fatty acid chloride or fatty acid capable of reacting with an oxetane group, and further reacting with a polymerizable compound having active hydrogen such as acrylic acid.

^{When A 12} and A ^{18 of} the general formula (I-c) are alkylene groups (propylene group; -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH _2- ) having 3 carbon atoms, a plurality of furan groups are used instead of the oxetane group. It can be obtained by using the compound having. ^{Further, when A 12} and A ^{18 of} the general formula (Ic) are alkylene groups (butylene group; -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ CH _2- ) having 4 carbon atoms, a pyran group is used instead of the oxetane group. It can be obtained by using a compound having a plurality of.

<Polymerizable liquid crystal compound (II)>
The polymerizable liquid crystal compound (II) used in the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition of the present invention has the following general formula (II-a).

(In formula (II-a), R ³ and R ⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and C ⁴ and C ⁵ independently represent a 1,4-phenylene group and a 1,4-cyclo. Xylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6-diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group Group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indan-2,5-diyl group (these groups) Of these, 1,4-phenylene group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group and indan-2,5-diyl group are unsubstituted or It may have one or more fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, methyl groups, trifluoromethyl groups or trifluoromethoxy groups as substituents), and Z ³ and Z ⁵ are independently single-bonded or Z 5 respectively. An alkylene group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group are independently bonded to each other as oxygen atoms, -CO-, and-, respectively. It may be substituted with COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group may be independently substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, respectively. ) represents, ^{Z 4} is a single _{bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -} CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CH ₂ OCO-, -COOCH ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CH ₂ COO-, -OCOCH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-,- _{C≡C -, - CF 2 O -} , - OCF 2 -, -. COO- or -OCO- represents, ^{n 2} represents 0, 1 or 2 provided that ^{if n 2} is 2, there are multiple C ⁴ and Z ⁴ may be the same or different),

General formula (II-b)

(In formula (II-b), R ⁵ and R ⁶ each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and C ⁶ is a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, a pyridine-2, 5-diyl group, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl group, pyridazine-3,6-diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, cyclohexene-1,4-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2 , 6-Diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group or indan-2,5-diyl group (1,4-phenylene of these groups) The group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group and indan-2,5-diyl group are unsubstituted or as substituents, fluorine atom, chlorine. It can have one or more atoms, a methyl group, a trifluoromethyl group or a trifluoromethoxy group), and C ⁷ is a benzene-1,2,4-triyl group, benzene-1,3, Represents a 4-triyl group, a benzene-1,3,5-triyl group, a cyclohexane-1,2,4-triyl group, a cyclohexane-1,3,4-triyl group or a cyclohexane-1,3,5-triyl group. , Z ⁶ and Z ⁸ are independently single-bonded or alkylene groups having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (one or two or more methyl groups present in the alkylene group do not directly bond oxygen atoms to each other. Each of them may be independently substituted with an oxygen atom, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-, and one or more hydrogen atoms present in the alkylene group are independently fluorine atoms. represents may be substituted with a methyl group or an ethyl group), ^{Z 7} represents a single _{bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -.,} - CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 O- , -OCH ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CH ₂ CH ₂ O-, -OCH ₂ CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CH ₂ OCO-, -COOCH ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CH ₂ COO-, _{-OCOCH 2 CH 2 -, - CH} = CH -, - C≡C -, - CF 2 O -, - OCF 2 -, - represents COO- or -OCO-, ^{n 3} is 0, 1 or 2 However, when n ³ represents 2, the plurality of C ⁶ and Z ⁷ may be the same or different.),

And general formula (II-c)

(In formula (II-c), R ⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and the 6-membered rings T ¹ , T ² and T ³ are independent of each other.

(Where m represents an integer from 1 to 4), n ⁴ represents an integer of 0 or 1, and Y ⁰ , Y ¹ and Y ² are independently single-coupled, -CH ₂ CH. _{2 -, - CH 2 O -} , - OCH 2 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - C≡C -, - CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - CH _{2 CH 2 CH 2 O -,} - OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CHCH 2 CH 2 - or _-CH 2 _CH 2 represents CH = CH-, ^{Y 3} represents a single bond, -O -, - COO -Or -OCO-, where R ⁸ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. , Or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. ) Is at least one polymerizable compound (II) selected from the group consisting of.

More specifically, the general formulas (II-d) and (II-e)

(In formulas (II-d) and (II-e), m ¹ represents 0 or 1, and Y ¹¹ and Y ¹² are independently single-bonded, -O-, -COO- or -OCO-, respectively. Y ¹³ and Y ¹⁴ independently represent -COO- or -OCO-, Y ¹⁵ and Y ¹⁶ independently represent -COO- or -OCO-, respectively, and r and s independently represent -COO- or -OCO-, respectively. Represents an integer of 2-14. The 1,4-phenylene group present in the formula is unsubstituted or has 1 fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, trifluoromethyl group or trifluoromethoxy group as the substituent. It is preferable to use a compound represented by either one or two or more because an optical variant having excellent mechanical strength and heat resistance can be obtained.

Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (II-a) can be given in the following (II-1) to (II-10).

(In the formula, j and k each independently represent an integer of 2 to 14).

In addition, specific examples of the compounds represented by any of the general formulas (II-d) and (II-e) can be given in the following (II-11) to (II-20).

(In the formula, j and k each independently represent an integer of 2 to 14).

<Photopolymerizable monomer showing chiral properties>
The photopolymerizable monomer (polymerizable compound) is not limited to the achiral substance as described above, and a chiral substance may be used. As the photopolymerizable monomer exhibiting chiral properties, for example, a polymerizable compound represented by the following general formula (II-x) or (II-y) can be used.

In the above formula (II-x) and formula (II-y), X represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Further, n ⁴ represents an integer of 0 or 1, and n ⁵ represents an integer of 0, 1 or 2. However, when n ⁵ represents 2, a plurality of T ⁴ and Y ⁴ may be the same or different.
Further, the 6-membered rings T ¹ , T ² , T ³ and T ⁴ represent substituents having a 6-membered ring structure such as a 1,4-phenylene group and a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group. However, the 6-membered rings T ¹ , T ² , and T ³ are not limited to these substituents, and have the following structure.

It suffices to have any one kind of substituents among the substituents having the above, and they may be the same or different from each other. In the above substituent, m represents an integer of 1 to 4.
^{Further, T 5} in the formula (II-y) is a benzene-1,2,4-triyl group, a benzene-1,3,4-triyl group, a benzene-1,3,5-triyl group, a cyclohexane-1, Represents a cyclic trivalent group such as a 2,4-triyl group, a cyclohexane-1,3,4-triyl group or a cyclohexane-1,3,5-triyl group.

^{Further, Y 1} , Y ² , and Y ⁴ in the formula (II-x) and the formula (II-y) are independently linear or branched chains having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. It is an alkylene group, and one CH ₂ group existing in this group or two non-adjacent CH ₂ groups are formed by -O-, -S-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-. It may be replaced, a single _{bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -} CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 -, - COO -, - OCO -, - C≡C -, - CH = CH -, - CF _{= CF -, - (CH 2} ) 4 -, - CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 O -, - OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH = CHCH 2 CH 2 -, or _-CH 2 _CH 2 _CH = CH- May include. Further, it may or may not contain an asymmetric carbon atom. That is, Y ¹ and Y ² may be the same or different as long as they have any of the above-mentioned structures.
Further, Y ⁰ and Y ³ represent a single bond, −O−, −OCO−, −COO−.
Z ¹ represents an alkylene group having an asymmetric carbon atom and having a branched chain structure and having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
Z ² represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and may or may not contain an asymmetric carbon atom.

The polymerizable compound used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention is any one or a combination of two or more of (I), (II), (II-x), and (II-y) described above. You may use it.

When the strong dielectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention contains a polymerizable compound, radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization and the like can be used as the polymerization method, but it is preferable to polymerize by radical polymerization.

As the radical polymerization initiator, a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator can be used, but a photopolymerization initiator is preferable. Specifically, the following compounds are preferable.
Diethoxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, benzyldimethylketal, 1- (4-isopropylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one, 4-( 2-Hydroxyethoxy) phenyl- (2-hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl-phenylketone, 2-methyl-2-morpholino (4-thiomethylphenyl) propan-1-one, 2-benzyl- Acetphenone type such as 2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone;

Benzoins such as benzoin, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether;
Acylphosphine oxide system such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide;
Benzyl, methylphenylgrioxy ester type;
Benzophenone, methyl o-benzoyl benzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyl-diphenylsulfide, acrylicized benzophenone, 3,3', 4,4' Benzophenone systems such as -tetra (t-butylperoxycarbonyl) benzophenone, 3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone;
Thioxanthone series such as 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-dimethylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2,4-dichlorothioxanthone;
Aminobenzophenone systems such as Michler ketone, 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone;
10-Butyl-2-chloroacridone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, camphorquinone and the like are preferred. Of these, benzyl dimethyl ketal is most preferred.

In the present invention, a polyfunctional liquid crystal monomer can be added in addition to the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (II). As the polyfunctional liquid crystal monomer, as a polymerizable functional group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an acrylamide group, a methacrylicamide group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, an ethynyl group, a mercapto group, a maleimide group, ClCH = CHCONH-, CH ₂ = CCl-, CHCl = CH-, RCH = CHCOO- (where R represents chlorine, fluorine, or a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 18 carbon atoms), among which acryloyl An oxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an epoxy group, a mercapto group and a vinyloxy group are preferable, a methacryloyloxy group or an acryloyloxy group is particularly preferable, and an acryloyloxy group is most preferable.

The molecular structure of the polyfunctional liquid crystal monomer includes a liquid crystal skeleton characterized by having two or more ring structures, a polymerizable functional group, and at least two flexible groups linking the liquid crystal skeleton and the polymerizable functional group. Those having three flexible groups are preferable, and those having three flexible groups are more preferable. Flexible groups include _{an alkylene spacer group represented by − (CH 2} ) _n − (where n represents an integer) and − (Si (CH ₃ ) ₂ −O) _n − (where n represents an integer). A siloxane spacer group represented by (representing an integer) can be mentioned, and among these, an alkylene spacer group is preferable. Bonds such as -O-, -COO-, and -CO- may be interposed at the bonding portion between these flexible groups and the liquid crystal skeleton or the polymerizable functional group.

Organic particles, inorganic particles, organic-inorganic hybrid particles, etc. for the purpose of improving the response speed of the liquid crystal composition, improving the orientation stability, lowering the threshold voltage, improving the lowering of the response speed at low temperature, stabilizing the layer structure, etc. Nanoparticles can also be added. Examples of the organic particles include polymer particles such as polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyhydroxyacrylate, and divinylbenzene. Examples of the inorganic particles include _{oxides such as barium titanate (BaTIO 3} ), SiO ₂ , TiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ , and metals such as Au, Ag, Cu and Pd. The organic particles and the inorganic particles may be hybrid particles whose surface is coated with another material, or may be organic-inorganic hybrid particles whose surface is coated with an organic material. When the organic substance applied to the surface of the inorganic particles exhibits liquid crystallinity, the surrounding liquid crystal molecules tend to be oriented, which is preferable.

In addition, if necessary, add antioxidants, UV absorbers, non-reactive oligomers and inorganic fillers, organic fillers, polymerization inhibitors, defoamers, leveling agents, plasticizers, silane coupling agents, etc. as appropriate. You may. Further, it may contain a biaxial compound, a trap material for ions and polar compounds, and the like.
Molecular structures that exhibit biaxiality in biaxial compounds include a plate-like structure, a structure in which a disk and a rod are combined, a structure in which a semi-disk and a rod are combined, a bent structure such as a banana-shaped liquid crystal display, and a lateral connection (molecular side). A chain-linked structure) is preferable, and specific biaxial compounds include J.I. Mater. Chem. , 2010, 20, 4263-4294, The Chemical Record, Vol. 4, Examples include compounds described in the literature such as 10-22 (2004).

The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition may be subjected to a purification treatment with silica, alumina or the like for the purpose of removing impurities and the like or further increasing the specific resistance value. The specific resistance value of the liquid crystal composition ^{is preferably 10 11} Ω · cm or more, more preferably 10 ¹² Ω · cm or more, and more preferably 10 ¹³ Ω · cm or more in order to be driven by THT. Further, as a method for preventing the influence of cations existing as impurities in the liquid crystal composition, a cation inclusion compound such as crown ether, podand, coronando, or cryptondand can be added.
In order to maintain the performance of the liquid crystal optical element even in a low temperature environment, it is preferable that the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition has low temperature storage stability. ^{The low temperature storage stability of the liquid crystal composition is preferably maintained at SmC *} in an environment of 0 ° C. or lower and 24 hours or longer, more preferably -20 ° C. or lower, 500 hours or longer, still more preferably -30 ° C. or lower, 700. It is preferable to maintain ^{SmC *} in an environment of more than an hour.

(Nematic composition)
As the liquid crystal component according to the present invention, a nematic composition is preferable. The nematic composition preferably contains the following liquid crystal compounds.
The liquid crystal preferably contains a compound represented by the following general formula (LC).

(In the general formula (LC), R ^LC represents an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, one or two or more CH ₂ groups in the alkyl group, so that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent, - It may be substituted with O-, -CH = CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, -COO- or -C≡C-, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are optionally halogen. It may be substituted with an atom, and A ^LC1 and A ^LC2 are independent of each other.
(A) Trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group (one CH ₂ group existing in this group or two or more CH _two groups not adjacent to each other may be substituted with an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. .),
(B) 1,4-phenylene group (one CH group existing in this group or two or more CH groups not adjacent to each other may be substituted with a nitrogen atom), and (c) 1 , 4-bicyclo (2.2.2) octylene group, naphthalene-2,6-diyl group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl Group, or chroman-2,6-diyl group,
Representing a group selected from the group consisting of, one or more hydrogen atoms contained in the above group (a), group (b) or group (c) are F, Cl, CF ₃ or OCF, respectively. ₃ may be substituted ^{with, Z LC} is a single bond, -CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - C≡C -, - CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - OCH _{2 -, - CH 2 O -} , - OCF 2 -, - CF 2 O -, - represents COO- or ^{-OCO-, Y LC} is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, and the number of carbon atoms Representing an alkyl group of 1 to 15, one or more CH ₂ groups in the alkyl group are −O−, −CH = CH−, −CO−, − so that oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other. It may be substituted with OCO-, -COO-, -C≡C-, -CF _{2 O-, -OCF 2-} , and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are optionally substituted with halogen atoms. Although a represents an integer of 1 to 4, when a represents 2, 3 or 4, and there are a plurality of ^{A LC1 , the existing A LC1s} are different even if they are the same. If there are a plurality of Z ^{LCs , the plurality of Z LCs} may be the same or different. )
The compounds represented by the general formula (LC) are the following general formulas (LC1) and general formulas (LC2).

(In the formula, R ^LC11 and R ^LC21 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and one or two or more CH ₂ groups in the alkyl group do not have oxygen atoms directly adjacent to each other. , -O-, -CH = CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, -COO- or -C≡C-, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be substituted. optionally may be substituted by a halogen atom, a ^LC11, and a ^LC21 each independently either structure:

(The structure, one or more CH ₂ groups in cyclohexylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, one or two or more CH groups in a 1,4-phenylene group nitrogen It may be substituted with an atom, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the structure _{may be substituted with F, Cl, CF 3} or OCF ₃ ), and represents X ^LC11 , X. ^{LC12, X} LC21 ^{~X LC23} each independently represents a hydrogen atom, Cl, F, and CF _3, or OCF ^{_3, Y LC11} and ^{Y LC21} each independently represents hydrogen atom, Cl, F, _CN, CF 3, OCH ₂ F, represents OCHF ₂ or OCF ^{_3, Z LC11} and ^{Z LC21} each independently represent a single bond, -CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - C≡C -, - CH 2 CH 2 -, - _{(CH 2) 4 -, -} OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCF 2 -, - CF 2 O -, - represents COO- or ^{-OCO-, m LC11} and ^{m LC21} each independently 1 It represents an integer of ~ 4, ^{and when a plurality of A LC11} , A ^LC21 , Z ^LC11 and Z ^LC21 exist, they may be the same or different. )
It is preferable that the compound is one or more selected from the compound group represented by.

R ^LC11 and R ^LC21 are each independently preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. A group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are more preferable, and a linear alkenyl group is more preferable, and the alkenyl group most preferably has the following structure.

(In the formula, it shall be connected to the ring structure at the right end.)
The following structures are preferable for A ^LC11 and A ^{LC21 independently of each other.}

Y ^LC11 and Y ^LC21 are independent of each other, _{preferably F, CN, CF 3} or OCF ₃ , preferably F or OCF ₃ , and particularly preferably F.
Z ^LC11 and ^{Z LC21} is a single _{bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -} COO -, - OCO -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCF 2 - or _-CF 2 O-are more preferably a single bond , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -OCH _2- , -OCF _2- or -CF ₂ O- are preferred, and single bond, -OCH _2- or -CF ₂ O- are more preferred.
m ^LC11 and m ^LC21 are preferably 1, 2 or 3, preferably 1 or 2 when storage stability at low temperature and response speed are important, and 2 or 3 for improving the upper limit of the nematic phase upper limit temperature. Is preferable.
The general formula (LC1) is from the following general formula (LC1-a) to the general formula (LC1-c).

^{(Wherein, R LC11, Y LC11, X} LC11 and ^{X LC12} each independently represent the same meaning as ^{R LC11,} Y ^{LC11, X} LC11 and ^{X LC12} in the general formula ^{(LC1), A LC1a1, A} LC1a2 and A ^LC1b1 represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, and a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, and represents X ^LC1b1 , X ^LC1b2 , X ^{LC1c1 to} X ^LC1c4. Is each independently represented by a hydrogen atom, Cl, F, CF ₃ or OCF ₃ ), and is preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds.
R ^LC11 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, respectively, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and carbon. Alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 atoms and alkenyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are more preferable.
Each of X ^{LC11 to} X ^LC1c4 is preferably a hydrogen atom or F independently.
Y ^LC11 is preferably _{F, CF 3} or OCF ₃ independently of each other.
Further, the general formula (LC1) is changed from the following general formula (LC1-d) to the general formula (LC1-m).

^{(Wherein, R LC11, Y LC11, X} LC11 and ^{X LC12} each independently represent the same meaning as ^{R LC11,} Y ^{LC11, X} LC11 and ^{X LC12} in the general formula ^{(LC1), A LC1d1, A} LC1f1, A ^LC1g1 , A ^LC1j1 , A ^LC1k1 , A ^LC1k2 , A ^{LC1m1 to} A ^LC1m3 are 1,4-phenylene group, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,3- ^Represents a dioxane-2,5-diyl group, X LC1d1, X ^LC1d2 , X ^LC1f1 , X ^LC1f2 , X ^LC1g1 , X ^LC1g2 , X ^LC1h1 , X ^LC1h2 , X ^LC1i1 , X ^LC1i2 , X ^{LC1 i2} , X ^LC1 X ^LC1k2 , X ^LC1m1 and X ^LC1m2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, Cl, F, CF ₃ or OCF ₃ , and Z ^LC1d1 , Z ^LC1e1 , Z ^LC1j1 , Z ^LC1k1 and Z ^LC1m1 are independently single-bonded. -CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - C≡C -, - CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCF 2 -, - It is preferably one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by _{CF 2 O-, -COO- or -OCO-).}
R ^LC11 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, respectively, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and carbon. Alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 atoms and alkenyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are more preferable.
Each of X ^{LC11 to} X ^{LC1 m2} is preferably a hydrogen atom or F independently.
Y ^LC11 is preferably _{F, CF 3} or OCF ₃ independently of each other.
Z ^{LC1d1 to} Z ^LC1m1 are preferably _{−CF 2} O− and −OCH ₂ − independently of each other.
The general formula (LC2) is from the following general formula (LC2-a) to the general formula (LC2-g).

(In the formula, R ^LC21 , Y ^LC21 , X ^{LC21 to} X ^LC23 independently represent the same meanings as ^{R LC21} , Y ^LC21 , X ^{LC21 to} X ^LC23 in the general formula (LC2) ^{, and X LC2d1 to} X ^LC2d4 , X ^{LC2e1 to} X ^LC2e4 , X ^{LC2f1 to} X ^LC2f4 and X ^{LC2g1 to} X ^LC2g4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, Cl, F, CF ₃ or OCF ₃ , Z ^LC2a1 , Z ^LC2b1 , Z ^LC2c1 , Z ^LC2 . ^{LC2e1, Z LC2f1} and ^{Z LC2g1} each independently represent a single bond, -CH = CH -, - CF = CF -, - C≡C -, - CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - OCH _{2 -, - CH 2 O -} , - OCF 2 -, - CF 2 O -, -. the COO- or an -OCO-) 1 kind selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by two or more compounds Is preferable.
The R ^LC21 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, respectively, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and carbon. Alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 atoms and alkenyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms are more preferable.
X ^{LC21 to} X ^LC2g4 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or F, and Y ^LC21 is preferably independently F, CF ₃ or OCF ₃ .
Z ^{LC2a1 to} Z ^LC2g4 are preferably _{−CF 2} O− and −OCH ₂ − independently of each other.
The compounds represented by the general formula (LC) are described in the following general formulas (LC3) to (LC5).

^(Wherein represents ^{R LC31, R LC32, R LC41} , R LC42, alkyl groups ^{R LC51} and ^{R LC52} is 1-15 carbon atoms independently, one in the alkyl group or two or more The _two CH groups may be substituted with -O-, -CH = CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, -COO- or -C≡C- so that the oxygen atoms are not directly adjacent to each other, and the alkyl group may be substituted. one or more hydrogen atoms in may be optionally substituted by a halogen ^{atom, a LC31, a LC32, a} LC41, a LC42, a LC51 and ^{a LC52} are independently any of the following Structure of

(One or more CH ₂ groups may be replaced by an oxygen atom, one or two or more CH groups are nitrogen atoms in the 1,4-phenylene group of the structure during cyclohexylene It may be substituted with, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the structure may be substituted with _{Cl, CF 3} or OCF ₃ ^{), and Z LC31} , Z. ^{LC32, Z LC41, Z LC42,} Z LC51 and ^{Z LC51} each independently represent a single bond, -CH = CH -, - C≡C -, - CH 2 CH 2 -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - COO -, -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -OCF _2- or -CF ₂ O-, Z ⁵ represents CH ₂ or oxygen atom, X ^LC41 represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom, m ^{LC31, m LC32, m LC41,} m LC42, m LC51 and ^{m LC52} represent 0-3 ^{independently, m LC31 + m LC32, m} LC41 + m LC42 and ^m LC51 ^{+ m LC52} is 1, 2 or 3, When ^{there are a plurality of A LC31 to} A ^LC52 and Z ^{LC31 to} Z ^LC52 , they may be the same or different. ) Is preferably one or more compounds selected from the compound group represented by).
Each of R ^{LC31 to} R ^LC52 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and the alkenyl group has the following structure. Is most preferable to represent

(In the formula, it shall be connected to the ring structure at the right end.)
The following structures are preferable for A ^{LC31 to} A ^{LC52 independently of each other.}

Z ^{LC31 to Z LC51} are independently single-bonded, with -CH ₂ O-, -COO-, _{-OCO-, -CH 2} CH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- or -OCH _2-. preferable.
The general formula (LC3) is the following general formula (LC3-a) and general formula (LC3-b).

(In the formula, R ^LC31 , R ^LC32 , A ^LC31 and Z ^LC31 independently represent the same meanings as ^{R LC31} , R ^LC32 , A ^LC31 and Z ^LC31 in the general formula (LC3), respectively ^{, and X LC3b1 to} X ^LC3b6 have the same meanings. Representing a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, but ^{at least one combination of X LC3b1} and X ^LC3b2 or X ^LC3b3 and X ^LC3b4 both represents a fluorine atom, m ^LC3a1 is 1, 2 or 3, m ^LC3b1 is 0 or 1 and ^{when there are a plurality of A LC31} and Z ^LC31 , they may be the same or different.) One or more compounds selected from the compound group represented by). Is preferable.
R ^LC31 and R ^LC32 independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. It is preferable to represent.
A ^LC31 preferably represents a 1,4-phenylene group, a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, and a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group. , 4-Phenylene group, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group is more preferable.
Z ^LC31 is a single _{bond, -CH 2 O -, - COO} -, - OCO -, - CH 2 CH 2 - is preferred to represent, and more preferably a single bond.
As the general formula (LC3-a), it is preferable to represent the following general formulas (LC3-a1) to general formulas (LC3-a4).

(In the formula, R ^LC31 and R ^LC32 independently represent the same meanings as ^{R LC31} and R ^LC32 in the general formula (LC3).)
R ^LC31 and R ^LC32 are each independently preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and R ^LC31 has 1 carbon atom number. More preferably, it represents an alkyl group of ^~ 7, and RLC32 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
The general formula (LC3-b) preferably represents the following general formulas (LC3-b1) to (LC3-b12), and the general formula (LC3-b1), the general formula (LC3-b6), and the general formula (LC3-b6). It is more preferable to represent (LC3-b8) and the general formula (LC3-b11), and it is further preferable to represent the general formula (LC3-b1) and the general formula (LC3-b6). Most preferably.

(In the formula, R ^LC31 and R ^LC32 independently represent the same meanings as ^{R LC31} and R ^LC32 in the general formula (LC3).)
R ^LC31 and R ^LC32 are each independently preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and R ^LC31 has 2 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it represents an alkyl group of 3, and it is more preferable that ^{RLC32 represents an alkyl group having 2 carbon atoms.}
The general formula (LC4) is from the following general formula (LC4-a) to the general formula (LC4-c), and the general formula (LC5) is from the following general formula (LC5-a) to the general formula (LC5-c).

^{(Wherein, R LC41,} R ^LC42 and ^{X LC41} each independently represent the same meaning as ^{R LC41, R LC42} and ^{X LC41} in the general formula ^{(LC4), R LC51} and ^{R LC52} is the general independently represents the same meaning as ^{R LC51} and ^{R LC52} in formula ^{(LC5), Z LC4a1, Z} LC4b1, Z LC4c1, Z LC5a1, Z LC5b1 and ^{Z LC5c1} each independently represent a single bond, -CH = CH -, - C≡ _{C -, - CH 2 CH 2} -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - COO -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - expressed in or an _{-CF 2} O-) - OCF 2. It is more preferable that one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the above compounds.
^{R LC41,} R LC42, R ^LC51 and ^{R LC52} each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, the number alkenyl group or a carbon atom of 2 to 7 carbon atoms 2 It preferably represents an alkenyloxy group of ~ 7.
Z ^{LC4a1 to} Z ^LC5c1 each independently represent a single bond, -CH ₂ O- _{, -COO-, -OCO-, and -CH 2} CH _2-, and more preferably a single bond.
The compound represented by the general formula (LC) is described in the following general formula (LC6).

(In the formula, R ^LC61 and R ^LC62 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and one or two or more CH ₂ groups in the alkyl group do not have oxygen atoms directly adjacent to each other. , -O-, -CH = CH-, -CO-, -OCO-, -COO- or -C≡C-, and one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group may be substituted. It may be optionally halogen-substituted, and A ^{LC61 to} A ^LC63 are independently described below.

_{(One or more CH 2} CH ₂ groups in the cyclohexylene group in the structure may be substituted with -CH = CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _{2-, 1,4-} One or more CH groups in the phenylene group may be substituted with a nitrogen atom), and Z ^LC61 and Z ^LC62 are independently single-bonded, -CH = CH-,-. _{C≡C -, - CH 2 CH 2} -, - (CH 2) 4 -, - COO -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCF 2 - or _-CF 2 O-a ^{represents, m III1} Represents 0 to 3. However, compounds represented by the general formula (LC1) to the general formula (LC6) are excluded. A liquid crystal composition containing one or more compounds represented by) is preferable.
R ^LC61 and R ^LC62 are each independently preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, and an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and the alkenyl group has the following structure. Is most preferable to represent

(In the formula, it shall be connected to the ring structure at the right end.)
The following structures are preferable for A ^{LC61 to} A ^{LC63 independently of each other.}

Z ^LC61 and ^{Z LC62} each independently represent a single _{bond, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -} COO -, - OCH 2 -, - CH 2 O -, - OCF 2 - or _-CF 2 O-are preferred.
The general formula (LC6) is from the general formula (LC6-a) to the general formula (LC6-m).

(In the formula, R ^LC61 and R ^LC62 independently have an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or 2 to 7 carbon atoms. It is more preferable that the compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by (representing the alkoxy group).

<Polymerizable compound>
The nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention can also be made into a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition by adding a polymerizable compound. The polymer-stabilized liquid crystal composition is preferably added to the nematic liquid crystal composition as a monomer which is a precursor of the polymer component. As the monomer, the same monomer as the polymerizable compound used in the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition can be used.

"Lubricating component"
In the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention, it is preferable that the degree of orientation order of the lubricating component is different from the degree of orientation order of the liquid crystal component.

In the present invention, the boundary region means a region (so-called non-uniform phase) including boundary lines (or surfaces) in which the orientation directions of the liquid crystal domains are different from each other in the liquid crystal composition, and the preferable state of the boundary region is The following three states are exemplified.
(State 1)
A state in which a liquid crystal component and a lubricating component are mixed in the boundary region, and the order of the liquid crystal components mixed in the boundary region is lower than the order of the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal domain 1 or the liquid crystal domain 2.
(State 2)
The boundary region are mixed and the liquid crystal component and a lubricating component, degree of order of the lubricating components present in the boundary region may be higher or lower than the liquid crystal order parameter of the liquid crystal domains 1 or the liquid crystal domain 2, and a lubricating component A state in which the interaction of the liquid crystal domain 1 or the liquid crystal domain 2 with the liquid crystal (molecule) is weaker than the interaction between the liquid crystals in the liquid crystal domain 1 or the liquid crystal domain 2.
(State 3)
Are mixed and the liquid crystal component and a lubricating component in the boundary area, strong interaction with liquid crystal of the lubricating component and the liquid crystal domains 1 or the liquid crystal domain 2 may be weaker, degree of order of the lubricating component or a liquid crystal domain 1 A state lower than the order of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal domain 2.

It is more preferable that the orientation order of the lubricating component according to the present invention is equal to or less than the orientation order of the liquid crystal component, and even more preferably the orientation order of the lubricating component is lower than the orientation order of the liquid crystal component.
The degree of orientation order S is expressed by the following mathematical formula (1).

Here, in the mathematical formula (1), <> is the thermal average, P ₂ (θ) is the quadratic Legendre polynomial, θ is the angle formed by the major axis of each molecule with the orientation vector n, and f (θ) is the distribution function. And f (θ) dΩ is the probability of finding a molecule in the minute solid angle dΩ. Further, the orientation order S can be measured by NMR, a polarization absorption method, or the like. The degree of orientation order differs between the liquid and the liquid crystal display. Liquid crystals have an orientation order, whereas liquids are isotropic and therefore do not have an orientation order. The lubricating component may be a liquid crystal compound having a smaller degree of orientation order than the liquid crystal component, but a compound that can exist as an isotropic liquid is preferable. By adding fine particles or a polymer to the liquid crystal component, it is possible to form a boundary region partitioning between the liquid crystal domains by disturbing the orientation order or the like.
The lubricating component according to the present invention may exhibit liquid crystallinity. In that case, since the lubricating component functions as a liquid crystal component, the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention may be composed of only a lubricating component exhibiting liquid crystal properties. For example, when a photoresponsive azo compound (formula (Ia-1)) is selected as the lubricating component according to the present invention, the azo compound exhibits liquid crystallinity and its solubility changes in response to light. .. Therefore, when the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention (formula (Ia-1)) is filled in a liquid crystal cell composed of a pair of substrates and a part of the liquid crystal composition filled in the cells is irradiated with light, the liquid crystal composition is irradiated. The solubility of the compound of (formula (Ia-1)) in the above region changes due to the change in its chemical structure. As a result, the region irradiated with light becomes the boundary region according to the present invention, and the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are divided into the boundary region according to the present invention, which is the region irradiated with light. Can be partitioned. As a result, a boundary region is formed by irradiating light, and a first liquid crystal domain and a second liquid crystal domain are formed at the boundary region, and movement of liquid crystal molecules in response to an electric field application between these domains. Collision due to can be reduced.

One of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is a step of applying an external stimulus to at least a part of a lubricating component containing a stimulus-responsive substance whose chemical structure is changed by an external stimulus, and activation in response to the external stimulus. This is a high-speed response treatment method for a liquid crystal composition containing a lubricating component, which comprises a step of forming at least two liquid crystal domains having different orientation directions starting from a region containing a stimulus-responsive substance.

By locally applying an external stimulus such as light, magnetic field, or electric field to a stimulus-responsive substance, changes in solubility and phase separation due to changes in the chemical structure of the lubricating component containing the stimulus-responsive substance can be obtained. Regions are formed that contain the stimulating and activated stimulus-responsive material. Then, at least two or more liquid crystal domains having different orientation directions are formed with this region as the starting point (also referred to as a so-called boundary region or slippy interface). As a result, since the region containing the activated stimulus-responsive substance becomes the boundary region, it is possible to smooth the movement of each liquid crystal molecule in the liquid crystal domain having different orientation directions when an external voltage is applied. Conceivable.

It is preferable that the lubricating component according to the present invention and the liquid crystal component according to the present invention are phase-separated.
The lubricating component according to the present invention preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of photoresponsive materials, solvents, polymers, fine particles, gels and compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group.

The photoresponsive material according to the present invention includes, as photoisomerizable compounds, for example, an azobenzene derivative, a stylben derivative, a spiropyran derivative, a spirobenzopyran derivative, an α-aryl-β-ketoic acid derivative, and an α-hydrazono-β. − Ketoic acid derivative, chalcone derivative, azo compound derivative, benzilidenphthalimidene derivative, hemithioindigo derivative, thioindigo derivative, spiroxazine derivative, cinnamaldehyde derivative, retinal derivative, flugide derivative, diarylethene derivative, polymethine compound, benzothiazolinospyropyrane At least one selected from derivatives, benzochiopyrane-based pyropyran derivatives, and their isomers and heteroelement substituents is preferable.
Further, as a compound capable of photoisomerization, the general formula (Ia-1)

(In the formula _{, La represents a} polymerizable group or a hydrogen atom, Sa represents a spacer unit, and P represents a photochemically isomerizable and non-photochemically crosslinked site.)
A compound represented by is used.

In the general formula (Ia-1), P is the following general formula (VI).

(Wherein the dashed line represents a bond to S _a, the other a broken line when attached only on one dashed bonded to a hydrogen ^{atom; A 1, A 2, A} 3, A 4 and ^{A 5} are each independently a 1,4-naphthylene group, 2,6-naphthylene group, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, 2,5-thiophenylene group, 2 , 5-Flanylene group or 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted or have one or more hydrogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, methoxy group, -NR ¹ R ² (in the formula). , R ¹ and R ² each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.) Or may be substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom.
Although p, q, r, s and t independently represent 0 or 1, they represent 0 <q + r + s + t. )

It is preferable that the structure is represented by, and A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ are independently 1,4-naphthylene group, 2,6-naphthylene group and pyridine-2,5, respectively. -Represents a diyl group, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl group or 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydrogen atoms with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group. A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ are independently 2,6-naphthylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl, respectively. It represents a group or a 1,4-phenylene group, which is more preferably unsubstituted or one or more hydrogen atoms substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, where q + r + s + t is 1. More than 2 or less is more preferable, and A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ each independently represent a 2,6-naphthylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted. Alternatively, it is particularly preferable that one or more hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group, or a methoxy group, and p and q + r + s + t are particularly preferably 1.

In order to improve the liquid crystal orientation, A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ are independently pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group or 1,4- A phenylene group is preferred. Further, in order to improve the solubility of the polymer, A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ are independently 1,4-naphthylene group, 2,6-naphthylene group and 2,5-. A thiophenylene group or a 2,5-furanylene group is preferable. Further, in order to reduce the amount of light irradiation required for orienting the liquid crystal, A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ are pyridine-2,5-diyl groups and pyrimidine-2,5-diyl. A group, a 2,5-thiophenylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group is preferable, and q + r + s + t is preferably 1 to 2. Further, in order to perform photo-orientation at a longer wavelength, A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ and A ⁵ are pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, 2,5-thiophenylene group, 2,6- A naphthylene group and a 2,5-phenylene group are preferable, and q + r + s + t is preferably 1 to 3.
The general formula (VI) includes many compounds. Specifically, the following general formulas (P-a-1) to (P-e-7)

The compound represented by is particularly preferable.

Among them, general formulas (P-a-1) to (P-a-9), general formulas (P-b-1) to (P-b-8), general formulas (P-c-1) or general formulas (P-c-1) The compound represented by P-e-5) is more preferable.
In the general formula (Ia-1), Sa preferably represents a group similar to Sc in the general formula (Ia-3).
The solvent according to the present invention is preferably a polar solvent. A phase separation can be easily formed with a liquid crystal component exhibiting hydrophobicity, in which the lubricating component of the present invention is a polar solvent. Further, the polar solvent may be an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent, and in the case of an aqueous solvent, an aqueous solution containing a known salt, buffer salt, metal ion or the like may be used. Examples of the polar solvent include, for example, alcohols such as water, methanol, ethanol and propanol; glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol; glycol ethers such as diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl acetate; acetic acid. Esters such as methyl, ethyl acetate; other solvents such as glycerin, polyethylene glycol, THF, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like. Further, the solvent according to the present invention may be used alone or in combination of two or more polar solvents.

Examples of the polymer according to the present invention include polyalkylene resins, polystyrene resins, vinyl resins, vinylidene resins, acrylic resins, thermoplastic polyurethanes, acetal resins, polycarbonates, fluororesins, silicon resins, polyamide resins, and polyimide resins. Resin, PPO resin (polyphenylene oxide), noryl resin, polysulfone, polydiphenyl ether, polyether, polyyuria resin, polyethylene oxide, polybisdiene resin, polyparaphenyl ether, polythiazole, polyoxythiazole, polytriazole, TPX resin (4-methylpentine) -1 resin), phenoxy resin, polyphenylene, polybenzocyclobutene, polyquinolin, polybenzoxazole, polyhydrantine, polyhydrazide, rosin resin, synthetic rubber, ionomer, sugar chain, polypeptide, etc. and their derivatives or co-weights Coalescence can be given. Examples of the thermosetting resin include phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, xylene resin, furan resin, diallyl phthalate resin, polyester, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, aniline resin, polyurethane, polyimide, alkylbenzene resin, and guanamine resin. Examples of polyesters and alkyd resins include unsaturated polyesters, glyptal-based resins, isophthalic acid-based resins, terephthalic acid-based resins, aliphatic polyesters, and polycarbonates. Examples of the polyalkylene resin include polypropylene, polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethyl ethylene acrylate copolymer resin and the like.

Polystyrene-based resins are polystyrene and its copolymer resins, such as polystyrene, ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer resin), ASA resin (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer resin), chain polyester, and AS. Examples thereof include a resin (acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin) and an ACS resin (acrylonitrile-vinyl chloride-styrene copolymer resin). Examples of the synthetic rubber include butadiene-based synthetic rubber, olephine-based synthetic rubber, and polysulfide-based synthetic rubber. Vinyl-based resins include vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetoacetal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl synnamate, polyvinyl acetal, etc., as well as vinyl-based resins. There are copolymer resins with vinylidene resin, acrylic nitrile resin, ethylene resin, acrylic resin, styrene resin, etc., for example, vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer resin, vinyl chloride vinylidene chloride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride. Examples thereof include acrylonitrile copolymer resin, ethylene vinyl chloride copolymer resin, vinyl chloride acrylic acid ester copolymer resin, vinyl chloride methacrylate copolymer resin, and propylene vinyl chloride copolymer resin. Examples of the vinylidene resin include vinylidene chloride resin and vinylidene fluoride resin. Acrylic resin is a polymer of methacrylic ester or acrylic acid ester, and methacrylic ester and acrylic acid ester include methyl ester such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl ester, n-propyl ester, isopropyl ester, and the like. Butyl ester, etc. can be mentioned.

Examples of the polyamide-based resin include various nylons, polyamic acids, polyamideimides, and amide epoxy resins. Examples of various nylons include nylon 6, nylon 8, nylon 11, nylon 66, nylon 610 and the like. Examples of the polyimide resin include polyimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, polyetherimide, polyesterimide, polyisoimide, and the like.

Examples of the fluororesin include polytetrafluoroethylene, polyfluorinated ethylene chloride, and polyvinylidene fluoride. Some silicon resins have a silane chain and some have a siloxane chain. Depending on the raw material used, there are a polymer having a chain structure and a polymer having a network structure. Examples of those having a siloxane chain include polydimethylsiloxane. An ionomer is a polymer having a structure in which an organic acid group such as a carboxyl group is contained in a side chain of the polymer and is bonded in a network by a bond in which a metal ion or the like is interposed between them.

Examples of sugar chains include cellulosic resins, alginic acid, starch and the like. Examples of the cellulosic resin include cellulosic, cellulose ester and cellulosic ether. Examples of the cellulose ester include nitrocellulose, acetylcellulose, acetylbutylcellulose, and the like. Examples of the cellulose ether include methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose ester, cellulose ether and the like.

The liquid crystal composition of the present invention may be prepared by mixing a liquid crystal composition and a polymer, but first, a polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition in which a liquid crystal composition polymerizable compound is mixed is prepared, and then the liquid crystal composition is said to be prepared. It is preferably produced by polymerizing a compound having a polymerizable group in the polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal composition. That is, it is preferable that the polymer is prepared by adding a monomer having a polymerizable group to the liquid crystal composition and then polymerizing the polymer later.

Examples of the polymer material to be combined with the liquid crystal composition include a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and a photocurable resin. The thermoplastic resin includes polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene resins, polycycloolefin resins, vinyl chloride resins, vinylidene chloride resins, polyamide resins, vinyl acetate resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate resins, acrylic resins, polyester resins, and polycarbonates. Examples thereof include resins, polyether sulfone resins, polyetherimide resins, polyether ether ketone resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, polyphenylene oxide resins, thermoplastic elastomers, silicone resins, and polyimide resins. Examples of the thermosetting resin include a thermosetting polyester resin such as a urea resin, a melamine resin, a phenol resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin, and a thermosetting acrylic resin. Examples of the photocurable resin include a photocurable acrylic resin, an epoxy acrylate resin, a urethane acrylate resin, and a polyester acrylate resin. When a (heat or light) curable resin is used, it is an uncured liquid resin or a polymerizable compound (monomer) when an external field is applied, and the resin can be cured after a desired orientation state is obtained. can.

For example, in the case of an acrylic resin, it may be an acrylic resin in a narrow sense containing acrylate as a main component or a methacrylic resin containing methacrylate as a main component, and esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid (acrylate or methacrylate. Hereinafter, both are collectively referred to as ". A homopolymer consisting of one kind of (meth) acrylate), a copolymer consisting of two or more kinds of (meth) acrylates, and a co-polymer consisting of one or more kinds of (meth) acrylates and one or more other comonomers. Examples include polymers. Examples of the polymerizable compound (monomer) include the following.

Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate having one polymerizable functional group in one molecule include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl ( Meta) acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, undecyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, tridecyl (meth) Alkyl (meth) acrylates such as acrylates, tetradecyl (meth) acrylates, pentadecyl (meth) acrylates, hexadecyl (meth) acrylates, stearyl (meth) acrylates, and isostearyl (meth) acrylates; cyclohexyl (meth) acrylates, isobornyl (meth) Cyclic alkyl (meth) acrylates such as acrylates; other aliphatic (meth) acrylates; hydroxyl groups such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylates, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylates and 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylates ( Meta) acrylate; methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, polyoxypropylene Ether group-containing (meth) acrylates such as glycol (meth) acrylates; aromatic (meth) acrylates such as benzyl (meth) acrylates and phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylates; 2- (diethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylates, 2
Amino group-containing (meth) acrylates such as − (dimethylamino) ethyl (meth) acrylate; glycidyl (meth) acrylate, allyl (meth) acrylate and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the bifunctional (meth) acrylate having two polymerizable functional groups in one molecule include 1,3-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, and 1,5-. Pentandiol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,7-heptanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,8-octanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol Alkylene glycol di (meth) acrylates such as di (meth) acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate; diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene gliol di (meth) acrylate. ) Polyalkylene glycol di (meth) acrylates such as acrylates, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, trimethylpropandi (meth) acrylates, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylates, polypropylene glycol di (meth) acrylates; other fats Group di (meth) acrylate; bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol F di (meth) acrylate, bisphenol S di (meth) acrylate, EO-modified bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, EO-modified bisphenol F di (meth) acrylate , EO-modified bisphenol S di (meth) acrylate, PO-modified bisphenol A di (meth) acrylate, PO-modified bisphenol S di (meth) acrylate and other bisphenols or their alkylene oxides (ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO)) Etc.) Di (meth) acrylate of a modified product and the like can be mentioned.

Examples of the polyfunctional acrylate having three or more polymerizable functional groups in one molecule include trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane EO-modified tri (meth) acrylate, and trimethylolpropane PO-modified tri (meth) acrylate. , Glycerintri (meth) acrylate, EO-modified glycerintri (meth) acrylate, PO-modified glycerintri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, ditrimethylol propanetetra (meth) acrylate. , Dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate and the like.
Examples of other comonomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethylene, styrene, α-methylstyrene, chlorostyrene, divinylbenzene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile and the like.
As the monomer, the general formula (Ia-3)

(Wherein, _{L c} represents a polymerizable group, _{S c} denotes a spacer unit, _{V c} is Vc represents a side chain site.)

In the general formula (Ia-3), _Sc is the following general formula (IV).

(In the formula, the broken line _{represents the bond to L c} or Vc, but when only one broken line is bonded, the other broken line is bonded to the hydrogen atom.
Z ¹ , Z ² and Z ³ are independently single-bonded, − (CH ₂ ) _u − (in the equation, u represents 1 to 20), −OCH ₂ −, −CH ₂ O−, −. COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- or -C ≡ C-, which are substituents thereof. _{In, one or more of two} non-adjacent CH groups are independently -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -Si _{(CH 3} ) _{2- O-Si (CH 3).} ) _2- , -NR-, -NR-CO-, -CO-NR-, -NR-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR-, -NR-CO-NR-, -CH = CH-, It can be replaced with −C≡C− or −O—CO—O− (in the formula, R independently represents hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
A ¹ and A ² are independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-naphthylene group, 2,6-naphthylene group, respectively. Represents a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidin-2,5-diyl group, a 2,5-thiophenylene group, a 2,5-furanylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted or unsubstituted. One or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, and p and q independently represent 0 or 1, respectively. )

It is preferable that the structure is represented by, and Z ¹ , Z ² and Z ³ are independently single-bonded, − (CH ₂ ) _u − (in the formula, u represents 1 to 12, and they are non-adjacent. one or more CH ₂ groups are independently, -O -, - CO -, - CO-O -, - O-CO -, - NR -, - NR-CO -, - CO-NR -, - NR -CO-NR-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C- or -O-CO-O-, R represents hydrogen, methyl group or ethyl group), -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- or -C≡C- are preferable, and A ¹ and A ² are independently trans-1. , 4-Cyclohexylene group, trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-naphthylene group, 2,6-naphthylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidin-2,5 -Representing a diyl group or a 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted or preferably one or more hydrogen atoms substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, and Z ¹ , Z ² and Z ³ are independently single-bonded, − (CH ₂ ) _u − (in the formula, u represents 1 to 10, and _{one or more of two} non-adjacent CH groups are independent, −O. Represents −, −CO−, −CO−O−, −O−CO−, −NR−, −NR−CO−, −CO−NR−, −CH = CH− or −C≡C−, where R is Represents hydrogen, methyl group or ethyl group), -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH-, or -C≡C- is more preferred, A ¹ and A ² independently represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, a 2,6-naphthylene group, or a 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted or have one or more hydrogen atoms fluorine. It is more preferable that it is substituted with an atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, and Z ¹ , Z ² and Z ³ are independently single-bonded, and − (CH ₂ ) _u − (in the formula, u is Represents 1 to 6, and _{one or more of two} non-adjacent CH groups independently represent -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH = CH- or -C≡C-. ), -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH-, or -C≡C- are particularly preferable, and A ¹ and A ² are independently transformers. -1,4-Cyclohexylene group, 2,6-naphthyle It represents an isomer group or a 1,4-phenylene group, which is particularly preferably unsubstituted or having one or more hydrogen atoms substituted with a fluorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group.
The general formula (IV) contains many compounds, and specifically, the following general formulas (S-a-1) to (S-ad-9)

The compound represented by is particularly preferable.

Among these, general formulas (S-a-6) to (S-a-16), general formulas (S-b-3) to (S-b-10), general formulas (S-c-3) to (S-c-10), general formulas (S-d-3) to (S-d-12), general formulas (S-k-4) to (S-k-7), general formula (S-l) -13) to (S-l-17), general formulas (S-o-3) to (S-o-14), general formulas (S-p-2) to (S-p-13), general formulas (S-s-1) to (S-s-8), general formulas (S-t-1) to (S-t-8), general formulas (S-y-1) to (S-y-9) ) And the compounds represented by the general formulas (S-aa-1) to (S-aa-9) are more preferable.

In the general formula (Ia-3), V _c is the following general formula (V).

(Wherein the dashed line represents a bond to S _c;
Z ⁴ , Z ⁵ , Z ⁶ and Z ⁷ are independently single-bonded, − (CH ₂ ) _u − (in the formula, u represents 1 to 20), −OCH ₂ −, −CH ₂ O. -, -COO-, -OCO-, -CH = CH-, -CF = CF-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ CF ₂ -or -C≡C- _{One or more of two} non-adjacent CH groups in the substituent of is independently -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -Si _{(CH 3} ) _2-O-Si. (CH ₃ ) _2- , -NR-, -NR-CO-, -CO-NR-, -NR-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR-, -NR-CO-NR-, -CH = It can be replaced with CH-, -C≡C- or -O-CO-O- (in the formula, R independently represents hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), A ³ , A ^{4, A 5} and ^{A 6} are each independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-naphthylene group, 2,6 Represents a naphthylene group, a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, a 2,5-thiophenylene group, a 2,5-furanylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted. One or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, where r, s, t and u independently represent 0 or 1, where R ² is. It represents hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, a cyano group or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and one CH ₂ groups or two or more non-adjacent groups may be substituted. The _two CH groups may be substituted with -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- and / or -CH = CH-. )
The structure represented by is preferable.

Z ⁴ , Z ⁵ , Z ⁶ and Z ⁷ are independently single-bonded, − (CH ₂ ) _u − (in the formula, u represents 1 to 12, and one or more of _{two non-adjacent CH groups are independent.} Then, -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -NR-CO-, -CO-NR-, -NR-CO-NR-, -CH = CH-,- C≡C- or -O-CO-O-, where R independently represents a hydrogen, methyl or ethyl group), -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -COO-, -OCO- , -CH = CH-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- or -C ≡ C-, and A ³ , A ⁴ , A ⁵ and A ⁶ are independently trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, respectively. Represents a group, 2,6-naphthylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidin-2,5-diyl group or 1,4-phenylene group, which are unsubstituted or have one or more hydrogen atoms. It is preferably substituted with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group, r, s, t and u preferably have r + s + t + u of 0 or more and 3 or less, and R ² is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine and cyano. one CH ₂ group or two or more non-adjacent CH ₂ groups in the group or an alkyl group (the alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms -O -, - CO-O - , - O-CO- and / or - It is preferable that the structure is represented by CH = CH−).

The general formula (V) contains many compounds, and specifically, the following general formulas (V-a-1) to (V-q-10)

The compound represented by is particularly preferable.
Among them, the general formulas (V-a-1) to (V-a-15), the general formulas (V-b-11) to (V-b-15), and the general formulas (V-c-1) to (V-). c-11), general formulas (Vd-10) to (Vd-15), general formulas (Vf-1) to (Vf-10), general formulas (V-g-1) ~ (V-g-10), general formulas (V-h-1) to (V-h-10), general formulas (V-j-1) to (V-j-9), general formula (V-) l-1) to (V-l-11) or general formulas (V-m-1) to (V-m-11) are more preferable.

The gel according to the present invention may be a chemical gel or a physical gel, a high molecular weight gel or a low molecular weight gel, an organic gel, an inorganic gel, an organic / inorganic gel, a hydrogen-bonding gel or a non-hydrogen-bonding gel. good.
The fine particles according to the present invention are not particularly limited as a material, and may be organic fine particles or inorganic fine particles, and organic solid particles, inorganic solid particles, and the like can be used. The organic solid particles are not particularly limited as long as they are solid fine particles formed of an organic material such as styrene or acrylic. Further, the inorganic solid particles are not particularly limited as long as they are solid fine particles formed of an inorganic material.
The solid particles exclude liquid fine particles among the fine particles, for example, in an emulsion in which one is dispersed in the other phase in the form of fine particles between two liquid phases that are immiscible with each other. It excludes fine particles formed by micelles.

Preferred forms of the fine particles include, for example, (1) organic solid particles, (2) those formed of inorganic oxides, and (3) those formed of fullerenes and / or carbon nanotubes. Among these, it is preferable to use nano-sized fine particles.

As the organic solid particles, for example, fine particles in the form of polymer beads such as polystyrene beads, polymethylmethacrylate beads, polyhydroxyethylacrylate beads, and divinylbenzene beads are preferably used. These may or may not be crosslinked.
As the fine particles formed of the inorganic oxide, for example, fine particles formed of silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ) and fine particles formed of an oxide of a metal element are suitable. Further, it is preferable to use fine particles in the form of glass beads, silica beads, or inorganic beads such as titania and alumina. These fine particles may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Further, the fine particles in the form of beads may be used as they are, heat-treated ones, or those having an organic substance added to the surface of the beads may be used.

The fullerene may be any fullerene in which carbon atoms are arranged in a spherical shell shape, and for example, a fullerene having a stable structure having 24 to 96 carbon atoms is preferable. Examples of such fullerenes include a spherical closed-shell carbon molecule group of C60 composed of 60 carbon atoms.
As the carbon nanotube, for example, a cylindrical nanotube in which the graphite-like carbon atom plane having a thickness of several atomic layers is rounded is suitable.

The shape of the fine particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a lump shape, a columnar shape, a conical shape, a shape having protrusions in these shapes, and a shape having holes in these shapes. Be done. The surface morphology of the fine particles is not particularly limited, and may be smooth, and may have irregularities, holes, and grooves.
It may also be nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may be pure substances or mixtures. Furthermore, the pure substance may be a simple substance or a compound. The nanoparticles may be gas, liquid, or solid, but are preferably liquid or solid. As nanoparticles, a wide range of materials such as metals, semimetals, inorganic oxides, semiconductors, magnetic materials, and organic substances can be applied alone or in combination of two or more types.

Examples of metals include gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, aluminum, tungsten, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, indium, aluminum, iron, rhodium, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, cadmium, titanium, ruthenium, and osmium. Can be mentioned.

Examples of the semimetal include bismuth and tellurium.

Examples of the inorganic oxide include Al ₂ O ₃ , MgO, MoO ₃ , Nb ₂ O ₅ , SiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , BaTIO ₃ , TiO ₂ , UO ₂ , V ₂ O ₅ , WO ₃ , ZrO ₂ , Fe. Examples thereof include ₂ O ₃ , CuO, CdO, In ₂ O ₃ , Co ₃ O ₄ , and HfO _2.

Examples of the semiconductor include ZnS, CdS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdTe, and CdSe.

Examples of the magnetic material include FePt, CoPt, MPt, and Mpd.

Examples of organic substances include C60 series and carbon nanotubes.
The lubricating component of the present invention preferably contains a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group.
The perfluoroalkyl group is one in which the hydrogen atom of a linear or non-linear alkyl group such as branched or cyclic is replaced with a fluorine atom, and all or a part of the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group is replaced. Including things. It is preferable that two or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are replaced with fluorine atoms, and more preferably three or more hydrogen atoms are replaced.
The compound having a perfluoroalkyl group may or may not show liquid crystallinity. Examples of those exhibiting liquid crystal properties include compounds described by Takenaka and Okamoto in the Journal of the Liquid Crystal Society of Japan, "Liquid Crystals", Vol. 4, No. 4, p. 337 (2000). Examples of those that do not exhibit liquid crystallinity are given below.
The compound having a perfluoroalkyl group according to the present invention may be a small molecule, a monomer or a polymer.

When the compound having a perfluoroalkyl group according to the present invention is a polymer, for example, the following fupolymer compound can be used. The polymer compounds having a perfluoroalkyl group include tetrafluoroethylene [TFE], vinylidene fluoride [VdF], chlorotrifluoroethylene [CTFE], vinyl fluoride [VF], hexafluoropropylene [HFP], and hexa. Fluorisobutene [HFIB], CH ² = CX ¹ (CF ₂ ) nX ² (in the formula, X ¹ is H or F, X ² is H, F or Cl, n is an integer of 1 to 10). The monomers represented by CF ₂ = CF-OR ^f1 (in the formula, R ^f1 represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) [PAVE], and CF. ₂ = alkyl perfluorovinyl ether derivative represented by CF-OCH _2- R ^f2 (in the formula, R ^f2 is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms), trifluoroethylene, trifluoropropylene, tetrafluoropropylene, It is preferable to have a polymerization unit based on at least one fluorine-containing monomer selected from the group consisting of pentafluoropropylene, trifluorobutene, and tetrafluoroisobutene. Further, the polymer compound is more preferably a polymer containing a unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of TFE, HFP, PAVE, CTFE, VdF and VF residues.
In addition, the compound having a perfluoroalkyl group is a perfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbon having 5 to 12 carbon atoms (for example, perfluorohexane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane); poly. Fluoroarophilic hydrocarbons (eg, bis (trifluoromethyl) benzene); polyfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons, perfluorobutylmethyl ethers and similar HFEs and the like.
Further, the compound having a perfluoroalkyl group may be a monomer represented by the following general formula (F) or a polymer obtained by polymerizing the monomer.
General formula (F):

［上記一般式（Ｆ）中、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３及びＲ^４はそれぞれ同一又は異なってもよく、水素原子、フッ素原子、炭素数１〜１０のパーフルオロアルキル基、式：Ｃ_ｍＨ_ｎＦ_ｐ（前記式中、ｍは１〜１０の整数、ｎは、１〜２ｍの整数、ｐは２ｍ＋１−ｎである）で表される炭素数１〜１０のポリフルオロアルキル基、炭素数６〜１８のパーフルオロアリール基又は炭素数６〜１８のポリフルオロアリール基であり、Ｒ^１、Ｒ^２、Ｒ^３及びＲ^４の少なくとも１つは、フッ素原子、炭素数１〜１０のパーフルオロアルキル基、一般式：Ｃ_ｍＨ_ｎＦ_ｐ（式中、ｍは１〜１０の整数、ｎは、１〜２ｍの整数、ｐは２ｍ＋１−ｎである）で表される炭素数１〜１０のポリフルオロアルキル基、炭素数６〜１８のパーフルオロアリール基又は炭素数６〜１８のポリフルオロアリール基である。］

[In the above general formula (F), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ may be the same or different, respectively, and have a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a formula: C _m. A polyfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and carbon represented by H _n F _p (in the above formula, m is an integer of 1 to 10, n is an integer of 1 to 2 m, and p is 2 m + 1-n). It is a perfluoroaryl group having a number of 6 to 18 or a polyfluoroaryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and ^{at least one of R 1} , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ is a fluorine atom and a par with 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Fluoroalkyl group, general formula: C _m H _n F _p (in the formula, m is an integer of 1 to 10, n is an integer of 1 to 2 m, p is 2 m + 1-n) and has 1 to 1 carbon atoms. It is a polyfluoroalkyl group having 10 carbon atoms, a perfluoroaryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a polyfluoroaryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms. ]

Examples of the perfluoroalkyl group include a perfluoroethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group, a perfluorobutyl group, a perfluoropentyl group, a perfluorohexyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a 2H-perfluoroethyl group, and a 3H-perfluoropropyl group. , 4H-perfluorobutyl group, 5H-perfluoropentyl group, 6H-perfluorohexyl group, pentafluorophenyl group, perfluoronaphthyl group, fluoroanthranyl group and the like.

The lubricating component according to the present invention preferably contains 0.001 to 90% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 90% by mass, as an addition amount (penetration amount) capable of functioning as a lubricating component in the liquid crystal composition. Is more preferable, 0.01 to 50% by mass is more preferable, 0.03 to 40% by mass is more preferable, 0.05 to 20% by mass is more preferable, and 0.08 to 0.08 to 20% by mass is contained. It is more preferably contained in an amount of 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.1% by mass.

"Optical element"
The second aspect of the present invention is an optical element including a pair of substrates having electrodes on at least one substrate and a liquid crystal composition filled between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal composition is an external electric field. Contains a liquid crystal component containing a first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal molecule that responds to the change in the above, and a lubricating component that facilitates the movement of each of the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule. , An optical element which is any of the above-mentioned liquid crystal compositions.
Since the optical element of the present invention can form a slippy interface, high-speed response is possible.

As for the lubricating component according to the present invention, it is preferable that a material having an orientation order lower than that of the liquid crystal component forming the liquid crystal domain forms a liquid interface in contact with the liquid crystal component. The degree of orientation order is as described above and will be omitted here.
The lubricating component according to the present invention preferably forms the liquid interface in the vicinity of the electrode. The lubricating component according to the present invention preferably forms a liquid interface in the vicinity of the electrode at a boundary region that partitions between the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain.
In the liquid crystal component according to the present invention, it is preferable that the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are different from each other.
In the liquid crystal component according to the present invention, it is preferable that the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are substantially the same.

Further, in the optical element of the present invention, the lubricating component is a photoresponsive substance, and the refractive index of the photoresponsive substance is spatially and regionally modulated or distributed, so that the first liquid crystal is an anisotropic molecule. Optical functions can be exhibited by controlling the orientation of the molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule with light. The optical element of the present invention can be applied to an optical element (for example, a lens, a prism, a mirror, a filter, etc.) that utilizes a refractive index distribution without particular limitation, and is also a liquid crystal display element, a hologram element, a retardation film, or the like. It can be used as a retardation element, a 3D printer element, or the like.

<Liquid crystal display element>
The liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal composition according to the present invention is TN (twisted nematic) type, STN (super twisted nematic) type, DS (dynamic light scattering) type, GH (guest host) type, IPS (in). Plain switching type, FFS (fringe field switching) type, OCB (optical compensation birefringence) type, ECB (voltage control birefringence) type, VA (vertical orientation) type, CSH (color superhomeotropic) type, or LCD ( It is useful for all types of liquid crystal displays such as (birefringent liquid crystal)), but it is a type of liquid crystal display having a liquid crystal composition having a first liquid crystal domain and a second liquid crystal domain, which respond to different directions by an external voltage. Specifically, it is useful for VA type, IPS type, FFS type, and FLC display elements.

Here, as the optical element of the present invention, the liquid crystal display element 10 shown in FIG. 29 will be illustrated.
The liquid crystal display element 10 is roughly composed of two substrates 11 and 12 and a photoresponsive composition 15 containing a photoresponsive substance 13 and an anisotropic molecule 14 enclosed between these substrates. ing.
When the optical element of the present invention is the liquid crystal display element 10, for example, a glass substrate is used as the substrates 11 and 12.
Further, on the surface 11a of one substrate 11 facing the other substrate 12, an alignment film 16 that has been subjected to a vertical alignment treatment with a silane coupling agent is provided. Similarly, on the surface 12a of the other substrate 12 facing the one substrate 11, an alignment film 17 that has been subjected to a vertical alignment treatment with a silane coupling agent is provided.
Further, the optical element of the present invention includes a substrate and a photoresponsive composition layer (layer composed of the photoresponsive composition) containing a photoresponsive substance and an anisotropic molecule formed on the substrate. It may be composed of roughly configured optical elements (that is, elements having only one substrate). Such an optical element can be obtained by applying a coating liquid containing a photoresponsive substance and an anisotropic molecule on a substrate.

When the optical element is the liquid crystal display element 10, the two substrates of the liquid crystal cell used for the liquid crystal display element 10 can use a transparent material having flexibility such as glass or plastic. Further, one of the two substrates may be an opaque material such as silicon. A transparent substrate having a transparent electrode layer can be obtained, for example, by sputtering indium tin oxide (ITO) on a transparent substrate such as a glass plate.
The color filter can be produced by, for example, a pigment dispersion method, a printing method, an electrodeposition method, a dyeing method, or the like. To explain a method for producing a color filter by a pigment dispersion method as an example, a curable coloring composition for a color filter is applied onto the transparent substrate, subjected to a patterning treatment, and cured by heating or light irradiation. By performing this step for each of the three colors of red, green, and blue, a pixel portion for a color filter can be produced. In addition, a pixel electrode provided with an active element such as a TFT, a thin film diode, or a metal insulator metal resistivity element may be installed on the substrate.

Further, the substrates may be opposed to each other so that the transparent electrode layer is on the inside, and the distance between the substrates may be adjusted via a spacer. At this time, the thickness of the obtained liquid crystal layer is preferably 2 μm or more, and more preferably 3 μm or more. When a polarizing plate is used, it is preferable to adjust the product of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal display and the cell thickness d so that the contrast is maximized. Further, when there are two polarizing plates, the polarization axis of each polarizing plate can be adjusted so that the viewing angle and contrast are improved. Further, a retardation film for widening the viewing angle can also be used. Examples of the spacer include a columnar spacer made of glass particles, plastic particles, alumina particles, a photoresist material, and the like. Then, a sealant such as an epoxy-based thermosetting composition is screen-printed on the substrate with a liquid crystal injection port provided, and the substrates are bonded to each other and heated to heat-cure the sealant.

An example of the ferroelectric liquid crystal display element will be described below.

<ferroelectric liquid crystal display element>
In the ferroelectric liquid crystal optical element, even if a pressing force is applied to the substrate, ^{the layer normal direction of the SmC *} phase when the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between the substrates is 80 ° with respect to the substrate surface. It is preferably 90 ° or more and 90 ° or less. In addition, it does not have the zigzag defects and chevron structure seen in SSFLC, and can have a stable orientation. As a result, even if pressure is applied and the display may be temporarily disturbed, the display has a display restoring ability to restore the display after being released from the pressure. Therefore, it is suitable for a device such as a touch panel that is operated by pressing on a display screen.
The liquid crystal optical element can have a display restoration ability for a pressure of 1 kg (9.8 N) or less per ^{0.2 mm 2.}

The display optical element using the ferroelectric liquid crystal display of the present invention has a pair of pixel electrodes and a common electrode on at least one of a pair of substrates on which two polarizing plates whose polarizing planes are orthogonal to each other are arranged. It is preferable that the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition of the present invention is sandwiched between the pair of substrates. The electric field applied to the display element is preferably applied in the horizontal direction to the layer normal, and as an electrode structure for realizing such an electric field, an electrode having a comb-shaped structure such as an IPS (In-Plane Switching) method is used. The structure is preferred. Direction of lateral electric field applied in the horizontal direction of layer normal by bending the structure of comb-shaped electrodes such as S-IPS (Super IPS), AS-IPS (Advanced Super IPS), and IPS-Pro (IPS-Projectus). It is preferable to control the above from the viewpoints of lowering the drive voltage, improving the image quality, increasing the brightness, increasing the brightness, and the like. A metal electrode can be used as the comb-shaped electrode, but in order to improve the light utilization efficiency of the electrode portion, it is preferable to use a transparent electrode such as ITO, indium gallium oxide (IGZO), or graphene. .. It is preferable to reduce the distribution of the electric field strength without the display element from the viewpoints of lowering the drive voltage, improving the response speed, increasing the contrast, and improving the image quality. As a method of reducing the distribution of the electric field strength, a configuration having a pair of pixel electrodes and a common electrode may be provided on both of the pair of substrates.

Specifically, there are the following methods.
It is preferable to provide IPS, S-IPS, AS-IPS, and IPS-Pro electrodes on both of the pair of substrates, and it is preferable that the electrodes are electrodes protruding inside the cell rather than smooth. It is preferable because it is an element whose distribution does not easily decrease. The protruding electrode structure may be spherical, hemispherical, cubic, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, cylindrical, conical, 3 to 20 pyramidal, 3 to 20 pyramidal, or asymmetrical, and the surface may be asymmetrical. The corners of each electrode may be smooth or uneven, and the corners of each electrode may be curved corners or straight corners, and the heights of the protrusions are 1/100, 1/10, 1/9 of the cell gap. It may be 1/8, 1/7, 1/6, 1/5, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 or more, or the protruding portion may be in contact with the opposing substrate, and the protruding electrode is directly on the substrate. It may be installed or installed on a base such as a resin, an insulator, a dielectric, a semiconductor, or a composite thereof, and the pixel electrodes may be located at the upper part, the middle part, or the lower part of the base.

As a more specific protruding electrode structure, a first substrate and a pair of electrodes having a shape protruding in the plate thickness direction of the first substrate and provided on one surface side of the first substrate separated from each other. A structure having a second substrate whose one surface side is arranged so as to face the one surface side of the first substrate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-171938), which is provided between the first substrate and the dielectric liquid crystal layer. The pixel electrode layer (first electrode layer) and the common electrode layer (second electrode layer) are arranged so as not to overlap each other, and the pixel electrode layer is formed from the surface of the first substrate on the side of the strong dielectric liquid crystal layer to the liquid crystal layer. It is formed so as to cover the upper surface side surface of the rib-shaped first structure provided so as to project, and the common electrode layer is provided so as to project from the surface of the first substrate on the side of the dielectric liquid crystal layer to the dielectric liquid crystal layer. A structure formed by covering the upper surface side surface of the rib-shaped second structure (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-133876), a first common electrode layer having an opening pattern (slit) facing the dielectric liquid crystal layer, and a second common electrode layer. The structure is sandwiched between the common electrode layer of the above and the pixel electrode layer having an opening pattern, and the pixel electrode layer is provided so as to project from the surface of the first substrate on the side of the dielectric liquid crystal layer to the dielectric liquid crystal layer. A structure formed on the upper portion, in which the pixel electrode layer is arranged between the first common electrode layer and the second common electrode layer in the dielectric liquid crystal layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-133874), at least a pair of electrodes are provided. A structure characterized in that the maximum electric field region is provided so as to be formed at a position separated from the substrate interface (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-227760), a first electrode layer (pixel electrode layer). The second structure is provided on the second electrode layer (common electrode layer). The first structure and the second structure are insulators having a dielectric constant higher than the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material used for the liquid crystal layer, and are provided so as to protrude from the liquid crystal layer (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-8241). , Etc. can be used.

Further, it is possible to use a structure that is synonymous with the protrusion of the pixel electrode as a result of providing the recess in the substrate. For example, Double-penetrating Flying Field (Journal of Display Technology, 287-289, Vol. 6, 2010) and the like can be used. In addition to the above, as a method of lowering the drive voltage, a conjugated geometry (Lee, SD, 2009, IDW '09 -Proceeding of) in which the ferroelectric liquid crystal display between the electrodes is enclosed in a small resin space is formed. The 16th International Display Works 1, pp.111-112) method, or the periodic geometric electrodes (Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 01102 (2010)) or both S. 96, 01102 (2010). (Fringe-Field Switching) electrodes may be provided.

For the two substrates of the liquid crystal cell, a transparent material having flexibility such as glass and plastic can be used, and one of them may be an opaque material such as silicon. A transparent substrate having a transparent electrode layer can be obtained, for example, by sputtering indium tin oxide (ITO) on a transparent substrate such as a glass plate. In order to enhance the sense of presence in a large-sized television or the like, it is preferable to use indium gallium oxide (IGZO), which has an electron mobility that is one digit higher than that of amorphous silicon, which is an index of electron movement.
The color filter can be produced by, for example, a pigment dispersion method, a printing method, an electrodeposition method, a dyeing method, or the like. To explain a method for producing a color filter by a pigment dispersion method as an example, a curable coloring composition for a color filter is applied onto the transparent substrate, subjected to a patterning treatment, and cured by heating or light irradiation. By performing this step for each of the three colors of red, green, and blue, a pixel portion for a color filter can be created. In addition, a pixel electrode provided with an active element such as a TFT, a thin film diode, or a metal insulator metal resistivity element may be installed on the substrate.
It is preferable to provide a black matrix directly above the boundary region. In the boundary region where the liquid crystal domains collide, light scattering is expected to occur, which is expected to cause a decrease in contrast. Therefore, by providing a black matrix directly above the boundary region, the influence of light scattering can be suppressed.
It is also preferable to provide a convex structure or a concave structure directly above the boundary region. By providing a convex structure or a concave structure to determine the boundary region where the liquid crystal domains collide with each other accurately or forcibly in advance, the boundary region where light scattering occurs is limited and its influence is suppressed. Can be done.

The substrates are opposed so that the transparent electrode layer is on the inside. At that time, the spacing between the substrates may be adjusted via a spacer. At this time, it is preferable to adjust the thickness of the obtained cell to be 1 to 100 μm. The cell thickness is more preferably 1 to 10 μm, still more preferably 2 to 4 μm.
If there are two polarizing plates, the polarization axis of each polarizing plate can be adjusted to improve the viewing angle and contrast. When a polarizing plate is used, it is preferable to adjust the product (Δnd) of the refractive index anisotropy Δn of the liquid crystal display and the cell thickness d so that the contrast is maximized. A retardation film for widening the viewing angle can also be used.
As a method for sandwiching the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition between the two substrates, a normal vacuum injection method, an ODF method, or the like can be used. At this time, the polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal composition may be in a uniform isotropic state or a (chiral) nematic phase as long as various components are compatible with each other.

An alignment film can be provided on the substrate surface that sandwiches the liquid crystal display. As the alignment film, a general alignment film such as polyimide or a photoalignment film can be used.
As the alignment film, a switching mode such as TN (twisted nematic) type, STN (super twisted nematic) type, IPS (in-plane switching) type, or FFS (fringe field switching) type is used. In some cases, an alignment film having horizontal orientation is preferable, and when a switching mode such as VA (vertical orientation) type or Deformed Helix FLC (abbreviated as DH-FLC) type is used, an alignment film having vertical orientation is preferable. ..
A polyimide-based alignment film having vertical orientation is preferable, and specifically, an acid anhydride substituted with an alkyl long chain or an alicyclic group, or a diamine substituted with an alkyl long chain or an alicyclic group is reacted with an acid dianhydride. Examples thereof include the polyamic acid thus obtained, or the polyimide obtained by dehydrating and opening the polyamic acid. By forming a film of a liquid crystal alignment agent made of polyimide, polyamide or polyamic acid having such a bulky group on a substrate, a liquid crystal alignment film having vertical orientation can be produced.

Examples of the acid anhydride include compounds represented by the following general formulas (VII-a1) to (VII-a3). Examples of the diamine include compounds represented by the following general formulas (VII-b1) to (VII-b3).

In formulas (VII-a1) to (VII-a3) and (VII-b1) to (VII-b3), R ³⁰¹ , R ³⁰² , R ³⁰³ and R ³⁰⁴ are independent linear chains having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Jo or branched alkyl group, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, one or two or more adjacent -CH 2 is not in the alkyl group _- group -O -, - S -, - NH-, _{-N (CH 3} )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -O-SO _2- , -SO _2- O-, -CH = CH-, -C≡C-, cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2- may be replaced with hydrogen of one or more alkyl groups. The atom may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or a CN group, and Z ³⁰¹ , Z ³⁰² , Z ³⁰³ and Z ³⁰⁴ are independently -O-, -S-, -CO- and -CO, respectively. -O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH _2- , -CH ₂ O-, -SCH _2- , -CH ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _{2- , -CF 2 S -, - SCF} 2 -, - CH 2 CH 2 -, - CF 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 CF 2 -, - CF 2 CF 2 -, - CH = CH -, - CF = CH -, -CH = CF-, -CF = CF-, -C≡C-, -CH = CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH = CH- or single bond, A ³⁰¹ and A ³⁰² Are independently phenylene group, cyclohexylene group, dioxolandyl group, cyclohexenylene group, bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, piperidinediyl group, naphthalenedyl group, decahydronaphthalenedyl group, tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, respectively. Alternatively, it represents a cyclic group selected from indandiyl groups, wherein the phenylene group, naphthalenediyl group, tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or indandiyl group has one or more -CH = groups in the ring replaced with a nitrogen atom. The cyclohexylene group, the dioxolandyl group, the cyclohexenylene group, the bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, the piperidinediyl group, the decahydronaphthalenedyl group, the tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or the indandiyl group may be contained in the ring. one or two non-adjacent -CH 2 _- groups may be replaced by -O- and / or -S-, one of the cyclic group, or its The number of carbon atoms in which more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, CN groups, NO ₂ groups, or one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine atoms or chlorine atoms. It may be replaced with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 7, and n ³⁰¹ and n ³⁰² each independently represent 0 or 1, and n ³⁰³ is an integer of 0 to 5. show.

In the general formula (VII-a2) ~ (VII -a3) and (VII-b2) ~ (VII -b3), -CH 2 Steroid Backbone - groups is replaced by -O- and / or -S- The steroid skeleton may have one or more unsaturated bonds (C = C) at any position.

In a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display element in which an electric field is applied in the lateral direction, a polyamic acid or polyimide having a structure represented by the formulas (VII-c1) and (VII-c2) is used as a liquid crystal alignment agent as a preferable embodiment of the alignment film. It is preferable because it has excellent afterimage characteristics and the light transmittance in a dark state when no electric field is applied is reduced.

In the formula (VII-c1), R ¹²¹ independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R ¹²² independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, and a hydroxyl group. Alternatively, it represents a carboxyl group, n ¹²¹ represents an integer of 1 to 10, n ¹²² represents an integer of 0 to 4 independently, and "*" represents a bond.
In the formula (VII-c2), R ¹²³ independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R ¹²⁴ and R ¹²⁵ independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, and cyano. A group, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group, n ¹²³ represents an integer of 0 to 5, n ¹²⁴ represents an integer of 0 to 4, n ¹²⁵ represents an integer of 0 to 3, and "*" is a bond. Represents that.

A polyamic acid having both a structure represented by the formula (VII-c1) and a structure represented by the formula (VII-c2) in at least a part of the molecule has, for example, a structure represented by the formula (VII-c1). The tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a structure represented by the formula (VII-c2) is reacted with a diamine or has a structure represented by the formula (VII-c1). It can be obtained by reacting a diamine with a diamine having a structure represented by the formula (VII-c2) with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a structure represented by (VII-c1) or the formula (VII-c2), specifically, benzene rings at both ends having a bond represented by "*" are used. , Each of which is a phthalic anhydride group.
As the diamine having the structure represented by (VII-c1) or the formula (VII-c2), specifically, the benzene rings at both ends having the bond represented by "*" are each aniline group. Some compounds are mentioned.

Further, the photoalignment film has a structure of azobenzene, stillben, α-hydrazono-β-ketoester, coumarin, etc., and has a photoalignment film using photoisomerization; a structure of azobenzene, stillben, benzilidenphthaldiimide, cinnamoyl, etc. Photoalignment film using photogeometric isomerization; photoalignment film using spiropyran, spiroxazine, etc., and photoopening / closing ring reaction; having a structure such as cinnamoyl, chalcone, coumarin, diphenylacetylene, etc. Photoalignment film using: A photoalignment film having a structure such as soluble polyimide or cyclobutane type polyimide and using photodecomposition by light irradiation; obtained by reacting biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride with diaminodiphenyl ether (BPDA / DPE). Examples thereof include a photoalignment film formed by irradiating the polyimide with light.

The photo-alignment film is produced by irradiating a coating film containing a compound having a photo-orientation group with light having anisotropy, arranging the photo-alignment groups, and immobilizing the photo-alignment state. Can be done.
When the compound having a photo-oriented group has a polymerizable group, it is preferable to carry out the polymerization after the light irradiation treatment for imparting the liquid crystal alignment ability. The polymerization method may be either photopolymerization or thermal polymerization. In the case of photopolymerization, a photopolymerization initiator is added to the photoinitiator, and after the light irradiation treatment, for example, the photopolymerization reaction is carried out by irradiating light of a different wavelength. On the other hand, in the case of thermal polymerization, a thermal polymerization initiator is added to the photoinitiator, and the thermal polymerization reaction is carried out by heating after the light irradiation treatment.
In order to fix the photoalignment state in the photoalignment film, a photocrosslinkable polymer may be used. Examples of the photocrosslinkable polymer photoalignment film include the following compounds.

(In the formula, R ²⁰¹ and R ²⁰² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and one or more of the alkyl groups. -CH _{2 -groups are -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (CH 3} )-, -CO-, -CO-O-,-assuming that oxygen or sulfur atoms are not directly bonded to each other. O-CO -, - O- CO-O -, - S-CO -, - CO-S -, - O-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C- , Cyclopropylene group or -Si (CH ₃ ) _2- may be replaced, and even if one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are replaced with fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom or CN group. Often, it may have a polymerizable group, the alkyl group may contain a fused or spirocyclic system, and the alkyl group may contain one or more heteroatoms, one or more. It may contain aromatic or aliphatic rings of, and these rings may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen, and Z ²⁰¹ and Z ²⁰² are independently −O−, −, respectively. S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O- ^{CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N (Ra} )-, -N ( ^Ra ) -CO-, -OCH ₂ -, -CH ₂ O-, -SCH _2- , -CH ₂ S-, -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CF ₂ S-, -SCF _2- , -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CF ₂ CH _2- , -CH ₂ CF _2- , -CF ₂ CF _2- , -CH = CH-, -CF = CH-, -CH = CF-, -CF = CF-, -C≡C-,- CH = CH-CO-O - , - O-CO-CH = CH- or a single ^{bond, -CO-N (R a)} - or ^{-N (R a)} R a in -CO- represents a hydrogen atom or Represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and A ²⁰¹ and A ²⁰² independently represent a phenylene group, a cyclohexylene group, a dioxolandyl group, a cyclohexenylene group, and a bicyclo [2.2]. .2] Represents a cyclic group selected from an octylene group, a piperidinediyl group, a naphthalenediyl group, a decahydronaphthalenedyl group, a tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group, or an indandiyl group, and represents the phenylene group, the naphthalenediyl group, or the tetrahydronaphthalenedyl group. , Or indanziyl group is one or two in the ring One or more -CH = groups may be replaced with a nitrogen atom, said cyclohexylene group, dioxolandyl group, cyclohexenylene group, bicyclo [2.2.2] octylene group, piperidinediyl group, decahydronaphthalenediyl. group, tetrahydronaphthalene-diyl group, or Indanjiiru group -CH 2 that is not one or two adjacent in the ring _- may group is replaced by -O- and / or -S-, the cyclic group One or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a CN group, _two NO groups, or one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced with a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom. , Alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkylcarbonyl group or alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms may be replaced, and n ₂₀₁ and n ₂₀₂ each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3, and P ²⁰¹ and P ²⁰² independently represents a photo-orientation group such as cinnamoyl, coumarin, benzylidenephthaldiimide, alkoxy, azobenzene, and stillben, P ²⁰¹ is a ^{monovalent group, and P 202} is a divalent group.

More preferable compounds include compounds of the formula having a cinnamoyl group (VII-c), the formula having a coumarin group (VII-d), and the formula having a benzylidenephthaldiimide group (VII-e).

Formula (VII-c), (VII -d), and (VII-e) ^{in, R 201, R 202, A} 201, A 202, Z 201, the definition of Z _{202, n 201} and _{n 202} is the formula (VII Same as in -a) and (VII-b), where R ²⁰³ , R ²⁰⁴ , R ²⁰⁵ , R ²⁰⁶ and R ²⁰⁷ are independent halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I), methyl groups, methoxys, respectively. Group, -CF ₃ , -OCF ₃ , carboxy group, sulfo group, nitro group, amino group, or hydroxy group, n ²⁰³ represents an integer of 0 to 4, n ²⁰⁴ represents an integer of 0 to 3. n ²⁰⁵ represents an integer of 0 to 1, n ²⁰⁶ represents an integer of 0 to 4, and n ²⁰⁷ represents an integer of 0 to 5.

The light source of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited, but an LED is preferable because of its low power consumption. The LED is preferably installed on the short side rather than the long side of the liquid crystal display element, the LED is preferably installed on one side rather than on two sides, and more preferably installed only on the corner of the liquid crystal display element. In order to further reduce power consumption, blinking control (technology to reduce or turn off the amount of light in dark areas) and multi-field drive technology (drive frequency is distinguished between when displaying moving images and when displaying still images). Technology), technology for switching the mode of the amount of light between indoors and outdoors, nighttime and daytime, technology for suspending driving by utilizing the memory property of the liquid crystal display element, and the like are preferable. Further, the reflective display element is preferable because external lighting (sunlight, room light, etc.) can be used even if the device is not provided with a light source. In order to prevent the loss of light from the light source, it is preferable to use a light guide plate or a prism sheet. It is preferable to use an alliance resin for the light guide plate and the prism sheet, and examples of the transparent resin include methacrylic resin (PMMA, etc.), polycarbonate resin, ABS resin (acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer resin), and MS resin (methyl methacrylate). -Styrene copolymer resin), polystyrene resin, AS resin (acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer resin), polyolefin resin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), cyclic polyolefin, and the like.

Regarding the improvement of contrast, blinking control (technology to reduce or turn off the amount of light in dark areas), elements with an aperture ratio of 50% or more, highly oriented alignment film or anti-glare film are used, or field sequential method. It is preferable to use (a coloring method in which RGB three-color LEDs are sequentially turned on in a short time equal to or less than the temporal resolution of the human eye without using a color filter to recognize the colors). In order to increase the aperture ratio, it is preferable to make the active element smaller, and it is preferable to make the active element smaller by using a semiconductor having a high mobility of ^{600 cm 2 / Vs or more.}

For high-speed responsiveness, use the overdrive function (the voltage used to express gradation is high at the rising edge and low at the falling edge), pretilt is applied to the substrate, or negative dielectric anisotropy is used. It is preferable to use a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a property.

The liquid crystal display element of the present invention can also be used for a touch panel display element used for tablet PC applications, in which case impact resistance, vibration resistance, water / oil repellency, stain resistance, and fingerprint resistance are exhibited. It is preferable to have an influenza virus in applications such as ATMs (automatic deposit payment machines), vending machines, automatic ticket vending machines, toilet monitors, copy machines, public telephones, etc., which are used by an unspecified number of people, and for medical / nursing / infant applications. , Norovirus, RS virus and other viruses, and preferably have antibacterial properties against Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc., and more preferably solvent resistance and acid resistance for the purpose of cleaning such as sterilization of display elements. It is preferably alkaline and heat resistant, and is dustproof, waterproof, and salt resistant for applications such as warehouses, transportation / distribution, manufacturing, maintenance shops, construction sites, marine surveys, firefighting and police, lifesaving (rescue), and disaster prevention. It is preferable to have explosion-proof and radiation-resistant performance, and more preferably, it satisfies the European explosion-proof standard (ATEX Zone2 Category3), the waterproof and dust-proof standard (IP65), and the US military standard (MIL-STD-810F).

Impact resistance is preferably used for a display element that clears a 3-foot drop on concrete, and impact-resistant magnesium alloy or multilayer magnesium alloy is preferably used for the case of the display element. In order to ensure vibration, it is preferable to use SSD for storage. In order to improve visibility even outdoors in direct sunlight, it is preferable to use Dual-Mode AllVue (TM) Xtreme technology.
In order to suppress deterioration of display quality due to stains, it is preferable to use a film having water / oil repellency, stain resistance, fingerprint resistance, anti-fingerprint property, etc., and a transparent base film is used as the base material of the film. As the resin material for forming the transparent base film, specifically, an acrylic resin such as poly (meth) acrylate, a cellulose resin such as triacetate cellulose (TAC), diacetyl cellulose, and cellophane, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). -Polyester resin such as polyethylene naphthalate, polyamide resin such as 6-nylon, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene / polypropylene, organic polymer such as polystyrene / polyvinyl chloride / polyimide / polyvinyl alcohol / polycarbonate / ethylene vinyl alcohol, Examples thereof include epoxy resins, urethane resins, ABS resins (acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer resins), MS resins (methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer resins, copolymer resins such as acrylonitrile-styrene) and the like. Among them, triacetate cellulose (TAC) -based resin and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) -based resin are preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and the like.

In order to enhance scratch resistance, it is preferable to impart a hard coat property or a self-healing coating film to the film. As the resin contained in the composition for forming a hard coat layer, a known resin can be used, but in consideration of improving the surface hardness, it is preferable to include an ionizing radiation curable resin.

The ionizing radiation curable resin includes polyfunctional acrylates such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol, polyfunctional acrylate such as diisocyanate and polyhydric alcohol, and hydroxy ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Urethane acrylate and the like can be mentioned. In addition to these, polyether resins having acrylate-based functional groups, polyester resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, spiroacetal resins, polybutadiene resins, polythiol polyene resins and the like can also be used. Of the above, it is preferable to use a polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer in consideration of improving the surface hardness. Here, as the polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer, the hydroxyl group of a polyhydric alcohol having two or more alcoholic hydroxyl groups in one molecule is an esterified product of two or more (meth) acrylic acids. Compounds are preferred. Other examples include those in which a reactive acrylic group is bonded to an acrylic resin skeleton, polyester acrylate, urethane acrylate, epoxy acrylate, and polyether acrylate. Further, those having an acrylic group bonded to a rigid skeleton such as melamine or isocyanuric acid can also be used.

Further, the polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer of the present invention may be an oligomer. Commercially available polyfunctional acrylic monomers include Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd .; (trade name "Diabeam" series, etc.), Nagase Chemtex Co., Ltd .; (trade name "Denacol" series, etc.), Shin-Nakamura Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Product name "NK ester" series, etc.), Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Co., Ltd .; (Product name "UNIDIC" series, etc.), Toa Synthetic Co., Ltd .; (Product name "Aronix" series, etc.), Nippon Yushi Co., Ltd .; (Product name "Blemmer" series, etc.), Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd .; (Product name "KAYARAD" series, etc.), Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd .; (Product name "Light ester" series, "Light acrylate" series, etc.) Can be used.

Further, as another ionizing radiation curable resin, a fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable group can be mentioned. When the composition for forming a hard coat layer contains a fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable group, antifouling properties can be imparted to the surface of the hard coat layer formed by the composition for forming the hard coat layer. When a fluorine-based additive having no polymerizable group is used, the additive is in a state of floating on the surface of the hard coat layer, so that the additive is removed from the surface of the hard coat by wiping with a cloth or the like. For this reason, once the surface is wiped with a cloth or the like, there is a drawback that the antifouling property is lost.

Therefore, by imparting a polymerizable group to the fluorine compound having antifouling properties, the fluorine-based additives are also polymerized when the hard coat layer is formed, and the antifouling properties are maintained even if the surface is wiped with a cloth or the like. As a fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable group having an advantage of the above, a compound in which the polymerizable group has a (meth) acrylate group is more preferable. This is because it is possible to copolymerize with a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer, and the hardness can be increased by radical polymerization by ionizing radiation. The fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable group is more preferably a compound in which the polymerizable group has a (meth) acrylate group. This is because it is possible to copolymerize with a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer, and the hardness can be increased by radical polymerization by ionizing radiation. Examples of the fluorine-containing compound having such a polymerizable group include Optool DAC (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.), SUA1900L10, SUA1900L6 (manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.), UT3971 (manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Co., Ltd.), and Defensa TF3001. , Defensa TF3000, Defensa TF3028 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink Co., Ltd.), Light Pro Coat AFC3000 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), KNS5300 (manufactured by Shinetsu Silicone Co., Ltd.), UVHC1105, UVHC8550 (manufactured by GE Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) ) And so on. The amount of the fluorine-containing compound having a polymerizable group to be used is preferably 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less with respect to the polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer of the composition for forming a hard coat layer. If it is less than 0.01% by weight, sufficient antifouling properties are not exhibited, the surface energy also shows a value larger than 20 mN / m, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the phase with the polymerizable monomer and the solvent. Since the solubility is not good, the coating liquid may become cloudy or precipitate, which may cause inconveniences such as defects in the coating liquid / hard coat layer.

The composition for forming a hard coat layer preferably contains a photoradical polymerization initiator for initiating the polymerization reaction of the ionizing radiation curable resin. The photoradical polymerization initiator generates radicals by irradiating it with ionizing radiation and initiates the polymerization reaction of the ionizing radiation curable resin. Specific examples of the photoradical polymerization initiator include acetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, p-dimethylacetophenone, p-dimethylaminopropiophenone, benzophenone, 2-chlorobenzophenone, and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone. , 4,4'-Bisdiethylaminobenzophenone, Michler Ketone, benzyl, benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, p-isopropyl-α-hydroxyisobutylphenone, α-hydroxyisobutylphenone, 2,2-dimethoxy- Carbonyl compounds such as 2-phenylacetophenone and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenylketone, sulfur compounds such as tetramethylthium monosulfide, tetramethylthium disulfide, thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone and 2-methylthioxanthone can be used. These photopolymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the photoradical polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less with respect to the ionizing radiation curable resin of the composition for forming a hard coat layer. If it is less than 0.01% by weight, the curing reaction does not proceed sufficiently when irradiated with ionizing radiation, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the ionizing radiation does not sufficiently reach the lower part of the hard coat layer.

If necessary, the composition for forming a hard coat layer includes, in addition to the above-mentioned components, a modifier for improving the characteristics of the hard coat layer and a hard coat layer within a range that does not impair the reaction due to ionizing radiation. It may contain a thermal polymerization inhibitor for preventing thermal polymerization during the production of the coat film and dark reaction during storage of the composition for forming a hard coat layer. As modifiers, coatability improvers, defoamers, thickeners, antistatic agents, inorganic particles, organic particles, organic lubricants, organic polymer compounds, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, dyes. , Pigments, stabilizers and the like. The content of these modifiers is preferably 0.01% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less based on 100% by weight of the solid content of the composition for forming a hard coat layer. Examples of the thermal polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, and 2,5-t-butylhydroquinone. The content of the thermal polymerization inhibitor is preferably 0.005% by weight or more and 0.05% by weight or less based on 100% by weight of the solid content of the composition for forming a hard coat layer.

Further, the composition for forming a hard coat layer may contain various particles in order to impart an antiglare function to the hard coat layer. The particles are appropriately selected from organic particles such as acrylic particles, acrylic styrene particles, polystyrene particles, polycarbonate particles, and melamine particles, and inorganic particles such as silica particle talc, various aluminosilicates, kaolin clay, and MgAl hydrotalcite. Will be done. The average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and the average film thickness of the hard coat layer at this time is preferably 2 μm or more and 20 μm or less. When the average particle size of the particles is less than 0.5 μm, it becomes difficult to form irregularities on the surface of the hard coat layer. On the other hand, when the average particle size of the particles exceeds 10 μm, the texture of the obtained hard coat film becomes rough, and the hard coat film may not be suitable for a high-definition display surface. Further, if the average film thickness of the hard coat layer is less than 2 μm, it may not be possible to obtain sufficient scratch resistance to be provided on the display surface. On the other hand, when the average film thickness of the hard coat layer exceeds 20 μm, the degree of curl of the produced hard coat film becomes large, which may make handling difficult.
From the viewpoint of scratch resistance, it is preferable to impart a film having a self-healing function, and even if it is scratched, it is preferable to self-repair by the elasticity of the film. ..

For antiviral and antibacterial properties, a method using a photocatalyst or Ag particles is preferable, inorganic particles such as titanium oxide are preferable for the photocatalyst, nanoparticles are more preferably nanoparticles, and e ^{+ for antiviral properties.} Ceramic composite materials such as (Earth Plus) that have photodegradability are preferable, and these antiviral and antibacterial coatings or films are preferably applied to other than the display part when they are not transparent, and are transparent. In some cases, it is preferable to apply it to the entire display element.
For fingerprint resistance, it is preferable to add a compound having a lipid-repellent property to the film, and it is preferable to add a fluorine-substituted compound such as a perfluoropolyether acrylate compound or a compound having a perfluoro group to the film. Alternatively, a functional film such as "Clear Touch" (NOF Chemical) or Fingerprint (registered trademark) Film (Tsujiden) can be applied to the display element.

As the functions provided by the display element of the present invention, it is preferable to have a three-axis gyro, an acceleration sensor, an ambient light sensor, mobile phone communication such as Wi-Fi and 3G, a digital compass, and a GPS function.
As the UPU used for the tablet PC using the display element of the present invention, it is preferable that the UPU has low power consumption, low heat generation and a large number of calculations, preferably a single core or dual core, and more preferably a quad core, 8-core, 12 -Core, 24-core, 48-core, 96-core, 192-core are preferable.

The display element of the present invention includes a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet PC, a monitor, an instrument, a home air conditioner, a TV, a washing machine, a rice cooker, a component, a portable music player, a household solar cell, and a household. During disasters such as fuel cells and other home appliances, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, nursing robots, nursing body suits, earthquakes, fires, floods, landslides, eruptions, pyroclastic flows, landslides, guerrilla heavy rains, reactor accidents, and reactor events. It is preferable to have a communication function to control the robots and observation equipment used, and the communication is Wi-Fi, 3G, wireless LAN such as 4th generation communication, 5th generation communication, 6th generation communication, high-speed communication network, telephone line. , Internet, Bluetooth, Infrared, etc., "Centralized power generation" such as thermal power generation and nuclear power generation such as smart grid, smart city, smart town, and "Distributed power generation" that is distributed and distributed near the demand area. It is preferable to have a function to control a next-generation power transmission system that efficiently manages "" by making full use of the latest IT technology. , Fuel cell power generation, ocean current power generation, wave power generation, piezoelectric power generation, renewable energy, etc., and automobiles, trains, factories, houses, hospitals, schools, government offices, lighting, air conditioning that operate using this electricity , It is preferable that it can be used as an information terminal for controlling machines, devices, home appliances, etc. anytime and anywhere. It is also preferable to use it for electronic books, electronic textbooks, electronic medical records, electronic notebooks, etc., and the touch panel method in which pressing pressure is applied such as finger or pen input is most preferable.

As for the pressing pressure, it is preferable that the display is restored even if the surface of the display element is pressed with a pressure of 1 kg or less with a sharp tip such ^{as a 0.2 mm 2 mechanical pencil or a stylus pen for tablet PCs, and the display is restored, such as the index finger and thumb.} It is preferable that the display is restored even if the surface of the display element is pressed with a stylus, the display is preferably restored even if the area of the finger is 4 x 3 cm ² or less and the pressure is 2 kg or less, and the repeat resistance is 10,000 times or more and 100,000 times or more. It is preferably resistant to 100,000 times or more, more preferably 10 million times or more.

The display element of the present invention can be used for a stationary type display element such as a desktop personal computer, a large, medium and small size control device, and an automatic sales device, but in addition to this, digital signage (electronic signage) and Pinto of purchase advertising It can be used for (POP), electronic timetables, electronic bulletin boards, electronic price tags, electronic blackboards, instrument displays, etc., and the display surface may be a single-sided, double-sided, or sea-throw display, and particularly preferably a finger or pen input is pressed. The touch panel method in which pressure is applied is most preferable. In order to easily use it anytime and anywhere, a form such as a notebook computer, a tablet PC, a smartphone or a mobile phone is preferable, and a display element having a touch panel type such as finger or pen input is most preferable.
The liquid crystal display element may be a flexible display element, and in that case, it is preferable to use a flexible substrate such as a plastic substrate or a thin film glass substrate as the electrode substrate. As the electrode, it is preferable to use a flexible electrode material such as graphene (a sheet composed of a monoatomic layer of carbon) or an organic semiconductor.

The structure of the organic TFT is preferably top contact or bottom contact, more preferably bottom gate / bottom contact type, and the core organic semiconductor is a metal (Cu, Pb, Ni) phthalocyanine derivative, a metal porphyrin derivative, or a pentasen derivative. , Polycyclic aromatic compounds such as anthracene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, anthradithiophene derivatives, hexabenzocolonen derivatives, rubrene derivatives, low molecular weight compounds such as tetracyanodikimethane, polyacetylene and poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), Polymers such as polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV), polyfluorene, polypyrrole, polythiophene derivatives, perylenetetracarboxydiimide derivatives (PTCDI), perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride derivatives (PTCDA), fluorine-substituted phthalocyanine derivatives, carbon nanotubes, polyaniline derivatives , Graphene, naphthalenetetracarbonyl compound, perylenetetracarbonyl compound, quaterylenetetracarbonyl compound, fullerene compound, hetero 5-membered ring compound (oligothiophene, TTF derivative) and the like are preferable, and pentacene is more preferable.

Further, these organic semiconductors can be doped, and iodine-doped polypyrrole, iodine-doped polyacetylene, and the like are preferable. In order to improve the characteristics of the organic semiconductor compound, it is preferable to increase the orientation of the molecule, and it is preferable to use an organic semiconductor compound in which liquid crystal property is imparted to the above compound. These liquid crystal organic semiconductor compounds may be low molecular weight type, high molecular weight type, or supramolecular type, and preferably have a columnar structure or a layer structure in order to transport electrons and holes.

The graphene material may be produced top-down or bottom-up. Top-down may be the Scotch tape method, Modified Hummers method, or supercritical method, and bottom-up may be the thermal CVD method or the graphene growth method on SiC. The used transistor is preferably manufactured by a peeling / transfer method, a CVD / transfer method, or a SiC surface thermal decomposition method. When manufactured at a low temperature, graphene is CVD-formed on an insulating substrate at a temperature as low as 650 ° C. A technique for directly forming a transistor on the entire surface of the substrate is preferable (Fujitsu Laboratory). In order to obtain a large-area graphene sheet that is a single layer and has high carrier mobility, a method of forming a graphene film by CVD on a thin Cu film and transferring it to another substrate is preferable, specifically. A method of attaching a Cu film in a cylindrical quartz tube having a diameter of 8 inches or more, performing CVD on the Cu film, taking it out, bringing it into close contact with the polymer film, and then peeling it off (roll-to-roll method) is preferable (X. Li). et al., Science, 324, 1312-1314 (2010)).

Gold is preferable for the gate electrode, platinum / gold is preferable for the source and drain electrodes, and a polymer material is preferable for the gate insulating film and the passivation film. After all the layers except the passivation film are formed, the pentacene film is formed by vapor deposition. Is more preferable. In order to improve the performance of organic TFTs, it is important to control the interface between pentacene and the organic gate insulating film and electrodes, and the mobility is increased by adding a silane coupling agent to the organic insulating film to make it water repellent. It is preferable to add measures such as increasing the contact resistance between the source / drain electrode and pentacene, or using a laminated electrode. It is preferable as a display element to integrate an organic TFT with an organic EL having a top emission structure in high definition.
Further, as a method for manufacturing a display element using an organic semiconductor, a printing method (printable electronics) is preferable, and a graphene transistor manufactured by the printing method is preferably used. It is also preferable to use a metal nanoparticle material such as nano-silver particles and nano-copper particles for the printed wiring used for the flexible display element. Further, as a printing method for obtaining an organic semiconductor exceeding amorphous silicon, a "double shot" printing method in which two types of ink, an ink in which the organic semiconductor is melted and an ink for promoting the crystallization of the organic semiconductor, are alternately dropped is also preferable. C8-BTBT (dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene) is preferable as the semiconductor ink of (Nature 475, 364-367, 21 July 2011).

The liquid crystal display element can also perform 3D display by time division such as field sequential method, space division such as polarization method, parallax barrier method, integral imaging method, wavelength division such as spectroscopic method and anaglyph, FPS mode, etc. Is.
SOG (System on Glass) is preferable in order to improve vibration resistance and impact resistance by reducing the number of parts (cost reduction) of the liquid crystal display element and the number of connection points with external circuits. Circuits mounted on a glass substrate include DACs, power amplifiers, logic circuits, microprocessors, and memories supplied as ICs and LSIs, liquid crystal control circuits, power supply circuits, input / output interface circuits, signal processing circuits, and power. It is preferable that a peripheral circuit systematized by mounting an amplifier or the like on one glass substrate is formed on the glass substrate.

Hereinafter, application to DH-FLC, which is an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, will be described.
Ferroelectricity (SmC ^* phase) is exhibited in the ^{SmC *} phase formed by molecules with chirality. B. It was predicted by Meyer in 1978, and at the same time it was molecularly designed and realized. Furthermore, in 1981, N.M. A. Clark and J.M. P. Lagerwall can thaw the spiral structure and realize a bistable two stable states by encapsulating the ^{SmC *} phase in a horizontally oriented thin-film liquid crystal cell consisting of two glass plates, and the glass plate in the vertical direction. It was proposed that liquid crystal molecules could be rotated in the azimuth direction by a polar electric field and applied as a high-speed (10 msec) display element with memory. After that, research on application was carried out extremely vigorously at universities, research institutes, companies, etc. mainly in 1990. However, due to the inability to achieve uniform horizontal orientation and the principle difficulty of gradation display, the SmC ^* phase is currently used only in minute display elements.
On the other hand, as research on the nematic liquid crystal display (IPS) using an in-plane electric field progresses, a method of causing uneven distribution of molecular orientation in a horizontal electric field from a state in which a spiral is held in a vertical orientation (Defformed Helix FLC: approximately DH-FLC) method. Was devised. In the case of a vertically oriented cell, uniform orientation can be easily realized because it is well matched with the original symmetry of ^{the SmC * phase.} However, on the contrary, in this method, the height of the threshold electric field is a practical barrier. In particular, a sample having a short pitch length that realizes a sufficient black state is not suitable for practical use because the threshold electric field becomes very high. That is, although the SmC ^* phase has extremely attractive high speed in principle, there is no prospect of a full-scale application method even now, 35 years after the invention. In particular, if the drive voltage of the DH-FLC can be reduced, it is considered to be promising as a high-speed response liquid crystal mode capable of displaying gray scale and having a good black level.
For example, as a document relating to a technique for reducing the drive voltage of a DH-FLC, Document 1 (High-speed infrared phase modulator's sending shot helix ferroelectric liquid crystal Lee, J.H.D. .-H., Yu, C.-J., Lee, S.-D., Wu, S.-T. 2005 Optics Express 13 (20), pp. 7732-7740).

Document 1 discloses a method of making the electric field inside the cell uniform and lowering the voltage by using double-sided IPS. As another technique, Reference 2 (A ferroelectric liquid crystal display voltage with low operation voltage in a Pixel-confined geometry Na, J.-H. D. 2009 IDW '09 -Proceedings of the 16th International Display Works 1, pp.111-112), the electrode is a single-sided IPS, and the structure (micro-geometry) that confine the liquid crystal molecule with a polymer is confined. Disclosed are methods of achieving low voltage drive by fabrication.

In the configurations as described in Documents 1 and 2, the liquid crystal display state is generally uniform. Therefore, in the case of a response behavior in which molecules collide with each other, the response speed becomes slow. Therefore, the problems of Documents 1 and 2 can be solved by changing the uniformity of the aggregated state of the liquid crystal display. In particular, if the drive voltage of the DH-FLC can be reduced, it is promising as a high-speed response liquid crystal mode capable of displaying gray scale and having a good black level.
Initially, the inventors investigated the electro-optical response behavior (DH-FLC mode) to an electric field in the layer parallel direction using an IPS electrode (10 mm pitch) ^{in the SmC *} phase that maintained a spiral structure in a vertical orientation. .. In this process, ^{the electro-optical response of the SmC *} phase shows high threshold characteristics in a uniformly homeotropic (vertical) orientation, but once a high voltage is applied and layer orientation is disturbed at the electrode edges, I was wondering that the orientation rotation is easily induced even at a low voltage and the threshold voltage drops. Therefore, we find that the existence of a "structure" in the layer parallel direction ^{and the behavior of the interface between the "structure" and the SmC *} phase as a "slippy interface" have an important relationship with the electro-optic response characteristics. I noticed. However, it is generally considered that the best condition is that the layers are continuously present in the direction parallel to the layers and there is no structure. Here, there are various methods for positively designing and realizing a slippy interface in the liquid crystal cell, and various states can be considered for the coexisting phase for forming the interface. In this report, we propose a process using macroscopic phase separation and wetting phenomenon (to conceal the interface) as one of the methods, demonstrate the threshold reduction effect by introducing a slippy interface, and also. The physical mechanism will be explained. In particular, the following method will be introduced as a process for appropriately forming and arranging a slippy interface in a sample. (1) Using the Azo dye molecule as a solvent molecule, the liquid phase separation domain induced by UV-induced phase separation and (2) Induced by the first-order phase transition of ^{cholesteric (Ch) -SmC * using a highly polar solvent.} The liquid phase separation domain to be used. This can provide some sort of breakthrough principle for the practical application of the SmC ^{* phase.}

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these Examples. In addition, "%" in the compositions of the following Examples and Comparative Examples means "mass%". In the examples, the measured characteristics and evaluations are as follows.
"Azo dye mixed SmC ^* : electro-optical response before and after the formation of a slippy interface by UV irradiation"
(Example 1)
Ferroelectric liquid crystal display mixed system of DIC Corporation shown below (FY8004: transparent point is 106 ° C)

In addition, the following azo dye molecule (Azo-Acrylate)

Was mixed in about 3 wt% to prepare a sample. A thickness of 5 μm between two IPS electrode glasses that have been subjected to vertical alignment treatment with a vertical alignment agent (the distance between the positive and negative electrodes is 10 μm, the width of each electrode is 10 μm, and opaque chrome metal is used as the material for the positive and negative electrodes). The sample was sealed with a test liquid crystal cell. Here, the vertical alignment treatment with the vertical alignment agent is performed by using a 0.05% aqueous solution of "Surfing 150" manufactured by DIC as the vertical alignment agent, immersing the glass substrate in the vertical alignment agent, pulling it up, and drying it. Orientation treatment was applied. Immediately after encapsulation of the sample and before irradiation with UV light, there was no liquid, and the liquid crystal phase was homogeneous with no phase separation. Before UV light irradiation, when a sinusoidal voltage of 1 Hz, ± 10 V is applied to the electrodes, a polarizing microscope photograph is shown in FIG. 1 (a), and a graph of voltage-transmitted light intensity is shown in FIGS. 2 (dotted line) and 3 (dotted line). )Pointing out toungue. According to the experimental data shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pattern corresponding to the wedge of Cano moves greatly in translation with the change of voltage, and the brightness is weak (the photograph is processed to increase the brightness) threshold value. Is confirmed to be high.

Next, after irradiating the test liquid crystal cell with UV light (UV lamp ZUV-C30H manufactured by Omron, wavelength 365 nm, irradiation intensity 0.5 mW / cm ² , 60 seconds), a sine wave voltage of 1 Hz, ± 10 V is applied to the electrodes. FIG. 1 (b) shows a polarizing microscope photograph, and FIGS. 2 (broken) and 3 (broken) show a graph of voltage-transmitted light intensity. When the test liquid crystal cell was irradiated with UV light, it showed a transmitted light intensity of 70% or more at 10 V, and the responsiveness was sharply improved by an order of magnitude or more (see FIGS. 2 and 3) (FIG. 1 (b) polarized micrograph. reference).
It was confirmed that the liquid phase-separated domain was generated by UV light irradiation, and the lower part of the electrode surface (near the electrode) was wet due to the high polarity peculiar to the cis azo molecule. It is well known that when azobenzene is irradiated with UV light, trans → cis isomerization occurs. Further, it is known that the cis form has a structure in which molecules are bent and is incompatible with the arrangement of surrounding liquid crystals, so that the liquid crystal phase may become unstable and become a liquid. From these facts, it can be inferred that the liquid appears and becomes wet because the azo dye molecule in the liquid crystal composition undergoes cis isomerization and changes to a liquid. This is the structure that plays the role of the "Slippy interface" designed by us inventors. It is certain that the threshold value will be improved by one digit or more. However, if a high voltage is applied in this state, the liquid interface will be connected between the electrodes, and the transmittance and responsiveness will be impaired, so care must be taken.

(Example 2)
The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 11- [4- (4-Butylphenyllazo) -phenoxy] undecyl Metalhaclylate (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used instead of the azo dye molecule used in Example 1. A polarizing microscope photograph before and after UV light irradiation was taken when a liquid crystal cell for use was prepared and a sinusoidal voltage of 1 Hz and ± 10 V was applied to the electrodes in the same manner as in Example 1, and the voltage-transmitted light intensity was measured. It was measured.
It was confirmed that the liquid phase-separated domain was generated by UV light irradiation, and the lower part of the electrode surface was wet due to the high polarity peculiar to the cis azo molecule.

^{"SmC *} phase mixed with polar solvent: Ch-SmC ^* Slippy interface formation and electro-optical response by first-order phase transition"
(Example 3)
FY8011 ferroelectric liquid crystal mixed system manufactured by DIC (transparent point is 72 ° C) shown below.

Hexyl Acrylate, which is a polar solvent, was mixed with about 4% ^{to generate a slippy phase-separated domain via the Ch-SmC *} phase transition, which was placed under the electrode by utilizing its wettability. Since FY8011 is more solvent-incompatible than FY8004 and has a ^{primary transition of Ch-SmC *} , it spontaneously generates the same liquid phase separation domain as the Azo dye even without the addition of the azo component, and is slippy. Interface can be realized. Polarized light micrographs are shown in FIG. 1 (c), and the voltage-transmitted light intensity dependence is shown by the solid lines in FIGS. 2 and 3. Similar to the previous section, high brightness of about 75% can be obtained at 10 V, and the same high brightness can be obtained even with AM modulation (see the polarized light micrograph of FIG. 1 (c)).

"Mechanism of threshold voltage reduction by slippy interface"
It represents that the molecule rotates with a translational movement rather than rotating around its own position, or that the liquid crystal molecule rotates with a translational movement of the Cano wedge pattern with a change in pitch. It can be understood that such exercise is the origin of the threshold increase. That is, the interface between the liquid phase separation domain and the liquid crystal, which we arbitrarily arranged under the electrode by utilizing the wettability, is important as a "Slippy interface" to freely release the rotational motion of the molecule due to the electric field. (See Fig. 4). These mechanisms are also closely related to the molecular rotation drive in the Free-standing film reported by Tanabe et al. And the translational movement of matter.

"response speed"
When the response speed was evaluated by applying a three-stage rectangular waveform of 50 Hz, three stages (+ 10V → 0V → -10V → 0V) to the test liquid crystal cell (Fig. 5), when the same voltage was applied. , FY8004 does not change to about 5 msec before and after UV light irradiation (dotted line and broken line), FY8011 is about 3 msec (solid line) even after the introduction of the Slippy interface by mixing polar solvents, and this speed is the material at the same temperature and voltage. It was found that the original response speed, the introduction of the Slippy interface did not seriously affect the response speed, and a good high-speed response could be maintained.

The experimental data and discussions obtained in the above examples and the like are summarized in detail with reference to FIGS. 7A to 28.

(Examples 4 to 9)
In the lower left of FIG. 7A, the optical purity of the chiral component (compound with an addition amount of 30%) in the ferroelectric liquid crystal mixed system of Example 1 is shown in Example 4: (a) 100% [spiral pitch of about 400 nm]. Example 5: (b) 88%, Example 6: (c) 80% [spiral pitch about 600 nm], Example 7: (d) 78%, Example 8: (e) 75%, Example 9: (F) is a graph showing the relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance of a liquid crystal cell produced at 71% without adding an azo dye molecule. This is shown enlarged in FIG. 7B. Those without prime (') are the measurement data when the voltage rises, and those with prime (') are the measurement data when the voltage drops.
In the lower left figure of FIG. 7A, the transmittance of the liquid crystal cell having a long spiral pitch (Examples 8 and 9) increases to about 10% when 10 V is applied (in the figure, the deep line of the V-shaped valley corresponds). On the other hand, when the spiral pitch is shortened to about visible light (Examples 4 and 5), the transmittance is increased only to 2% by applying 10 V as well. That is, it can be seen that if an attempt is made to secure black in a dark state by making the spiral pitch shorter than the wavelength of visible light, the threshold value becomes high and a high transmittance cannot be obtained. The spiral pitch was changed by changing the amount of the chiral compound added in the composition of Example 1. A short spiral pitch can be obtained by increasing the addition amount, and a long spiral pitch can be obtained by decreasing the addition amount.

In the lower right figure of FIG. 7A, the texture when an electric field is applied is viewed with a polarizing microscope in the same cell as in FIG. The black streaks are the electrodes, and there is a liquid crystal display between them, which is the texture when a voltage is applied between the electrodes. According to texture observation, the molecule rotates as a kind of reaction by applying an electric field, but as a result, the pitch of the spiral changes, and it seems to be seen in the part where the number of windings of the spiral structure changes in the wedge cell of Cano. Defects are observed. It was observed that this defect caused translational movement upon application of voltage, and it was found that such translational movement of the spiral structure slowed down the response. The lubricating component is phase-separated at the electrode, but since the electrode is opaque, only the amount of liquid that protrudes from the electrode can be observed. Since the black line part shows an opaque electrode, there is a liquid crystal display and a lubricating component, and the white line part is between the electrodes, and anisotropy of the liquid crystal component is expressed because an electric field is applied, and birefringence. It looks bright because of.

The Slippy interface, which is an important element of the concept of the present invention, will be described with reference to FIG. At a normal interface, the liquid crystal molecules are adsorbed on the interface, and the adsorbed liquid crystal molecules cannot move, forcing or controlling the orientation of the bulk liquid crystal molecules (Fig. 8, left figure). Examples of the Slippy interface include a (water-repellent (molecule)) interface that repels liquid crystal molecules and a liquid interface. At the liquid interface, the interface has the property of liquid, so even if molecules are adsorbed, unlike the solid interface, they can move together with the other party (= interface component), so they can freely rotate and translate (Fig. 8, right). figure). In FIG. 8, in the liquid crystal component, the first liquid crystal domain containing the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal domain containing the second liquid crystal molecule have a slippery interface (lubricating component) at the boundary region thereof. As a result, the rotational movement of each of the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule, the translational movement of the wedge pattern of Cano, and the like become smooth. Therefore, the liquid crystal cell in which the boundary region of the slippy interface is realized by the liquid crystal phase separation domain as in Examples 1 to 3 after UV light irradiation is a cell that does not form a slippy interface (for example, UV of Example 1). It was found that the orientation rotation is induced at a lower voltage than before (before light irradiation), that is, the molecule responds at a lower voltage. The liquid interface does not have to be an interface consisting of a pure liquid, but may be an interface consisting of a state in which the adsorbed liquid crystal molecules are free to rotate and translate. For example, a gel or the like is macroscopically solid. However, since they are liquids in the micro (molecule), they can also be regarded as liquid interfaces, so the addition of gel is also effective. Further, for example, an interface having a state of order lower than that of bulk liquid crystal molecules also exhibits the same function as a liquid interface. In order to lower the order, it is effective to add polymers, oligomers, fine particles and the like to the liquid crystal display. Further, it is effective to add a substance (including a monomer) having a molecular shape different from that of the liquid crystal molecule. By adding a photoresponsive substance (azobenzene, etc.) that changes the molecular shape from a rod shape (= a shape similar to a liquid crystal molecule) to a bent shape (= a shape different from a liquid crystal molecule) by a light response, and irradiating with light. It is also possible to create an unordered state or a liquid state, which state can be used as a liquid interface. When the azo compound has a poor affinity with the liquid crystal display other than the effect of the shape, it is possible to form a liquid interface without the need for light irradiation. Further, in order to form a liquid interface, it is effective to add a material having a property of causing phase separation from the liquid crystal, and examples of such a material include a solvent or a material having incompatibility with the liquid crystal component. Be done. As a material having incompatibility, a hydrophilic substance or fluorine is introduced to the extent that it exhibits incompatibility with liquid crystal, for example, a part or all of hydrogen of an alkyl chain is incompatible with liquid crystal. An alkyl group substituted with fluorine (referred to as a perfluoroalkyl group) can be mentioned. All of these additives contribute to the formation of the liquid interface, and can be recognized as a lubricating component in terms of the function of the liquid interface.

In FIG. 8, the movement of the C director of the liquid crystal molecule of FLC in the horizontal electrode mode has been described as an example, but the effect of this slippy interface is that of such a mode, such a material, and such a director. It is not limited to the type. For example, it is a principle that applies when it is necessary to lubricate the movement of the n-director even when the n-director (or simply called the director) of the nematic liquid crystal is responding. When there are differences in the motility of the n-director (speed and orientation, stationary and dynamic parts, etc.), lubricating the response with a slippy interface is beneficial for improving function, and such lubricating action. The liquid crystal composition and / or the device configuration having the above is also included in the present invention. The modes that have such a difference in the motility of the n-director and are the objects of the present invention include, for example, VA (vertical orientation) type, IPS (inplane switching) type, and FFS (fringe field switching). There are types, TN (twisted nematic) type, STN (super twisted nematic) type, GH (guest host) type, OCB (optically compensated birefringence) type, ECB (voltage controlled birefringence) type and the like.

On the other hand, in order to create a liquid interface, it is also effective to introduce into the interface the property of liquefying the liquid crystal in contact with the interface or reducing the order. As such an interface, for example, there is an interface having a function of introducing a random surface shape to melt the orientation order of the liquid crystal in contact with the interface, and an interface that melts continuously by introducing fractal properties. Also includes. Further, as such an interface, there is an interface in which the additive for reducing the order of the liquid crystal is introduced into the interface. In this case, an additive having a strong affinity with the interface is preferable for forming a liquid interface. Alternatively, such an interface includes an interface in which the additive is bonded to the interface. For example, there is a polymer-grafted interface. It is also possible to continuously change the order by utilizing the polydispersity of the polymer.

Some methods of producing the effect of the lubricating component, that is, forming the liquid interface, will be described with reference to FIG. The left figure of FIG. 9 is a description of the first embodiment, and the right figure of FIG. 9 is a description of the third embodiment. In the system in which the azo compound is added to the liquid crystal (Example 1), as described above, a phase separation region from the liquid crystal is expressed as shown in the left figure of FIG. 9 due to light irradiation and / or temperature change and the addition concentration. .. In the phase separation region, the liquid is in a phase-separated state from the liquid crystal, so that a liquid interface can be formed. This type of phase separation is known, for example, as two-phase coexistence in a polymer solution, eg, "Thermodynamics for Soft Matter", by Fumihiko Tanaka, Shokabo (2009), p. 135, Fig. It is shown in 4.20. The right figure of FIG. 9 shows a state in which a phase separation region is generated depending on the temperature and concentration conditions in a system in which a solvent is added to the liquid crystal (Example 3), and under the condition where the phase separation region is generated. The formation of a liquid interface is expected. This type of phase separation is shown, for example, in PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYERS, CEVC, MARSH, co-authored by JOHN WILEY & SONS (1987), p. 373, Fig. 13.2.

FIG. 10 shows a state in which a liquid interface is formed by light irradiation in a system in which an azo compound is added to a liquid crystal display, and as a result, a threshold electric field is lowered and a high transmittance is obtained. FIG. 10 is a result of using the liquid crystal mixed system described in Example 1, and the upper left and lower right figures in FIG. 10 are the same as those in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), respectively.
The upper left figure of FIG. 10 shows a bright state before light irradiation, and it can be seen that the brightness is low (transmittance is low). By irradiating with UV light and causing a trans-Cis transition of the added azo compound, the compatibility of the azo compound changes, making it difficult to be compatible with the liquid crystal and phase-separating the vicinity of the electrode. A liquid becomes present (under the electrode) and a liquid interface is formed. As a result, even when the same voltage was applied, a high-luminance (high transmittance) state could be obtained as shown in the lower right of FIG.
In the upper left figure of FIG. 10, since the trans-type azo compound is compatible with the liquid crystal component, it cannot function as a lubricating component. Therefore, when a voltage of 15 V is applied, the liquid crystal molecules do not respond sufficiently, so that they do not function as optical elements, that is, they appear dark. The cell is observed with a polarizing microscope and is sandwiched between two orthogonal polarizing plates. Birefringence is expressed by the reaction of the liquid crystal molecules, and the liquid crystal molecules become brighter. When the azo compound is changed to the cis type by UV light irradiation, the cis type azo compound and the liquid crystal component are phase-separated.
In the lower right figure of FIG. 10, the black line portion is the electrode portion, and the cis-type azo compound is unevenly distributed in that portion, so that the lubricating component is present in that portion. When the liquid crystal region (first liquid crystal domain) to which an electric field is applied next to a certain electrode and the liquid crystal region (second liquid crystal domain) to which an electric field is applied to the opposite side of the electrode respond. The molecules move so that their directions collide with each other near the electrodes, but the lubricating function works because the lubricating component is present there. Therefore, in the lower right figure of FIG. 10, as in the upper left figure of FIG. 10, the liquid crystal molecules easily respond due to the lubrication function even though the voltage of 15 V is applied, and as a result, as a result, It has a large birefringence and looks bright.

FIG. 11 is a quantitative representation of the results of FIG. 10, and is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 (broken line and dotted line in FIG. 2). Before UV light irradiation, the transmittance is as low as 2% when 10 V is applied, but when the slippy interface (liquid interface) is introduced by UV light irradiation, the transmittance is improved to 50%. The curve of the change in transmittance in the figure is clearly separated as two lines in the case of high transmittance in order to show hysteresis. It is known that this hysteresis is caused by the translational movement (pitch movement) of the spiral structure described in the second paragraph of the lower right figure of FIG. 7A. Therefore, in order to achieve a high-speed response and / or a response without hysteresis, the situation in which the translational movement (pitch motion) of the spiral structure is suppressed is achieved by selecting the material and / or optimizing the driving method. I found it important to do.

In FIG. 12, for Example 3, droplets (liquid region) are generated due to phase separation, and since the region has high wettability with the electrode, the liquid region is striped or dumped under the electrode (near the electrode). It is a figure which showed that the slippy interface was formed by forming. Observation is performed while applying a voltage after several seconds to 20 seconds have elapsed after UV light irradiation.
As a result, it can be seen that high transmittance is achieved by applying a voltage.
The factors that cause phase separation are (a) since no electric field is generated on the electrodes, and the molecules move between the electrodes, so it is expected that the liquid part will be concentrated on the electrodes where the molecules do not move. On the other hand, (b) the liquid has a strong affinity with the electrode, and it is possible that the liquid collects on the electrode. Even if the phase separation is caused by the static affinity difference of (b), it is considered that the dynamic phase separation selection structure of (a) is generated by applying a voltage.

FIG. 13 is a quantitative representation of the results of FIG. 12, and is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 2 (solid line in FIG. 2). The composition of Example 3 undergoes a primary phase transition because it directly transitions from the cholesteric (Ch) phase to the chiral smectic (SmC ^* ) phase (= FLC phase (ferroelectric liquid crystal phase)) when the temperature is lowered. As shown in the right figure of FIG. 9, a phase separation region can be generated and a slippy interface can be formed. Since FY8011 responds at high speed, it can be seen that almost no hysteresis is observed. In addition, this result shows that the comb-shaped electrodes for applying a horizontal electric field are formed on both sides of the substrate instead of one side, and the inside of the cell is more efficiently horizontal than the one in which the comb-shaped electrodes are formed on one side. Since an electric field can be supplied, a high transmittance of 70% was achieved by applying 10 V.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the results of the third embodiment. With respect to the composition according to Example 3, whether a sine wave voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell of FIG. 12 (upper left figure of FIG. 14) or a voltage is applied by AM modulation (upper right figure of FIG. 14: The upper right figure of FIG. 14 is the same as that of FIG. 1 (c)), and even when a square wave voltage was applied (lower figure), a high transmittance could be obtained.

FIG. 15 summarizes the mechanism and effect of the threshold reduction. Transcis isomerization occurs by UV light irradiation, and macrophase separation of azo molecules incompatible with the liquid crystal due to the change in shape creates a slippy interface. The reason why the slippy interface is formed near the electrode is that the molecules do not switch (rotate or react) on the electrode, so they are deposited on the electrode portion that does not hinder their movement (dynamic phase separation selection structure). And / or, since the affinity of the phase separation region is more compatible with the electrode than with glass, it is expressed in the electrode portion (static affinity difference). The presence of a liquid region near the electrode (end of the electrode, under the electrode) smoothes the rotation of the molecule, leading to a decrease in the threshold value.

FIG. 16 shows the results of measuring the response time with and without the slippy interface (after UV irradiation of Example 1) and without (before UV irradiation of Example 1) using the composition of Example 1. As a result of detailed analysis of the figure, the response speed was as high as 500 μsec in both the case of having the slippy interface (in the case of low threshold value) and in the case of not having the slippy interface (lubrication component).

FIG. 17 shows the results of measuring the response time with and without the slippy interface (lubricating component) using the composition of Example 3. As a result of detailed analysis of the figure, the response speed was as high as 200 μsec in both the case of having the slippy interface (in the case of low threshold value) and in the case of not having the slippy interface (lubrication component).

(Examples 10 to 15)
FIG. 18A shows the optical purity of the chiral component (compound with an addition amount of 30%) in the ferroelectric liquid crystal mixed system of Example 1 in Example 10: (a) 100% [spiral pitch of about 400 nm], Example. 11: (b) 88%, Example 12: (c) 80% [spiral pitch about 600 nm], Example 13: (d) 78%, Example 14: (e) 75%, Example 15: (f) ) 71%, and is a graph showing the relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance for the liquid crystal cell prepared by adding the azo dye molecule in the same manner as in Example 1. This is shown enlarged in FIG. 18B. Those without prime (') are the measurement data when the voltage rises, and those with prime (') are the measurement data when the voltage drops. The group of solid lines is the one in which the slippy interface is generated by UV light irradiation, and the group of dotted lines in the lower part of the figure is the one before UV light irradiation corresponding to these (the slippy interface is not expressed). ..
Due to the translational movement (pitch movement) of the spiral structure described in the lower right figure of FIG. 7A, hysteresis occurs when driven at a low frequency. In order to achieve a response without hysteresis, it is effective to select a material with a high-speed response in order to suppress the translational movement (pitch motion) of the spiral structure. Even in this case, the threshold value is lowered by the introduction of the slippy interface, and the transmittance is high and preferable when the same voltage is applied. FIG. 18A summarizes the results of changing the length of the spiral pitch by changing the amount of chiral added in Example 1. The one with the slippy interface introduced is shown by the solid line, and the one without the slippy interface is shown by the dotted line in FIG. 18A.

As described in the lower right figure of FIG. 7A, the movement of the spiral structure itself is slow, and the translational movement of the spiral structure slows the response of the liquid crystal molecules. In the present invention, as described in FIG. 8, it has been found that by forming the slippy interface, translational movement and rotational movement of molecules can be easily performed (FIG. 19).

It has been found that the generation of hysteresis due to the translational movement (pitch movement) of the spiral structure can be improved by the driving method. By performing AM modulation drive (right figure in FIG. 20), the spiral motion is suppressed by the rapid electric field reversal, that is, the translational movement (pitch motion) of the spiral structure can be suppressed, so that the hysteresis is small. Become. The left figure of FIG. 20 is the same as that of FIG. Similar to FIGS. 10 and 11, this is the result of using the liquid crystal mixed system described in Example 1.

FIG. 21 shows a result (right figure of FIG. 21) in which the large hysteresis obtained in the result shown in FIG. 18A (left figure of FIG. 21) is reduced by AM modulation. In this way, in the AM modulation drive, the spiral motion is suppressed by the fast electric field reversal, that is, the translational movement (pitch motion) of the spiral structure can be suppressed, so that the hysteresis becomes small. It can be said that it is universal regardless.

In order to obtain high contrast, a solid black display (quenching) and a bright bright display (high transmittance) are required (FIG. 22). In order to obtain a solid black display, a spiral structure with a short pitch (short pitch in the UV wavelength region) is required, but when the pitch becomes short, a high threshold characteristic is exhibited. We found that the threshold can be lowered by introducing the slippy interface, but in order to examine the more detailed effect, we investigated how the relationship between the pitch and the threshold changes with and without the slippy interface.

FIG. 23 is a diagram of voltage (horizontal axis) vs. transmittance (vertical axis) for each temperature (60 ° C., 70 ° C., 80 ° C., 90 ° C., 100 ° C.). The liquid crystal cells of Examples 10 to 15 in which the optical purity of the chiral component was changed from 100% to 71% are displayed before UV light irradiation (= dotted line display) and after UV light irradiation (= slippy interface = solid line display). It was done. Values (gamma) corresponding to the slopes of each line in FIG. 23 are read (= vertical axis in FIG. 24), plotted against optical purity (= horizontal axis in FIG. 24), and summarized in FIG. 24. Gamma, which can be called susceptibility, is a physical quantity that indicates how easy it is to drive with respect to voltage. In FIG. 24, the relationship between optical purity and gamma is plotted for each temperature. The upper plot (group) in FIG. 24 is after UV light irradiation, and the lower group is before UV light irradiation. When the upper group and the lower group were analyzed by fitting, it was found that the gamma of the upper group is proportional to the minus cube of the optical purity, and the gamma of the lower group is proportional to the minus cube of the optical purity. rice field. Since the optical purity is proportional to the wave number q (a physical quantity called, which is proportional to the chiral force), the upper group is proportional to the minus square of q in gamma, and the lower group is proportional to the minus cube of q in gamma. It can be said that it was found to be proportional. However, since the driving force is proportional to q, it is necessary to divide the susceptibility gamma by q to standardize and analyze. The result is shown in FIG. As a result, it was found that the normalized gamma is proportional to the minus square of q in the system that developed a slippery interface by UV light irradiation, and as a result of the torsional elasticity due to the increase in q, it becomes difficult to drive. Shown. However, in a system that is not irradiated with UV light and does not express a slippery interface (corresponding to the group of plots in the lower part of FIG. 25), the normalized gamma is proportional to the minus 4th power of q, and q Along with the increase, difficulty in movement due to effects other than torsional elasticity also appears. This is summarized in FIG.

As an invention for improving FLC switching, detailed experimental studies have been carried out, such as creation of a slippy interface by phase separation by UV light irradiation, creation of a slippy interface by phase separation of liquid at the electrode end, and hysteresis by AM modulation. As an invention in which there is a reduction and the effect is clear in principle, or an invention in which the effect is exhibited by a certain experiment, the trans form of the azo compound is partially revived by visible light irradiation, and the reliability is improved by introducing a gel. The creation of a high slippy interface, the realization of a high-speed response by freezing the spiral structure by polymer stabilization, and the improvement of the black level by inducing the transition from ^{SmC * to SmA by introducing a polymer chain to the interface (Fig. 27).}

For MHPOBC (4- (1-methy1-hepty1oxycarbony1) phenyl-4'-octy1oxybiphenyl-4-carboxy1ate) known as antiferroelectric liquid crystal, the voltage is 50V in the antiferroelectric liquid crystal phase (SmCA phase). When applied, the transmittance was low and a bright display could not be obtained (left figure in FIG. 28). However, when a high voltage of 100 V was applied once and then a voltage of 50 V was applied again, a high transmittance could be obtained (right figure of FIG. 28). In this state, it is probable that because a high voltage was applied, the orientation near the electrodes was disturbed, and a slippy interface with a reduced degree of order was formed. This is an example of a slippy interface caused by alteration of the material, not by addition of a lubricating component or ingenuity of the electrode interface.

Each configuration and a combination thereof in each of the embodiments described above is an example, and the configuration can be added, omitted, replaced, and other changes are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Moreover, the present invention is not limited to each embodiment, but is limited only to the scope of claims.

10 ... Liquid crystal display element, 11, 12 ... Substrate, 13 ... Photoresponsive substance (lubricating component), 14 ... Anisotropic molecule (first liquid crystal molecule and second liquid crystal molecule) , 15 ... Photoresponsive composition (liquid crystal composition).

Claims (20)

A liquid crystal component containing a first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal molecule that responds to a change in an external electric field,
It contains a lubricating component that facilitates the movement of each of the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule.
The lubricating component contains a photoresponsive substance whose molecular shape changes from a rod shape similar to that of a liquid crystal molecule to a bent shape different from that of a liquid crystal molecule due to a photoresponse.
The liquid crystal component is a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and is provided according to the non-uniformity of an external electric field, and is provided with a first liquid crystal domain containing the first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal domain containing the second liquid crystal molecule. Has a liquid crystal domain of
The first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule are formed by a change in an external electric field on both sides of a boundary region containing the lubricating component that partitions between the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain. The directions of reaction are different from each other,
The photoresponsive substance is an azo-acrylate compound represented by the following formula, or 11- [4- (4-butylphenylazo) phenoxy] undecyl methacrylate.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds represented by the following general formula (LC-VI).
Liquid crystal composition.

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom, or one or one of the alkyl groups. Two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O _{-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O} -, - O-CO-O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or -Si _{(CH 3) 2} - which was replaced by There, or one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group have been replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a CN group.
X ^{21 to} X ²⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a cyano group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, _three CF groups, or _three OFF groups.
Ring A ¹ represents a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group,
L is independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CO-O-, -O. Represents -CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-, or -C≡C-
a ¹ represents 0, 1, or 2, b ¹ and c ¹ represent an integer of 0, 1, or 2, and the sum of a ¹ + b ¹ + c ¹ represents 1 or 2, and a ¹ = 1. when a ^c 1 = ^0, is ^a 1 = 0 when ^c 1 = 1,
Y is independently independent of each other as a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Is replaced with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-. ) The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition contains one or more of three compounds represented by the following formulas.

The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the lubricating component may be separated from the liquid crystal component and ubiquitously distributed. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the lubricating component is accumulated in the boundary region. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the degree of orientation order of the lubricating component is different from the degree of orientation order of the liquid crystal component. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein the lubricating component and the liquid crystal component are phase-separated. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the lubricating component is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by mass. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the lubricating component facilitates the movement of the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule in a direction in which the external electric field changes. thing. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein the liquid crystal component exhibits a liquid crystal phase at room temperature. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the transparent point of the liquid crystal component is 60 ° C. or higher. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the liquid crystal component contains at least two or more liquid crystal compounds. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11 , wherein the liquid crystal component exhibits a smectic liquid crystal phase. The liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are substantially the same. An optical element comprising a pair of substrates having electrodes on at least one substrate and a liquid crystal composition filled between the pair of substrates.
The liquid crystal composition smoothly moves each of the liquid crystal component containing the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule that responds to the change of the external electric field, and the first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule. Contains the lubricating component and
The lubricating component contains a photoresponsive substance whose molecular shape changes from a rod shape similar to that of a liquid crystal molecule to a bent shape different from that of a liquid crystal molecule due to a photoresponse.
The liquid crystal component is a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition, and is provided according to the non-uniformity of an external electric field, and is provided with a first liquid crystal domain containing the first liquid crystal molecule and a second liquid crystal domain containing the second liquid crystal molecule. Has a liquid crystal domain of
The first liquid crystal molecule and the second liquid crystal molecule are formed by a change in an external electric field on both sides of a boundary region containing the lubricating component that partitions between the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain. The directions of reaction are different from each other,
The photoresponsive substance is an azo-acrylate compound represented by the following formula, or 11- [4- (4-butylphenylazo) phenoxy] undecyl methacrylate.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal composition contains one or more compounds represented by the following general formula (LC-VI).
Optical element.

(In the formula, R ²¹ and R ²² each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrogen atom, or a fluorine atom, or one or one of the alkyl groups. Two non-adjacent -CH ₂ -groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O _{-SO 2 -, - SO 2 -O} -, - O-CO-O -, - CH = CH -, - C≡C-, cyclopropylene group, or -Si _{(CH 3) 2} - which was replaced by There, or one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group have been replaced with a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a CN group.
X ^{21 to} X ²⁴ independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen, a cyano group, a methyl group, a methoxy group, _three CF groups, or _three OFF groups.
Ring A ¹ represents a phenylene group or a cyclohexylene group,
L is independently single-bonded, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CH ₂ O-, -OCH _2- , -CF ₂ O-, -OCF _2- , -CO-O-, -O. Represents -CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH ₂ CH _2- , -CH = CH-, or -C≡C-
a ¹ represents 0, 1, or 2, b ¹ and c ¹ represent an integer of 0, 1, or 2, and the sum of a ¹ + b ¹ + c ¹ represents 1 or 2, and a ¹ = 1. when a ^c 1 = ^0, is ^a 1 = 0 when ^c 1 = 1,
Y is independently independent of each other as a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or one or two or more methylene groups present in the alkylene group, assuming that oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. Is replaced with -O-, -CO-, -COO- or -OCO-. ) The optical element according to claim 14 , wherein the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition contains one or more of three compounds represented by the following formulas.

The optical element according to claim 14 or 15 , wherein the lubricating component is unevenly distributed in the boundary region. The optical element according to any one of claims 14 to 16 , wherein the alignment order of the lubricating component is different from the orientation order of the liquid crystal component. The optical element according to any one of claims 14 to 17 , wherein the normal orientation directions of the first liquid crystal domain and the second liquid crystal domain are substantially the same. The optical element according to any one of claims 14 to 18 , wherein a black matrix is provided immediately above the boundary region. The optical element according to any one of claims 14 to 19 , wherein a convex structure or a concave structure is provided directly above the boundary region.

Images